A private house with an individual heating boiler - a completely common phenomenon. Given the rising cost of utilities and the quality of heat supplied centrally, residents of apartment buildings also began to seriously think about installing independent heating in the apartment. Implementing this idea is more difficult than equipping a detached cottage with a heating system, but still it is quite possible. Read on and we will tell you more about how to do it.

Possible problems you will encounter

With a private house, everything is relatively simple. Here you can put a gas, solid fuel, liquid fuel or electric boiler, make a water heated floor, organize a solar heating collector on the roof, install solar panels, use one of the types heat pump, make a combination of these methods and even build a separate building for the boiler room.

IN apartment building most of these methods are not possible because:

  • it may harm the interests of other tenants;
  • not every project can be carried out in an apartment from a technical or practical point of view;
  • there are many legislative restrictions, etc.

For example, it does not make sense to install in an apartment, since fuel storage will require significant space, and usually the ceiling is not designed for such an increase in weight. Of course, storing a large amount of flammable liquids in such a situation can be dangerous. It is forbidden to install in apartment buildings, only it is allowed.

Sometimes, with the transition to individual heating, problems arise not of a technical, but of a legal nature. In some regions, the refusal of district heating may be prohibited by legislation. In such a situation, one should start not with the design of technical documentation, but with the advice of a lawyer. The apartment owner may have to seek court permission to disconnect from the central heating system, as well as obtain permission to install individual heating equipment.

Most often, apartments use two options for autonomous heating: gas or electric. In the first case the best choice considered installation . Electricity is used to heat the coolant not only directly, but also indirectly, for example, for work. Whatever the choice, you will have to take into account the need to first dismantle the old heating system, since it is far from always possible to use the old pipes and radiators.

An interesting option for switching to electric individual heating is presented in the following video:

Option #1 - gas heating (column)

For an apartment, a modern double-circuit gas boiler is perfect, equipped with a closed combustion chamber, electronic ignition and equipped with a programmable thermostat. This configuration will allow you to maintain the optimum temperature in the system for different times of the day. Owners of a spacious apartment are advised to get a storage boiler, this will allow you to stock up enough big amount hot water so you can wash dishes and take a shower at the same time.

The diagram shows the device of a double-circuit gas boiler, which is optimally suited for the installation of autonomous heating in an ordinary apartment

Advantages and disadvantages of this option

The degree of automation of modern gas boilers is quite high; after installation and configuration, the equipment can work completely autonomously. Security systems reduce the risk of gas leakage and other unpleasant consequences to a minimum. For small apartments, you can always choose a compact boiler model that does not take up much space. The boiler works silently, it will not disturb either the tenants of the apartment or their neighbors. Prices for such equipment vary in a wide range, which allows you to choose the right option at the best price.

To install a double-circuit gas boiler with a closed combustion chamber on the facade of a building with a coaxial chimney, a special permit may be required.

  1. No matter how small the probability of a gas explosion, it still exists.
  2. The ventilation system in the room where the gas boiler is installed must meet the highest requirements.
  3. The cost of domestic gas for the population is steadily increasing.
  4. The ventilation ducts will require periodic cleaning, as they will be clogged with greasy soot - products of combustion of domestic gas.
  5. When used through an open window, an unpleasant odor will penetrate into the apartment.

It is also important to note that the installation of a coaxial chimney outlet on the front of the building may require permission from the supervisory authorities.

Features of the gas system device

Installation of heating gas equipment is carried out in four stages:

  1. Gas boiler installation.
  2. Disconnection and dismantling of the old heating system.
  3. Installation of radiators and heating pipes for a new system.
  4. Connecting a gas boiler.

To implement the last stage, you should invite a specialist from the gas service, who will monitor compliance with all operating and safety rules.

Since they are practically excluded in an autonomous heating system, pipes and radiators can be selected without increased strength requirements. Most often, apartment owners choose lungs that have increased heat dissipation. Easy to install and corrosion resistant polypropylene pipes by 20 mm. For heating and hot water systems, PP pipes reinforced with foil are recommended, which compensates for the high thermal expansion characteristic of polypropylene.

For autonomous heating in an ordinary apartment, light aluminum radiators with good heat dissipation and polypropylene pipes are best suited.

During the installation of radiators and pipes, a number of rules should be followed:

  1. Radiators should be connected to the circuit in parallel, not in series.
  2. When inserting radiators, you need to use a diagonal pattern (from top to bottom).
  3. A thermal head should be installed on the return connection of each radiator.
  4. A Mayevsky crane must be placed in the top plug of each radiator.
  5. A valve must be installed on the radiator supply.
  6. Installation of radiators is carried out strictly according to the level.
  7. On the spill, it is required to use clip-fixers that compensate for the thermal expansion of the pipes.
  8. Upon completion of the installation of pipes and radiators and before connecting the boiler, it is necessary to carry out pressure testing of the system.

For the normal functioning of an autonomous heating system, a circulation pump is required, as well as elements of the safety group:

  • expansion tank;
  • manometer;
  • safety valve;
  • device for automatic air removal.

Usually modern gas boilers are already equipped with all these necessary elements and are completely ready for operation.

The thermal head on the heating radiator will allow you to regulate the temperature in the room, and the gas boiler control system will maintain the required temperature of the coolant

Option #2 - electric heating

The owner of the apartment has several options for heating with electricity:

  • electric boiler;
  • warm floor;
  • Heat pump.

The first two options can be quite costly during operation, since electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, like other energy carriers. For installation, as with the installation of gas, you will need to remove the old pipes and radiators and install new ones. considered more efficient due to its features. When the heating elements are evenly distributed throughout the floor, and the air in the room is heated from the bottom up, less heat is needed to heat the room than with traditional hot water heating.

