Wildebeest hairstyle 5 letters. Mountain antelope with curved horns. What does an antelope eat in nature
mountain antelope with curved horns
First letter "s"
Second letter "e"
Third letter "r"
The last beech is the letter "a"
Answer for the clue "Mountain antelope with curved horns", 5 letters:
chamois
Alternative questions in crossword puzzles for the word chamois
mountain goat sister
Sister of antelope and roe deer
From the order of ungulates, the family of antelopes
The name of the secretary Polykhaev ("Golden calf")
Antelope grazing in the mountains
black goat
Antelope
Word definitions for chamois in dictionaries
Big Soviet Encyclopedia
The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
black goat, whistler (Rupicapra rupicapra), artiodactyl ruminant animal of the bovid family. The head is small, the muzzle is pointed. Horns in males and females in the form of hooks. Height at the withers 65≈70 cm, weighs up to 40 kg. The coat is short, reddish in summer; long winter...
Dictionary living Great Russian language, Vladimir Dal
The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Vladimir Dal
antelope, sugak (from saiga, saiga), the generic name of an animal between a goat and a deer (more than 50 species), with unbranched horns; we have: chamois, wild goat, Antilopa ruricapra, in the Caucasus; gazelle, A. subgutturosa, beyond the Caucasus; dzeren (the same name?),...
encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
The meaning of the word in the dictionary Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
artiodactyl animal of the bovid family. Height at the withers 70-80 cm, weighs up to 50 kg. The horns of males and females are small. Lives in the mountains of Europe and M. Asia, incl. in the Caucasus. Object of sport hunting and breeding.
Examples of the use of the word chamois in the literature.
Oliphant could almost make out the pretty, venomous face of Florence Bartlett, shrouded in vapors sulfuric acids.
For dinner - fresh stew, soaked in a weak solution of manganese, sulfuric acid, arsenic and other filth, which only Stirlitz knew about.
The Gurian banner sways: on pink velvet under an eight-pointed star gracefully froze chamois.
Lal was very handsome and strong, and not only birds, but chamois, goitered gazelles and even saber-horned antelopes avoided meeting with him.
He began to talk about the beneficial effect of the reserve on the development of the fauna of the Caucasus, on behalf of the prince expressed satisfaction with a successful hunt, during which one bison, twenty-two deer, eight tours, more than forty chamois and roe deer, three wild boars and a bear.
Antelope is an animal belonging to mammals belonging to the order of artiodactyls. The animal antelope received its name from the Greek phrase, which in translation means “horned animal”.
Description
Exists great amount species differences between antelopes from different genera, however, all antelopes have common features, for example, despite the different body composition, of this animal they all have graceful, long legs.
The average height and weight of antelopes is as follows, with a body length of 1 m, the weight of an antelope is 150 kg. To the most large species This animal includes the common eland, which, with a height of 1.6 m and a body length of 3 m, weighs about 1 ton.
And the dwarf antelope belongs to the smallest, not exceeding 25-30 cm in height, weighing 1.5-3.6 kg.
habitats
Many are interested in where the antelope lives? The habitat of antelopes depends on their species, so there are animals that live in savannahs or steppes, and there are species of antelopes that live in dense forests or even jungles, there are species of these beautiful animals living in the mountains.
Most species of antelopes live on the African continent, less often antelopes are found in Asia. Only two species of antelopes live in Europe - the saiga and the chamois. Separate types, including pronghorn live in North America.
Classification
Scientists identify seven basic subfamilies of antelopes, which include a variety of species of this animal.
The African antelope or wildebeest belongs to the bubal subfamily. This group of animals includes the black wildebeest and the blue wildebeest.
The black wildebeest is one of the smallest species. This animal lives in South Africa. Average height The male black wildebeest ranges from 111 to 121 cm and weighs 160-270 kg.
Females of this species do not differ much from males in terms of size. The color of the animal is from dark chocolate to black, tails are white. Moreover, females have a lighter color.
The horns of the black wildebeest are hooked up to 78 cm long. The muzzle of the animal has a black beard and a snow-white mane, the tips of which are black.
The blue wildebeest is an animal 115-145 cm tall and weighing 168-274 kg. The color of this species of antelope is bluish-gray, the sides are decorated with dark vertical stripes.
The head of the blue wildebeest is adorned with a black mane and dark gray sometimes black horns. The tail of this species of animal is always black, as in the photo of an antelope. About 1.5 million African blue wildebeest live in African shrouds, up to 70% of animals live in the Serengeti.
Plains Markhorn African antelope belongs to the bovine subfamily, is an animal 110 cm tall and weighing 55-125 kg.
A characteristic difference of this species is that the males are much larger than the females.
In addition, males are gray in color, with 60-83 cm long helical horns and a mane, while females are reddish-brown in color and do not have horns on their heads. However, regardless of gender, the sides of animals are decorated big amount vertical white stripes.
