This mammal from the genus of hares is remarkable, first of all, for its large size: a body length of more than half a meter, sometimes reaching up to 70 cm, and a weight: 4 to 5 kg for hares, and up to 7 kg for hares.

hare hare distributed on all continents, and due to its large number, it has been well studied by scientists and naturalists, and its appearance and habits are well known to all nature lovers. Appearance hare hare quite characteristic, and it is not difficult to distinguish it from relatives - representatives of the order of lagomorphs.

The eyes of the animal have an original reddish-brown tint. The physique of the animal is fragile, and noticeably more long ears, limbs and tail (dark above and wedge-shaped) are essential hare distinction from white hare.

The color of the animal is interesting in diversity, because animals molt and change their colors twice a year. How can you be sure of photo of hare hare, in summer its silky and shiny coat is distinguished by brown, brown-olive, ocher-gray and reddish colors.

A hare hare in winter whitens considerably. However, it is never snow-white, which is especially noticeable in the dark areas of the coat of the front of the back, as well as in the color of the fur on the ears and head of the hare.

This detail of appearance is another of the many signs by which a brown hare can be distinguished when meeting, for example, he is a fellow, in winter, having a perfect snow-white color, with the exception of the tips of the ears blackening in a snowy area, due to which the hare becomes completely invisible in the winter landscape.

In the photo, a hare is a hare in winter

There are hare hares, both in Europe and Asia, and in Australia and South America. They successfully passed acclimatization and took root in some North American territories and in New Zealand, where they were specially brought for breeding.

In Russia, animals are distributed throughout the European part, up to Ural mountains, are also found in Asian territory: from Siberia to the Far Eastern outskirts. They inhabit forest-steppes and steppes, populating also mountainous areas and heavily forested areas.

Although most of all they prefer open spaces, which is typical a sign of a hare. But most of all, these animals love to settle on agricultural land with rich deposits of grain crops.

The nature and lifestyle of a hare hare

Devotion, once chosen, to a habitat is very characteristic of hare hare, A description the way of life of these animals should begin with the observation that these animals are not inclined to migration and long-distance travel.

Living in small areas (no more than 50 hectares), they settle on them on for a long time. Unless only those of them that live in the mountains descend to their foothills in winter, and when the snow melts, they rise back again.

They can only be forced to leave their habitable place abrupt change weather conditions, environmental disasters and other emergencies. Nightlife animals prefer daytime.

And during daylight hours, animals hide in their burrows, which are usually arranged near shrubs and trees. Sometimes the animals also occupy the abandoned dwellings of other animals:, and.

Like all representatives of the genus of hares, hares molt from head to limbs twice a year. The spring and autumn molts, which last from 75 to 80 days, completely change kind of hare hare, which helps the animals merge with the surrounding nature, depending on the surrounding landscapes of different seasons, and be less noticeable to their enemies, from which hares are saved only long legs.

The ability to run very fast is another advantage of these animals. And the maximum brown hare speed, which he can develop in extreme conditions on good and solid soil, reaches up to 70-80 km / h. In the genus of hares, this is a kind of record.

In the speed of the legs, the hare is significantly superior to its fellow hare, the hare, moving much faster than it and jumping much further. However, hare are less adapted to adverse conditions. weather condition, and often their population is significantly reduced in severe winters.

hare hare, How and white hare, have long been a favorite object of commercial and sport hunting. And a great many of these animals are killed annually for their sake. tasty meat and warm skins.

Nutrition

Rusaki is a typical herbivore, willingly eating a variety of cereals, buckwheat, sunflower, chicory, alfalfa, clover, colza and dandelions. At night, in search of food, wanting to saturate his stomach, the hare travels up to several kilometers, while testing its long legs for strength.

Settling on agricultural land, these animals can greatly harm the harvest of vegetable gardens, orchards and winter crops, actively eating human-grown grain and melon crops, vegetables, and fruits. The neighborhood of the Rusaks can be so unpleasant for the civilization of people that it often becomes a real disaster.

And in some countries, for example, in Australia, hare are even declared to be a serious danger, pests. In winter, in the absence of proper nutrition, the hare is content with gnawing the bark, often bringing not only shrubs, but even large trees to a disastrous state.

These animals prefer to feast on broom, hazel, oak or maple, while hare hares usually choose aspen or willow for their meals (and this is another difference between these prominent representatives hare species).

Tearing the snow with their paws, the Russians diligently dig out from under it plant food and tree seeds. And the fruits of their efforts can often be used by other animals, for example, partridges, which are not able to clear the snow on their own.

In the spring, the hare actively eat young shoots of plants, their leaves and stems, often damaging the roots of shrubs and trees that are just starting to grow, and in summer they eat their seeds.