The diagram shows the options for connecting an air-to-water heat pump to various types of heating systems: radiators, fan coil, underfloor heating

The most profitable for autonomous heating of an apartment is a heat pump of the “” or “” type. In this case, electricity is used in a relatively small amount to operate equipment that draws from environment thermal energy with low potential and converts it into high potential energy. A heat pump is an environmentally friendly heating method that uses a renewable source of thermal energy. But it is considered effective only in warm climatic zones, i.e. where the air temperature does not drop below -25 degrees.

The cost of air source heat pump equipment can be quite high. Compared to the cost of individual gas heating, a unit of heat obtained from the operation of a heat pump is somewhat more expensive. However, in the long run, such a solution may turn out to be more profitable than a gas boiler. In addition, the air-to-air heat pump can act as an air conditioner in summer. These devices are based on general principles which is why a heat pump is sometimes referred to as an air conditioner.

To install an air source heat pump in an apartment, you need to choose the right model. Large duct systems are more suitable for large apartments. In this case, you will have to install a central unit, from which warm air will be distributed through the ducts. In addition, the cost of equipment can be quite high. A multi-split system works in approximately the same way: a common unit is mounted outside, connected by highways to indoor units for each room.

The indoor unit of an air-to-air heat pump is very similar to a split air conditioner unit, since these units work on similar principles.

In a small apartment, it makes sense to install a separate split system for each room. In this case, you do not have to lay a network of air ducts around the apartment. This is very convenient if the final finishing in the apartment has already been completed and a major alteration is not planned in the near future. The amount of heat for each kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed in multi-split systems is 3.5 kW or less. An inventory split system with one external and internal unit can produce up to 5 kW of heat.

In areas with severe winters, some apartment owners use a combined option: in cold weather, they use a gas boiler, and when it gets warmer, they turn on the heat pump. An interesting option may also be a combination of a heat pump and underfloor heating.

Due to the rising cost of utilities, people are increasingly starting to install independent heating in the apartment. Do it in private country house much easier, but in a city dwelling it is also possible to implement such a project. It is important to adhere to the correct installation of equipment. In this case, it will not be difficult to make an apartment energy independent.

The installation of a boiler in the house must be approached carefully. there are many nuances

Difficulties with installation

If we talk about a private house, then here you can install any of the existing heating systems: solid and liquid fuel boilers, gas or electric installations, systems that run on solar energy. You can build or allocate a separate building for the boiler house. All these works it is almost impossible to perform in a city apartment, since:

  • not all neighbors will agree with the construction of such a building, because it may not be in their interests;
  • technically, not every project can be implemented;
  • there are many prohibitions legislative norms that do not allow you to perform certain work in the apartment.

For example, in a high-rise building, installation of solid fuel installations is not allowed. This is due to the need to store firewood, which weighs a lot, in a special room. Overlapping in an apartment building is not designed for such loads. In addition, such a place still needs to be found. It is also impossible to put a water heated floor in the apartment, but it is allowed to install an electric heater.

Not everyone can fit solid fuel boilers

There are times when you need to start not with the preparation of all the necessary documentation for arranging autonomous equipment, but with the advice of a lawyer. This is due to the prohibition at the legislative level to make such changes and disconnect from central heating. It will be possible to solve the problem by obtaining permission to install stand-alone equipment. Often such an opportunity appears only after a court order.

As a rule, two equipment options are installed in apartments: gas and electric boilers. A gas boiler is better to choose a double-circuit.

Electricity as an energy source is used not only for direct water heating, but also for the operation of a heat pump. In both cases, most likely, you will have to dismantle the old heating equipment, since it is not always possible to remake it.

In this video you will learn the pros and cons of autonomous heating of an apartment:

gas structures

In a city apartment, the ideal option would be to install a gas double-circuit boiler, which has a closed combustion chamber, it has a thermostat, an automatic shutdown system and electric ignition. This configuration will provide the ability to adjust the optimum temperature day and night. Additionally, a boiler can be connected to the system. This will allow not only to heat the apartment, but also to have enough hot water for washing dishes and showering.


A gas boiler has some advantages over others

Advantages and disadvantages

Modern gas boilers have quite a high degree automation. Once the equipment is installed and configured, it can operate around the clock without human intervention. There are also modern security systems that turn off the equipment if something goes wrong, so the risk of gas leakage is minimized.

Especially for small one-room apartments, they came up with compact models that do not take up much space. Such equipment is almost completely silent, so its work will not interfere with family members and neighbors either. Prices are different and depend on the performance, size and manufacturer of a particular model, so choose the right one and economically profitable option will not be difficult. Installation of autonomous heating in a gas-type apartment also has its drawbacks:

  • although the probability of gas leakage is minimized, it still exists;
  • the need to install a ventilation system and high requirements for its quality;
  • the cost of gas is increasing day by day;
  • ventilation must be periodically cleaned of soot.

Gas boiler in the apartment:

Mounting Features

All work on the installation of gas equipment is carried out in several stages: installation of heating equipment, dismantling of old batteries, connecting new radiators to the place of the old ones, starting the system. The last stage may require the participation of regulatory authorities who will check the safety precautions, the correct connection of all equipment and the legality of such a construction.


Do not forget to follow certain rules when installing pipes

Radiators can also be of low strength, since increased pressure or other problems that may occur with a centralized connection will not occur. The autonomous system is personally controlled, so the manifestation of such difficulties is reduced to zero. Often, apartment owners choose batteries made of lightweight aluminum, which have sufficient strength and increased heat dissipation. It is good to use polypropylene pipes with them. When installing pipes, you must follow a few rules:

  1. Batteries must be connected in series.
  2. A thermal head must be connected to the return of each radiator.
  3. Before the top entrance near each radiator, a Mayevsky crane should be installed.
  4. A valve will need to be installed on the supply to the radiator.
  5. Before supplying water to the system, it is necessary to make a pressure test.

All necessary components can be purchased at specialized stores. If you want to save money, you can order them directly from the manufacturer through the official online store.

