This unsurpassed "Mustang. Technical description Aircraft development and modification history

Americans like to admire their achievements, technology, country, military power. It has always been so.
One of the objects of their admiration is the WW2 Mustang P-51 fighter.
with someone light hand this aircraft even received the proud nickname "Messer Killer". This was told by the owner of one of the cars (the one in the picture below) Rob Lamplow - a member of the British flying club "The Air Squadron". But during the preparation of the text for this post, it turned out something completely different ...
Yes, the Mustangs shot down a lot of German planes during the war, but they themselves ... Sometimes they themselves became simply ridiculous victims.
So, during the war, two Mustang P-51s were destroyed ... by locomotives (!!!)
However, more on this below.

2. First, a little about the plane itself.
The Mustang was developed by the Americans directly for participation in the Second World War by order of the British.
The first prototype took to the air at the end of 1940.
But the plane, which was conceived as a long-range fighter-bomber, was no good. He had a rather mediocre motor power, which did not allow him to fly above 4 thousand meters.
In 1942, the British, unable to stand it, wanted to completely abandon its use.

3. But they were held back by one rather weighty argument - the Mustang behaved perfectly at low altitudes.
As a result, a compromise decision was made, and a different engine was simply put on the fighter. A miracle happened after a British Rolls-Royce was "stuck" into it. That's when he flew. The modification received the code R-51C. And when the fairing was removed (fairing behind the cockpit glazing) and a teardrop-shaped lantern (P-51D) was installed, it became very good.

4. And so, since 1942, the Royal English Air Force began to actively use the Mustangs in combat.
Their task was to patrol the English Channel and attack German ground targets in France.
On July 27, 1942, the Mustang P-51 enters an air battle for the first time on Dieppe and ... dies. It was piloted by American Hollis Hillis.

5. Very soon, on August 19, 1942, another battle took place, in which the Mustangs "distinguished themselves". During one of the operations for the landing of British troops in the same Dieppe, the Mustag squadron, along with Spitfires, covered the landing and entered into battle with German aircraft. At the same time, two enemy aircraft were shot down.
After this battle, 11 Mustangs did not return to the base airfield ...

6. These aircraft began to be used more effectively towards the end of the war - when the Germans ran out of planes, pilots and gasoline. That's when the attack of steam locomotives, convoys and horse-drawn transport began. Well, such exotic tasks as hunting for Me-262 type jet aircraft. Mustangs guarded them on landing when he was helpless.
And it was with the steam locomotives that the Mustangs had real problems. Two facts are reliably known when the Mustangs died attacking railway targets.
The most unlucky pilot on the Mustang R-51D found some kind of railway train and, well, pick it with machine guns. And there were warheads for ballistic missiles FAU-2. Gasped so that the column of the explosion rose to 5 km. Of course, there was nothing left of the Mustang.
The second unlucky pilot decided to rehearse the attack of his Mustang on the locomotive in the forehead. Well, I thought something was wrong, it was smeared along the rails somewhere 800 meters before the locomotive. The crew of the locomotive escaped with a slight fright.

7. But, of course, there were also successful Mustang pilots. The most productive US Air Force pilot, George Preddy, shot down 5 or 6 Messerschits in one go. By the way - he has a short but fascinating biography.
His wingman became famous as a "hornet killer", he shot down quite a lot of Me-410 "Hornisse" ("Hornet"). And in the eighties, the follower died ... from the sting of a hornet!

8. The plane was still in service for a long time in different countries.
For example, in Israel, he served wing to wing with Czech-made Messers and they merrily fought with Egyptian Spitfires and Mosquitos.
After Korean War a large number of Mustangs passed into civilian use to participate in air shows and various competitions.
And the Mustang was completely withdrawn from service in 1984.

9. Two of these Mustang P-51s from the British club "The Air Squadron" recently visited Sevastopol, where I had a chance to talk a little with their pilots and mechanics.
For example, this instance (tail number 472216) managed to fight on the fronts of World War II. British pilots shot down 23 German fighters on it. As a reminder of this - 23 swastikas around the cockpit. The victims of the Mustang were mostly Nazi Messerschmitt Bf.109. Despite its advanced age, the aircraft is in excellent condition - it can accelerate to 700 kilometers per hour.

10. The owner of this Mustang is Robs Lamplow, a veteran of the British Royal Air Force. He found it in 1976 in Israel. The plane stood semi-dismantled in the local "collective farm" and served as a toy for children. Robbs bought it, completely refurbished it and has been flying the Mustansha for almost 40 years. "I'm 73, the plane is 70. We're flying. We're not getting sand out of us yet," says Robbs.

11. How much does such an aircraft cost now, its owner does not say. In 1945, a P-51 Mustang cost $51,000. For this money in the fifties of the last century, you could buy 17 Chevrolet Corvette cars. If inflation is taken into account, $51,000 in 1945 is the current $660,000.

12. The aircraft features a spacious cabin and the complexity of piloting when the tanks are full (the center of gravity slides back). By the way, for the first time, an anti-g compensation suit was used on it, which made it possible to perform aerobatics and shoot at high overloads.
The Mustang is quite vulnerable from behind and below - there are practically uncovered water and oil radiators: one rifle chamber and the "Indian" is no longer up to the battle - they could reach the front line.

13. Mustang exhaust pipes

14. Proud American star.

15. Pilot of the second Mustang P-51, who visited Sevastopol, Maxi Gainza.

16. A convenient trunk and a spare parts warehouse are arranged in the wing.

17. The plate says that this copy (by the way, training) was released in 1944.

18. The mouth of the tank in the wing of the Mustang

19. Mustangs in the sky of Crimea.

20.

for preparing the text and some Interesting Facts Thank you very much Mustang

North American P-51 "Mustang", considered the best American fighter Second World War, and inferior only in mass, was designed under the leadership of L. Atwood on a British order received in May 1940 (although preliminary studies on an initiative basis have been carried out since the summer of 1939). The project, which received the NA-73 brand index, was developed for the Allison V-1710-F3R 12-cylinder liquid-cooled engine (1100 hp). The aircraft had an all-metal construction with a working skin. The wing received a laminar profile. Particular attention was paid to manufacturability and the relative cheapness of production. From the very beginning, it was planned to protect fuel tanks and install armored glass.

The NA-73X prototype first flew on October 26, 1940. Tests showed very promising results - the aircraft's speed was 40 km / h faster than that of the P-40 with the same engine. The production of aircraft under the British order at the plant in Inglewood began in April 1941, and in September 1941 the Air Force of the US Army also ordered the aircraft.

The main modifications of the P-51 "Mustang":

"Mustang"Mark. l- V-1710-39 engine (1150 hp). Armament - 4 12.7 mm machine guns (2 synchronous fuselage and 2 wing; ammunition load of 400 rounds), 4 7.7 mm wing machine guns (500 rounds each). Manufactured 620 aircraft.

R-51 - armed with 4 20-mm Hispano Mk.ll wing cannons. In September 1941, 150 vehicles were ordered for delivery to Great Britain under Lend-Lease (British designation "Mustang" Mk.lA). Part of the aircraft was transferred to the US Army Air Force and converted into F-6B photo reconnaissance aircraft.

R-51 A- engine V-1710-81 (1200 hp). Armament - 4 12.7-mm wing-mounted machine guns (350 rounds of ammunition per barrel for internal and 280 for external); suspension of two 227-kg bombs is possible. Since February 1943, 310 have been manufactured, of which 50 have been transferred to Great Britain (Mustang Mk.ll). 35 aircraft equipped with the AFA K-24 were designated F-6B.

R-51 IN- Packard V-1650-3 engine (1400 hp). The armament is similar to the R-51A. An additional fuselage fuel tank is installed on the R-51V-5 series, and the V-1650-7 engine (1450 hp) is installed on the R-51V-10 series. Since May 1943, 1988 vehicles have been produced. 71 reconnaissance aircraft designated F-6C. 274 aircraft delivered to Great Britain were designated "Mustang" Mk.NI.