Inhabits flat markhorn antelope mainly in the territory of such countries as Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana and South Africa.
Mountain antelope is an animal up to 1 meter high and weighing 150-300 kg. Males have large horns up to 1 m. You can meet this animal only in the mountains of the Ethiopian Highlands or in the East African Valley.
The largest representative of the antelope family is the saber-horned African antelope, its height reaches 1.6 m and its weight is 300 kg. The color of the animal is gray-brown with an orange tint.
The muzzle of the antelope is decorated with a black and white pattern in the form of a mask. There are tassels on the ears of this species of antelopes, the heads of the animal are decorated with horns of a twisted, arched shape. The habitat of the antelope is the African savannah.
The Bongo antelope is one of the rarest species of antelopes that are listed in the Red Book. This species belongs to the bovine subfamily. The Bongo antelope is a large mammal with a height of about 1-1.3 m and a weight of about 200 kg.
This species is characterized by a bright brown-red color and white transverse stripes on the sides. Besides, Bottom part legs painted in White color, on the chest, the wool is also dyed white. This species lives in forests and mountainous areas Africa.
The four-horned Asian antelope belongs to rare species. A characteristic difference of this type of antelope is the presence of four horns on the head.
The four-horned Asian antelope is an animal that is 55-54 cm tall and weighs 22 kg. The color of the antelope of this species is a brown back and a white belly. The heads of males are decorated with horns, females are hornless.
The front horns do not exceed 4 cm, and the rear ones reach 10 cm. The four-horned antelope lives in the Indian jungle, and is also found in Nepal.
Antelope photo
Antelopes were widespread in Europe, Asia and Africa from the beginning of the Pliocene (about 5 million years ago) to the end of the Pleistocene (10,000 years ago). Currently, they can be found only in Africa and South Asia, and in Africa the species diversity is greater. IN North America there are no real antelopes: the pronghorn that lives there looks like them (
Antilocapra americana ) belongs to another family(Antilocapridae) . The smallest, the size of a rabbit, pygmy antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus ) is found in West Africa. At the same time, it is the smallest of all ungulate mammals: the body length is 50-60 cm, the tail is 7.5 cm, the height at the withers is only 30 cm, and the weight is 3-5 kg. The largest antelope is the eland (Taurotragus oryx ) - looks like a bull, which is reflected in its Latin name, which translates as "goat". In a large male, the body can reach a length of 3-4 m, and the tail - 90 cm, height at the withers 1.8 m, weight 900 kg. Giant eland (T . derbianus ), despite the name, is somewhat smaller.The division of bovids into smaller groups and the distribution of species among them has not finally settled down.
Mid 2 0 in. some authors distinguished only 5 subfamilies in this family, now many bring their number to 10. In this article, 9 of them are considered: only the subfamily is ignored Caprinae ( rams, goats and related forms, for example musk ox) . Markhorn antelope (Tragelaphinae) . This subfamily includes the kudu, sitatunga, bushbuck, nyala, nilgai, bongo, eland, and four-horned antelope. Elands, nilgai and four-horned antelope are separated into independent genera; the rest are combined into one genus of forest antelopes (Tragelaphus ), or, if accurately translated from Latin, "goat deer", by which the entire subfamily is named.Kudu are represented by two types: great kudu (
Tragelaphus strepsiceros ) distributed from Central and Eastern to South Africa, and the small(T . imberbis ) - in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. In adults of the first species, the height at the withers is 1.5 m, and the weight is more than 300 kg. Males are adorned with magnificent horns twisted with a corkscrew, 1 m long on average (the record is 1.8 m), females are hornless. On the lower side of the neck from the throat to the belly there is a suspension of long hair, and on the sides there are vertical white stripes.Lesser kudu is noticeably smaller, it has more white stripes on its sides, but there is no dewlap. Height at the withers about 1 m, weight approx. 90 kg; horns length 90 cm.
