What is made from larch wood. Larch. wood properties. Beneficial features. The use of larch in medicine

In accordance with the Russian dictionary, a searchlight is a light source that includes a combination of mirror elements, as well as optical lenses. The main task this device is emitting strong luminous flux having a specific direction.

Today, spotlights are called street lamps, functioning with the help of LED lamps. Such ice spotlights are economical and durable, as well as a variety of additional features(for example, sensors that detect movement). At the same time, the power of these lighting devices usually does not exceed 50 watts.

Installation of spotlights is an important and responsible stage. Therefore, in this article we will consider the basic rules and features of connecting lamps to a 220 V network.

Device design

The floodlight consists of LED light sources, a bracket and a control unit, which, in turn, includes a sealed housing, a controller and a battery.

The controller controls the device by means of a time relay, as well as such an element as a circuit breaker that provides protection for the device.

The spotlight can be controlled either manually or automatically, i.e. using light and movement sensors. This device functions due to the contact of semiconductors that differ in the types of conductivity.

Installation and connection of the spotlight

Before proceeding with the installation of the lighting device, you should choose the right place for it. In accordance with the regulations and safety regulations, the LED spotlight must be placed at a certain distance from combustible surfaces and materials.

It is very dangerous to use flashlights that have a risk of overheating. These include devices with powerful light sources. Therefore, for protection, it is recommended to use tin or asbestos sheets, or to provide the spotlight with sufficient ventilation.

The direction of the device depends on the environment. The spotlight can be fixed with lamps up, down or horizontally. The main requirement here is a flat surface where the device is installed, and the absence of various interferences at a distance of 25 cm from the spotlight.

The luminaire should be mounted on a bracket using large bolts lubricated with special oil to prevent rust.

The process of installing a halogen spotlight can be represented as the following steps:

• following the safety rules and regulations, we stretch the electric cable to a more suitable surface for mounting the device. The use of stranded copper cable is recommended;
• make marks on the surface where the LED spotlight will be installed;
• using self-tapping screws for metal (or wood), we fix the device.

If a concrete or brick structure acts as a surface for the spotlight, then a hammer drill should be used to drill holes.

The wiring diagram for the LED spotlight is as follows:

• using the indicator, you need to make sure that there is no phase on the cable;
• open the block with contacts and run an electric cable there;
• connect the wires to the terminal block. In this case, the “phase” (brown or red wires), “zero” (blue or black wires) and the protective wiring “ground” (green or yellow) should be connected to the internal block of the spotlight;
• close the unit, making sure that its tightness is maintained;
• install lamps;
• test the operation of the device.

Depending on the installation method and location, the installation diagrams may differ from those described above.

Scope of use

Installing a spotlight with LEDs is possible in a variety of conditions. Often this device used in production, i.e. in factories, workshops, etc.

Owners of houses with spacious backyard spaces use lanterns with a reduced level of brightness, since the lighting here is carried out partially, in certain zones. When using street lights, please note that the best option installation is mounting under the canopy. This will help to avoid the influence of moisture, which can lead to a malfunction of the spotlight.

To avoid accidents and damage to property, the following rules should be observed:

• work with electrical appliances must be carried out with dry hands. This also applies weather conditions. If there is high humidity outside or it's raining, then installation measures should be abandoned;
• before installing the spotlight, it is necessary to make sure that there is no electric current;
• mains voltage should be no more than 220 V;
• it is forbidden to install a searchlight near powerful electrical appliances;
• application is not allowed chemicals next to the spotlight.

To keep the lighting fixture in good condition, as well as extending its service life, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for caring for it. It is worth noting that the LED spotlight does not require excessive maintenance.

First of all, you need to abandon cleaning products that are based on a solvent. If the device is out of order, it is enough to disconnect it from the network, without disassembling it. When installing a lighting device, it is necessary to provide it with grounding.

In this article, we answered the question of how to connect the spotlight to the network, and also considered design features and basic requirements when using this lighting fixture.