R-51 WITH- an analogue of the R-51 B produced by a new plant in Dallas. From the R-51C-5 series, the V-1650-7 engine was installed. Starting from August 1943, 1750 aircraft were produced, 20 of them were converted into F-6C reconnaissance aircraft. The vehicles supplied to Great Britain (626 units) were designated "Mustang" Mk.NI.

P-51 D- a drop-shaped lantern was used, the chassis was reinforced. Engine V-1650-7. Armament - 6 12.7-mm wing-mounted machine guns (400 rounds of ammunition per barrel for the inner pair and 270 for the rest); it was allowed to dismantle an external pair of machine guns, while the ammunition load for the remaining ones was 400 rounds per barrel. From series P-51 D-25 suspension is provided for 6 127-mm NAR HVAR (10, if underwing PTBs were not suspended). 7956 vehicles were manufactured (6502 by the plant in Inglewood and 1454 in Dallas), of which 280 were delivered to the UK (Mustang Mk.IV) and 136 were converted into F-6D reconnaissance aircraft.

R-51K- differed from the P-51D in the type of propeller (Airproducts instead of Hamilton Standard). The plant in Dallas produced 1337 vehicles, of which 594 were delivered to the UK (Mustang Mk.lVA) and 163 were converted into F-6D reconnaissance aircraft.

R-51 H- V-1650-9 engine with a water-alcohol mixture injection system (power in emergency mode 2200 hp). Since February 1945, 555 vehicles have been produced at the Inglewood plant. The planned production of the R-51M variant (with the V-1650-9A engine without an injection system) by the plant in Dallas was canceled due to the end of the war - only 1 car was built.

Modifications XP-51F (light version with V-1650-3), XP-51G (with British Merlin 145M engine) and XP-51J (with V-1710-119 engine) were not serially built.

The total production of Mustangs in the United States amounted to 15,575 cars. In addition, the aircraft was built in Australia, where 100 P-51D kits were delivered in 1944. 80 of them were assembled under the local designation SA-17 "Mustang", 20 starting from February 1945, the rest were used as spare parts. Since 1947, another 120 SA-18 Mustang Mk.21, 22 and 23 aircraft, differing in engines, have been produced in Australia.

Flight performance North American P-51 "Mustang" Mk.I

Engine: Allison V-1710-39
power, hp: 1150
Wingspan, m.: 11.28
Aircraft length, m: 9.83
Aircraft height, m ​​.: 3.71
Wing area, sq. m.: 21.76
Weight, kg:
empty aircraft: 2717
takeoff: 3915
Maximum speed, km / h at an altitude of 6100 m: 615
Time to climb 1525 m, min: 2.2
Flight range, km (with PTB) 1200

Combat use of the P-51 Mustang

In the Royal Air Force, the 26th AE received the first Mustangs in February 1942, and by the middle of the year, 11 squadrons had already flown such machines. The first sortie took place on May 10, 1942, when the Mustangs stormed targets in France, and on August 19, aircraft of this type took part in air combat for the first time, providing a raid on Dieppe. Aircraft "Mustang" Mk.l and IA were used by the Royal Air Force until 1944, and only as attack aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft. In December 1943, the 65th AE received the first Mustang Mk.HI. In total, about 30 AEs were armed with such machines, including 3 Canadian and 3 Polish, operating as part of the Royal Air Force. "Mustang" III were used to escort bombers, as well as to intercept cruise missiles V-1. The Mustangs Mk.IV served in the same roles. In particular, by September 5, 1944, these aircraft shot down 232 V-1. British "Mustangs" were used mainly over Western Europe. In the Mediterranean theater of operations, their use was very limited. Approximately 600 Mustangs were planned to be transferred to Burma after the end of the war in Europe, but most of them did not have time to reach their destination before the surrender of Japan. After the end of the Second World War, the Mustangs in the UK were quickly withdrawn from service.

In the Air Force of the US Army, Mustangs were first used in combat in April 1943 by the 154th reconnaissance AE, armed with P-51 and F-6A and operating in North Africa. R-51A aircraft were used mainly in Burma in the 1st, 23rd and 311th IAG. R-51 V/S vehicles appeared on the European theater of operations in October 1943 - the 354th IAG was the first to receive them here. 11 air groups with such Mustangs were stationed in the UK, 4 more were based in Italy. Their main task was to escort bombers. In Burma, R-51 V / C fighters, starting from September 1943, were armed with three groups.

Since March 1944, P-51D aircraft appeared in Europe. The 55th group received them first. The new modification turned out to be an ideal escort fighter with a long range, high speed and rate of climb, as well as great firepower. Since the Allied landings in Normandy, Mustangs have become one of the main means of close air support, acting as fighter-bombers and attack aircraft. In addition, they were successfully used to intercept Me-262 jet fighters. In the UK, P-51D / K received 14 air groups, in Italy - 4. In the Pacific theater, P-51D / K debuted at the end of 1944. In addition to escorting B-29 bombers, they were used to attack ground targets in the Philippines and Taiwan, and from moment of capture. Iwo Jima and the arrangement of airfields there - and on the Japanese islands.

Mustangs own 4,590 out of 10,720 air victories, declared by the US Army Air Forces in Europe, as well as 4131 of the 8160 enemy aircraft destroyed on the ground.

In the post-war period, Mustangs, starting in May 1946, were transferred to the Air Force National Guard. In 1948, the designations P-51 and F-6 were changed to F-51 and RF-51, respectively. The American F-51D was widely used during the Korean War - mainly as fighter-bombers. The last Mustangs were withdrawn from service with the National Guard Air Force in 1957.

The Free French Air Force used the Mustangs, mainly in the reconnaissance version - from January 1945, the GR 2/33 squadron flew the F-6C / D.

The Royal Australian Air Force received the Mustangs at the Pacific Theater of Operations - in addition to the locally assembled vehicles mentioned above, 214 P-51D and 84 P-51 K came directly from the USA. But the units they armed reached combat readiness only at the end of hostilities, although they participated in the occupation Japan. 77th AE in 1950-1951 flew Mustangs in Korea.

30 P-51D received in 1945 New Zealand, but they did not participate in hostilities, having served until 1950. Canada received 100 P-51Ds shortly before the end of the war. A batch of aircraft of this modification was also transferred to the Air Force of the Union of South Africa - in 1950-1953. the 2nd AE fought on the P-51D in Korea.

China in 1943-1944 received 100 P-51 V / S, and in 1946 - 100 P-51D. Aircraft were used in civil war, and after 1949 for some time remained in service in both the PRC and Taiwan.

The USSR received 10 Mustangs Mk.l at the beginning of 1942. Three of them in August 1942 underwent military trials on the Kalinin Front, receiving a negative assessment from combatant pilots. In the future, Mustangs Mk.l were used only for training and experimental purposes - as well as several aircraft of later modifications that made forced landings on a controlled Soviet troops territory.

First post-war years Sweden, Switzerland, Italy received large batches of P-51Ds. Also, machines of this type were supplied to the Netherlands (for service in the East Indies) to Israel, South Korea, Indonesia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Uruguay, Haiti. In most countries of the "third world" these aircraft served until the end of the 60s.

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Mustang P51-D is my favorite DIY aircraft!

The Mustang P51-D aircraft model has the following characteristics:

Swing 81 cm.
Weight 320 grams (with a heavy battery) and 300 with a light one.
Engine thrust 290 grams.

Download aircraft model drawings Mustang P51-D is possible.
The blueprints have been reworked to make an aircraft model from ceiling tiles.

The Mustang P-51D aircraft model I made before takeoff looks like this:

All photos in this article are clickable and have a size of 640x480 for a more detailed look at the manufacturing process.

