The biggest crocodile - marine crocodile (Crocodylus Porosus), which is found in India, Northern Australia and Fiji Islands. The length of it can reach 7 meters, and the weight is 1 tons! Five meter individuals weigh at least half-bottom. At the same time, the eggs that postpone the female, in size no more than the goose.

These amazing animals lived during dinosaurs and they are among those who managed to survive that difficult time. They love warm waterin which they spend almost all its time. They feed mainly fish, mammals and reptiles. And their age can be determined by the rings on the cut of the bone, as well as the tree.

Most little crocodile - Dwarf (Ostelaemus Tetraspis), adults are barely reach 190 cm long. It is more land than waterfall.

The expression of "crocodile tears" means showing conscience and remorse. This myth occurred due to the fact that the crocodiles were thought to cry in the course of the eats of people. In fact, crocodiles really cry when eating, but it happens at quite a biological reasons. The air, swallowed by a crocodile in the process of feeding, is specially mixed with the contents of the lacrimal glands and is highlighted in the form of abundant foam "tears".

Crocodile leather is considered one of the best for the manufacture of different leather products (in general, it is cruel, but unfortunately, such a business is). Industrial is used only by the skin of the abdomen, as having softness and elasticity. Other places, especially the skin of the limbs and back, is not suitable for this - it is very durable and firm, and often stands direct hit bullets. In many cultures of the world, the crocodile ski is considered a sign of consistency and high position in society. Handbag made of crocodile skin can cost 10-20 thousand dollars and above, because of this a large number of Crocodiles are killed annually by poachers. In a number of countries, the hunt for crocodiles is prohibited in nature, and to obtain the skins of crocodiles are grown on special farms.

In some cultures, the crocodile was considered a sacred animal, for example in Ancient Egypt. Even in our time, some tribes of New Guinea crocodile is a symbol-totem, and men pass a painful procedure for the urgency of their skin, after which it is covered by scars, which makes it similar to the crocodile. The most interesting thing is that some tribes of the Australian Aboriginal are considered masters in the hunt for crocodiles, and other tribes of the same Australian Aborigines consider hunting for crocodiles by sacrifices.

Crocodil aggressiveness increases during the breeding season, which is associated with rainy season.

Crocodile jaw contains 24 sharp teethcapable of keeping and snacking mining, but do not chew. Therefore, they often swallow small stones that help them crush the contents of the stomach. These stones also work as a ballast, helping the crocodile to dive into the water. It is constantly updated throughout the life of the animal. The crocodile jaw compression force is huge, but the muscles opening the mouth are so weak that the efforts of one hand are enough to not give her to open. The crocodile is able to very accurately monitor the force of compression of the jaws, and it can snack the femur of large animals, and to transfer their offspring from the nest into water. The tail of the crocodile is also not a gift - his blows are very strong.

Often you can see crocodiles lying for a long time with an open mouth. This is not an expression of aggression, but a simple cooling. In this case, the dog is pronounced by the language, and the crocodile opens the mouth - excess warm and sweat comes out with breathing.

Crocodile, just hatched from the egg, three times longer than the same egg.

In the village of Sabu in the African state of Burkina Faso there is a pond with "manual" sacred crocodiles. Local residents Drink them with chicken, and they calmly allow them and tourists to pull themselves behind the tail and sit on their back.

The crocodile can run at a speed of up to 11 miles per hour.

The average life expectancy is 50 years. Long-livers live to 100.

In China, it has long been lifted with crocodile meat. On the shores of Yangtze, they caught small crocodiles and refused them until the tail had reached low length. Thus, the reptile became a pet, moreover, performing and functions watchtop PSA. The fact is that the crocodile was kept at the entrance to the courtyard in the box like dogcake boothwhere it was tightly chained for the back leg rather long chain.

In the blood of the crocodile, the antibiotic was discovered. This is important scientific discovery Made ... journalists. The BBC reporters during the filming of the film about the life of crocodiles living in salt water, noticed that crocodiles are often fighting and apply terrible wounds, but they never happen to have inflammation or gangrenes. Journalists managed to get a crocodile blood sample, and his analysis showed that one of the previously unknown substances existing in reptile blood effectively kills bacteria, penetrating their membranes. British reporters called this substance "crocodile". Now this substance is studied to treat them from different infectious diseases.

Crocodiles do not use much energy, so many months can do without food.

Globed crocodile, it happens, swims at sea by 600 kilometers from the coast (there are evidence of 1100 kilometers).

Sometimes crocodiles are capable of climbing the trees.

