Complete assignments for group work.

1) Make a list of water bodies in your region.

There are up to 2,000 rivers and streams, of which 323 are more than 10 km long. The rivers of the Moscow region belong entirely to the Volga basin.

The largest rivers in the Moscow region are the Oka and Moscow with their tributaries. The third major river in the Klyazma region.

Rivers: Moscow, Yauza, Klyazma, Setun, Skhodnya, Khimka.
Lakes: Beloe, Kosinskie lakes, Svyatoe (lake, Moscow), Trostenskoe, Nerskoe, Krugloye
Swamps: Black, Great, Holy, Oak

2) Fill in the tables.

Table 1. Description of the river.

Description plan Basic information
1. Title
Moscow is a river
2. Where is the source of the river on the Smolensk - Moscow Upland in the Starkov bog
3. Which current: fast or slow slow flow
4. Tributaries Skhodnya, Beggar, Khimka, Kotlovka, Chura, Cockroach
5. Where does the river flow into the Oka river on the territory of the city of Kolomna
6. How the river changes into different times of the year freezes in November - December, opens in March - April
7. Plants and animals of the river birch, meadow grasses, perch, roach, bream, bleak
8. Human use of the river for water supply of the city
9. How people influence the river the river is polluted by sewage and waste from factories
10. What are people doing to protect the river there are treatment facilities, monitor the level of pollution

Table 2. Description of Moscow - rivers

Description plan Basic information
1. Title
Moscow is a river
2. General characteristics length 473 km, location - middle river in Central Russia, in the Moscow region, Moscow and, for a short distance, in the Smolensk region, the left tributary of the Oka (Volga basin)
3. The nature of the channel, width winding, from 80 to 120 m
4. Coastal flora birch groves, forests, meadows
5. Fish resources 35 types of fish: roach, bream
6. Economic value water supply, transport
7. Tourism and recreation walks, excursions, fishing
8. The beauty of the river your impression

Use the tutorial to make a diagram.

The value of water resources in nature and human life

Using the diagram, explain the importance of water resources.

Think about what environmental concerns are expressed by these signs. Formulate and write down.

Water pollution industrial waste

Pollution of water resources with garbage and human waste products

Entry into rivers and lakes together with groundwater chemical substances, such as fertilizers and pesticides from the fields
Water pollution with gasoline and engine oil when washing cars in rivers

Suggest conservation measures for class discussion that can help solve these problems.

The Ant Question and the Wise Turtle ask you to write a letter to your peers from other cities and villages, urging you to take care of water resources. In your letter, try to prove that water resources in every corner of the country need protection.

Boys and girls! Everything water resources(rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, streams) are the most important wealth of our planet. Net drinking water essential for the life of people, animals and plants. Life is impossible without water! The water is home to many fish and other animals that participate in a variety of food chains... In addition, people have learned to use water resources in their economic activities. Protect water resources: keep the water clean, clear springs and streams, protect plants and animals. Save water!

The Oryol Region has a well-developed river network. However, most of the Oryol rivers are either sources large rivers, or their small tributaries. In the territory Oryol region are the sources of the largest rivers of the European part of Russia - Oka, Don and Dnieper. Therefore, the Oryol region is geographic center feeding the most important river systems of the European part of Russia. On its territory, the surface runoff of the rivers of the Volga basin is formed. The catchments of the rivers are separated by two watersheds. The first runs from the town of Maloarkhangelsk to the north to the village of Alekseevka, then to the northeast to the Verkhovye station and to the village of Pankovo. This hilly area is a watershed between the rivers Oka, Zusha with its tributary Neruch and the Sosnaya river with its tributary Trudy. In the central part of the region there are elevated hills, which represent the watershed of the Oka and Zushi rivers, which in its southern part in the Maloarkhangelsk region connects with the watersheds of the Oka and Sosna, Oka and Desna. The second watershed between the basins of the Oka and Desna rivers is located in the southwestern part. The Oka basin occupies 60% of the region's territory; it includes 1377 rivers and streams. The Don basin includes 529 watercourses, the Dnieper - 195. The water fund of the region includes over 2,100 watercourses total length 9154 km, including - about 180 watercourses with a length of 10 or more kilometers and with a total length of over 4000 km The large rivers of the Oryol region - Oka and Zusha are used to generate electricity. On the river Oka has a hydroelectric power station Shakhovskaya with a capacity of 510 kW, on the river Zusha - Novosilskaya (210 kW) and Lykovskaya (760 kW). The construction of dams at these power plants significantly affected the ecology of some fish species inhabiting the Oka and Zusha. The longest and most abundant rivers in the region are: Oka (average annual runoff at the border with the Tula region -2058 million m3); R. Zusha (tributary of the Oka, average annual flow - 988.6 million m3); R. Pine (a tributary of the Don, the average annual flow at the border with the Lipetsk region is 687.0 million m3). In the southeastern part of the region, there are the basins of the Navli and Nerussa rivers flowing into the Desna (a tributary of the Dnieper river), with a total annual flow of 210 million m3. The relief of the area determines the slow, calm flow of rivers. The rivers Zusha, Sosna and a number of other smaller rivers, due to the significant difference in heights, have a rather rapid flow. Climatic factors affect the amount of surface runoff of the Oryol rivers. atmospheric precipitation, seasonal air temperature and humidity. In addition, the relief of the area, the geological structure of the underlying rocks, swampy watersheds and the presence of forest areas have some influence on the amount of runoff. Great importance in the formation of surface runoff has economic activity human and technogenic load on landscapes [ Natural resources, 2002]. The regional water fund is replenished through the creation of reservoirs and ponds that accumulate the runoff of the spring flood. The water quality of many ponds is improved by numerous springs that feed the ponds, preventing them from drying out and improving flow. In total, there are more than 1730 ponds in the region with a total area of ​​2800-3000 hectares. [Blinnikov V.I. et al., 1989; Fedorov A. V., 1960]. Of these, as of 01.09.2005, the Administration of the Oryol Region approved a list of fishing grounds. This list includes 608 reservoirs with a total area of ​​5105.6 hectares. Table 1 shows the distribution of reservoirs intended for fish farming by districts of the region.