The main advantage of this aircraft model is that it is small - it is convenient to store it in the apartment (it lies on the refrigerator), flies well and is easy to manufacture. I trusted her friend, who had practically no flight experience (a little simulator and a couple of not very successful attempts to fly on a high-wing trainer), he easily coped with the controls in flight and only when landing he "tumbled" the model aircraft into the snow flying behind him. The Mustang was not hurt!

The manufacturing technology is called "sandwich" - as it consists in cutting out fuselage templates (longitudinal sections of the aircraft), gluing them together and modifying them with a file! :)
Well, not with a file, but with sandpaper, but it doesn’t change the essence - purely Russian technology :) Refinement simply smooths out the transitions of the layers between themselves.

That's what I call my Mustang P-51D - sandwich Mustang or sandwich small fry :)

materials

In order to make an aircraft model from a ceiling using sandwich technology, you will need the following:

Packaging of ceiling tiles without embossed pattern.
Wooden ruler 30 cm for making a spar or bamboo sticks with a diameter of 2.5-3 mm (skewers for kebabs or pulled out of an Ikea pan napkin stand)
Glue for ceiling tiles Titanium or PPU glue Regent. For more information about adhesives, see the article Adhesives in Modeling.
Office knife for papers.
Gel or capillary pen for tracing templates.
Fine sandpaper.
Tape for covering.
2 bicycle spokes for making the chassis (can be replaced with "piano" wire).

I use colored adhesive tape for covering, I bought it in a stationery store, but you can paint an aircraft model, for example acrylic paints and cover with clear tape. You can also color with markers, but they fade in the sun.

Center of Gravity of Sandwich Mustang P-51D: I flew with the CG 0.5cm forward of the center of the wing spar.

The electronics used on the aircraft model are as follows:

Electric motor EK05-001, servos 9 grams - 4 pieces, regulator for bk engines and 4-channel receiver, battery 2S 800.

Electronics for aircraft model Mustang fashionable to buy at Hobbycity or ParkFlyer.ru

Engines fit the following:

Regulators for these motors can be taken from the list

You can take 20C, but they are heavier, and the capacity and flight time are the same.

Batteries should be bought at once a couple or three pieces. Since going out into the field for the sake of 10 minutes of flight soon becomes lazy and you start to carry a charger and a large battery with you :)

servos take

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At the end of 1943, Japanese pilots encountered a new enemy aircraft - the American P-51 Mustang fighter. Despite some initial successes, it soon became apparent that the new fighter was a deadly foe. With the advent of the Merlin-powered P-51B/C and P-51D modifications, the problems only got worse.

As losses increased due to the Mustangs, it became a priority for the Japanese to study the enemy aircraft in the hope that the significant tactical shortcomings of this fighter could give chances in future dogfights. It can be assumed that the Japanese could have studied the wreckage of the aircraft and other materials related to the Mustang, but this was not enough to fully assess the characteristics of this type of aircraft.

The importance of carefully evaluating enemy aircraft can hardly be overestimated. So the Americans, shortly after the battle at Midway Atoll, captured a Japanese carrier-based fighter intact. The car was sent to the USA and went through a full cycle of tests, confirming what was already known: the Zero was almost impossible to win in low-speed cornering battles. However, during the tests, it was found that the Japanese fighter was a rather weak enemy at high speeds. The result was a move by the Americans to high-speed hit-and-run tactics that enabled them to defeat the Japanese and gain air supremacy.

On January 16, 1945, the Japanese military had the opportunity to get to know the Mustang better: on this day, the fighter of First Lieutenant Oliver E. Strawbridge from the 26th Fighter Squadron of the 51st Fighter Group (1.Lt. Oliver E. Strawbridge of the 26th Fighter Squadron , 51st Fighter Group) was hit by anti-aircraft fire and landed at the Suchin airfield, located in Japanese-occupied Chinese territory. Some sources say that the landing was made with the wheels up, while others indicate that the landing was carried out in the usual way. The photographs of the aircraft, which fell from the hands of the Japanese, show no visible signs of damage or repair. If Strawbridge had made a landing with the landing gear retracted, the damage to the propeller and ventral air intake would have been very difficult for the Japanese to try to repair this damage. Therefore, it can be assumed that the P-51 was captured intact.

two photographs of First Lieutenant Strawbridge and his Evalina fighter taken before a sortie on January 16, 1945 (USAF)

In any case, the P-51C-11-NT fighter, which received from the pilot given name"Evalina", was quickly captured by Japanese troops. Whatever the damage to the aircraft, it was quickly repaired. On top of the American stars, the Japanese applied hinomaru, while otherwise the captured aircraft remained in its original color.

Evalina was sent to the Fussa test center of the Japanese army aviation(Japanese Army Air Inspection Center) (now Yokota Air Base), where Yasuhiko Kuroe, an ace who won 30 victories, flew around.

In Fussa, the evaluation of the Mustang's performance was performed by Kuroe, who recalled:

“I was surprised by its performance. The turning characteristics were excellent - almost the same as the Ki-84 in a level turn. The radio transmitter was excellent, the weapons and other miscellaneous equipment were very good, especially when compared to their Japanese equivalents. Among other things, the aircraft was equipped with a radio direction finder (2).

His short-term development maximum speed was lower than the purchased FW 190A, but the speed and stability in a dive were excellent. After testing the fuel consumption, we calculated that aircraft of this type would be able to fly over Japan after taking off from Iwo Jima. Some time later, it became a reality.”

"Evalina" before the capture with designations corresponding to the 51st Fighter Group © Gaëtan Marie


"Evalina" with hinomaru painted over American stars © Gaetan Marie

the aircraft was shot down by anti-aircraft fire on January 16, 1945 and made an emergency landing on the fuselage at the Suchin airfield, located in Japanese-occupied Chinese territory. The Japanese restored the aircraft, put a hinomaru on it and sent it to the test center located in Fussa (now Yokota Air Base)

The Evalina was later transferred to the Akeno-based Flying Training Division for further evaluations and air combat training with Ki-43, Ki-61 and Ki-84 fighters. In mid-April 1945, Kuroe was appointed commander of the "flying circus", which consisted of captured Allied aircraft. "Air Circus" overflew Japanese fighter units with the task of training pilots in methods of dealing with enemy fighters. One pilot who benefited from the training was 18th Sentai First Lieutenant Masatsugu Sumita, who recalled learning

"like being chased out of a P-51 strike."

At that time, the 18th Sentai flew the Ki-100, one of the few Japanese fighters that, despite the worst equipment, had comparable to the Mustang General characteristics. Kuroe stated:

"I had such confidence in this P-51 that I wasn't afraid of any Japanese fighters with it."

two Japanese pilots, Evalina in the background, presumably taken in Fusse

According to Japanese impressions, the Mustang was an overall excellent aircraft with excellent equipment and no serious flaws. The absence of oil leaks was most surprising since all Japanese engines suffered from oil leakage to some degree.

Several pilots were invited to fly the Mustang, including Yohei Hinoki, the first Japanese pilot to shoot down a P-51 in November 1943. A few days later, he himself was hit by a Mustang and lost his leg. After receiving a prosthesis, he managed to return to duty and fight, ending the war with a dozen victories): (3)

“Major General Imagawa asked me to fly a P-51 and demonstrate the aircraft to other pilots. Due to my injured leg, I didn't have much confidence in my ability to fly such an advanced aircraft, but I decided to do my best and do my best.

I flew to Omasa airfield and finally got a chance to look at the P-51. I could see the superiority of his equipment, and his highly polished fuselage with a painted red dragon's mouth. To the side of the cockpit, I saw several red dots - probably these were marks of Japanese planes shot down by the pilot. With a radiator located under the fuselage, the fighter looked very sleek and deadly.