Reproduction and life expectancy of a hare

Brown hares are quite prolific, but the amount of offspring is highly dependent on the time of year, the age of the hare that gives birth to offspring, and the climate of the area in which these animals live.

IN Western Europe, on average, female hares bring up to five broods per year. There can be from 1 to 9 rabbits in one litter. And the breeding season, advancing with the advent of spring, ends in September.

While in hotter countries, it starts literally from January and continues until late autumn. The most prolific are middle-aged hares.

Bearing offspring lasts 6-7 weeks. Before giving birth to rabbits, females equip unpretentious grass nests or dig small holes in the ground.

The hares that were born weigh an average of about 100 grams, their body is covered with fluffy fur, and with their eyes wide open they are already ready to look at the world around them.

In the first days they feed on mother's milk, but after ten days they become so capable that they themselves try to absorb herbal food every day more and more adapting to this type of food.

And at the age of one month, they are already ready to go out into the big and unfamiliar world in order to start an adult independent life. The age of the Rusaks is short-lived, and usually in wild nature they rarely live more than seven years. In addition, quite a lot of animals die in more early age.

However, they reproduce extremely quickly, therefore, despite the fact that they are game animals, nothing threatens the size of the hare population today.


4th ed. - M .: 2017 - 224p. 15th ed. - M.: 2012 - 224p.

A book for younger students dedicated to the nature of their native country and native land, contains stories - pages. They introduce you to the amazing natural diversity - from grass at the doorstep to birds and animals. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of environmental ties in the surrounding world. The book is intended for use in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, for independent reading. It will be of interest not only to children, but also to teachers, parents, who, together with the child, want to meet the unique world of wildlife.

Format: pdf (2017 , 224s.)

Size: 46 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf ( 2012 , 224s.)

Size: 39.6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
GREEN PAGES OF THE BOOK OF NATURE 3
Page one, which tells about the grass near our house 4
Bird's buckwheat -
From the life of a dandelion 6
Yarrow 8
Sour but tasty 9
Burdock, he is a burdock 11
The most bitter herb 12
Green Traveler 13
Make friends with nettles 15
Wastelander 17
Page two, where we are talking about the first flowers that welcome spring 19
The most daring
Giver of honey 20
Hasty Corydalis 22
Anemone 23
Vigorous, fresh, washed 25
Goose onion 26
Dreamy Grass 28
Keys to Summer 29
Page three, written with the hope that flowers will always bloom on Earth 31
Page four - about trees 34
About birch and birch sap -
Strength and weakness of oak 37
Citizen tree 40
Bold tree 43
Page five, whose heroes are mosses 46
Below the grass
From the Arctic to Antarctica 47
Where does moss begin 49
Live Sponge 50
Kukushkin flax, ostrich feather and others 51
Page six - about mushrooms 53
Not plants and not animals -
Why mushrooms forest 54
His Majesty Boletus 56
Insidious twins 58
Wolf tobacco, rabbit potato 60
Going for mushrooms 62
Page seven, almost fabulous, which invites you to visit lichens 63
Dressing room of the forest king -
Scale, leafy, bushy 65
Union of mushroom and algae 66
Yagel 68
Centenarians 70
Lichens are leaving the cities 71
Page eight, the events of which take place in the kingdom of the web 73
Page nine - about difficult relationship human and insects 77
Page ten - about dragonflies 81
Just -
Big-eyed hunters 82
Life underwater 84
Watch out for dragonflies! 86
Page eleven, whose heroes are lacewings, they are also florists 87
First meeting -
Egg on a thin stalk 89
"Dorty lions" and a running doll 90
Defenseless Beauties 93
Page twelve - about beetles 94
Who in the world is the most -
Maybug and its relatives 95
Beetle on the road 98
Talking beetle 100
Big water lover 103
Six-legged deer 105
Without them, the Earth would be bored 106
Page thirteen, almost detective - about dangerous criminal among insects 107
Verbal portrait -
His first "case" 108
He crosses all boundaries 109
He changes clothes 110
He hides 112
Who will win? 113
Page fourteen - about the extraordinary ordinary life ladybug 114
"Sun" -
Name on wings 115
Three Lives of a Ladybug 117
Deceptive Appearance 119
Migratory... beetles 120
Where cows winter 122
Trouble! 123
Page fifteen, the most colorful, because it talks about butterflies 124
170 thousand species -
Pollen on variegated wings 126
How many legs does a caterpillar have? 127
Unusual duty 129
The Dangerous Life of an Admiral 130
Dove in an anthill 132
Mysterious Hawk Moths 133
Fading Rainbow 135
Page sixteen, which tells how insects hibernate 137
Page seventeen, whose heroes are insects, and the time of action is spring 141
First butterflies -
Hooray! The flies are awake! 143
Watch out for bumblebees! 144
Ants that remember everything 146
Page eighteen is about frogs and toads, which many do not like at all 149
Their trouble is our fault -
What are frogs and toads 151
Similar but different 153
A link in an unbreakable chain 154
Page nineteen - about the life of birds in autumn 156
Where, how and when? -
And who remains? 162
Help the birds! 166
Page twenty - about those birds that stay with us in winter 168
Crossbills -
Tap dance 170
Bullfinch 172
Woodpeckers 173
Kinglet 175
Pika and nuthatch 176
Page twenty-one - about the life of birds in spring 178
The starlings have arrived -
Singing in blue sky 180
"Flourish" chaffinch 182
Song Thrush 184
Pied flycatcher 186
Invisible 187
Page twenty-two, which tells about the winter life of animals 189
City under the snow
Agile Predators 192
Three hundred cones for lunch 193
Belyak and Rusak 194
Fox hunting 196
About wild boar and elk 197
Page twenty-three, the most mysterious, because its heroes are bats 200
What the legends say
What Science Says 201
Caught echo 202
Lesnaya " ambulance» 205
Like birds and with birds 206
Do not offend winged animals! 207
Page twenty-four, or "The Seven Wonders of the Rodent King" 208
"Rodent King"
Miracle one - beaver teeth 209
Miracle second - beaver coat 210
Miracle three - beaver tail 211
Miracles the fourth and fifth - beaver lodges and dams 213
Sixth miracle - beaver 216
One hundred squirrels for a beaver 217
The seventh miracle - the beavers are back! 218
LET'S SAVE ALL THE PAGES IN THE BOOK OF NATURE! 219