The Oryol Region has a well-developed river network. However, most of the Oryol rivers are either the sources of large rivers, or their small tributaries. On the territory of the Oryol region are the sources of the largest rivers of the European part of Russia - the Oka, Don and Dnieper. Therefore, the Oryol region is a geographic feeding center for the most important river systems of the European part of Russia. On its territory, the surface runoff of the rivers of the Volga basin is formed. The catchments of the rivers are separated by two watersheds. The first runs from the town of Maloarkhangelsk to the north to the village of Alekseevka, then to the northeast to the Verkhovye station and to the village of Pankovo. This hilly area is a watershed between the Oka, Zusha rivers with its Neruch tributary and the Sosnaya river with the Trudy river tributary. In the central part of the region there are elevated hills, which represent the watershed of the Oka and Zushi rivers, which in its southern part in the Maloarkhangelsk region is connected with the watersheds of the Oka and Sosna, Oka and Desna. The second watershed between the basins of the Oka and Desna rivers is located in the southwestern part. The Oka basin occupies 60% of the region's territory; it includes 1377 rivers and streams. The Don basin includes 529 watercourses, the Dnieper - 195. The water fund of the region has more than 2,100 watercourses with a total length of 9,154 km, including about 180 watercourses with a length of 10 or more kilometers and with a total length of over 4,000 km. Large rivers of the Oryol region - Oka and Zusha are used to generate electricity. On the river Oka has a hydroelectric power station Shakhovskaya with a capacity of 510 kW, on the river Zusha - Novosilskaya (210 kW) and Lykovskaya (760 kW). The construction of dams at these power plants significantly affected the ecology of some fish species inhabiting the Oka and Zusha. The longest and most abundant rivers in the region are: Oka (average annual runoff at the border with the Tula region -2058 million m3); R. Zusha (tributary of the Oka, average annual flow - 988.6 million m3); R. Pine (a tributary of the Don, the average annual flow at the border with the Lipetsk region is 687.0 million m3). In the southeastern part of the region, there are the basins of the Navli and Nerussa rivers flowing into the Desna (a tributary of the Dnieper river), with a total annual flow of 210 million m3. The relief of the area determines the slow, calm flow of rivers. The rivers Zusha, Sosna and a number of other smaller rivers, due to the significant difference in altitude, have a rather rapid flow. The magnitude of the surface runoff of the Oryol rivers is influenced by climatic factors - the amount of precipitation, seasonal air temperature and humidity. In addition, the relief of the area, the geological structure of the underlying rocks, swampy watersheds and the presence of forest areas have some influence on the amount of runoff. Human economic activity and technogenic load on landscapes are of great importance in the formation of surface runoff [Natural resources, 2002]. The regional water fund is replenished through the creation of reservoirs and ponds that accumulate the runoff of the spring flood. The water quality of many ponds is improved by numerous springs that feed the ponds, preventing them from drying out and improving flow. In total, there are more than 1730 ponds in the region with a total area of ​​2800-3000 hectares. [Blinnikov V.I. et al., 1989; Fedorov A. V., 1960]. Of these, as of 01.09.2005, the Administration of the Oryol Region approved the list of fishing grounds. This list includes 608 reservoirs with a total area of ​​5105.6 hectares. Table 1 shows the distribution of reservoirs intended for fish farming by districts of the region.