In addition to bright and powerful lighting, this device ensures safe operation for both people and natural environment, as well as energy savings due to the use of LED light sources. Despite the sufficient simplicity, installation activities are still recommended to be entrusted to specialists.

Street lighting in the country must be of high quality, durable and at the same time economical. To really be like that, you need it as a lighting device. In addition, a motion detector and a light sensor must be connected to this lamp, which will turn on the lighting in the area only when it gets dark and only if a person enters the detection zone. As a result, the street light will not work all night, but only when necessary, which will save a significant amount of money, especially if an LED lamp is installed inside the lamp. Next, we consider the most effective and at the same time simple circuits connecting the spotlight to the motion sensor and photorelay.

So, the first scheme for connecting an LED spotlight to a sensor is as follows:

As you can see, three wires are brought into the junction box on the street: phase, ground and zero. The PE wire (ground) is needed only if the luminaire housing is metal. Everything is quite simple - the phase is broken, zero to each device.

If you have bought a sensor lamp (the sensor is already installed in the housing), it is recommended to additionally connect it to a photocell, which automatically turns on the light when it gets dark. Here is the wiring electrical wires does not become much more complicated: zero is output to each of the devices, the phase first goes to the photo relay, and then to the lamp.

Wiring diagram for a touch spotlight with a photorelay:

The principle of operation with such a connection is as follows: when night falls, the photo relay closes the circuit, as a result of which the current is supplied to the terminals of the halogen spotlight. As soon as a person appears in the detection zone, the sensor will react and close its section of the circuit, as a result of which it will light up.

Well, the last option is suitable if you bought a simple LED spotlight (without a light and motion sensor). In this case, be sure to complete the wiring diagram with two sensors connected in series as shown below.

The last two connection options will make street lighting economical and fully automatic, so we recommend using one of them. If you bought a 12v lamp, then you need to connect it to the network only through a 220/12 Volt power supply. Connecting directly to the mains will disable the lamp.

That's all I wanted to tell you about this issue. As you can see, the wiring diagram for an LED spotlight with a motion sensor and a photo relay is quite simple! Finally, we recommend that you connect the street lamp only through the machine, which will be installed in the switchboard on the street. This will allow safe repair of the spotlight, as in these circuits, only the sensors disconnect the circuit.

Valuable strength and operational properties make it possible to use its wood in home improvement and construction of durable and environmentally friendly structures. The use of the material in the construction of log cabins, installation of the truss system and individual pieces of furniture is most in demand.

To increase the service life, stable and durable types of wood are introduced into the design of most buildings. The spread of larch in mass construction is hindered by a significant cost, so its use is often limited to the most critical long-term and load-bearing elements. Consider the main building structures in which they try to use larch wood.

classic houses

Built from brick or stone blocks. In such buildings, wooden elements are usually used for the manufacture of rafters, ridge and interior decoration. Sheathing the house from the inside with hardwood clapboard reduces the thermal conductivity of the walls and makes living in frost and summer heat more comfortable.

If the attic of the house is residential, then its load-bearing elements will carry a significant load from the mass of roofing and finishing materials. An additional effect is the increased humidity caused by the proximity of the roof. Beams and rafters made of larch can withstand significant weight and do not deteriorate in a humid environment.

In the photo - examples of such houses

House #1 House #2 House #3

Log cabins from larch of large diameter

Due to the high cost of larch logs, they are usually used only in the lower crowns of the house. They give somewhat greater strength and do not collapse during floods and during the rainy season. A short stay in a flooded area does not harm such a log house.

Chopped projects wooden houses often include a combination of larch and softer and lighter pine. The slightly weighted hardwood base provides stability to the house and reduces costs. The greater hardness of the wood increases the complexity of processing due to the numerous splits that increase the overall value of the house.

Baths

The abnormally low thermal conductivity of larch makes it useful element during the construction of baths and saunas, as well as the installation of interior cladding. The natural antimicrobial properties of the material prevent the formation of fungus, and the low hygroscopicity minimizes the processes of swelling and destruction. It is pleasant to touch larch wood even in a hot room.