This reminded me of the first time I saw a P-51 in the sky over Burma on November 25, 1945. Major Kuroe, who ferried the P-51 from China, told me that the Mustang was easy to fly. Once in the cockpit, I was very impressed with its spacious size, as well as the fact that the rudder pedals did not create problems for my artificial leg. On the plane, I discovered a few new things for myself. First of all, it is a bulletproof glass with a better degree of transparency than thin Japanese; secondly, the seat was protected by a thick steel plate, which I had not seen before on fighters. Also on the plane were an automatic radiator shutter and an oxygen system, which I was new to. Overall, it was better equipped than any Japanese aircraft I have ever seen."

another shot of a P-51 "Evalina" in Japan. The interiors of the main landing gear niche doors are lowered, probably indicating that the engine was recently shut down. Please note that the tail is mounted on a barrel

In the end, the burnt-out generator put Evalina on hold. In addition to the P-51C "Evalina" in 1945 on Japanese islands two P-51Ds were captured, but their fate remains unknown.

1. The information was taken from Jeffrey Ethell's “Mustang, a documentary history” book.
2. At the beginning of the war, most Japanese fighters did not have radios. Later, all fighters received receiving radio stations, but the quality of the latter was low, which created certain problems for the pilots.
3. The information was taken from the book "Mustang, a documentary history" by Jeffrey Ethel.

sources:

• http://www.mustang.gaetanmarie.com/articles/Japan/Japanese%20Captured%20P-51%20Mustang.htm
• http://www.ww2aircraft.net/forum/aviation/captured-p-51-combat-7256-3.html

bNETYLBOGSCH FPCE VPTPMYUSH BL HMHYUYOYE PVPTB Y LBVYOSCH "nHUFBOZB". CHEDSH H VPA ON OBBYUYF PYUEOSH NOPZP: FPF, LFP OBNEFIYM CHTBZB RETCHSHCHN, RPMHYUBEF PZTPNOPE RTEINKHEUFCHP. VSHCHMP CHSHCHDCHYOHFP FTEVPCHBOYE PVEUREYUYFSH VEURTERSFCHEOOOSCHK PVPT ABOUT 360°. 17 OPSVTS 1943 Z. ABOUT YURSHCHFBOIS CHCHYOM DPTBVPFBOOSCHK t-51 h-1 UP UTEBOOSCHN ZBTZTPFPN Y UCHETIEOOOP OPCHSHCHN ZhPOBTEN. PUFBCHYKUS RPYUFY OEYNEOOOSCHN UFBTSHK LPShCHKTEL UPYEFBMY U BLDOEK UELGEK CH CHYDE PZTPNOPZP RKHSHCHTS VE RETERMEFPCH. POBOE PFLYDSCHCHBMBUSH CHVPL, BUDCHYZBMBUSH OBBD RP FTEN OBRTBCHMSAEIN - DCHKHN RP VPLBN Y PDOK RP PUY UBNPMEFB. tBDYPBOFEOOOB OBFSZYCHBMBUSH NETsDH CHETIHYLPK LYMS Y TBNPK b RPDZPMCHOYLPN LTEUMB RYMPFB. lPZDB ЪBDOAA UELGYA ZHPOBTS UDCHYZBMY, BOFEOOB ULPMSHYMB YUETEE CHFKHMLH CH RTPDEMBOOPN CH OEK PFCHETUFYY. eEE PDOH BOFEOOCH, TSEUFLHA NEUECHYDOHA, TBNEUFYMY ACCOUNTING ABOUT THE BDOEK YUBUFY ZHAEMMSTSB. rty RTPELFYTPCHBOY OPCHPZP ZHPOBTS LPOUFTHLFPTBN RTYYMPUSH TEYBFSH DCHE CHBTSOSCHE BDBYUY: PVEUREYUEOYS TSEUFLPUFY RMBUFNBUUPCHPZP "RKHSHCHTS" Y UPITBOEOYS IPTPYEK BYTPDYOBNYLY ZHAEMSCE. lPOFHTSCH UDCHYTSOPK UELGYY CHSHCHVTBMY RPUME OEPDOPLTTBFOSHCHI RTPDKHCHPL CH BYTPDYOBNYUEULPK FTHVE YHHUMPCHYS UPODBOIS NYOYNBMSHOPZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS. RPD OPCHSHCHN ZHPOBTEN H LBVYOE UFBMP RTPUFPTOEE, B PVPT HMHYUYMUS NOPZPLTBFOP. CHPF FBL "nHUFBOZ" RTYPVTEM UCHPK RTYCHSHCHUOSCHK IBTBLFETOSHCHK PVMIL.

rPUME YURSCHFBOYK OPCHSCHK ZHPOBTSH VSCHM PDPVTEO Y YURPMSHЪPCHBO ABOUT UMEDHAEEK NPDYZHYLBGYY, P-51D. POB PFMYUBMBUSH OE FPMSHLP PUFELMEOYEN LBVYOSCH. iPTDH LPTOECHPK YUBUFY LTSHMB HCHEMIYUYMY, BYBMY NETSDH LTSCHMPN Y ZHAEMSTSEN ABOUT RETEDOEK LTPNLE UFBM VPMEE CHSHTBTSEOOSCHN. RTY CHZMSDE ACCOUNT OF YJMPN RETEDOEK LTPNLY LTSCHMB UFBM ЪBNEFOEE. tPUF CHMEFOPZP CHEUB PF NPDYZHYLBGYY L NPDYZHYLBGYY PFTYGBFEMSHOP ULBSCCHBMUS ABOUT RTPYUOPUFY YBUUY. about t-51D UFPKLY PUOPCHOSHI PRPT KHUYMYMY, OP LPMEUB PUFBMYUSH RTETSOEZP TBNETB. ъBFP OYYY, LHDB HVYTBMYUSH UFPKLY Y LPMEUB RETEDEMMBMY, FBLCE LBL Y RTILTSCHCHBAEYE YI UFCHPTLY.

ChPPTKhTSEOYE RP UTBCHOEOYA U t-51ch KHUIMYMY. FERETSCH U LBTsDPK UFPTPOSCH CH LTSCHME NPOFITPCHBMYUSH FTY 12.7-NN RHMENEFB. vPEBRBU X VMYTSOYI L ZHAEMSTSH RHMENEFPCH UPUFBCHMSM 400 RBFTPOCH, X DCHHI DTHZYI - RP 270. THLBCH UFBM RTSNCHN, VE YYZYVB, UFP DPMTSOP VSCHMP HNEOSHYYFSH CHETPSFOPUFSH BUFTECHBOYS CH OEN RBFTPOOPK MEOFSHCH RTY IOETZYYUOPN NBOECHTYTPCHBOY. rTEDHUNBFTYCHBMUS Y DTHZPK CHBTYBOF CHPPTHTSEOIS - YEFSHCHTE RKHMENEFB U BRBUPN RP 400 RBFTPOCH ABOUT UFCHPM. RTY LFPN YUFTEVYFEMSH UFBOPHYMUS MEZUE Y EZP MEFOSHCHE DBOOSCHE HMHYUYBMYUSH. CHUS LPOUFTHLGYS VSHCHMB UDEMBOB FBL, YuFP RETEDEMBLB YJ PDOPZP CHBTYBOFB CH DTHZPK NPZMB VSHCHRPMOEOOB OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP CH CHPYOULPK YUBUFY.