When asked what is the fast or slow current of the Volga, asked by the author Adelina Kuasheva the best answer is The nature of the Volga flow

Features of lowland rivers

2. Slow flow rate
3. Wide shallow valley
Direction of flow





The place of separation of the Akhtuba branch is sometimes taken as the beginning of the Volga delta. It is more correct, however, to start counting the delta from the point of separation of the Buzan branch. From here the Volga is split into a dense network of branches and channels. The Volga delta is one of the largest deltas in our country. Numerous branches, channels, islands, lakes (here called ilmens and poloi) and sand ridges (Berovskie hillocks) occupy a total of over 13,000 km2.

Answer from Neurologist[guru]
When we go up it is slow, but when we go down it is fast


Answer from Alexandra Gurgaeva[newbie]
The current at the Volga is slow


Answer from Affix[guru]
The average speed of the current is low - from 2 to 6 km / h.


Answer from Road[guru]
The Volga is a flat river, the current is slow.


Answer from Marina Loginova[newbie]
The Volga is flat.
therefore the flow is slow


Answer from Vika balandina[newbie]
slow


Answer from Elizaveta Viktorovna[newbie]
average


Answer from Olga Afanasyeva[newbie]
anger54ennequapawwakuv45


Answer from Ksunchic Richkova[newbie]
The Volga is a flat river, which means that it has slow flow.


Answer from Maxim Goncharov[active]
The nature of the Volga flow
The Volga is a typical flat river.
Features of lowland rivers
1. Small difference in height between mouth and source
2. Slow flow rate
3. Wide shallow valley
Direction of flow
The main direction of the Volga is to the south.
Flowing within the East European Plain, the Volga is a classic example of a plain river. Its longitudinal profile is close to the so-called equilibrium profile. The average slope is only 0.06 ° / oo. The drop is especially small in the lower reaches, where it does not exceed 0.02 ° / oo. According to the size and nature of the current, the Volga is usually divided into three parts: the upper course (Upper Volga) - from the source to Shcherbakov, the middle current ( Middle Volga) - from the city of Shcherbakov to the mouth of the Kama and the lower reaches ( Lower Volga) - from the confluence of the Kama to the mouth.
IN upstream, within the Valdai Upland, the Volga passes through the chain of the Upper Volga lakes - Verkhit, Sterzh, Vselug, Peno and Volgo. At the source of the lake. In the middle of the last century (1843), a dam was built on the Volga - the Verkhnevolzhsky beishlot - designed to enhance the river's supply during low water and maintain navigable depths. Major tributaries Upper Volga - Selizharovka, Tverda, Mologa and Sheksna. During the Stalinist five-year plans, the Upper Volga was reconstructed, that is, radically rebuilt. Three powerful hydroelectric power plants have been built here: Ivankovskaya, Uglichskaya and Shcherbakovskaya. The dams of these hydroelectric power stations turned the Upper Volga into a chain of reservoir lakes, among which the Rybinsk reservoir is the largest in the world. Water: this reservoir flooded the lower reaches of pp. Mologa and Shcheksny and the entire Molo-Sheksna interfluve.
In the middle reaches, downstream of Shcherbakov, the river becomes even more full-flowing; here a number of large tributaries, the most important of which are Oka, Unzha, Vetluga and Sura. The regime of the middle course of the river has changed significantly and is highly dependent on releases from the Rybinsk reservoir. Below the confluence of the Kama, which in terms of its water content is almost equal to the Volga itself, the latter becomes especially full-flowing. The valley is 20-30 km wide. In the area of ​​Kuibyshev, the Volga, bending around the Zhigulevskie mountains, forms a giant bend - Samara onion, where the valley narrows to 2-W km. The asymmetrical structure of the valley is characteristic: the right bank is everywhere high and steep, and the left bank is gentle and low. The valley expands especially strongly below Stalingrad. Here the Volga on the left separates the first arm - r. Akhtuba, which then flows as an independent stream parallel to the main channel of the Volga.
The vast space between the Volga and: Akhtuba, cut by numerous channels and old rivers, is called the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Spills within the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain reach 20-30 km. The Lower Volga receives only relatively small tributaries: Samara, Bolshoi Irgiz and Eruslan.
The place of separation of the Akhtuba branch is sometimes taken as the beginning of the Volga delta. It is more correct, however, to start counting the delta from the point of separation of the Buzan branch. From here the Volga is split into a dense network of branches and channels. The Volga delta is one of the largest deltas in our country. Numerous branches, channels, islands, lakes (here called ilmens and poloi) and sand ridges (Berovskie hillocks) occupy a total of over 13,000 km2.