Make an exam in Russian. Theory in Russian
The Unified State Examination in Russian is one of two mandatory exams; in order to get a certificate, preparation is needed long before the exam.
Changes in KIM USE 2019 in Russian:
- The number of tasks in the examination paper has been increased from 26 to 27 due to the introduction of a new task (21), which tests the ability to conduct punctuation analysis of the text.
- The format of tasks 2, 9–12 has been changed.
- The range of tested spelling and punctuation skills has been expanded.
- The level of difficulty of individual tasks has been clarified.
- The wording of task 27 with a detailed answer has been clarified. The criteria for assessing task 27 have been clarified.
Preparation for the exam in the Russian language
- Training tasks needed for practice. Solve daily tasks with answers online. For this, more than 10 exercises on each topic have been collected. will help in learning what is enough for a solution. The algorithm for completing the task is given - what you need to know. Presented video lesson with detailed analysis.
- Works. Until April, you need to write one essay on each possible topic (love, war, indifference, loyalty, responsiveness, moral and philosophical concepts, and so on). At least once a week, pick up arguments and build your own bank of arguments.
Through training, you will be able to:
- Restore in memory the material studied in the framework of school curriculum;
- Reveal and address gaps in knowledge;
- Define which task is simple for you, and which is difficult, and give it maximum attention;
- Bring to automatism solving some parts of the task or the whole task;
What you need to pay attention to:
- All tasks are given 3.5 hours (210 minutes).
- Only a pen is allowed for the exam.
- There are more tasks this year: instead of 26, there are 27.
- And the task structure was divided into 2 parts:
Part 1 contains 26 tasks with a short answer in the form of a number or a word (several words), written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
The main topics of tasks for training:
- Speech. Text
- Vocabulary and phraseology
- Speech. Spelling norms
- Speech. Punctuation norms
- Speech. Language norms
- Speech. The expressiveness of Russian speech
- The development of speech. Composition
Part 2 contains one task - an essay (volume of 200 words) with a detailed answer, which tests the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.
Points for USE assignments in the Russian language
- 1 point - for 1-7, 9-15, 17-25 tasks
- 2 points - 16.
- 4 points - 26.
- 5 points - 8.
As a result, you can get maximum 58 primary points . To obtain a certificate, you need to score 24 points, and to enter a university - 36.
Although the main emphasis in final exams is on the ability to apply the skills learned in school in practice, for successful passing the exam knowledge of the theory will also be required in the Russian language. It is necessary not only to memorize all the rules, but also to be able to use them.
What will be required when passing the exam?
To complete tasks in the Russian language, you need to use the entire amount of knowledge gained over the years of schooling. You need to know the following theory:
- Spelling of individual parts of the word (roots, prefixes, suffixes, endings).
- Arrangement of punctuation marks in simple and complex sentences, to highlight words, in other cases.
- Grammatical, morphological, syntactic, orthoepic norms.
- Synonyms, homonyms and antonyms.
- Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of words.
- Spelling "not" and "neither".
- Lexical meaning of words.
- Information processing and creation of texts of various styles.
- Text analysis.
How to prepare for the exam
Self-preparation for the exam includes the study of the rules of the Russian language and their application when performing exercises. It is not enough to learn definitions, rules and exceptions: it is important to apply them correctly. At the same time, one cannot do without completely studying the theory of the Russian language: attempts to guess the correct spelling of words or punctuation do not lead to the desired result and do not help to acquire knowledge.
Always start with theory. Each training task designed to test knowledge of a particular section of the theory. It is necessary to repeat it, paying especially close attention to exceptions, and then put it into practice when performing exercises.
- Don't be afraid a large number rules. Almost all of them are well known to graduates, the skill of their application has been brought to automaticity. In many cases, the study of theory is necessary only to refresh and structure knowledge.
- In progress self-study for the exam, typical errors can be found. This indicates certain gaps in knowledge. A thoughtful study of theory in preparation for the exam allows you to fill in these gaps, so you should not neglect reading the rules.