Sitatunga (
T . spekei ) - large, predominantly nocturnal, semi-aquatic animal that lives in forest swamps almostthroughout Central Africa. BMost of the time it grazes in thickets of sedges, reeds and other grasses, but, apparently, prefers to eat leaves from shrubs and undersized trees. This antelope swims and dives well; fleeing from pursuers, she can hide under water, leaving only her nostrils above the surface. Sitatunga is adapted to life in the swamp; her hooves are very long and wide, which provides support on soft, muddy ground. However, due to their structure, the animal becomes clumsy on dry soil and does not risk appearing in open places. Height at the withers more than 1 m, weight up to 125 kg. The length of the horns, present only in males, is more than 90 cm.T . scriptus ) - medium sized antelope. It is found in a variety of habitats throughout almost all of Central and South West Africa, but usually near dense bushes where it takes refuge in case of danger. Males are larger than females; their height at the withers is up to 1 m, weight is up to 80 kg. Horns (only in males) are ribbed, spiral, up to 60 cm long. The color varies greatly: from light yellowish-brown to almost black. White stripes or spots are noticeable on the ears, chin, tail, legs, neck and rump, and in some individuals white stripes on the sides, around the lower neck and along the back resemble a harness.Two types of nyala - just nyala (
T . angasi) and mountain nyala ( T . buxtoni ) - live in southeast Africa, usually in dense thickets of trees near water. Males are greyish, while femalesreddish brown; both with vertical whitestripes on the sides and a crest of white hair along the back. In addition, males, unlike all other antelopes, have a thick “skirt” of long black hair hanging from the underside of the neck, chest, belly and thighs. The height of males at the withers is more than 1 m, weight is approx. 130 kg; the record length of the horns is 83.5 cm. The females are much smaller and hornless. The mountain nyala is similar to a large kudu in general appearance, but it has two white spots on the bottom of the neck, the lower one is in the shape of a crescent. The height of this species at the withers reaches 1.3 m, and the weight is 225 kg; the record length of the horns is 118.7 cm. Females are generally similar to males, but smaller and hornless. This species was discovered in 1908. It is found only in southern Ethiopia, in mountain forests and shrubs at an altitude of 2900-3800 m above sea level. T . euryceros ) is quite different from other forest antelopes, so it used to be isolated in an independent genusBoocercus , but now considered a subgenusBoocercus kind Tragelaphus . The discontinuous range of the bongo stretches from Sierra Leone in the west through Central Africa to Kenya in the east. This is the largest and one of the most beautifully colored forest antelopes, which usually lives in dense lowland forests. Males are larger than females; their height at the withers is up to 1.25 m, and their weight is 400 kg; horns longer than 1 m (both male and female) form a weakly expressed spiral. The back and sides are bright, reddish chestnut (with age they darken, becoming black), the belly is white, and the legs are black and white. There are 11 to 14 vertical white stripes on the sides, a white V-shaped mark between the eyes, a whitish crescent on the lower neck, and a maroon or black tail tuft.Kannu, or elanda, was formerly considered as one of the species
Tragelaphus , but at present these antelopes are usually isolated in an independent genusTaurotragus with two types: ordinary(Taurotragus oryx ) and giant, or western, canna(T . derbianus ). The first of them is found, as a rule, on open plains or in sparsely forested savannah; it is widely distributed in Central Africa, reaching in the north to Ethiopia, and in the south to South Africa. The giant eland was once found from Senegal to southern Sudan, but has been extirpated from much of West Africa; only small scattered populations survive in Senegal. The skin of the common eland is grayish-yellow, sometimes with slightly pronounced white transverse stripes on the sides; the giant eland is more reddish with 14 white stripes on the sides; both species darken with age, acquiring a bluish-gray color. Both species have a short black mane on the neck, a brownish or black crest on the forehead, and a thick fold of skin under the neck - a dewlap (in the giant eland it reaches the chin). When walking, adult males produce clicking sounds that can be heard hundreds of meters away on quiet nights. Previously, it was believed that they were emitted by hitting each other with hooves, but a more likely reason is the sliding of the tendons over the joints of the wrist (i.e., where the “knees” of the bovids are). At the end of the 19th century attempts were made to domesticate eland: in a hot arid climate, not suitable for most breeds of livestock, this animal gives up to 4 liters of very fatty milk per day, as well as good meat. Work was carried out not only in Africa, but also in Russia, where the herd existed until the beginning of the 20th century, England, France, the USA and Brazil. However, due to some features of the eland's biology, for example, the problems associated with its seasonal migrations, and the emergence of new breeds of livestock adapted to the same environmental conditions as it, these attempts were abandoned.Nilgai antelope (