RETED LPSCHTSHLPN CH LBVYOE UFPSM OPCHSCHK RTYGEM l-14 (CHNEUFP VPMEE RTPUFPZP N-3B). FP VSHCHM CHBTYBOF BOZMYKULPZP PVTBGB. by OBBYUYFEMSHOP HRTPEBM RTPGEUU RTYGEMYCHBOYS. RYMPFH DPUFBFPYuOP VSCHMP CHCHEUFY CH OEZP BTBOEE Y'CHEUFOSHCHK TBNBI LTSCHMSHECH CHTBTSEULPZP UBNPMEFB Y RTYGEM ZHPTNYTPCHBM ABOUT UFELME LTHZ UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEEZP TBbNETB. lPZDB UBNPMEF RTPFYCHOYLB CHRYUSCHCHBMUS CH UCHEFSEIKUS LTHZ, MEFUYL OBTSYNBM ZBYEFLH.

vPNVPDETTSBFEMY RPD LTSCHMPN KHUYMYMY, FBL UFP FERETSH UBNPMEF NPZ OEUFY DCHE VPNVSHCH RP 454 LZ - RP FEN CHTENEOBN LFP VSCHMB OPTNBMSHOBS VPNVPCHBS OBZTHЪLB ZhTPOFPCHPZP VPNVBTD YTPCHEILB. uPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP, CHNEUFP VPNV NPTsOP VSCHMP CHЪSFSH RPDCHEUOSCHE VBLY VPMSHYEK ENLPUFY.

rTEDHUNBFTYCHBMBUSH HUFBOPCHLB DCHYZBFEMS V-1650-7, LPFPTSCHK ABOUT YOUTECHSHCHYUBKOPN VPECHPN TETSYNE TBCHYCHBM 1750 M.U. according to CHTBEBM CHYOF "zBNYMSHFPO UFBODBTD" DYBNEFTPN 3.4 N.

OPCHYOLY, RTEDOBOBBYEOOSCH DMS P-51D, PRTPVPCHBMY ABOUT DCHHI t-51ch-10, RPMHYUYCHYI OCHPE PVP-OBYEOOYE NA-106. LFY NBYYOSCH RPMHYUYMY LBRMECHIDOSCHE ZHPOBTY. PDOBLP RETCHSHCHE UETYKOSHCHE P-51D-1, YJZPFPCHMEOOSHCH H IOZMCHKHDE, PFMYUBMYUSH KHUYMEOOCHN YBUUY, OPHSCCHN CHPPTHTSEOYEN Y CHUEN PUFBMSHOSHCHN, OP ZHPOBTY LBVYO KH OYI VSCHMY UVBTSCHE, RP FY RH t-51ch. fBLYI NBYO UPVTBMY CHUEZP YEFSCHTE. CHYDYNP, YI FPTS TBUUNBFTYCHBMY LBL PRSHCHFOSHCHE, CH UFTPECHSHCHE YUBUFY SING OE RPRBMY.

rPUMEDHAEYE P-51D-5 fBLYE NBYYOSCH UFTPIMYUSH ABOUT DCHHI OBCHPDBI, CH IOZMCHKHDE Y dBMMBUE. l FFPNH READING UYUFENB PVP-OBYUEOIS CHPEOOSHHI UBNPMEFPCH Ch uyb ​​OENOZP YЪNEOYMBUSH. oEVPMSHYE PFMYYUYS H LPNRMELFBGYY NBYO, CHSHCHRHEOOOSHI TBOSCHNY RTEDRTYSFYSNY, RPLBSCCHBMY HCE OE VHLCHPK NPDYZHYLBGYY, B DCHKHIVHLCHEOOOSCHN LPDPN, RTYUCHPEOOSHCHN BCHPD BN-JZPFPCHYFEMSN. fBL, H yOZMCHKhDE UPVYTBMY t-51-D-5-NA, B H dBMMBUE - P-51D-5-NT. WHAT SHOULD YOU SING YOUR INFORMATION?

UTEBOOSHCHK ZBTZTPF RTYCHEM L HNEOSHYOYA VPLPPCHPK RPCHETIOPUFY BLDOEK YUBUFY ZHAEMSTSB, UFP PFTYGBFEMSHOP ULBBMPUSH ABOUT LHTUPPCHPK HUFPKYUYCHPUFY. DMS RTPFICHPDEKUFCHYS FFPNH LPOUFTHLFPTSCH RTEMPTSYMY UDEMBFSH OEPPMSHYPK ZHPTLYMSH. JPTLIMSH CHCHEMY ABOUT CHUEI YUFTEVYFEMSI, OBJOYOBS U UETYY P-51D-10. yuBUFSH CHSHCHHRHEOOOSCHI TBOEE NBYYO VSCHMB DPTBVPFBOB RPDPVOSHCHN PVTBPN "UBDOIN YUYUMPN". ZhPTLIMSHOE FPMSHLP LPNREOUYTPCHBM HNEOSHYOYE RMPEBDY ZHAEMSTsB, OP Y HMHYUYM RPCHEDEOYE "nHUFBOZB" U BRPMOEOOSCHN ZHAEMMSTSOSCHN VBLPN.

UPRTPFYCHMEOYE OENEGLPK BCHYBGIY RPUFEREOOP PUMBVECHBMP. chTBTSEULIE UBNPMEFSCH CHUFTEYUBMYUSH CH OEVE CHUE TETSE. FP PFTBYIMPUSH ABOUT DBMSHOEKYEK CHPMAGYY "nHUFBOZB". CHP-RETCHSCHI, UBNPMEFSHCH NPDYZHYLBGYY D RETEUFBMY LTBUYFSH. nBULYTPCHLH ABOUT ENME Y CH CHP DHIE CH HUMPCHYSI ZPURPDUFCHB CH OEVE UPYUM Y Y'MYYOYOK. yUFTEVYFEMY UFBMY UCHETLBFSH RPMYTPCHBOOSCHN NEFBMMPN. RTY LFPN Y FEIOPMPZYUEULPZP RTPGEUUB YUYUEMMY PRETBGYY RPLTBULY Y UHYLY, BY UFBM VSHCHUFTEE Y DEYECHME. CHEU UBNPMEFB OENOPZP HNEOSHYYMUS (OB 5-7 LZ), B EZP BYTPDYOBNYLB HMHYuYMBUSH - CHEDSH RPMYTPCHBOOSCHK NEFBMM VSHCHM VPMEE ZMBDLYN, YUEN LNBMSH. h UHNNE LFP DBMP OELPFPTHA RTYVBCHLH H ULPTPUFY. eDIOUFCHEOOOSCHN NEUFPN, LPFPTPE ABOUT BCHPDE PLTBYCHBMPUSH PVSBFEMSHOP, VSCHMB HЪLBS RPMPUB PF LPPSCHTSHLB LBVYOSCH DP LPLB CHYOFB. Pobtshchbmbush nbfpchpkhpkha Yuetopzp YMI Fenop-PMCHLPCPZP HCHFPCH IMHCIMB DMS Kommers RimePFB PF VMILPCH, UPDBCHENSHENSRY STLENE OF ZMBDLPNENS. yOPZDB LFH RPMPUH RTPDPMTSBMY Y OBBD, PF OBDOEK LTPNLY ZHPOBTS DP OBYUBMB ZHPTLYMS.