If an autonomous system is planned, then you need to install the following items:

  • manometer;
  • air outlet device;
  • expansion tank;
  • valve set.

As a rule, modern boilers in the purchased version already include a number of all the necessary components.

Warm water floors in an apartment building:

Electrical systems

There are not only many varieties of electric boilers, but also many options that allow you to constructively make a project. For example, the owner of an apartment has several options for heating a room:

  • warm floor;
  • electric boiler;
  • Heat pump.

The first two methods are not always advisable to install, since they turn out to be expensive to install, and besides, you will have to pay a lot for electricity. Electricity, like other energy resources, is constantly becoming more expensive. If you install an electric boiler, you must remove all the old equipment and install a new one, in the same way as in the case of a gas installation.


Autonomous heating is not a cheap pleasure

Underfloor heating is more efficient than a boiler due to its features. If all heating elements are evenly distributed throughout the floor, and the air is heated from the bottom up, then much less energy will be needed to create comfortable conditions.

But it is better to do autonomous heating of an apartment in an apartment building in the form of a heat pump. Two types of such devices can be used: air-to-air and air-to-water.

A heat pump is an environmentally friendly type of equipment for space heating, as the energy is renewable. But it is advisable to install it only in warm climatic zones, where the temperature does not fall below -20 ° C.

People are often interested in the question of whether it is possible to make independent heating in an apartment at a low price. In this case, they should not look closely at thermal devices. The cost of heat pump equipment can be high. In addition, the price per unit of energy spent will also be slightly higher when compared with gas equipment.

But on the other hand, if we talk about the long term, then such equipment is interesting to install. Also, a device that works on the "air-to-air" principle can perform the functions of an air conditioner in the summer, since they have the same principle of operation. In this regard, a heat pump is sometimes called an air conditioner.


Some models can act as an air conditioner in the hot season

Before installing the air type device, you need to choose the right model. Multi-channel equipment is best installed in apartments with large area. Buying such a device for a small apartment is not advisable, since its cost will be significant, and the electricity bill will not please.

For small apartments, it is advantageous to install separate split panels for each room separately. In this case, it will not be necessary to install air ducts. This option is ideal if the repair in the apartment is already completed, since for installation it is not necessary to break the walls. In addition, one system can produce up to 5 kW of heat. In the northern regions, a combined heating system is used: a gas boiler is used in winter, and an electric boiler in summer. Thus, it is possible to save a lot of resources.

Overview of the installation of a water heated floor in an apartment:

Reasons for switching to autonomous heating

From year to year, rates for public utilities are growing. Other than that, the customer service is just disgusting. Their equipment is often old and the pipes are rusty. This is the situation for most apartment owners, so many began to think about installing stand-alone equipment. There are many reasons to switch to autonomous heating:

  1. A personal heating system makes it possible to turn on the heat at any time, rather than waiting for it to get cold.
  2. Hot water will flow from the tap constantly, and not from time to time, as with centralized heating.
  3. The temperature in the apartment can be adjusted independently. Sometimes the wrong temperature setting by utilities complicates life. It can be very hot or cold.
  4. If a person is not happy with something, complaining is unlikely to help.
  5. You only pay for the heat you use, not for imaginary utility bills.

There are many reasons for switching to autonomous heating.

Obtaining a building permit

People who are thinking about whether it is possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment need to start by preparing all the required documents. To legalize a future building, you need to obtain permission from several authorities. At the same time, in all former countries Soviet Union this procedure is about the same.

If the apartment is located above the 10th floor, then permission will not be obtained. But in the event that the apartment is located below, it is necessary to obtain permission either from representatives of the city executive authority or from the local government. In most cases, you should contact your local government.

At the stage of obtaining permission, the biggest difficulties arise. For some reason, authorities often believe that the transition to autonomous heating of several apartments will lead to a violation of the hydraulic system as a whole, as a result of which the temperature will drop. In this regard, permission is often not issued.


For example, it is required to obtain a building permit from the competent authorities

But there is a way out of this situation. First, you can insist that the application be considered by the interdepartmental commission. Members of this commission must conduct an audit and make their decision in a maximum of 1 calendar month.

You can call the sanitary and epidemiological station to fix the violation of the heat supply and the absence of all established sanitary standards. If such an act is in hand, it is necessary to go to court and demand the termination of the contract with the Housing Office. But if the utility service continues to accrue debt, bills can not be paid. Even if she goes to court due to debt collection, she will be refused, since the contract has been terminated. In this case, the housing office has only two options: to supply further heat to the apartment or to give permission for the installation of autonomous equipment.

Having made an autonomous heating system in the house, you can get rid of the eternal problems with utilities, the lack of heat in the winter or its excess in hot weather. In addition, you can significantly save on bills, since you only have to pay for the electricity used.

Autonomous heating - price of use:

Do you think that heat bills are too high and the quality of service is unsatisfactory? Don't want to depend on planned and unplanned outages? Tired of abrupt temperature changes in batteries that do not correspond to weather changes? You have a perfectly legitimate opportunity to solve all these problems at once by installing your own heating boiler and disconnecting from the central heating network. But before you go to the plumbing store, you need to get as much information as possible on how to do everything correctly and in accordance with building codes. Do you want to competently equip autonomous heating in the apartment? Then get some basic information about this case here.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment

How expedient is it to refuse centralized heating in an apartment building? Let's start with an overview of the advantages that an autonomous heating system in an apartment can bring you.


Important! When changing the power of the heating boiler, observe the known limits. Do not reduce the temperature in the room to values ​​​​that are less than the figures prescribed in building codes. Otherwise, you will "freeze" neighboring apartments, which can lead to unwanted conflicts with neighbors.