Boselaphus tragocamelus ) is distributed in the eastern part of Pakistan, in India and Nepal, where it inhabits mainly light forests and shrubs. Coloration of adult males is bluish- gray and females grayish- redhead. Both sexes have a short mane around their necks, and the males also have a black beard on their throats. It is the largest of the Asian antelopes. In adult males (females are smaller), the height at the withers is up to 1.5 m, the body length is more than 2 m, the tail is more than 50 cm, and the weight is up to 250 kg; horns (only in males) are short, straight, approx. 25 cm. In India, the nilgai are considered close relatives of the cow and sacred animals, therefore, in a significant part of the range, these antelopes were not killed, and yet their numbers decreased. The species has been introduced to the USA (south of Texas) and South America.four-horned antelope (
Tetracerus quadricornis ) is common in India and Nepal. This is a small animal tall at the withers.only 60 cm, with a body length of approx. 1 m, tail 13 cm and weight 20 kg. Horns are present only in males and are slightly curved. Unlike all other living bovids, this antelope has not one, but two pairs of horns: the rear ones, up to 10 cm long, are located directly in front of the ears, and the front ones, approx. 4 cm - on the forehead, between the eyes. Sometimes only the posterior pair is developed, while the anterior one reminds of itself with slightly raised areas of bare black skin. The reddish-brown color of these antelopes in males turns yellow with age; the belly is white.duikers(Cephalophinae ). They are divided into two genera: crested, or forest, duikers (Cephalophus) c 18 species and bush duikers(Sylvicapra) with one view. They all live in sub-Saharan Africa. Forest duikers usually inhabit dense forests, while shrub duikers prefer open spaces overgrown with shrubs. These antelopes live alone or in pairs; they feed on a variety of plant foods, and on occasion they also eat small animals like mice or chicks from nests on the ground. Males and females are externally similar, although the latter are somewhat larger. Both sexes have short, straight horns; in female blue duikers (C.monticola ) they are sometimes absent, and in females of the common, or gray, duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia ) do not exist at all. A long crest, or comb, of black hair grows between the horns, which is reflected in the genus nameCephalop h us(Greek cephal - head, lophos - comb). The smallest species of the subfamily is probably the blue duiker, so named for its brownish-gray color with a blue tint; at the withers it is slightly higher than 40 cm, its weight is 9 kg, the length of the horns is not more than 10 cm. The largest yellow-backed duiker (C. sylvicultor ) the height at the withers is almost 90 cm, the weight is 80 kg, and the horns are up to 21 cm long.waterbucks(Reduncinae ). This subfamily includes the generaKobus And redunca . All of them are distributed throughout most of Africa and are usually found in reeds or bushes near water. Only males have horns.Kobus includes six types. It includes the actual waterbucks - large antelopes with shaggy hair, represented by numerous geographical races. Sometimes they are combined into one species, but more often they are divided into two. Waterbuck sing-sing (K . defassa ) with color varying from reddish- brown to grayish-brown, distributed almost throughout West and Central Africa, and the common waterbuck (K . ellipsiprimus ), from dark gray to grayish-brown in color, - in the southeast of the continent. Distinctive feature the last taxon has a wide white ring on the rump (the only antelope with such a feature), while in sing-sing it is replaced by a near-tail “mirror”. Height at the withers up to 1.3 m, weight up to 270 kg; the length of the horns is up to 1 m. Females are usually somewhat smaller than males.Cob, or swamp goat (
K . kob ), formerly found throughout the savannah zone from Senegal to western Kenya, but now its range is much narrower. It is a gregarious animal, and although stable groups do not appear to form, 20 to 40 females usually graze together. The coloration is bright, reddish-brown above, white on the throat, around the eyes and on the belly, black marks on the legs. Coat color varies by geographic race; for example, males of the white-eared kob are dark brown or black above, and their ears are white. In males, the height at the withers is up to 1 m, weight is up to 115 kg; the maximum length of the horns is 73 cm. The females are somewhat smaller.K . vardoni ) - a close relative of the kob; in the past, these two species (and sometimes also litchi) were combined into one genusAdenota . Puku lives in south-central Africa in the cereal savannas near swamps and rivers. Outwardly, it is very similar to a kob, only smaller, more shaggy and with a bright golden-yellow coat without black marks on the legs. The male has a height at the withers of 1 m, weight 90 kg.K.leche ) leads a semi-aquatic lifestyle and often feeds standing knee-deep or even belly-deep in waterup to 60 cm deep. These antelopes live in forest swamps and in seasonally flooded savannas, migrating to drier places with the onset of floods. The species lives in south-central Africa. One of its subspecies, red lychee (K . l . leche ), common in Botswana and Zambia, is reddish yellow with dark markings on the front of the forelegs. Subspecies black lychee (K . l . smithemani ) is found in Zambia and Congo; its coloration is blackish-brown. third subspecies,K . l . kafuensis , distinguished, in particular, by dark spots on the shoulders of males, lives in swamps along the banks of the Kafue River in Zambia. Its population in 1970 was approx.. 100 00 0, but subsequently, as a result of habitat destruction, it was almost halved. fourth subspecies,K . l . robertsy , from the northwest of Zambia, has now become extinct, and the species as a whole is threatened with extinction.Sudanese goat