People have long been appreciated in crocodiles. Much: meat, skin and musk released by the nasal and appeaarder glands. Crocodile meat is extremely appreciated in Malasia, as a lean and dietary product.

Estuarine (Estuarine) Crocodile - the largest of all 26 kinds of crocodiles.

The name "Crocodile" means "stone worm" (from other Greek. "Croco" - a stone, "diot" - worm).

Less known is the fact that the musk from crocodile glands is actively used in the perfume industry.

Alligator females are laying around 40 eggs, of which crocodiles appear in 60-70 days.

These reptiles can jump out of the water on 2 meter height.

Even a very old and already toothless crocodile is still fatally dangerous, his jaws slam with a force of several tons, grinding the body and bones of the victim.

In 1899, during the excavations in Egypt, Mummy crocodiles were found (in the pharaoh era, these animals were worshiped as sacred).

More people died in Africa from crocodiles than from Lviv.

Sometimes, finding someone else's egg layout, or just hatched small crocodiles, crocodile with cruel indifference devouring like that.

With victims, the crocodile is unusual - he will turn them and leave the water for several days, because the crocodile does not know how to chew.

Crocodiles suffer from cannibalism. They are the ability to eat smaller representatives of their own species.

These reptiles have no lips and mouth can not be closed completely.

Crocodiles have a four-chamber heart, as in birds (their closest relatives) and mammals. When the crocodile is immersed under the water, his heart begins to work as three-chamber, giving animal more time under water.

The young crocodile floor is determined by the temperature in the nest and how deeply the eggs are hidden.

Young crocodiles are still inside the eggs, by the time of hatching publishing dummy sounds.

All modern crocodiles are adapted to a semi-water lifestyle. Although another 3000 years ago, land crocodiles were found in New Caledonia.

What is the difference between crocodiles from alligators? If the extreme teeth are visible even when closed grazing is a crocodile. Alligators are completely hidden in a special groove on the opposite jaw. Crocodiles have salt glands in the mouth, so they can be in salted water, unlike alligators. This gives crocodiles much more opportunities for habitat, including in the mangroves and the mouths of the rivers. Crocodiles are more active and aggressive than alligators, but they get worse cold. Alligators are "Nordic guys," alone, and may even meet in subtropical areas, and crocodiles are only in hotter.

On the surface of the jaws of the crocodile, numerous pressure receptors are located, which allow it to feel the vibration emanating from animals in the water at a high distance.

Crocodiles have the third century, - the membrane that closes his eyes during diving under the water - thus, the crocodile protects the eyes from the effects of water, while not losing the ability to see.

99% of the crocodile offspring die, eaten by fish, vacanters, herons and adult crocodiles. During the first weeks of life, crocodiles feed on the contents of the eggs from which appear on the light. Crocodile eggs are also a delicacy for Varanov, Gien, storks and even people. The female usually postpon 20-80 eggs in the nests built from plant materials, and protects them for three months. Crocodil in captivity reaches the length of one and a half meters per year, and its wild fellow spends almost three years for it, since it does not have such Permanent food source.

The crocodile can sail at a speed of up to 40 km / h with its tail, and be under water up to two or three hours. On the land, the crocodile can also make short throws, but tired very quickly. These animals can even jump out of the water, flying several meters.

Crocodile - semi-water predatory animal belonging to the class "reptiles". These reptiles are quite dangerous. Often you can hear a message about the crocodile attack per person. Reptiles can reach more than 8 meters in length, and the weight of the crocodile can reach one ton!

IN modern world There are a large number of generic crocodiles. At the same time, a significant number of reptiles extinct many millennia ago. According to scientists, crocodiles are the most developed from modern species Reptiles. And closest in terms of evolutionary process Reptiles are to dinosaurs and birds.

The report is dedicated brief review Life of crocodile, its appearance and lifestyle.

Appearance and features

The usual length of crocodiles varies from 2 to 5 meters depending on the type, although there are also very large animals. Basically, crocodiles are in water, resting or hunting. The lifestyle reptile influenced appearance: Flusted, flat torso, flat head, short legs and powerful, movable tail, which crocodiles are used when moving in water.

A characteristic feature of crocodiles are the strongest in nature in animals of jaws and a large amount of teeth (60 or more). At the same time, new teeth in reptiles can appear about three thousand times in their entire life. Interestingly, the teeth in crocodiles are hollow, empty inside, and new teeth grow inside old.

The high level of reptile organization, as already mentioned at the beginning of the report, is confirmed and more perfect compared to other reptiles of the circulatory system. The crocodile heart has four cameras, two ventricles and two atrium.