Deciduous bath fonts retain the initial temperature of the water for a long time, allowing you to quickly refresh yourself after leaving the steam room. The fonts are made of untreated wood and are distinguished by their durability.

Photos of finished baths

Bath №1 Bath №2 Bath in Russian style

Interior elements made of larch wood

Unlike solid houses, furniture and interior decoration are made from this material much more often. Larch is used to make individual house structures and pieces of furniture, including floors, doors, stairs and windows.

Floors at home

Due to its high resistance to abrasion, larch is optimal in the production of flooring. This board is great for flooring in the bath and bathrooms.

The main types of hardwood floors:

• parquet- is a mechanically resistant and durable coating that can be periodically disassembled, machined and cleaned. The cost of hardwood parquet is high, but long-term operation partially compensates for this drawback;
• parquet board- is produced in the form of a three-layer product, the upper part of which is made of larch. The middle and lower parts are softer and more easily processed species - pine or spruce;
• batten- is made in the form of a solid array of wood, having grooves for laying at the ends. On the one hand, the groove is a regular notch (tongue), and on the other, a protruding rectangular profile (ridge).

In the photo - a floor board made of Siberian larch

Laying arrays of larch boards is carried out in several stages:

• Stage 1- preparation of the floor surface, including insulation, waterproofing and laying the base (usually plywood);
• Stage 2- laying boards. It is made from the wall and consists in matching the crest and tongue of adjacent boards. Bottom part the floor is attached to the base with glue, and the boards are interconnected with self-tapping screws;
• Stage 3- installation of skirting boards and subsequent varnishing, carried out as needed.

Photo of the floor laid in the apartment

Kitchens

The main use of this wood is in the manufacture of countertops, which are used instead of classic stone slabs in the kitchen. The wooden countertop is easily damaged, but just as easily restored by grinding and coating with protective compounds. The high resistance of larch to water extends its use up to the area around the sink, which is subject to strong moisture.

Furniture

It is partly analogous, since it has close strength and anti-wear properties. Classic hardwood furniture is quite expensive, but it has high hypoallergenicity, durability, stability and aesthetics. Larch is used to produce cabinets, tables, armchairs, chairs and chests of drawers.

Hardwood tables are lighter than oak tables, so they are more ergonomic and retain their performance. In furniture made of solid larch, wardrobe items and linen do not lose contact with fresh air, therefore they do not acquire an unpleasant odor.

Wooden windows and doors

Window frames have low vapor permeability and provide heat retention even when there is a large temperature difference between inside and outside the house. Tightly fitted doors made of larch wood are weakly subject to shrinkage and swelling, therefore, they almost do not change their geometric dimensions in different time of the year.

The low thermal conductivity of the material additionally contributes to the preservation of heat and coolness in the room, reducing the cost of heating and air conditioning. The high strength of larch doors makes rough break-in difficult, but it requires more expenses to obtain a uniform door free of chips and cracks.

This is how larch doors look like in the photo

Solid wood doors Interior doors

stairs

They are valued for their ability to retain their original properties for a long time. When using high-quality dried material, the stairs are practically not subject to destruction and will not loosen and creak after several years.

Steps are usually made from a thick solid wood, since they directly perceive the main load. The handrail and poles can be made by spreading thick boards or thin beams. The string of the stairs is a solid board of medium thickness.

Photo of stairs made of larch wood

Staircase #1 Staircase #2 Staircase #3

What is made from larch for the household

A number of elite houses, known for their ecological properties, use hardwood tiles. Resistance to moisture makes such a roofing sufficiently durable and stable for decades. The wood structure allows the room to "breathe" and reduces the likelihood of rot.

Larch gazebos retain their aesthetic appearance longer and do not acquire a blue color. The best fire resistance of larch helps to protect the structure during short-term exposure to fire. The complexity of wood processing leads to a significant increase in the cost of complex carved elements.