(K . megaceros ) inhabits forest swamps in southern Sudan and western Ethiopia. The coloration of males is blackish-brown, with a saddle-shaped white spot on the withers, which in the form of a narrow strip reaches the back of the head; females are reddish-brown, without spots. The height of males at the withers reaches 1 m, weight 125 kg; their horns are long (up to 92 cm), thin, lyre-shaped. The females are smaller.Reed goats, or redunks (
redunca ), are represented by three species of medium-sized antelopes, common in Africa tosouth of the Sahara. mountain reducer (R . fulvoruful) lives on hills covered with cereals or shrubs; big reducer (R . arundinum ) and common redunka, or nagor(R . redunca ) , prefer marshy meadows near water. These are graceful animals; the males are somewhat larger than the females, and the great redunka is larger than the other two species. Its coloration is usually yellowish-brown with a black-brown stripe along the front side of the forelegs; height at the withers almost 1 m, weight 80 kg; the length of the horns is up to 45 cm. The smallest, mountain reducer is covered with soft grayish-beige wool; under each ear, a patch of bare gray skin is clearly visible. The height at the withers is only 75 cm, the weight is 37 kg, the horns are longer than 23 cm.Roe deer antelope (Peleinae) . The only species in this subfamily- roe deer antelope(Pelea capreola ) - found only in South Africa, on hills covered with cereals and shrubs. This antelope is generally similar to the redunks and was previously included in the previous subfamily.Her coat is soft, curly, brownish-gray. Height at withers 75 cm, weight 23 kg, length of horns (only in males) up to 36 cm.Saber-horned antelope (Hippotraginae ). Representatives of this subfamily are very similar to horses both in terms of appearance, and lifestyle:Hippotragus translated from Greek as "goat-horse".Black, or saber-horned, antelope (
Hippotragus Niger ) - one of Africa's most majestic animals, especially its endangered Angolan subspecies,H . n . variani , also called the giant saberhorn. Both males and females are adorned with long, crescent-curved horns; the maximum length - 1.6 m - they reach at the giant saberhorn. Males are larger than females: their height at the withers is up to 1.4 m, weight is up to 270 kg. The coloration of females and young is reddish-brown, males darken with age, becoming shiny jet black. Both sexes have a white belly, white muzzle markings, and a mane of erect hair around the neck. The species is distributed mainly in southeastern Africa.horse antelope (
H . equinus ) is similar to black, but larger, its horns are shorter (up to 1 m), and the color never turns black. Height at the withers 1.7 m, weight up to 300 kg. Coloring from light to dark reddish-brown with black and white markings on the muzzle; the tips of the hairs on the erect mane are black. It lives on savannahs and light forests almost throughout Africa south of the Sahara.Three species of antelopes belonging to the genus Oryx, or Oryx (
Oryx ), - large animals with a slightly pronounced hump at the withers, a short mane and long, straight, like peaks (Greek. oryx - pick), horns in both sexes. Oryxes are typical inhabitants of arid plains; they are distributed (or met earlier) in all such habitats in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.The most well-known is simply the oryx, or oryx (
O . gazella) , inhabiting in two regions separated by more than 3,200 km: the Namib and Kalahari deserts in southwestern Africa and the arid plains of the mid-eastern part of the continent. There are several geographical races, or subspecies: East African oryx, or beyza (O . g . beisa ), found in Ethiopia and Somalia; racemosus oryx (O . g . callotis ) - in Kenya and Tanzania, Cape oryx (O . g . gazella ) in southwestern Africa. The upper body of the oryx is yellowish gray, separated by a black stripe from the white belly; the head is white with a black pattern resembling a bridle; legs black above and white below; on the sacrum black spot; the tail is black. Height at the withers 1.2 m, weight 200 kg; horns up to 1.2 m long are slightly deflected back.Saber-horned Antelope (
O . dammah ) differs mainly in horns- they are bent back in a wide arc, resembling Turkish saber. This species, distributed in the past throughout North Africa, is now preserved only in a narrow latitudinal strip immediately south of the Sahara and is threatened with extinction. The color of the body is whitish; a dull longitudinal reddish-brown stripe runs from below along the sides - the color of the neck and chest, and brownish spots on the head. In size, this animal is similar to the oryx.white oryx (
O . leucoryx ) in the past was distributed from Syria and Iraq to the south of the Arabian Peninsula. Exterminated in the wild by hunters, it has been preserved in zoos and has recently been reintroduced to Oman. The color of the body is white, the legs are dark brown or black, there are black marks on the head. Height at withers 1 m, weight 75 kg, length of horns up to 70 cm.Addax, or Mendes (