Crocodiles - cold-blooded animals, that is, their body temperature is completely dependent on temperature ambient. That is why reptiles prefer warm climate, but too low (below 20 ° C) and too high (38 ° C) temperatures are fatal for them. In such conditions, the crocodile simply will not survive.

Crocodiles - long-livers, they can live up to 100 years. Contributes to this and the fact that animals do not natural enemies in nature.

Another feature of crocodiles is that they grow throughout life.

Habitat

Crocodiles love warm climates and warm water, in cold animals do not live. Reptiles are quite common Ground Shar., they are found in the central and South America, near the Philippine Islands, Bali, India, Japan, Malaysia, USA and other countries. Usually not far from the habitat of crocodiles there is a rainforest.

Most crocodiles live in fresh waterAlthough some can carry salted water (for example, Nile crocodile).

Lifestyle crocodiles

Reptiles spend most of the time in the reservoir, periodically chosen on the land in order to warm up in the sun. As a rule, crocodiles are hunting at night, and their diet is fish. However, the crocodile can attack other animals with which he is able to cope.

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Crocodile one of the most ancient and amazing animals. He almost did not change since the times of dinosaurs. The average length of the modern crocodile can reach six meters from the tip of the tail to the nostrils. The whole body of the crocodile is covered with thick coarse skin, and the back and head are protected by a strong bone sheath. The crocodile's eyes are on the top of the head, so the animal can look out of the water, exposing only eyes and nostrils, which are also above the graze in almost one level with eyes. Thus, it can until the latter can remain unnoticed for potential production.

Why does a crocodile like water?

There are five fingers on the front paws, and on the rear four fingers. All crocodile fingers are connected by a membrane. Crocodiles spend a lot of time in water and to quickly move the beast in it and the tail and paws with membranes are needed.

The crocodile is an excellent swimmer, but on the ground it moves most often with a crawler almost like, despite the presence of a paw. But after all, if you really need to catch up with your prey, then some can slightly run a gallop pretty in a fast pace.

Why does the crocodile fall down after meals?

To cool the crocodile opens the mouth. At the same time, the water evaporates from the mouth, and small birds are chibisa, huts - embarrassed from his mouth the jammed pieces of meat and leeches, stuck in huge teeth, which are on a powerful jaw who can reverse any bone of any or human.

Why is the crocodile displays tears when he eats?

It is known that the crocodile often cries when he eats his prey. There is even such an expression: "crocodile tears". But do not think that the crocodile is crying because he regrets one who has already eaten. Of course not! Crocodiles "cry" not at all from pity, but to remove excess salt. In the form of transparent droplets, it comes out of the body using special glands.

Probably, therefore, no one believes in the "crocodile tears" and this expression has become nominative and applied to people trying to cause any feeling of insincere fake tears. Either if the tears are poured by a large "hail" for example (not necessarily they should be fake - just large). So they say loudly crying diet: "Do not roar crocodile tears."

Crocodiles are a peculiar group of reptiles with a specific lifestyle. There are 22 species of crocodiles in the world, which make up a separate detachment. In the structure of the body, crocodiles are very different from other reptiles and in their origins are closest to dinosaurs. For this in the class of reptiles, they even allocate in a separate subclass of arhozavra (that is, ancient lizards).

Procodylus Porosus.

Crocodiles are customary to divide on real and alligators (which also includes Caymans), but externally differ only in the fact that alligators have a stupid stupid end, and crocodiles it is narrowed.

Gavial (Gavialis Gangeeticus) is powered by fish, and therefore his muzzle is strongly narrowed.

The size different species Various from 1.5 m in the length of the stupid crocodile to 10 m near the Niel crocodile. All crocodiles are elongated, a slightly flatted body, a short neck and big head with a strongly elongated face. Paws in crocodiles are short and arranged, like all reptiles, on the sides of the body, and not under the torso, like birds and mammals. This layout of the limbs imposes an imprint on the way of movement of crocodiles.

Crocodile's paws have swimming membranes.

All crocodiles have a long and thick tail. The tail is flattened from the sides and performs the function of the steering wheel, engine and thermostat. It is characteristic that the eyes and nostrils are located in crocodiles on the top of the skull. This allows animals to breathe and see at a time when their body is completely immersed in water. In addition, crocodiles are able to delay their breathing and can be up to 2 hours under water, without popling.

Crocodile under water.

The brain in crocodiles is small, but they are the most intelligent of all reptiles. They have another progressive feature. Crocodiles - cold-blooded animals. But it turned out that crocodiles, straining the muscles of the body, can arbitrarily warm up the blood so that their temperature by 5-7 degrees exceeds the ambient temperature.