Scheme depicting the autonomous heating system in the apartment. The boiler receives fuel from a gas supply line equipped with shutoff valves and a meter. Also connected to it is a feed cold water- the boiler is double-circuit, and, in addition to heating the apartment, it supplies residents with hot water. In the diagram, you can see that the cold water line going to the heater is equipped with a filter - its presence significantly extends the life of the equipment. Of course, the "supply" and "return" of the heating system also depart from the boiler, through which water enters the radiators and the "warm floor" system

It should be understood that independent heating of an apartment has its drawbacks and problems. If you are going to make autonomous heating at home, then be sure to read them so that they do not become an unpleasant surprise for you in the future. What should be d, you can find out in our article.


Now, having seen the positive and negative side autonomous heating, we will tell you how to make it. The whole process can be represented as several steps performed sequentially.

  1. Working with documents - obtaining permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange your own, autonomous system.
  2. Selecting the power of the heating system for your apartment.
  3. Choosing a boiler for autonomous heating
  4. Installation work - installation of meters and a boiler, pipe laying, etc.

Competent work with documents is half the success

In the following sections of this article, we will cover all of these steps, but in more detail. So let's get started.

Preparation of documents for the arrangement of autonomous heating

The first 50% of success in arranging autonomous heating in an apartment is paperwork and going through a lot of bureaucratic delays. To make things easier for you, we have put together a sample step by step instructions on how to prepare the necessary papers and coordinate all the work.

Step 1. Collect a package of documents that you will need to obtain permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange autonomous heating:

  • technical passport for the apartment:
  • documents confirming the ownership of housing or their notarized copies;
  • consent to the redevelopment of all who live in the apartment;
  • application for disconnection from central heating;
  • application for redevelopment of the apartment.

Step 2 Find out who owns the heating system. If it is a common house, then to disconnect from it and to connect autonomous heating, you will need to obtain the written consent of all the residents of the house.

Step 3 With an application for disconnection from central heating and other documents, contact management company(or HOA).

Step 4 Within ten days, you must obtain permission to disconnect from the general heating network and technical specifications (abbreviated as TU) for a heating boiler and an autonomous heating system.

Important! If the management company denied you permission, find out the reason. If unfounded, challenge this decision in court. Remember, you have the right to autonomous heating in your own apartment.

Step 5 For specifications and other documents, please contact specialized organization who will draft an autonomous heating system. They must also determine whether you have the technical ability to equip such a system and whether it will harm other residents, the building itself and its utilities.

Step 6 Send an application for redevelopment along with the project, technical calculations and other documents to local governments. Within 45 days, they must issue you a permit for the arrangement of autonomous heating.

Step 7 If the installation of a gas boiler is implied, coordinate this event with the gas service in your city.

Step 8 If necessary, confirm with the fire department that your redevelopment project complies with all regulations.

Some bureaucratic aspects of paperwork and permits for autonomous heating in an apartment may differ depending on different regions. Check these points in advance with the local administration.

Important! Remember that any unauthorized work that is not agreed with the gas service and the management company is unacceptable. First, such conditions create a risk for you, your family and neighbors. Secondly, it threatens with problems with the law, courts, fines and an official requirement to dismantle autonomous heating in the apartment.

Boiler power selection for autonomous heating

During the preparation of the project and permission to install autonomous heating, it is necessary to determine what boiler capacity will be sufficient to heat your apartment. To do this, a simple calculation is performed using the following formula:

Q=S*P*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7*R

The result of the calculations is Q - sufficient power to heat the apartment, watts are used as units of measurement. As variable S, select the total area of ​​the apartment. P is the average amount of power sufficient to heat one square meter living room. In this case, it is equal to 100 W / m 2. Variables K1-K7 hide multipliers whose value depends on certain factors that can affect the efficiency of the heating system. You can find their meanings in the table. What is p , you can read in our article.

Table. Correction factors for calculating the power of the heating boiler.

CoefficientWhat does it meanThe values ​​of this coefficient
K1Type of windows in the apartmentFor a single double-glazed window - 1.27, for a two-chamber - 1, for a three-chamber - 0.85
K2Type of external walls in the apartment facing the streetFor concrete - 1.5, for brickwork - 1.1, for it, but with thermal insulation - 0.85
K3The ratio of glazing area to the area of ​​​​the apartmentFor 10% - 0.8, for 20% - 1.0, for 30% - 1.2, for 40% - 1.4
K4Regional coefficient, selected based on the average minimum temperature in JanuaryUp to -10°С - 0.7, -10°С - 0.8, -20°С - 1.0, -25°С - 1.1, -30°С - 1.2, less than -30°С - 1.5
K5The number of walls in the apartment facing the streetOne wall - 1, for a corner apartment - 1.2
K6Type of room above the apartmentFor a residential floor - 0.82, for an insulated attic - 0.91, for a cold one - 1.
K7The height of the ceiling in the apartmentFor 2.5 m - 1.3 m - 1.05, 3.5 m - 1.1

Having multiplied the area of ​​​​the apartment, the value of the average power and the correction factors, it remains to include the last variable in the formula - R. It denotes the reservation of the heating boiler capacity and has a value from 1.15 to 1.25.

A separate issue is the choice of the type of boiler that will heat the apartment. It can be either gas or electric. In this section, we will consider the first option.

To date, gas heating boilers are the most popular among equipment of this class. They perfectly manifest themselves both in private houses and cottages, and in an autonomous heating system in a city apartment. The advantages of gas boilers over other devices include the following.

  1. Cheapness of fuel. To heat an apartment, a house in the private sector or country cottage gas is the most profitable - the price of fuel is relatively low. Therefore, by abandoning centralized heating and switching to a similar heating boiler, you get the opportunity to save a large number of money and quickly recoup all the costs of redevelopment.
  2. Noiselessness- a modern boiler will not interfere with your sleep, rest or household chores.
  3. compactness- a medium-capacity gas-fired heating boiler does not take up too much space. Its dimensions are comparable to one section of a kitchen cabinet.
  4. Functionality- modern automation allows you to have greater freedom of action in setting up the operation of a gas boiler.