Addax nasomaculatus ), refers to the antelopes most adapted to life in the desert. This animal can go without water for a long time. Addax is similar in appearance to Oryx, but differs in spirally twisted horns. The coloration in winter is mostly grayish-brown, with whitish rump, belly and legs, and in summer it is completely grayish-white. The smoky-gray head is decorated, as it were, with a wig of dark brown or black hair and a kind of white half-mask crossing the muzzle in the shape of the letter X. The height at the withers is 1.1 m, the weight is up to 125 kg, and the length of the horns is more than 1 m. Addax lives in open spaces, but somewhat slow and clumsy due to extended hooves adapted to movement on soft sandy soil; because of this, it is easy to hunt, with car hunters sometimes simply driving the animal to death. As a result, only one herd of approx. 50 goals.cow antelope (Alcelaphinae ). This subfamily includes bubals and wildebeest. They have a narrow, elongated head, reminiscent of an elk, which explains the name of the group (from lat. alces - elk and Greek. elaphos- deer). The horns are basically lyre-shaped, but their shape varies depending on how the species predominantly uses these weapons during a fight (for pushing, thrusting, etc.).Systematics of the genus Lyrohorn Bubals (
Damaliscus ) is extremely confused due to the many species and subspecies included in it. At one time very similar bontbok, or white-faced bubal (D . dorcas ) , and blesbuck, or white-fronted bubal (D . phillipsi ), attributed to different types, but now they are considered two subspecies of the same speciesD . dorcas . The white-fronted subspecies is distinguished by a white spot in the center of the muzzle, which is usually crossed by a solid dark stripe at eye level; the general color is reddish-brown, with an inconspicuous pale "mirror" on the croup. In the white-faced bubal, the eye stripe, as a rule, is interrupted in the middle, and the general coloration is brighter: dark brown above, becoming even darker below on the sides and upper parts of the legs (here with a purple tint); croup, belly and "stockings" are white. Both subspecies are found in South Africa. Currently, the white-faced hartebeest survives only on a few private farms and in the Bontbok National Park, while the distribution of the white-fronted hartebeest is limited mainly to the southeastern part of the region. The height at the withers of these antelopes is up to 100 cm, the weight is 70 kg, and the length of the horns (for both sexes) is 50 cm.Topi, or sassabi (
D . lunatus ), lives in dry savannahs throughout South and West Africa, entering the rainforest area. Wool shiny, mahogany color with grayish- brown "stockings" on the legs and pronounced black spots on the muzzle. Lyre-shaped ribbed horns more than 70 cm long are present in both sexes. Males are larger than females, up to 1.3 m high at the withers and weighing up to 170 kg. There are 9 subspecies, sometimes separated into independent species, including sassabi (D.l. lunatus ) in northern South Africa, swamps (D.l. topi, D.l. jimela ) and tiang ( D.l. tiang ) in East Africa, corrigum (D.l. korrigum ) , common from Senegal to Sudan.Common bubal (
Alcelaphus buselaphus ), also known as kongoni(its name in Swahili) , differs in unusual body proportions. At the withers, its body is much higher than at the croup, the muzzle is strongly elongated, and the lyre-shaped horns are located on the very top of the head, on a kind of bony pedestal covered with hair. Coloration varies from sandy- brown to dark brown or light reddish brown; there is usually a whitish "mirror" on the rump, and sometimes black spots on the legs. Height at withers approx. 1.5 m, weight is approximately 215 kg, and the length of the horns is up to 70 cm. There are several subspecies:A.b. buselaphus from North Africa became extinct in the 1920s;A.b. major found in Senegal;A.b. swayneyi - in Ethiopia and Somalia,A.b. jacksoni And A.b. cokii - in East Africa,A.b. caama - in South Africa. Sometimes they are considered independent species.Bubal Hunter (
Beatragus hunteri ), or hirola, often assigned to the genusDamaliscus , inhabits a very limited area in eastern Kenya and western Somalia, and has also been introduced into national park Tsavo in southern Kenya. The number of the species is estimated at about 2000 animals, but only 301 animals were found during a census conducted in 1995. Coloring from fawn to reddish, white "glasses" around the eyes, connected V- figurative "bow". Height at withers up to 1.2 m, weight up to 200 kg, length of horns up to 72 cm.Bubal Lichtenstein (
Sigmoceros lichtensteinii ) common from northeast Tanzania to Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Coloration yellowish- brown with a slightly pronounced reddish saddle and black"stockings". The height at the withers is up to 1.4 m, the weight is 200 kg, the horns up to 60 cm long do not extend from special outgrowths, but directly from the expanded frontal part of the skull.The wildebeest genus includes two species: white-tailed (