In the manufacture of a fence, larch wood allows you to maintain its integrity and strength properties for a long time. Supports buried in the ground are less susceptible to decay, which is minimized after treatment with resin protective compounds. Larch fence rarely stained, emphasizing the naturally beautiful texture with stain or oil.

Deciduous false beams bring the aroma of wood into the room and have a sanitary effect. Increased fire resistance allows you to mount individual elements of the wiring and lighting system to them.

Larch facades are a good alternative to plastering and give the building a special touch. The wood base is usually treated with flame retardants and varnished to protect it from the abrasive effects of dust in strong winds.

You can watch a video on how to choose the right larch finishing material below:

Application in natural economy

To improve the aesthetic component and protect water bodies, the banks are strengthened with larch. For this purpose, a protective layer is erected, consisting of thin logs (up to 10-15 cm in diameter) or thick boards. Unlike other wood, strengthening with larch is a long-term measure, since it does not collapse after installation for many years.

This protection measure is popular in the maintenance of artificial ponds. They look more aesthetically pleasing not only due to the wooden posts outlined around the perimeter, but also due to greater transparency. The improvement of the shore prevents the formation of persistent opaque suspensions in the water of the lake.

Larch wood is quite strong and durable. In terms of hardness, it can be equated to oak wood. Materials from this tree are subject to warping to a small extent, and therefore, throughout for long years retain their original appearance. However, the qualities of larch make it possible to produce high-quality finishing materials that are quite durable, resistant to decay, damage by insects and resistant to stress.

Boards and beams from this tree species are extremely durable. Larch construction and lumber are used in a wide variety of conditions: from the construction of bathhouses, piers, terraces and ending with sleepers and mechanical engineering. Larch floors will serve long years, and please natural beauty natural wood.

This building material is elite and has properties that distinguish it favorably from other types of wood. The main advantages of larch wooden houses are fire resistance, resistance to insects and microorganisms, high hardness of the material, enormous health benefits, texture expressiveness, as well as an acceptable cost of turnkey construction services.

This wood contains antiseptic substances that create a natural barrier against rot, decay, blue stain, and pests.

A classic flooring can be called a deck board made of larch. It is not grooved and has rounded chamfers on the edges of the front side of the product. Most often it is laid with small gaps between the boards. It is ideal for both indoor and outdoor installations.

The deck board, like garden parquet, can be used in the course of arranging garden paths and covering areas that are adjacent to the pool.

Application areas of larch

1. rounded log obtained in the following way: tree trunks, having previously been cleaned of bark, are passed through machines with a cutter system, turning them into cylinders with a carefully processed surface. Then the logs are cut to size, and grooves, spikes and locks (crown cups) are made, antiseptic.
2. Production glued profiled timber from larch is carried out by the following technology: lumber is dried in drying chambers to a furniture moisture content of 8-10%, lamellas are calibrated on four sides to obtain accurate geometry, sorted and glued with special environmental adhesives on a powerful hydraulic press.
3. Profiled timber natural humidity is used in the construction of any wooden houses, as well as baths.
4. Larch floor board- this is a molded product grooved on two opposite long sides, which is made on high-precision woodworking equipment from selected boards of radial and tangential cuts. The moisture content of a larch floorboard does not exceed 10%.
5. Name "lining" appeared at a time when wagon manufacturers used a board with a double-sided sample for sheathing (so that there were no gaps in the walls of the wagons). Since then, the name has been fixed, although it is more correct to call the lining - a sheathing board (that's what it is called in technical documents). Clapboard can be called both a traditional lining, and a blockhouse and a board with a selected quarter.
6. Terrace board(aka “anti-slip”, velveteen, deck board modification) has managed to establish itself as a practical and reliable material for floor coverings outdoors - terraces, balconies, verandas, as well as in baths, pools, saunas.