- There is no need to memorize all the wording verbatim, it is much more important to understand the essence. This understanding is the basis of literate writing and competent speech. Study examples, pay attention to patterns.
- Be sure to apply the knowledge gained in practice! Endless exercises quickly get boring, but it is these trainings that help bring skills to automatism, learn how to apply knowledge without even thinking about it.
We wish you successful passing of the exam in the Russian language!
Handbook for preparing for the exam
Reference information for all tasks: 1 - 26. If you don’t know something, don’t remember, don’t understand, you are here. Simple, accessible, lots of examples.
Collection of practice tests: 1 - 24
Practice tests with answers to all tasks
"USE-navigator"
Interactive preparation course for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. 26 sections. Individual achievement statistics. Options are formed for each person personally during new visits. Fully complies with the new format of the exam.
- Unified State Examination Navigator by subscription
"USE-responder"
Who is interested in training USE options in Russian with answers and comments? Our New episode"USE-responder" for you.
Collection of essays on the Russian language (task 26)
Easier to learn how to write essays source code if you know exactly what USE requirements to task 26 in Russian. Analysis of the work of graduates shows typical mistakes and shortcomings.
Final winter essay
All about graduation essay. Concept. Criteria for testing at school. Evaluation criteria in universities. Work samples.
Workshop on orthoepy
Nouns from the FIPI list. How to remember them? Intensive training in an interactive form will help
Helpful information
The word USE has a fascinating effect on people. The majority, long before the exam, begins to treat it as a fatal milestone: terrible and inevitable. One gets the impression that the will and mind of people are paralyzed at the same time ... Distinct images of a conveyor belt, a meat grinder or a current that carries the unfortunate people to no one knows where emerge ... What is the consequence of such an attitude towards the upcoming test? Passivity, indifference or, on the contrary, feverish activity, senseless fuss, excessive nervous tension. Get reliable information about the upcoming exam.
useless information
Even during difficult or serious work, you can find a reason to joke. Section for those who want to relax a bit
Self defense. If an appeal is needed
It is better not to tune in to the appeal in advance. There is such a life pattern: often people attract situations that they think too much about. The situation of filing an appeal is not the most pleasant. I wish you could avoid it. But if an appeal is unavoidable, it's best to know how to file it.
Therefore, I consider it important to talk about this topic.
The USE in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.
First part represents 24 tasks. They can be test, the choice of one or more answers, open type(write your own pass).
The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Part 1 assignments test graduates' learning educational material both on base and high levels difficulty (tasks 7, 23–24).
Second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.
The task of part 2 (task 25 - composition) can be completed by the examinee at any level of complexity (basic, advanced, high).
210 minutes - 3.5 hours are given for work.
Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper
| Parts of work | Number of tasks | Maximum primary score | Job type |
| 1 part | 24 | 33 | Short answer |
| part 2 | 1 | 24 | Detailed response |
| Total | 25 | 57 |
Scattering by tasks
Below I will give the "cost" of each task performed.
For the correct completion of each task first part (except tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examiner receives 1 point each. For an incorrect answer or its absence, 0 points are set.
For completing tasks 1 and 15, from 0 to 2 points can be set.
The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.
Task 7 can be assigned from 0 to 5 points.
For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one mistake was made; 3 points: two mistakes were made; 2 points: two numbers are correctly indicated; 1 point: correctly indicated only one number 0 points: completely wrong answer, i.e. wrong sequence of numbers or none.
Task 24 can be assigned from 0 to 4 points. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.
The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he correctly completed the task second part , is 24 points.
For the correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can get the maximum 57 primary points .
Continues to acquaint students with changes in the USE 2019 in the Russian language. In this article, we analyze task number 21.
As everyone who got acquainted with the new demo version on the FIPI website has already seen, USE 2019 has undergone some changes. There are even fewer single-choice tests. Pseudo-literary arguments, which were used to patch up holes in the content of the essay according to the text, are now irrelevant. The main thing is that a completely new punctuation task has been added. So, what is task number 21?
From the numbered sentences, you need to choose those in which some kind of punctuation mark (dash in the demo, colon, comma) is set according to the rule common to several sentences.