Connochaetes gnou) and blue ( C . taurinus) wildebeest. The first has a body color from yellowish-brown to blackish, a long white tail, a standing black mane, a black beard on the throat, tufts of black hair on the chest and on the muzzle; horns up to 75 cm long are bent forward and down, and then arcuate up. The white-tailed wildebeest was formerly widespread in South Africa, where hundreds of thousands of wildebeest were found. By the 1930s, as a result of uncontrolled hunting and habitat destruction, the population had been reduced to only a few hundred animals, but thanks to conservation measures on private farms and in national parks, the number of the species increased again, and it is no longer considered close to extinction. The height of the animal at the withers is 1-1.4 m, the average weight is 180 kg. The color of the blue wildebeest, common from the north of South Africa to Kenya, varies from silver gray to dark gray with a brownish tinge; the anterior part of the body is crossed by vertical brownish stripes. The tail is long and black; of the same color, the mane and beard falling to the withers. The subspecies from Tanzania and Kenya have a white beard and are sometimes referred to as the white-bearded wildebeest. The horns of the blue wildebeest resemble those of a buffalo; they depart from the pineal projections on the skull and go first to the sides and down, then up and forward, and the very tips are bent inward. The height at the withers is almost 1.5 m, the weight is 270 kg, and the length of the horns can exceed 80 cm. gazelles(Antilopinae, or Gazellinae). The taxonomy of this subfamily remains controversial; V latest works it is divided into three large groups (tribes): pygmy antelopes ( Neotragini), gazelles (Antelopini) and saigas (Saigini). TO the first are small African ungulates with short, straight, pointed horns; these are jumping antelope, oribi, stenbok, grisbuck, suni, pygmy antelope, baby antelope, dik-diks and beira. Second tribecombines African and Asian antelopes of medium size, usually with lyre-shaped horns. These include gazelles, blackbuck, gerenuk, and dibatag. Tribe Saigini includes two Asian species medium-sized, somewhat similar to goats - orongo and saiga.The dwarf antelope and jumping antelope can be considered typical representatives of the tribe
Neotragini. Antelope - jumper, clipspringer, or sass(Oreotragus oreotragus ) , lives in mountains throughout eastern Africa- from Ethiopia to the Cape of Good Hope. It stands, runs and jumps, relying only on the tips of its hooves, the rubbery structure of which helps it confidently climb steep slopes and jump from rock to rock. Like other antelopes of this group, only males are horned (the exception is the Tanzanian subspeciesO . o . schillingsi ) . Height at withers 60 cm, weight 18 kg, length of horns up to 15 cm.Antilope cervicapra ) - an Asian representative of the gazelle tribe, inhabiting the semi-desert plains and dry woodlands in India. This is one of the few species of antelopes in which males and females have different colors: the first ones are dark brown or black on top; the second - yellow-brown; both are white below and around the eyes. Back in the 19th century. the number of blackbucks was approximately 4 million individuals, however, uncontrolled hunting and habitat destruction (plowing of land) led to its sharp reduction, and now there are not even 8,000 heads of this species in India. In 1906, the blackbuck was introduced to Argentina, in 1932 to the USA (Texas) and in 1912 to Australia. Quite large populations of the species have now become naturalized in Argentina and the USA; their total number (only in Texas about 10,000) is greater than in India. In Australia, the number of blackbucks reached several hundred, but during the Second World War, many individuals were shot by soldiers, and the last herd died out in the mid-1980s. In 1986, a secondary introduction was made in Victoria (east of Melbourne), which turned out to be successful. The height of the garne at the withers is up to 85 cm, the weight is 45 kg, the length of the horns (only in males) is up to 70 cm.Springbok (
Antidorcas marsupialis listen)) means "jumping goat" in Afrikaans. This antelope, indeed, skips, and sometimes jumps 5-6 times in a row up to 2 m in height. Similar jumps, characteristic of gazelles and some other lowland antelopes, when all legs are directed vertically downwards, and the head and tail are raised upwards, are sometimes called "lookout". However, in springbok they are very peculiar: the animal arches its back sharply, lowers its neck and tail and gathers its hooves together. Its other feature is a longitudinal fold of skin (somewhat reminiscent of a pocket of marsupials, Marsupialia, from which the specific epithet of the species comes), stretching from the middle of the back to the base of the tail and covering the dazzling white fur. When the springbok is disturbed, it pulls back the edges of the fold, revealing a crest of white hair, which turns into a protruding white coat of rump and tail. The resulting "white flash" is visible from a considerable distance, especially if the animal is jumping. In former times, springboks sometimes migrated, gathering in herds of several tens of thousands; however, even a herd of one and a half thousand is now considered a rarity. Formerly view was widely distributed in short-grass semi-deserts in southwestern Africa, but subsequently was almost completely exterminated in places, and then reintroduced into reserves and game reserves, not only in the territory of the original range, but also outside it. The top of the body of the springbok is reddish-brown, the bottom is white; they are separated by a dark brown stripe running along the sides from the upper parts of the forelegs to the thighs; the head is white with dark brown stripes from the bases of the horns to the corners of the mouth. Height at withers up to 90 cm, weight 45 kg, length of horns (in both sexes) up to 48 cm.Gazella ) - small slender animals with a fawn back and a lighter bottom of the body, with the so-called. a facial pattern of dark and light stripes on the head, a dark longitudinal stripe on the sides and a black end of the tail. Lyre-shaped horns, usually present in both sexes, are covered with annular transverse projections, especially pronounced at the base. These are very frisky antelopes, reaching speeds of almost 100 km / h. They live in deserts and semi-deserts from North Africa to China. The genus includes 16 species, including the common gazelle.