The body of crocodiles is covered with thick skin. Instead of small scraps covering the body of other reptiles, crocodiles have large shields. Their shape and size on different sites The bodies differ and form a unique pattern. In many types of crocodiles, the shields are additionally strengthened by subcutaneous bone plates, which they grow on the head with the bones of the skull. These plates create a kind of armor, making the crocodile body invulnerable to the attack from the outside. Coloring in all crocodiles protective: black, gray, dirty-brown. Extremely rarely come across the crocodiles albinos white color. In nature, such animals usually do not survive.

Alligator - Albino.

Crocodiles are thermal-loving animals and dwell only in the tropics and subtropics. They inhabit almost all parts of the world besides Antarctica and Europe. All crocodiles are aquatic animals, tightly related to water bodies. The overwhelming majority prefers to settle in small lakes and rivers with a quiet flow.

Missisypian Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis) settle down in impassable swamps.

But the grinding crocodiles populate sea lagoons and river delta. These crocodiles inhabitants in Australia and Oceania often swam wide sea bays and strait between the islands.

Crocodiles are slow, but insidious. Most of the time they are carried out in immobility, lying on shallow water or passively drills for the flow. Often crocodiles are chaining so much that the birds and turtles take them behind the trees and climb them on the back.

The crocodile accepted the body of relatives for a log and climbed on it to dry.

But this calm is deceptive: barely only the potential victim reaches the limits of reach as a crocodile makes a sharp throw. In this, a considerable role is played by a powerful tail, whose movements crocodile throws his body forward. The splash of water attracts other crocodiles and they instantly burst into the victim from all over the county.

The crocodile catches herrock, which he sadly tried to sit on him.

Permanent stay in cool water reduces the body temperature, and therefore the total metabolism. In order not to "freeze" animals are forced to crawl into land and warm up for several hours on the shore. On land, crocodiles are also almost fixed.

Nile crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus.) Heats in the sun.

On the ground, they move crawl, clumsy arranging the paws and wagging the body from side to the side. However, sometimes crocodiles can go to a completely "construction" step, holding legs under the body. In case of extreme danger, the crocodile can even run a gallop at a speed of 12 km / h!

Crocodile goes the road.

The crocodiles of any animal food, which can be found in water or on the shore. Basically, they eat fish, as well as small animals and birds floating in the reservoir. Young crocodiles that are not able to attack such a game due to the size, are content with hunting on insects, mollusks, frogs. But the very large species Crocodiles are preferred not to be fine: they lie down the large animals that came on the water, - buffaloes, zebras, antelope.

Crocodile caught a floating antelope GNU.

Crocodiles do not "distinguish between titles" and attack not only defenseless unfortunate, but also on Lviv, hippofans and even elephants. Crocodile jaw possess huge power. In addition, he has a special structure of the teeth: they are asymmetrically located in the crocodile, so that small teeth of the upper jaw correspond to small lower. Thus, the teeth are closed between themselves as a castle, it is almost impossible to escape from its mouth.

Promotional crocodile rests with an open mouth.

But such a structure of the jaw turns around for crocodiles with one problem - they can grab the victim, but can not chew. Therefore, the crocodiles either swallow it entirely, or take off the large pieces in a special way: they clamp a piece of carcass in the teeth and begin to spin in water around their axis, thereby "unscrewing" a piece of meat.

Crocodiles are single animals, but they calmly carry the neighborhood of themselves like. In reservoirs, rich food, crocodiles constantly monitor the behavior of their fellows and with the slightest signs of meals hurry to join her. For some observations, Nile crocodiles are able to coordinate their actions on the hunt, surrounding and driving the victim into the ring.

Crocodiles eating zebra.

But crocodiles are alien to friendly feelings, they do not protect the fellow, and with a significant difference in size in size, a large crocodile is quite capable of eating smaller. No wonder about the hypocritical person they say "pour crocodile tears."

IN marriage The males show their own instincts, protecting the territory from the invasion of competitors. Having met, males arrange fierce fights. After mating, the female makes a nest from El and herbs on the shore and puts out 20-100 eggs in it. It is constantly located near the nest, often without food, and protects it from any encroachment. The term of incubation depends on the ambient temperature and lasts 2-3 months.

Crocodile nest.