CHP-CHFPTSCHI, "nHUFBOZY" UFBMY TECE CHEUFY CHPDHYOSCHE VPY Y YUBEE BFBLPCBFSH GEMY ABOUT ENME. uFPVSH RPCHSHCHUIFSH YZHZHELFYCHOPUFSH NBYYOSCH LBL YFHTNPCHYLB, HER UOBVDYMY TBLEFOSCHN CHPPTHTSEOYEN. ffp UDEMBMY ABOUT UETYY P-51D-25. rTEDHUNBFTYCHBMYUSH DCHB PUOPCHOSHI CHBTYBOFB: UFTPEOOSH FTHVYUBFSHCHE OBRTBCHMSAEIE Y VEVBMPYUOBS RPDCHEULB. h RETCHPN UMHYUBE UBNPMEF OEU DCHE UCHSHLY RHULPCHSCHI FTHV ABOUT UREGYBMSHOSHCHI LTERMEOYSI RPD LPOUPMSNY, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHNY VMYCE L BLPOGPCHLBN LTSCHMB, Yuen VPNVPDETTSBFEMY. fBLPE ChPPTKhTSEOYE HTS PRTPVPCHBMPUSH TBOEE ABOUT DTKHZYI NPDYZHYLBGYSI "nHUFBOZB" Y RTYNEOSMPUSH ABOUT ZHTPOFE, OP OE UYUYFBMPUSH YFBFOSHCHN. uHEEUFCHPCHBMP FTY FIRB UFTPEOOOSCHI FTHVYUBFSHCHI RHULPCHSCHI HUFBOCHPL: HCE OBLPNSCHK CHBN n10 U FTHVBNY Y RMBUFNBUUSCH, n14 - Y U UVBMY Y n15 - Y NBZOYECHPZP URMB BW. rPUMEDOYE VSCHMY UBNSCHNY MEZLYNY. CHUE YNEMY PYO Y FPF TSE LBMYVT Y YURPMSHЪPCHBMY PRETEOOSH UOBTSSDCH n8 DMS REIPFOPZP TEBLFICHOPZP RTPFYCHPFBOLCHPZP ZTBOBFPNEFB.

PE CHFPTPN UMHYUBE ABOUT OITSOEK RPCHETIOPUFY LTSCHMB, PRSFSH-FBLY VMYCE L ЪBLPOGPCHLBN, BLTERMSMYUSH BLTSCHFSCHE PVFELBFEMSNY LTPOYFEKOSHCH U ЪBNLBNY. LTPOYFEKOPCH DMS LBTsDPK TBLEFSCH VSCHMP DCHB (RETEDOYK Y BDOYK), RHULPCHBS VBMLB PFUHFUFCHPCHBMB, RPFPNH LFPF ChBTYBOF YNEOPCHBMY RPDCHEULPK "OHMECHPK DMYOSCH". about ЪBNLY CHEYBMY OEHRTBCHMSENSCHE BCHYBGIPOOSCHE TBLEFSHCH HVAR LBMYVTB 127 NN. dBMSHOPUFSH UFTEMSHVSCH Y CHEU VPECPZP ЪBTSDB HOYI VSHMY VPMSHYE, YUEN X n8. RTY YURPMSHЪPCHBOY RPDCHEUOSCHI VBLPC "nHUFBOZ" Refinery ChЪSFSH YEUFSH TBLEF, VE YOYI - CHPUENSH YMY DBCE DEUSFSH. TBLEFOPE ChPPTKhTSEOYE OBYUYFEMSHOP TBUYYTYMP CHPNPTSOPUFY UBNPMEFB CH PFOPIOYY RPTBTSEOIS NBMPTBNETOSCHI Y RPDCHYTSOSCHI GEMEK.

dBMEE RPUMEDPCHBMB UETYS P-51D-30 U OEPPMSHYNY PFMYUYSNY RP PVPTKHDPCHBOYA. nPDYZHYLBGYS D UFBMB UBNPK NBUUPCHPK: H yOZMCHKhDE RPUFTPIYMY 6502 NBYOSCH, H dBMMBUE - 1454. lBCDShK Y Y OII PVPYEMUS BNETYLBOULPK LBOE H 51 572 DPMMBT, CHLMAYUBS UFP YNPUFSH RHMENEFPCH Y RTYGEMB, RPUFBCHMSCHYIUS RP DPZPCHPTTBN UP ULMBDPCH chchu. fBL YuFP OEUNPFTS ABOUT NBUUPCHPUFSH RTPY'CHPDUFCHB, LYODEMVETZET CH PVEEBOOSHCHE 40 PPP DPMMBTPCH OE HMPTSYMUS.

h UHNNH RPUFTPEOOSHCHI UBNPMEFPCH CHLMAYUEOSCH Y UREGYBMYYTPCHBOOSCHE CHBTYBOFSHCH ABOUT PUOPCHE DBOOPK NPDYZHYLBGYY. h RETCHHA PYUETEDSH, UFP ULTPUFOSHCHE ZhPFPTBCHEDYUYLY F-6D. yI DEMBMY CH dBMMBUE ABOUT VBE UBNPMEFPCH UETYK D-20, D-25 TH D-30. tBCHEDUYL OEU FTY ZHPFPBRRBTBFB: l-17 Y l-27 RTEDOBYOBYUBMYUSH DMS UYENLY U VPMSHYI CHSHCHUPF (DP 10 ppp N), l-22 - U NBMSCHI. CHUE FTY TBURPMBZBMYUSH CH ЪBDOEK YUBUFY ZHAEMSTSB. pDYO PVYAELFICH UNPFTEM CHOI, DCHB - CHMECHP. ChPPTKhTSEOYE YYEUFY RHMENEFPCH U RPMOSHCHN VPEBRBUPN UPITBOSMPUSH. PUFBMYUSH Y VPNVPDETTSBFEMY - DMS RPDCHEUOSCHI VBLHR. TBCHEDUYLY PVSCHYUOP PUOBEBMY TBDYPRPMHLPNRBUBNY. lPMSHGECHBS TBNLB CH LFPN UMHYUBE TBURPMBZBMBUSH ABOUT ZHAEMTSET RETED ZHPTLYMEN. CHUEZP CHSHCHRHUFYMY 136 F-6D. yЪ-ЪB UDCHYZB GEOPTPCHLY OBBD RYMPFYTPCHBOYE TBCHEDYUYLB VSCHMP OEULPMSHLP UMPTSOEEE, YUEN YUFTEVYFEMS.

h UFTCHSCHI YUBUFSI Y RPMECHSCHI NBUFETULYI FPTS RETEDEMSHCHCHBMY P-51D H TBCHEDUYLY. LFY LHUFBTOSHCHE CHBTYBOFSHCH PFMYYUBMYUSH PF F-6D LPNRMELFBGYEK BRRBTBFHTSC Y HER TBURPMPTSEOEN. ChPPTKhTSEOYE ABOUT OII NPZMP UPUFPSFSh YEUFY, YUEFSHCHTEI Y DCHHI RHMENEFPCH YMY CHPPVEE PFUHFUFCHPCHBFSH.

ABOUT VBE FEI TSE RPUMEDOYI UETYK P-51D BDOAA LBVYOH, CH LPFPTPK LET'S GO JOUFTTHLFPT, TBURPMPTSYMY ABOUT NEUFE ZHAEMTSOPZP FPRMYCHOPZP VBLB. rTYYMPUS HVTBFSH PFFHDB Y TBDYPPVPTHDPCHBOYE. pVE LBVYOSCH OBLTSCCHBMYUSH PVEEK GEMSHOPK OBDOEK YUBUFSHHA ZHPOBTS. rTY LFPN YURPMSHЪPCHBMY UFBODBTFOKHA UELGYA, RPD LPFPTPK NEUFB ICHBFBMP Y DMS YOUFTHLFPTB, Y DMS PVCYUBENPZP. x PVPYI NPOFITPCHBMYUSH RTYVPTOSHCHE DPULY Y PTZBOSCH HRTBCHMEOYS.