(G. gazella) c Arabian peninsula, gazelle dorcas (G . dorcas ) from North Africa and Israel, Thomson's gazelle (G . thomsoni ) from East Africa and Grant's gazelle (G . granti) c northeast and east of this continent. The latter species can be considered typical of the genus, although it is somewhat larger than the others. The coloration is generally fawn, with a slightly pronounced stripe on each side; a reddish-brown stripe with a wide white border runs from top to bottom in the middle of the muzzle. A large white "mirror" is surrounded by a narrow black stripe. Height at withers up to 100 cm, weight up to 80 kg, length of horns in both sexes up to 80 cm.Less typical of the tribe
Antilopini dibatag ( Ammodorcas clarkei ) , living in Ethiopia and Somalia, and gerenuk, or giraffe gazelle (Litocranius walleri ), from East Africa. Both species are different from other gazelles long neck and legs, giving them the opportunity to eat leaves for enough high altitude; in addition, when feeding, these antelopes are able to stand up on their hind legs. Saigini include orongo, or chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni ), distributed mainly in the northern part of Tibet (“chiru” is a word, probably Nepalese), and saiga, or saiga (Saiga tatarica ), from steppes and semi-deserts of Eastern Europe and Asia. Orongo lives in the steppes at an altitude of 3700- 5500 m above sea level. His coat is short, thick, sandy-brown in color; height at the withers up to 100 cm, weight up to 50 kg, length of sharp horns (only in males) 70 cm. This is an inhabitant of cold, dry plains in winter. One of hallmarks species - a humpbacked muzzle with a soft movable proboscis hanging over the mouth. At the end of the proboscis are nostrils leading to sac-like cavities, which are considered a device for warming and moistening inhaled air or for extracting heat from exhaled air. The dense winter fur of the saiga is very light, clay-gray, and the summer is yellowish-red and relatively rare. The horns (only in males) are translucent, yellowish, up to 25 cm long. The once huge saiga herds have now been greatly reduced as a result of uncontrolled hunting, in particular due to the horns used in Chinese traditional medicine. Height at the withers 80 cm, weight up to 68 kg.impala(Aepycerotinae). Impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) V different time sometimes referred to the subfamily of gazelles, then to the cow antelope, but now this species is usually distinguished into an independent subfamily. The species is found in savannahs and woodlands, usually near water, from Kenya and Uganda to Angola and northern South Africa. The animal is very graceful; the height of males at the withers is up to 1 m, weight is 80 kg, lyre-shaped horns are more than 90 cm long; hornless females are slightly smaller and weigh just over 50 kg. The coat is shiny, red, above each eye there is a white “eyebrow”, behind, on the hips and on the tail along a vertical black stripe, the lower parts of the body are white. Of all the antelopes, only the impala has a tuft of coarse black hair on its hind legs above the “heel” of the hoof, for which it is also called the black-footed antelope. Although in nature the number of impala in most of South Africa has been greatly reduced due to over-shooting, it remains one of the main hunting and commercial species in the reserves and has been introduced outside of its original range. Bulls(Bovinae ). In 1992, during a survey of the Vu Quang nature reserve in the north-central part of Vietnam, three pairs of straight long horns of an unknown species were found in hunters' houses. According to the owners, they belonged to an ungulate called sao-lo, which means "spindlehorn". Others were soon discovered hunting trophies(skulls, teeth and skins). The study of over 20 such specimens led to the conclusion that they all belong to a previously undescribed species calledPseudoryx nghetinhensis . The generic name indicates a similarity with oryx, and the specific name indicates this area of Vietnam, formerly called the province of Ngetinh. It was further established that the number of this antelope does not exceed 200 heads. The study of skulls, teeth and skins made it possible to establish that its height at the withers is 80-90 cm, body length 1.5-2 m, tail 13 cm, and weight about 100 kg; horns 32 to 52 cm long are present in both sexes. Coloration is striking: the upper body is bright brown with bright white markings on the muzzle, chin and throat, a whitish or yellowish stripe above and below each eye, a blackish "strap" along the ridge and a whitish stripe on the rump separating the brown back from the blackish legs with white "socks". Sao-lo lives in extensive virgin forests and usually keeps in groups of 2-3 individuals. The Vietnamese government took the species under protection and expanded the area of the Vu Quang nature reserve from 16,000 to 60,000 hectares. Based on preliminary DNA studies, sao-lo was assigned to the subfamily Bovinae and is sometimes referred to as the "Wukuang Bull".LITERATURE Sokolov V.V. Systematics of mammals , vol. 3. M., 1979
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