But there is such a device and one drawback. It is associated with fuel - a gas boiler is a fire hazardous equipment. Therefore, it is better to entrust the connection to the energy supply to an experienced specialist who has the appropriate permits and approvals and possesses all necessary tools and skills to work with it. What is it and how to install it, you can see on our page.

Gas boilers, in turn, are divided into two main types - single and double-circuit. In the first case, the fuel is burned to heat only the coolant of the heating system and for nothing else. it also supplies you with hot water, from the centralized supply of which you can also refuse in the future.

Consider the device of the boiler shown in the image above. This is a double-circuit heater with separated heat exchangers - the upper one is used to heat the liquid for heating, and the lower one is used for hot water used by the residents of the apartment. The pump creates the desired level of pressure in the line. allows you to compensate for the increase in the volume of liquid in the heating system with increasing temperature. The combustion products formed during the operation of the boiler are discharged into a coaxial chimney. Through it, the fan also takes in air from the street, which is necessary for the functioning of the combustion chamber.

Here you will learn about heating in an apartment building: installation scheme and installation of devices in the room, heating of common areas, how to make gas heating in one-room and two-room apartments.

Taking into account the cost of heat supply services, the most popular topic of discussion among the population today is their quality and options for getting rid of the "guardianship" of managing farms.

If you pay attention to the heating scheme of an apartment in multi-storey buildings, then it is almost the same everywhere:

  1. At the thermal station, in special boilers, the coolant is heated (for multi-storey buildings it is water) to a temperature of +130 -150 degrees.
  2. To avoid the formation of steam, it is further supplied through heating mains under high pressure to residential buildings (you can learn more about it on our website).
  3. Valves are mounted at the entrance of the heating main pipe to the house, allowing you to control the level of water supply to its heating circuit.

The further distribution of the coolant depends on how the heating of the apartment building (residential) is connected, that is, which name:

IMPORTANT! It is on a two-pipe system that you can set and control the heating temperature of radiators. If necessary, it can be reduced, creating significant savings. By the way, a circulation pump will also help save money. About how to choose it correctly and about the principle of operation.

As the practice of recent decades has shown, centralized heating in an apartment has ceased to be a “verdict”, since it has become possible (not for everyone!) to switch to individual heating of housing (read more on our website). In addition, with the help of it it will be possible to carry out heating in the bathroom. Seems like an ideal option, read more about it in the next section.

Heating system

Many residents of high-rise buildings dream of equipping an apartment with their own boiler room or, abandoning the central heating of an apartment in Moscow. According to the law, if the heating system in the house allows it, then the apartment owners can start the refusal procedure (find out on our website). It is important to know how to conduct heating in the apartment and what conditions must be met.

Before you think about what type of heating to install in an apartment, you need to collect everything Required documents to dismantle old equipment. Among them, there should be not only a registration certificate, documents for ownership and an application, but also a new project for installing heating in an apartment.

The latter should be drawn up only after the conclusion of the commission that the apartment can be transferred to autonomous heating without causing damage to the rest of the residents of the house and the centralized heating system as a whole.

IMPORTANT! The refusal procedure can take several months, so you need to be patient, and while walking around the offices, think about how to properly heat the apartment.

Individual heating has its advantages:

  1. Creation of the necessary microclimate.
  2. Regulation of heat supply and its quality.
  3. Turning on the system when you really need it.
  4. Ideal option for heating corner apartments.

But at the same time, one should not forget that although you will no longer have to deal with public utilities, no one is exempted from paying for heating common areas in an apartment building.

Heating option for a two-room apartment (scheme):

Heating of common areas

Heat in the entrances is another burden on the wallets of consumers. Since the stairwells, technical floor, basement or attic are part of a centralized heating system, the heat they receive must be paid for.

Unfortunately, there is often a situation when the batteries in the entrance are warm, but it is cold in it. This is due to the fact that no one took care of reducing heat loss. Poorly closing front doors, lack of glass in the windows of the entrance, all this "eats" the heat, for which the residents themselves have to pay.

In order for the heating to work effectively in the entrance of an apartment building, employees of the heating network should monitor it. In high-rise buildings, batteries are located on the first floor and on all subsequent staircases in special niches.

If the system is outdated, then the heating service is obliged to replace it at its own expense, as well as to carry out other work in preparation for the winter season:

  • insulate windows and balcony doors;
  • replace broken glass;
  • insulate the attic, if any, and the pipeline;
  • check the heating system before starting it;
  • repair the entrance doors and insulate them.

In the event that such work is not carried out and it is cold in the entrance, the tenants have the right to file a complaint against the management company and demand a recalculation for the general house heating.

Basements

As a rule, initially basements in apartment buildings were planned as a place where all nodes of thermal and water communications are collected, ventilation takes place here and the central sewerage of the building is located.

Currently, basements are often rebuilt as cafes, gyms or shops. The heating of the basement of an apartment building is part of a centralized system, which must be supervised by heating network technicians. So that it does not become a "black hole" in the budget of the house, it should be carefully insulated and this should be done, as in the entrance, by the service - the heat supplier.

Residents of the building have the right to check how well the work was done., since it is they who pay all the costs for heat, regardless of whether a common house meter is available or not.

Apartment heating

An apartment with apartment heating is an innovation in new buildings. This term means that the house will not be connected to a centralized heating system.

Such houses began to appear more and more often for several reasons:

  1. The builder saves a lot, since he does not need to draw up a project, coordinate it with the heating network, conduct communication and mount it.
  2. Clients also like this approach of developers. Housing prices are much lower, independence from public utilities and the ability to independently choose how to heat, all this makes the apartment more attractive.

IMPORTANT! Autonomous heating is currently a privilege not only for residents of new buildings, but also for old high-rise buildings. Although obtaining permission is troublesome and sometimes difficult, any owner can insist on his right to decide how to heat his home, even through the courts.