This book will tell about nature: about big trees and small beetles, about vociferous, cheerful birds and silent, gloomy spiders, about wonderful flowers, motley butterflies, hairy bumblebees and about the most unpretentious grass under your feet.
The book is called " Green Pages". Why green? Because this color is a symbol of wildlife. Why pages? The fact is that nature itself can be compared with a large fascinating book. Every flower, every bird, every butterfly is a page in the Book of Nature. To read it means to know, to study nature. True, it is not so easy to read it.
Imagine: somewhere on the edge of the forest you are standing and looking around. Will run, rustling with dry last year's leaves, a black beetle at your feet. A hurried jay flashes among the branches. A blue bell will sway in the wind ... And no one will tell you or even whisper: “Look at me, what a beautiful, interesting, very necessary inhabitant of the forest I am!”
Our book will help you learn to read the Book of Nature. Notice the amazing and unusual in the familiar and everyday. To discover very important, necessary, but hidden from our eyes connections in wildlife. And most importantly: learn to love and cherish what people cannot live without - wonderful world plants and animals around us!

Nevertheless, it is pleasant to read the fairy tale "Belyak" by Prishvin M. M. even for adults, childhood is immediately remembered, and again, like a little one, you empathize with the heroes and rejoice with them. The desire to convey a deep moral assessment of the actions of the main character, which encourages rethinking oneself, is crowned with success. All heroes were "honed" by the experience of the people, who for centuries created, strengthened and transformed them, devoting great and deep meaning children's education. And the thought comes, and after it the desire, to plunge into this fabulous and incredible world, win the love of a modest and wise princess. Surprisingly easily and naturally, the text written in the last millennium is combined with our present, its relevance has not diminished at all. The dialogues of the characters often evoke tenderness, they are full of kindness, kindness, directness, and with their help a different picture of reality emerges. An important role for children's perception is played by visual images, with which, quite successfully, this work abounds. The fairy tale "Belyak" by Prishvin M. M. can be read for free online countless times without losing love and desire for this creation.

Straight wet snow pressed on the branches all night in the forest, broke off, fell, rustled.

A rustle drove the white hare out of the forest, and he probably realized that by morning the black field would turn white and that he, completely white, could lie quietly. And he lay down in a field not far from the forest, and not far from him, also like a hare, lay the skull of a horse, weathered over the summer and whitewashed by the sun's rays.

By dawn, the whole field was covered, and in the white immensity disappeared and white hare and a white skull.

We were a little late, and when the hound was released, the tracks had already begun to blur.

When Osman began to sort out the fat, it was still difficult to distinguish the shape of a hare paw from a hare: he walked along a hare. But before Osman had time to straighten the track, everything completely melted on the white path, and then there was no sight or smell left on the black one.

We gave up on hunting and began to return home at the edge of the forest.

“Look through binoculars,” I said to my friend, “that it is whitening there on a black field and so bright.

“Horse skull, head,” he replied.

I took the binoculars from him and also saw the skull.

“Something is still whitening there,” said the comrade, “look to the left.”