RETUPOMBSHOSCHK DCHHINEUFOSHCHK "nHUFBOZ" YNEMUS X ZEOETBMB d. ABOUT OEN ON RTPCHPDYM TELPZOPUGYTPCHLH RETEDPCHSCHI RPYGYK. IPFS X ZEOETBMB YNEMUS DIRMPN MEFUYLB, PO OE RYMPFYTPCHBM "nHUFBOZ" UBN - EZP CHPYIMY. h BDOEK LBVYOE, WE WILL GO HERE, DBCE OE VSCHMP CHFPTPZP HRTBCHMEOYS, BFP NPOFITPCHBMUS ULMBDOPK UFPMYL DMS LBTF Y DPLKHNEOPCH.

pDIO P-51D DPTBVPFBMY DMS RTYNEOEOYS U BCHYBOPUGB. ABOUT BCHPDE H dBMMBUE RMBOET OEULPMSHLP HUYMYMY, HUFBOPCHYMY BICHBFSCH DMS LBFBRHMSHFSHCH, B RPD ICHPUFPPK YUBUFSHHA ZHAEMSCB UNPOFYTPCHBMY RPUBDPUOSCHK ZBL DMS BICHBFB FTPPUCH BTPJOYETTB. uOBYUBMB ABOUT CHPEOOP-NPTULPK VBE CH zhYMBDEMSHZHYY RPRTPVPCHBMY UBDYFSHUS ABOUT LPOFHT RBMHVSHCH, OBTYUPCHBOOSCHK ABOUT CHMEFOP-RPUBDPYuOPK RPMPUE. bFEN ABOUT PVSCHUOPN "nHUFBOZE" t.

at 15 OPSVTS 1944 Z. FFPF YUFTEVYFEMSH YURSHCHFSHCHBMUS ABOUT BCHYBOPUGE "YBOZTY MB"; RYMPFYTPCHBM NBYYOH NPTULPK MEFUYL MEKFEOBOP t. vshchmp puchetyeop yuefshchte chmefb y ufpmshlp tse rpubdpl u btpzhyoyyetpn. UBNPMEF PFTSCHCHBMUS PF RBMHVSHCH, RTPVETSBCH CHUEZP 77 N, RTPVEZ ABOUT RPUBDLE TBCHOSMUS 25 N. OP CHUE LFP DEMBMPUSH RTY NYINKHNE ZPTAYUEZP Y VEI RBFTPOCH DMS RHMENEFPCH.

rPtse RPDPVOSCHN PVTBPN NPDYZHYGYTPCHBMY DTKhZPK P-51D, LPFPTSHCHK FBLTS RPDLMAYUYMUS L YURSHCHFBOISN. uFPVSH RPCHSHCHUIFSH RHFECHA HUFPKYUYCHPUFSH, ABOUT PVPYI UBNPMEFBI, PVP-OBYOOOSCHI ETF-51D, OBTBUFYMY CHCHETI LIMSH. pDOBLP CHUE LFP PUFBMPUSH H TBNLBI LURETYNEOFB.

PUEOSHA 1944 Z. DCHB P-51D RPVIMY OEPJYGYBMSHOSHCHK BNETYLBOULYK TELPTD FTBOULPOFYEOFBMSHOPZP RETEMEFB - PF PLEBOB DP PLEBOB. rPMLPCHOYL REFETUPO Y MEKFEOBOP LBTFET CHSHCHMEFEMY ABOUT OPCHEOSHLYI YUFTEVYFEMSI Y yOZMCHKHDB. REFETUPO UEM CH OSHA-KPTLULPN BTPRPTFFH JIa zBTDIB Yuete 6 Yubupch 31 NYOHFH Y 30 UELHOD RPUME CHSHCHMEFB. y LFPZP READING 6 NYOHF U NEMPYUSHA ON RPFTBFIYM ABOUT RTPNETSHFPYUOKHA RPUBDLKh UP UFTENYFEMSHOPK DPBBRTBCHLPK. lBTFET HUFHRIM RPMLPCHOYLH WENSH NYOHF.

h dBMMBUE RTBLFYUEULY RBTMBMMEMSHOP U NPDYZHYLBGYEK D CHSHCHRHULBMUS PYUEOSH RPIPTSYK FYR l. EZP RTPYCHPDUFCHP OBYUBMPUSH OB OEULPMSHLP NEUSGECH RPCE. t-51l PFMYYUBMUS CHYOFPN "bTPRTPDBLFU" YUHFSH NEOSHIEZP DYBNEFTTB, YUEN X "zBNYMSHFPO UFBODBTD" - 3.36 N. Y VSCHMY GEMSHOSHCHNY Y Y'ZPFPCHMSMYUSH Y' BMANYOYECHPZP URMBCHB, B X "bTPRTPDBLFU" - UFBMSHOSHCHE RPMSCHE. OPCHSHCHK RTPREMMET YNEM VPMSHYK DYBRBPO HZMPCH RPCHPTPFB MPRBUFEK, B EZP NEIBOYN VSHCHUFTEE NEOSM VPMSHYPK YBZ ABOUT NBMSCHK Y OPPVPTPF. pDOBLP "bTPRTPDBLFU" PVMBDBM IHDYEK HTBCHOPCHEYOOOPUFSHHA, UFP ULBSCCHBMPUSH H VPMEE CHSHCHUPLPN HTPCHOE CHYVTBGYK. MEFOSHCH DBOOSCHE UP UFBMSHOSHCHN CHYOFPN OENOPPZP KHIKHDYYMYUSH. CHUE PUFBMSHOPE H PVEYI NPDYZHYLBGYK VSCHMP PDYOBLPCHP, EUMY OE UYUYFBFSH NBMEOSHLPZP RETZHPTYTPCHBOOPZP CHEOFIMSGIPOOPZP EYFLB UMECHB CH RETEDOEK YUBUFY LBRPFB. tBURPMPTSEOYE PFCHETUFYK ABOUT OEN X D Y l PFMYUBMPUSH. zhPTLYMSH ABOUT NPDYZHYLBGYY l UFBCHYMUS U UBNPZP OBYUBMB RTPY'CHPDUFCHB.

t-51l NPDETOYYTPCHBMUS RBTBMMEMSHOP U FIRPN D. obyuobs U UETYY l-10 EZP FPTS PUOBUFYMY TBLEFOSCHN CHPPTKhTSEOYEN. rTPYYCHPDUFCHP LFPK NPDYZHYLBGYY BLCHETYMPUSH H UEOFSVTE 1945 Z. ChuEZP H dBMMBUE UPVTBMY 1337 NBYYO FIRB l.

PRYBOYE P-51D.

lPOUFTHLFICHOP NPOPMBO Mustang VSCHM UCHPVPDPOEUHEIN OYLPRMBOPN U LTSCHMPN MBNYOBTOPZP RTPJYMS NAA-NACA. LTSCHMP YЪZPFPCHMSMPUSH YJ DCHHI UELGYK,UPEDYOSCHYIUS VPMFBNY RP GEOPTBMSHOPK MYOYY ZHAEMSCB,RTY LFPN CHETIOSS YUBUFSH PVTBBPCHSHCHCHBMB RPM LBVYOSCH. LTSCHMShS VSHMY GEMSHOPNEFBMMYYUEULYNY DCHHIMPOTSETPOOSCHNY Y ZMBDLPLMERBOOPK BMLMDPPCHPK (RMBLYTPCHBOSHCHK BMANYOYK) PvyychLPK, RTYUEN MPOTSETPOSHCH CHSHRPMOSMYUSH Y LBMYVTCHBOOPZP TEMSHUPPV TBOPZP H UEYUEOYY RTPZHYMS U CHCHYFBNPCHBOOSCHNY CHETIOYNY Y YOYTSOYNY RPMLBNY.rPRETEYUOSCHK OBVPT UPUFPSM YЪ RTEUUPCHBOOSCHI PVMEZYUEOOOSCHI PFCHETUFYSCHNY OETCHAT Y UFTYOZETBNY YЪ LB MYVTCHBOOPZP RTPLBFB RP CHUENKh TBNBIH.YMETPOSHCH U NEFBMMYUEULPK PVYCHLPK RPDCHEYCHBMYUSH L BDOENH MPOTSETPOH, RTYUEN MECHSCHK METPO YEM HRTBCHMSENSCHK FTYNNET. tBURPMPTSEOOSCHE ABOUT BDOEK LTPNLE BLTSCHMLY HUFBOBCHMYCHBMYUSH NETSDH ÜMETPOBNY Y ZHAEMSTSEN.