In many modern new buildings, heating is installed in advance in a double-circuit apartment, which is included in its price. This somewhat limits the choice of customers, but on the other hand, gas heating has its advantages.

Heating in the apartment: gas

According to today's statistics, gas is still the cheapest type of heating in the country, and if we compare the prices for centralized heating and autonomous gas, then the latter is 3 times cheaper with the same indoor air heating.

Installing gas heating in an apartment building has the following advantages:

The gas heating device in apartment buildings has a couple of significant drawbacks:

  1. Dependence on the supply of electricity. If there are frequent power outages in the region, then there is a chance to freeze in winter.
  2. The high cost of the system and its installation, although its subsequent operation will more than return all investments.

Before deciding to switch to autonomous gas heating, you should consult with representatives of the heating network and a lawyer, since this type of heating is not allowed in all multi-storey buildings and regions.

Heating in the apartment - photo:





Heating from polypropylene

Modern technologies do not stand still, and when replacing metal pipes, consumers increasingly prefer polypropylene.

Even a beginner can rebuild the heating in an apartment with his own hands from polypropylene, having the equipment necessary for this.

This type of pipe has its advantages:

  1. They have a high level of thermal insulation, which gives additional safety when the coolant is too hot.
  2. Polypropylene pipes are practically not subject to chemical, mechanical and corrosive influences.
  3. It is easy to work with this material, it is enough to have a special soldering iron on hand.
  4. This type of pipe is not afraid of temperature changes and easily tolerates freezing of the heating system.

IMPORTANT! When deciding to install, for example, independent heating of a 2-room apartment using polypropylene pipes, it must be remembered that they are not compatible with all heat sources. Most often they are installed when installing gas or.

Based on the above, the following conclusion can be drawn:


As for heating in the toilet in the apartment, the following option is possible here - installing a warm infrared floor.

A very important question is also about what are they and why use them? Find out in detail on our website.

Heating in an apartment building in the modern world is a choice that each tenant can decide on his own.

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, as they do not have to think about maintaining it, turning it on or off. However, in recent years, more and more residents are inclined to equip their own independent heating in the apartment. high-rise building, as they face many problems caused by insufficiently efficient and conscientious work of housing and communal services. So, the coolant temperature set in the central boiler room is not always satisfied. For example, it is warm enough outside, and the batteries are hot to such an extent that you have to open all the windows wide open. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are a little warm, and harsh frosts suddenly set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergency situations in the entire system, up to the boiler house and heating mains. So, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply line deprives several houses of heating at once. Such a moment is especially unpleasant at the peak of winter cold.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring periods, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet been started, and the apartment is cold. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay rather big sums for electricity.

Those who decide to take control of the heat supply of their homes under their own control, having equipped individual heating, as a rule, have a lot of questions. Therefore, further, various nuances associated with such a transition will be considered.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Before proceeding directly to action, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides to its owners. But no less valuable is information about the difficulties that will be encountered in its arrangement and operation.

So, the presence in the apartment of a heating system independent of the heat supply line provides the following advantages:

  • The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of common work general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn day and night temperatures vary significantly. Yes, and summer, as we know, is able to present "surprises". The central heating system is switched on according to the standard schedule. There are also emergency launches, but it always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

  • The ability to set the most comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season. Everyone knows that apartments located in the end part of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utilities do not always take into account these factors, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual likes it warmer, and for another, such a microclimate in an apartment seems unacceptably hot.

  • Autonomous heating system can be easily adjusted to the desired mode of operation. For example, if homeowners are absent from home all day, then there is no need to “drive” the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and upon arrival home, the temperature of the coolant can be increased.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with operating mode programming systems that can be set both according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and working days. For example, by the time the owners come home from work or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the rooms to the most comfortable level.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

  • Payment for heating will also be significantly reduced due to lower energy consumption, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are tuned for minimal energy consumption and its most efficient use - they have a high efficiency, reaching up to 95 ÷ 100%.
  • By choosing a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to refuse not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, the apartment will always have hot water, regardless of whether preventive work is carried out in the heating network in the summer or not.
  • Another important factor The cost savings is that payment for heating will only be made in the winter when the system is actually in operation. The fact is that you will have to pay only for an electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of the boiler). There is an opportunity to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. For central heating, you usually have to pay year-round.

However, in order to transfer an apartment to independent heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through a lot of bureaucratic formalities. They can be attributed to the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

  • All work carried out must be agreed with the relevant organizations and carried out in accordance with established rules. Unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs for the provided central heating services, and also threatens to impose a large fine on the owner of the housing.
  • Paperwork both for turning off central communications, and for drawing up a project, as well as installing autonomous equipment, will require a lot of time, patience and money.
  • If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an effective ventilation system, as well as a chimney.

  • Installation work on the installation of a gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on their own - and this also entails additional costs.
  • In addition to the costs of installation work, the reconstruction will require considerable costs both for paperwork and the purchase of all necessary equipment.
  • Responsibility for the safe operation of autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive work is the responsibility of homeowners. Control over the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists of the relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather high costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Behind long years operation, these investments will certainly pay off. and even several times. And the most favorable microclimate for the owners will always be maintained in the apartment.

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

The first thing to consider when starting a reconstruction is the timing of paperwork. Therefore, if it is planned to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must be started in advance. So, practice shows that permits are issued and "wander through the authorities" within three to five months. Installation work can begin only after all permits have been received, and they will take several days.