Types of larch

• Larix gmelinii (Rupr. ) Rupr.– Gmelin larch =
  • Larix gmelinii var. gmelini =
    • Larix amurensis Kolesn.— Amur larch
    • Larix cajanderi Mayr - Cajander Larch
    • Larix kamtschatica (Rupr. ) Carriere– Kamchatka larch
  • Larix gmelinii var. japonica =
    • Larix kurilensis Mayr – Kuril larch
  • Larix gmelinii var. olgensis =
    • Larix olgensis A.Henry– Olginskaya larch
    • Larix Koreana Nakai — Korean larch, nom. nud.
  • Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii
• Larix komarovii Kolesn.— Larch Komarov
• Larix maritima Sukaczev— Seaside larch
• Larix middendorffii Kolesn.– Middendorf Larch
• Larix ochotensis Kolesn.– Okhotsk larch

About one and a half dozen species are generally recognized:

• Larix czekanowskii Szafer — Larch Chekanovsky
• Larix decidua Mill.- European larch, or Falling larch
• Larix gmelinii (Rupr. ) Rupr.– Larch Gmelin
• Larix griffithii Hook.f.- Griffith Larch
• Larix kaempferi (Lamb. ) Carriere- Larch thin-scaly, or Larch thin-scaled, or Japanese larch, or Kaempfer larch
• Larix kongboensis R.R. Mill
• Larix laricina (Du Roi K.Koch– American larch
• Larix lubarskii Sukaczev– Lubarsky larch
• Larix lyallii Parl.- Lyell Larch
• Larix mastersiana Rehder & E.H.Wilson — Larch Masters
• Larix×marschlinsii Coaz
• Larix occidentalis Nutt.– Western larch
• Larix potaninii Batalin- Larch Potanin
• Larix sibirica ledeb.– Siberian larch

Useful tables

Shrinkage coefficients of larch wood from different areas of growth

Average statistical data on stocks of standing larch in the territory of the Russian Federation

Physical and mechanical properties of coniferous wood of various species at a moisture content of 10 - 12%

Influence of geographical, natural conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of larch wood

(wood moisture 10 - 12%)

Relative volume of parts of a growing tree

Durability of wood of various species depending on service conditions

Biostability of larch wood

Siberian larch (Latin name Larix sibirica) is a coniferous tree from the pine family. Name of this coniferous tree reflects its peculiarity to shed its needles like leaves every autumn. The dimensions of the larch tree itself are on average 50 m high and 2.5 m wide at the base. Larches are long-lived, they usually live from 700 to 1000 years.

In Russia, larches are distributed from the northern border of forests to the border with the forest-steppe. The largest concentrations of larches are located on Far East and in Siberia. Larch is also found in the European part of our country, but lumber lumber of Siberian origin is of value for construction. Larch, grown in milder European climates, has looser wood, similar in properties to pine wood.

larch properties

Siberian larch has a high resistance to decay. Its wood has a biological resistance twice that of pine. In accordance with European standard EN 350-2; 1994 larch wood is classified as very resistant species, and pine wood as moderately resistant. The resistance to destruction of this wood is explained by a combination of a number of its unique properties:

• high density
• the special composition of the resin,
• high resinity.

A well-known proof of the strength and durability of larch is the piles on which Venice stands, made from this particular tree. They stand in the water and do not require replacement for more than 1000 years.

The resistance of larch to decay makes it possible to use it in places where the wooden structure is forced to come into contact with water or earth: in the decoration of swimming pools, piers, in the exterior of houses, to create wooden floors under open sky, piles, paths, etc.

Larch has a very hard wood, it is almost equal to the hardness of oak wood, and its strength in bending, stretching and compression bush than oak. A beautiful texture larch, combined with its strength, makes it possible to widely use Siberian larch as a floorboard, designed to be used for many decades.

As already noted, the pattern of larch wood is very beautiful. It has a pronounced structure, a special silky sheen and a wide range of 12 colors: it is formed by light yellow, red and golden brown colors.

The value of larch wood and that it has not at all a large number of knots and other defects. Therefore, a large amount of high-quality wood can be obtained from a larch trunk. The absence of flaws makes it possible to use larch in the design of the most expensive interiors.

Larch wood has a high fire resistance.

The use of larch in interior decoration