I looked there, and there, too, like a skull, bright white, lay a hare, and through prismatic binoculars one could even see black eyes on the white. He was in a desperate situation: to lie down was to be visible to everyone, to run was to leave a printed mark on the soft wet ground for the dog. We stopped his hesitation: we raised him, and at the same moment, Osman, having seen, with a wild roar, set off on the sighted man.


«

I still want it! - says the Mouse. - And now I'll go look for the red summer!

Where are you! You are small and weak!

And I'll take a big and strong companion!

The Mouse descended from the bump, ran through the forest. A tree is twisted in the thicket, under its roots there is a bear's lair. The Little Mouse ran up, shouting:

Hey Bear!

Distributed from the den:

H-r-r-r-p-p-x-x-x! ..

Wake up, Bear, - shouts the Mouse, - otherwise I'll bite your nose!

Xr-r-r-p-x-x-x! .. What do you want?

You are big and strong, come with me to look for the red summer!

Ugh, - the Bear says, - it was worth waking me up because of this ... Shout out of here! My lair is deep, spruce paws are soft, and I feel good.

He turned, lay down more comfortably, and screwed up his eyes again.

No, you won’t agree with the Bear, - the Mouse ran on.

Pine trees grow on a sandy mound, under them the passage turns black - a badger hole. From the hole you can hear sniffing:

Tuff-tuff-psss...

Hey, Badger, - the Mouse screams, - wake up! Wake up now, or I'll bite you!

Tuff-tuff-psss... Well, what else is there?

Badger, you are big and strong, come with me to look for red summer!

Look at you, - Badger says, - what did you think up ... But how dare you bother me ?! He needed summer ... It doesn’t blow in my sides, it doesn’t drip over me, I feel good anyway. Shout!

No, you won’t agree with the Badger, - the Mouse ran on. A tall maple tree stands on the edge of the clearing, with a hole between its roots. Leaves, leaves are dragged into the hole. - The hedgehog built a bedroom for himself.

Hey Yozh! - The mouse is screaming. - Wake up! Wake up this minute, or I'll bite!

The leaves stirred, the hedgehog's muzzle appeared.

What's the matter, what's the squeak?

- Hedgehog, you are still big, you are still strong, come with me to look for red summer!

Eh, if not too lazy to get up, - the Hedgehog says, - what a spanking I would give you! Oh, how I would scare you, intimidate, right - to death! It’s nice in my hole, it’s warm in the leaves, and you decided to wake me up ... Get out of my sight while you’re intact!

No, you won’t agree with the Hedgehog, - the Mouse ran on. “Nothing,” he thinks, “the forest is large, there are still many inhabitants in it, maybe I’ll pick up a companion for myself ...”

Yes, failed.

Suddenly the sky darkened completely, frowned, - shaggy snow fell to the ground.

He covered the paths, whitened the swamps, put handkerchiefs on the bumps, malachai on the stumps.

Yes, so fast!

The Mouse is running, in a hurry, and with each step it is more difficult to run. Deeper snow and deeper. Already short legs do not reach the ground, the Mouse jumped with all his might - and completely bogged down.

Well, - he says, - apparently, death has come. Now I'm frozen in the snow.

Shriveled, shrinking, not moving.

And the snow keeps falling, falling, covering the Mouse with his head. A white blanket swells and swells over him.

And suddenly - what kind of miracles? - It seems to the Mouse that it has become warmer. He opened his eyes, looked around. He sees that the snow around him melts from breathing, it seems like a cave turns out. Light in it. And it doesn't blow. And the frost does not freeze. Moreover, it’s not scary: no one will see, no one will grab ...

Uh! .. - The mouse says. - Yes, it is quite possible to live here. And really - is it worth suffering, looking for a red summer, when will we manage without it?

He nestled, scratched behind his ear with his paw - and fell asleep.

OTTER AND CROW

I am surprised at you, Otter, very surprised! And why are you here, at the mill, thinking of living?!

And what's wrong with that?

Why, it’s noisy, and crowded, and there’s no peace! Whether it's in the forest...

Hehe, Voronushka... You are slow-witted. In the forest, the river is covered with ice, there is not a single polynya. How to dive for fish? And the water at the mill all year round alive, I wanted fish - please ... And what is noisy - that's good.

And the fact that no one will hear me, quiet, among many people, no one will look for me, shy, among many people ... Here I will live better than anyone!

BELYAK AND RUSAK

You, Rusak, live in the fields, in wild places. Gotta run better than me forest hare.

I run better anyway. You, Belyak, can't keep up with me!

Let's run to that tree. Who is faster?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Well, Rusak? Did I beat you?

I overtook ... Ufff! ..

So that! Do not boast that you run better than me, a forest hare. In your fields, the snow is always strong, it is blown by the wind, covered with infusion. And in our forest snow is always loose, and in order to run on it, you need to have such paws!