At the time of hatching, crocodiles make a kind of squeak and the mother immediately hurries to help them. The female often takes the eggs in the teeth and carefully rolling them into the mouth, helping the newborn to get rid of the shell. Newborn crocodiles are quite independent and immediately hurry to the water, sometimes to get to the reservoir, the mother helps them: the crocodile takes the kids in the mouth and refers to the water itself. In the first days, the female reacts to their voice, protecting against all enemies. After a couple of days, the kids dispersed on the water and losing touch with the parent. Life of small crocodiles is very dangerous: in addition to numerous predators, the crocodiles themselves can encroach. An adult crocodile does not seek lunch his own offspring, so young crocodiles are constantly hiding in the thickets. But even at the same time, mortality reaches 80%. Crocodiles saves only the fact that they initially grow very quickly. In the first 2 years of life, their size increases 3 times, then growth slows down. Crocodiles belong to animals that have no end point growth, they grow all their lives! And these reptiles live for a long time - on average 60-100 years old.

Despite the dangerous temper, the crocodiles themselves are very vulnerable and have a lot of enemies. Many large animals can oppose crocodiles their strength. For example, lions wave small crocodiles on land, where they are inaccumbers, and hippos and in water are completely able to eat crocodile in half. Elephants that in infant age Attacks are attacked by crocodiles, while adults can flood the predator to death. In South America, jaguars and anacondites hunt crocodiles. But the greatest danger is presented for crocodiles ... Small animals! Herons and storks massively catch small crocodiles, on Earth, a whole army of fans of crocodile eggs joins them. Crocodile nests ruin turtles, varana, baboons, hyenas, mangone.

People from a long time have experienced fear in front of crocodiles, because the attacks of crocodiles on people are not uncommon. However, fear of UGAS, when unsurpassed qualities of skin crocodile were discovered. For it valuable material The crocodiles began to host the hunting on an industrial scale and the fate of many species was threatened. Partially the sharpness of the problem was shot by breeding crocodiles in captivity on special farms. Crocodiles due to low intelligence and pronounced predatoryness are not amenable to teaching - it is impossible to control the behavior of these animals. However, the owners of crocodiles often arrange a special show with the demonstration of "abilities" of their pets. Such a lzhedressura is based on a thin manipulation of the physiology of animals, because the fusion and even simply "supercooled" crocodile is very passive. Despite these accidents on such shows are not uncommon.

Currently, the condition of many species inspires concerns due to the destruction of crocodile natural habitats.

The Missisypian Alligator is under threat of destruction.

The first so close acquaintance with cold-blooded I have happened in Thailand, in tourist city Pattaya. It was in this city that I visited a crocodile farm. In addition to dating animals, I also went to their show program. It turns out "toothy" distributable trainingand they can perform a wide variety of teams of their trainers.

Where crocodiles live

If speak about Thailandthen representatives of water fauna can be found on wetlands of rivers and lakeson the mainland country. Average age Local reptiles are 100 years old. As for their size, they grow throughout life. Imagine annually after flooding, hundreds of crocodiles throw away from their familiar habitats. After that, "zubastics" go to the "free" swimming. Therefore, after flooding, know, crocodiles can be found anywhere. But it's not necessary to go for acquaintance with crocodiles to wetlands not necessarily, but all because crocodiles can be seen on special farms. The crocodile farm in Pattaya is within the city. I went to the farm along the excursion program, which, by the way, was free. The territory on which crocodiles live, more like a park, in which besides crocodiles, you can see beautiful garden Trees, incredible beauty Vintage stones, pools with fish and even enclosures with other animals. Crocodiles live in lakes fencing with metal aviary. What crocodiles can be seen in the territory:

  • comb
  • siamese;
  • gavial.

By the way, the last type of reptile does not pose a threat to a person. Also, it is in this country that it is forbidden to sell bags, wallets from the skin of this crocodile ... Yes, I almost forgot, crocodiles on this farm, for a fee, can feed chicken. I recommend checking my reaction !!! The chicken is tied to the rope and you need to try to unintelligate the "tobast". Make it so that he is the first, and maybe the second time closed his teeth, not having time to eat chicken. Adrenaline, Emotions are simply excavated !!!

The character of crocodile

It turns out that crocodiles refer to a very smart animal. They cannot be called a thoughtless Mahina, in whose head is the goal - to kill and eat. Basic traits:

  • fatty;
  • communicable;
  • emotional;
  • extravert.

Besides, crocodilescreate to trust. Naturally, not all passing by, and for example, to his trainer. A person who loves the animal and refers to him with respect.


What annoys the psyche of crocodiles

Reptile, it turns out poor smells. Therefore, the trainer before each occasion to the room with crocodiles must be pour oneself. Otherwise, you can become a lunch and dinner for the animal.