Approval and obtaining permits

It is necessary to start this whole lengthy process by clarifying the list of documents required for drafting a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises." This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment in apartments of multi-storey buildings should be carried out in accordance with established requirements and in agreement with local governments. To obtain approval, a package is collected, consisting of the following documents:

  • Application-petition for redevelopment of residential premises. The standard form of this petition is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
  • A copy of the certificate of the right to own housing, certified by a notary, is an agreement on transferring it to ownership or the right to inherit.
  • Also, a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment certified by a public notary.
  • Designed housing redevelopment project.
  • A copy of the document, which indicates all the tenants registered in this apartment.
  • Consent to the redevelopment of the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating the full name and year of birth. Opposite their name, each of them must put a personal signature, which confirms the consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
  • If the house in which the apartment is located belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization involved in the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When addressing the collected package to local authorities, the owner of the apartment should know that they are not entitled to demand additional documents from him that are not provided for by the above article. Having handed over the package for approval, in return for it, the owner of the apartment must receive a receipt, which will list all the documents contained in it.

Further, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative region, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame during which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned answer.

Consideration of the application and the issuance of a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the conclusion issued by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

The ban on redevelopment of housing may be due to the deterioration of the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This moment is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 dated September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a project for the redevelopment of the living quarters. Before the project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the controlling gas and heat supply organizations to disconnect from the central communication systems and install autonomous gas equipment. If permission is obtained, then a project is drawn up for the reconstruction of the premises and the installation of an autonomous heating system. The finished project is coordinated with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except for the project itself, must be prepared in advance, as they will need to be presented in all instances that affect the drafting of the project.

Documentation is issued in the following order:

  • The first step will be to visit the city or district heating networks. In this organization, you must obtain permission to turn off the apartment from central heating. A permit document can be obtained if the disconnection of communications from a particular apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the entire house or the apartments located next to it. There can be no other justification for refusal.

In some cases, the application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing department.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then it is worth contacting the courts with this document to resolve this conflict.

  • Having received a positive conclusion from the heating systems, you can go with it to the gas service of the city or district. There it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for the installation of stand-alone equipment. This document must be completed within ten calendar days from the date of application.
  • When both permits are obtained, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport with technical specifications. The project will take into account all the submitted data, including the technical conditions for the organization of autonomous heating.

In order to get acquainted with the requirements that regulatory organizations impose when issuing permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" clause 6.2 "Individual heating systems".

If there is no possibility or desire to independently solve the problems of permits with design organizations, then their execution can be entrusted to the design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, this process is handled by one of the departments of the gas service. These Additional services, of course, are already provided for a fee.

Drafting a project

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas sector. Given them, you must independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the point of view of the owner) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - the exact place where the boiler will be installed can be determined by specialists after they study the floor plan of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the premises will be reorganized, and then the heating equipment will be installed. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the convenience of its operation will depend on how correctly it will be developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information that characterizes the heating system being created:

  • The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
  • The main technical and operational characteristics of the building.
  • Energy carriers that can be used for the functioning of autonomous heating.
  • The characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment are their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
  • financial side of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required heat output are determined.

Specialists of design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also economical to the maximum. If the organizations that will subsequently approve the documentation are developing projects themselves, then it is best to take this opportunity and entrust the development of it to them. In this case, there will be no possibility that serious errors or omissions will be made in the document.

However, whoever is entrusted with the task of compiling the project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that in the process of work, several options for redevelopment are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he chooses the most optimal of them - already from the point of view of the owner of the apartment. The parameters of the heater, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for the installation of the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is being developed in stages:

  • The first step is to consider the sketch of the equipment location provided by the customer. If the owner of the apartment has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a specialist designer.
  • Further, the paths for laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, the developer must be warned about this in advance.
  • The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
  • An estimate is being made.

Specialists responsible for a particular area of ​​operation of the heating system will definitely take part in the drafting of the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different aspects of the project implementation:

  • Descriptive part. It provides data on the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several subsections:

- the location of the apartment in the construction of the house;

- features of the layout of the apartment and the location of living rooms.

This section specifies where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or from its end, regional climate features are indicated. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

  • Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, it indicates optimum temperature its heating, which will provide comfortable conditions in all areas of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (as a rule, a double-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also defines possible heat losses during room heating. And on the basis of the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All calculated data reflect graphic scheme, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will become a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all of these parameters must be strictly observed when conducting and installation work. Otherwise, the commission accepting the system into operation may simply not allow its launch.

  • Specification. This part of the project provides information on all the necessary components and materials for the installation of the heating system. The same section may include a drawing-scheme, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when acquiring everything necessary for the assembly of the heating system, and then - when bringing its installation.

  • IN Lately the project is often supplemented by a graphic representation of what should be the result. This part of the project helps to visualize how the heating system will look after it is installed. The image is made using computer programs usually in 3D projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company that will control the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You may be interested in information about what is

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of an apartment who decides to transfer it to autonomous heating is the choice of a boiler according to the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 04/16/12, which refers to heat supply systems, identifies devices that do not meet the established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be chosen - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for the conditions of the apartment, more economical and safer?

To answer these questions, we can briefly consider their characteristic features.

A gas boiler

For autonomous apartment heating, gas boilers are often used. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to maintain safety as well as the efficiency of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

  • The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
  • Automatic shutdown of the gas supply should be provided in the following cases:

- when the burner flame goes out;

- in case of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

- in the event of a power outage;

- when the gas supply pressure drops below the limit value:

- when the coolant overheats above the established norm;

- in the presence of malfunctions in the chimney system.

  • The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should not exceed 95 degrees.
  • The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single and double-circuit, for example,. As mentioned above, the former are designed only for heating the apartment, and the latter - both for space heating and for heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, zealous owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device in it. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of the type of boiler at the location, as they are floor or wall. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, wall-mounted options are most often preferred, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-mounted boilers have a fairly compact size and neat exterior design. They practically do not differ in appearance from conventional gas boilers. The chimney from the heating gas unit is brought out into the street through the outer wall of the house, therefore, this particular wall or adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window next to which the boiler is hung often immediately solves the issue of ventilation of the room.

The wall-mounted boiler has ample power to heat a standard-sized apartment.

