The attitude of Pavel Petrovich to the aristocracy. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Triune didactic goal

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

Lesson summary teacher of the Russian language and literature of the MBOU "Arkh-Golitsinskaya secondary school" Mikheeva Lyudmila Nikolaevna.

year 2014

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov.(based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

Goals : 1. Improve the ability of students to compose comparative characteristic characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the heroes of the work. 3. Develop students' thinking, oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.

Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation "Fathers and Sons".

During the classes.

1. Orgmoment.
2. Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson.(On the screen - a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time demands to capture modernity in its coming images; You can't be too late." In his works, he "caught" something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in the lesson we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you made a comparative description of the images of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work on the table.

Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.

The conflict of generations ... This problem is relevant at all times. - In what works is this problem considered? (Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", A. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm", etc.) In the middle of the 19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply escalated. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.

Which of the characters in the novel oppose each other?

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)

Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin ...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.

1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal conservative. E. Bazarov - the son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, a medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, raznochinets, democrat-nihilist.

2.Portrait. Bazarov- "tall in a long hoodie with tassels." The face is “long and thin, with a broad forehead, flat top, pointed nose, large green eyes and drooping sand-coloured sideburns ...” He has “bare red hands.”

P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance "gloss and panache", appearance "graceful and thoroughbred", beautiful hands long pink nails.

3. Speech - P.P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, often distorts Russian words in a foreign manner (principles, etc.) E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, the speech is common people, often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)

1. There are many differences between the characters, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.

- What are our heroes arguing about?

1. On the relationship to the nobility

P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force. The significance of the aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of dignity and self-respect. Their self-respect is important as society is built on the individual

E. Bazarov. The talk about the fact that the aristocracy gave England freedom - "The Old Song", a lot has changed since the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich's reference cannot serve as an argument. From the aristocracy there is no benefit to anyone, their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting on their hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocracy is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.

2. About the principle of activity of nihilists

Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of "everything" in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as a brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals

E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, proceeding from the principle of the usefulness of activity for society. They deny social order, that is, autocracy, religion, such is the meaning of the word "ALL". Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is busy with is hardly going to be useful; this phrase contains a hint of the reforms being prepared. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of change social status. Denial is perceived by new people as an activity, not chatter.

3. About the attitude towards the people

P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, cherish traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with an English-style way of life) speak of reactionaryism. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees in this the guarantee of the salvation of society.

E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes in Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas folk life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what would later become a creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like "liberalism", "progress". Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the ignorance and superstition of the people. These shortcomings he despises. However, Bazarov sees not only the oppression, but also the discontent of the people.

4. About views on art

P. Kirsanov. The new Wanderers are abandoning frozen academic traditions, blindly following the old models, including those of Raphael. The Wandering artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. The new artists are "powerless and barren to the point of disgust".

E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: "Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him."

Who wins the argument?

Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his "principles" in such a humiliating way? (We must respect other people's opinions, age ..)

5. Attitude towards love.(slide "Scene of declaration of love by E. Bazarov to A. Odintsova")

P.P. Kirsanov has always enjoyed success with women, he was envied by men. He led active image life, but everything changed in an instant when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at the ball and fell passionately in love with. The princess quickly lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy, began to chase her around the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, turned gray and lost interest in life.

Bazarov, on the other hand, treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his whole life on the card of female love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov ... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiology, as the hero assumed, this feeling shocks and injures. In words, he denied love, but in reality life forced her to recognize.
For Bazarov, a similar drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.

6. Lifestyle, interests.

There are disagreements between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov's point of view, "reading Pushkin is a waste of time, making music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous." Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature, music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul, distracts from work. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov says to Odintsova: “You don’t assume that I have an artistic meaning - yes, I really don’t have it, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov is trying to debunk the inactive "principles", does not accept illusory daydreaming, refusing the achievements of culture ("Rafael is not worth a penny") and perceiving nature utilitarianly.
Kirsanov and Bazarov each have their own opinion.
Bazarov is an enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for a science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his beloved profession.

7. Attitude towards each other.

Bazarov should not forget about respect for the older generation. He crosses out the whole life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.

4. Summing up the lesson.

- Is there a winner in the dispute?

Did the characters want to find the truth or just sort things out?

Whose side do you think the author is on? I. S. Turgenev refers himself to the generation of "fathers", trying to convey to us the idea of important role"old people" in the past and present of Russia. It is impossible to deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of ​​finding some kind of compromise between generations.

5. Grading.

6. Homework.Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "Death of Bazarov".

A prominent representative and defender of the older generation is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The novel is structured in such a way that the "fathers" give in to the "children" and Pavel Petrovich does not emerge victorious from disputes with Bazarov. At the same time, Turgenev had a certain intent. In a letter to Sluchevsky on April 14, 1862, he says: “Bazarov constantly breaks Pavel Petrovich, and not vice versa ... My whole story is directed against the nobility, as an advanced class ... An aesthetic feeling made me take precisely good representatives of the nobility in order to prove my topic: if cream is bad, what about milk ... Nikolai Petrovich is me, Ogarev and thousands of others, Pavel Petrovich is Stolypin, Esakov, Bosset are also our contemporaries. They are the best of the nobles - and that is why I have chosen them to prove their failure. Indeed, Pavel Petrovich has many qualities that make him "the best of the nobles." There is a lot of natural gentlemanship in him. He himself declares with pride that he is "known to everyone as a liberal and progressive person." He defends art, poetry, demands that every person should have ideals and principles. He is a smart man, incapable of getting bogged down in the petty interests of the provincial nobility, whom he treated with disdain. He was respected by both the older and younger generations, especially for his "irreproachable honesty." Household squabbles made him sad, and he casually provided financial assistance to his brother Nikolai Petrovich, whose economy, recently established on new way, "creaked like an unoiled wheel." This gentleman has a lot in common with "superfluous people", with the Onegins and the Lavretskys. And the results of his life are the same as theirs. This is an “extra person” in a new environment, useless, bored and yearning, but already with an admixture of anger, as he feels that he is being turned on. New people came and shook his chambers. Like many "superfluous people" Kirsanov ruined his life thanks to failed love. He spent this life on a romantic feeling and lived out his days alone in the village, being known among the local ladies as a "charming melancholic."
This old type of "superfluous man" with his melancholy, gentlemanly, progressive and humane views acquires in "Fathers and Sons" the new kind before the merciless trial of Bazarov. Raznochinets roughly exposed what was hidden in the poetry of the old nobility. Bazarov does not appreciate either their lovesickness or their humane treatment of the peasants. Here is the summary of Bazarov’s life of Kirsanov: “A man who put his whole life on the card of female love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man, but a male . You say that he is unhappy: you should know better; but not all the crap came out of it. I am sure that he is not jokingly imagining himself a practical person, because he reads Galinyashka and once a month he will save the peasant from execution. So Turgenev condemned through the mouth of Bazarov those about whom he said: "It's me, Ogarev, my contemporaries."

EUGENE
BAZAROV AND PAVEL KIRSANOV IN I.S.
TURGENEV "FATHERS AND CHILDREN"