In the demo, you need to find sentences in which the DASH is put in accordance with the same punctuation rule. In seven sentences of the 21st task of the 2019 demo version, a dash is used four times as a punctuation mark and twice as a value interval sign (15–20 m, 100–200 m). We look at what rules the dashes are placed in the first, third, sixth and seventh sentences. In the first dash - between the subject and the predicate, in the third - before the application, in the sixth dash also before the application, and in the seventh dash it stands between the parts of the non-union complex sentence (BSP). As you can see, the general rule for setting a dash in the third and sixth sentences. Answer: 36.
So far, there seems to be no need for a demarcation within general rules. For example, a dash between parts of the BSP is placed for various reasons, but to complete task No. 21, you just need to attribute the specified punctuation mark to a specific group.
Let's try to identify such groups.
For comma:
1) between homogeneous members;
2) to isolate a member of the proposal;
3) to highlight constructions that are not members of the sentence (address, interjection, introductory words);
4) between parts of a complex sentence.
Perhaps some distinction within the 3rd and 4th groups. For example, by type complex sentences: unionless, compound or compound. But, most likely, there will be an example on the exam that does not involve different readings.
For dash:
1) between the subject and the predicate;
2) in incomplete sentence;
3) before application;
4) to highlight the plug-in structure;
5) before a generalizing word
6) in a non-union complex sentence.
A dash is also placed when transmitting someone else's speech in writing: before the replicas of the dialogue, before the words of the author. Since almost always in such cases we are talking about the combination of characters, it is unlikely that there will be similar examples on the exam.
For colon:
1) after a generalizing word with homogeneous members;
2) in a non-union complex sentence;
Here, in general, are all the main groups of punctuation marks inside sentences. There are also end-of-sentence punctuation marks: dot, ellipsis, question and exclamation marks, but only the use of an exclamation mark or ellipsis forms groups. So it is best to focus on the rules of punctuation within sentences: comma, dash and colon. The semicolon, too, if you remember, is used only in a single case: between parts of the BSP.
In my opinion, the best tool for repeating and summarizing what has been learned in syntax and punctuation is the now rare and out-of-print book by V.N. Gorshkova "Syntax and punctuation. Exercises with a selective answer. A manual for teachers of an evening school". I have one in the 1975 edition. Met incomplete options in in electronic format. Find it - you won't regret it. But there are only tests in the book, there are no rules. In addition, the tests are not in the USE format.
I will give an example of tasks from the book.
150. Indicate where the dash is placed: between the subject and the predicate, in an incomplete sentence to indicate the omission of a sentence member, before a generalizing word or in a non-union complex sentence.
I. The spring sun, the local fields - I would be glad to give you everything. (Fat.)
II. Over Russia - the sky is blue. (Fat.)
III. Dry, strong autumn is the best poetic time of the year. (M.-S.) It is not light in the morning - it is light from the moon. (Slut.)
V. Truly the sweetest burden is solemnly carrying a watermelon home. (Vansh.)
VI. The sun was reddening in the yard in a frosty steam - it was warm in the house. (Boon.)
VII. Fragrant swollen birch buds, powerful smells of roots, the thinnest streams from breaking grass sprouts - all this was amazingly new and delightful. (Triple)
VIII. Frosty air is clean - look through. (Onion.)
IX. The freshest, cleanest, right time to work is morning! (V.Inb.)
X. Frosts - December, snowstorms - February, first drops - pensive March. (Ryl.)
Were you able to divide the sentences into 4 groups? Answers: 1 - III, V, IX, 2 - II, X, 3 - I, VII, 4 - IV, VI, VIII.
The rules themselves are in various reference books, textbooks, manuals on the Russian language. Some of the most authoritative - edited by D.E. Rosenthal. Many of his manuals also include exercises.
So repeat the punctuation, find out the incomprehensible from the experts, practice. You can already find examples of new tasks in free access on the Internet. Collections for preparing for the exam will soon appear in bookstores. Be careful not to trust the free "trials" too much: they have bugs!
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