If funds permit, a condensing boiler should be preferred. It is more efficient and economical in operation - it implements an additional selection of thermal power due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products of natural gas. The gain in useful power compared to a conventional boiler with equal consumption of "blue fuel" is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply - which one to choose?

A wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a “cruel joke” with the consumer - significantly complicate the choice of a suitable model. What parameters should be considered Special attention Which models are better to give preference to? About all this in a separate - in a separate publication of our portal.

Arrangement of a room for the installation of a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the entire house will depend on its proper arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room of the apartment, guided by some of your own master's interests. The premises must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following points:

  • The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
  • The area of ​​the room must be at least 4 m².
  • The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
  • The room must have a window facing the street.
  • The unit is hung on a wall or installed on the floor, at a distance of at least 300 mm from another gas-powered appliance, such as a stove.
  • It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the columns, to the general house ventilation system. The pipe must be brought outside through the outer wall. The most convenient in this respect is the use of coaxial chimneys with forced air intake and exhaust of combustion products.
  • Some gas boilers with high power require the installation of forced ventilation in the room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If such a requirement is indicated in the technical conditions for arranging a room for installing a specific boiler model, then a fan of the appropriate capacity will have to be inserted into the window.
  • The wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor version of the device is usually lined with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act of permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can conclude that the gas boiler can be installed in the kitchen or in the loggia associated with it. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for the installation of gas equipment, since the gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen room of the apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general ventilation channels pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging a room for a “mini-boiler room”.

Gas boiler prices

a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, it is much easier to install an electric heating option, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on a wall.

The main thing to consider when choosing the area for installing equipment is the possibility of connecting a heating circuit to it, as well as supplying a power supply line of the required power. The presence of a ventilation system, as well as pipes for the removal of combustion products, is not required.

If it is decided to choose an electric heating option, then before starting the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply for disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this application to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the self-government organization. The administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, for the installation of electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment from electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular case:

  • Installation of an electric boiler with connection to a classic heating circuit with a coolant circulating in it.
  • Direct heating from separately installed convector appliances
  • Fixed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
  • Underfloor heating system using a heating cable or infrared film.
  • Several different electrical appliances used in the complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating with an electric boiler

If it is intended to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only by disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electrical unit, the coolant is heated and enters the closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again for heating. To make the circulation of the coolant more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump is built into the system.

Modern electric boilers are equipped with automatic control. Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific coolant temperature, but also for a specific mode of operation by hours and days of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at the time and with the heat output that is beneficial to the owners of the home.

In specialized stores, wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW are presented, as well as floor-standing options that have a much higher power of 60 kW or more.

To determine which of the models in terms of power to choose will help the specialists producing in the preparation of the project. The choice of the unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of window frames installed, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, although these can be argued with.

If it is necessary to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or more to heat housing, then you will have to re-equip the apartment's electrical network - start a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A unit with a larger capacity may only be installed with the approval of the home maintenance utility. But, as a rule, once we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a power of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, one of the utility rooms or in the hallway. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) can be placed hidden - remove them into the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers are completely miniature. For example, electrode-type units are distinguished by their compactness. That is, finding the best place for them will be even easier. You may be interested in information about how they have proven themselves

You can talk a lot about electric boilers, since they are represented by several types that differ even in the principle of conversion electrical energy into thermal. But it is better to read about it in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose one?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and management, high performance. A special article of our portal will help to understand the diversity and even independently calculate the required power.

Priceselectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option includes heating from separately located electric heaters or a “warm floor” system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as radiators that, according to the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a system of cable or film infrared "warm floor". The simplest and most affordable, both in terms of price and complexity of installation, is the film version. It can be equipped with ordinary linoleum or laminate and does not require hiding with a screed.

When used for heating two different types heating devices, they can be combined into one system for ease of management by connecting to a common control and management unit. With the help of automation, temperature regimes can be set on different time days, as well as the days of the week. If there is no desire to complicate the heating settings, then the system can also be adjusted manually by setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the “warm floor” thermostat. This option is convenient in that you can set different temperatures in each of the rooms.

You may be interested in information on how

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Let's sum up the electric independent heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the source of energy, then in order to ensure safety, it is necessary to equip a ground loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue a permit for the operation of autonomous heating.

Electric heating, unlike gas, is a safer option. Compared to central heating, it also has the advantage of being able to precisely set the desired temperature, as well as paying only when it is actually used.

The disadvantage of heating from the power supply can be called the fact that if the electricity is turned off for any reason, the apartment will remain not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, power outage is a constant phenomenon, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very "expensive pleasure", especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if, nevertheless, it is the electric option that is chosen, then you should listen to the recommendations of experts:

  • For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the switchboard.
  • For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential machine. They are designed to protect against damage in case of current leakage to the body of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
  • In order to save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night grace hours or at weekend rates, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of installation work on the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists of companies that provide heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the masters will be the following actions:

  • Temporary shutdown of house central heating mains.
  • Cutting the heating circuit or heating radiators from the risers with the subsequent restoration of the integrity of these risers.
  • Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heater.
  • Testing the installed system.

These rules are in place to ensure the safety of both the owners of a particular apartment and the residents of the entire building.

On your own (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers) you can install pipes and install heating batteries if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth taking on such work if you have good skills in conducting plumbing installation operations. At the same time, the assembly of a new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the scheme attached to the design documents, with strict observance of the specification and all other parameters of the system being created.

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Before you decide to reconstruct the heating and hot water supply in the apartment, refusing the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you need to carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the cost of arrangement and the possibility of savings in the operation of an autonomous system. After weighing all the pros & cons, you can make the final decision.

By the way, we should not forget that, alas, you still have to pay for general house heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that came earlier monthly and year-round.

You might be interested in knowing what is

Finally - a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for more than a year, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages. learn from the link.

Video: Autonomous heating in the apartment - "pros" and "cons"


Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Publication author 19.08.2018