GEMSHOPNEFBMMYUEULYK RPMKHNPOPLPCHSHK ZHAEMSTS UPVYTBMUS YЪ FTEI PFUELPC - DCHYZBFEMSHOPZP, LBVYOOPZP (PUOPCHOPZP) Y ICHPUFCHPZP. dCHYZBFEMSH HUFBOBCHMYCHBMUS ABOUT DCHHI V-PVTBOSCHI UCHPVPDOPOEUKHEYI UFPKLBI, CHSHRPMOEOOSCHI CH CHYDE RMPULPZP CHETFYLBMSHOPZP MYUFB U RTEUPCHBOSHCHNY CHETIOYNYY YOYTSOYNY RPMLBNY, LBTsDBS Y LPFPTSCHI LTERYMYUSH CH DCHHI FPYULBI L RETEDOEK RTPFICHPRPTsBTOPK RETEZPTPDLE PUOPCHOPK UELGIY.rPUMEDOSS VSCHMB UDEMBOB YDCHHI VBMPL,LBTsDBS YЪ LPFPTSCHI CHLMAYUBM B RP DCHB MPOTSETPOB, PVTBBPCHSCCHBCHYI CHETIOAA LPOUFTHLGYA (OY PVTBPCHSCCHBMP LTSCHMP - RTYN. TED.). OPC MPOTSETPOSHCH RETEIPDYMY H RPMHNPOPLPLCHHA LPOUFTHLGYA HUYMEOOHA YRBOZPHFBNY.pFUPEDYOSAEIKUS ICHPUFCHPK PFUEL RP LPOUFTHLGYY RPDPVEO PUOPCHOPNKH.

iCHPUFPPCHPE PRETEOYE VSHMP GEMSHOSHCHN UCHPVPDOPOEUKHEIN NPOPRMBOOPPZP FIRB UP USHENOSCHNY BLPOGPCHLBNY. lPOUFTHLFICHOP POP UPUFPSMP YJ DCHHI MPOTSETPOCH, YFBNPCHBOSCHI OETCHAT Y RTPZHYMSHOSCHI UFTYOZETCH, RPLTSCHFSHI BMLMDPPK PVYCHLPK.LYMSH VSCHM RTBLFYUEULY FBLYN-CE.tKhMSH OBRTBCHME OIS Y THMY CHSHCHUPFSCH YNEMY DATBMECHSHCHK OBVPT Y RPMPFOSOHA PVYCHLH.HRTBCHMSAE RMPULPPUFY VSCHMY DYOBNYYUEULY UVBMBOUYTPCHBOSHCH Y YNEMY FTYNNETSHCH. dChB RTPFELFYTPCHBOOSCHI FPRMYCHOSCHI VBLB ENLPUFSHHA RP 350 M , VSCHM HUFBOPCMEO CH ZHAJEMSTSE ЪB LBVYOPK.rPD LrSCHMShSNY FBLTS NPZMY RPDCHEYCHBFSHUS DCHB UVTBUSCHCHBENSCHI VBLB ENLPUFSHHA RP 284 YMIY 416 M.ch ЪBCHYUYNPUFY PF OBMYYUYS FPRMMYCHB VPECHPK TBDYKHU VSCHM UMEDHAEIN: FPMSHLP U CHOHFTEOOOYNY VBLBNY - 765 LN, DCHHNS 284-M VBLBNY - 1045 LN, DCHHNS 416-M VBLBNY - 1368 LN.

P-51D SCHMSMYUSH YEUFSH 12.7-NN RHMENEFPCH Browning HUFBOPCHMEOSCHI RP FTY CH LpSHME,U NBLUINBMSHOSHCHN VPELPNRMELFPN RP 400 RBFTPOCH OB UFCHPM DMS CHOHFTEOOYI Y RP 270 DMS GEOFTBMSHOSHCHI Y CHOEYOYI RHMENEFPCH,CH GEMPN UPUFBCHMSAEII 1880 RBFTPOCH.GEOFTBMSHOSHCHE RHMENEFSCH NPTsOP VSCHMP UOSFSH ,HNEOSHYYCH CHPPPHTSEOYE DP 4-I RHMENEFPCH Y,UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP,HNEOSHYYCH VPELPNRMELF,OP CH LFPN UMHYUBE Mustang Oil Refinery OEUFY DCHE 454-LZ VPNVSH YMY DEUSFSH OEHRTBCHMSENSCHI 127-NN TBL F YMYY YEUFSH RHULPCHSCHI FTHV DMS TBLEF FIRB "VBHLB",HUFBOPCHMEOOOSCHI CH DCHHI UCHSLBI RP FTY FTKHVSH RPD Lpshchmshsny.lPZDB UFBMY Y'CHEUFOSH HOYLBMSHOSHCHE CHPNPTSOPUFY FFYI TBLEF,HUFBOPCHMEOOOSCHI OB P-51D,FP RPUMEDOYE 1100 P-51D-25-NA VSCHMY CHSHCHRHEEOSH U RYMPOBN Y "OKHMECHPK DMYOSCH" RPDCHEYCHBENSCHI RPD LTSCHMShS 127-NN TBBLEF,LPFPTSCHE YNEMI NEOSHHYK CHEU RP UTBCHOEOYA U FTHVYUBFSHCHNY OBRTBCCHMSAENY.fPYULB UIPTsDEOYS RHMENEFOSHCHI FTBUU VSCHMB HUFBOCHMEOB ABOUT 275 NEFTBI, OP OELPFPTSCHE RYMPFSCH HNEOSHYBMY EE DP 230 Y TEZKHMYTPCHBMY RKHMENEFSCH RP UCHPENKH CHLKHUKH.

uFBODBTFOSCHN DCHYZBFEMEN P-51D VSM 12-GYMYODTPCHSHCHK DCHYZBFEMSH TSYDLPUFOPZP PIMBTTSDEOYS Rolls-Royce Merlin V-1650-3 YMY V-1650-7 TBCHYCHBCHYYK 1400 M.U . ABOUT CHMEFE.NB RETCHSCHI nHUFBOZBI HUFBOBCHMYCHBMYUSH OYJLPCHSHCHUPFOSHCHE DCHYZBFEMY Allison,OP LPZDB VSHCHMY PUPOBOSCH EZP CHPNPTSOPUFY LBL CHSHCHUPFOPZP YUFREVIFEMS,TEYMYMY HUFBOCHYF SH DCHYZBFEMSH Merlin.dMS LFPK GEMY LPNRBOY "Rolls-Royce" VSCHMY RETEDBOSH YUEFSHCHTE Mustang Mk.I, YURPMSHЪPCHBCHYYEUS CH LBYUEUFCHE PRSHCHFPCHSCHI - AL963, Merlin 61 VYOBGYS Mustang/Rolls-Royce PLBBMBUSH OBUFPMSHLP HDBYOPK,UFP UFP UVBMB UFBODBTFPC DMS CHUEI CHBTYBOFPC nHUFBOZB.dMS HCHEMYYUEOYS CHSHRHULB DCHYZBFEMEK,BNETILBOULBS JYTNB "Packard Car Company" OBYUBMB ChSCHHRHULBFSH Merlin RP MYGEOJYY.

Merlin NB DCHYZBFEMSI UETYY -3 TBVPFB FKhTVPLPNRTEUUPTB OBYUOYOBMB PEKHEBFSHUS U ChShCHUPFSHCH 5800 N,B UETYY -7 PF 4500 DP 5800 N.fKhTVOPOBDDKhCh Vshchm BCHFPNBFYUEULYN,OP NPZ TEZKHMYT PCHBFSHUS CHTHYUOKHA.dMS RPMHYUEOYS DPRPMOYFEMSHOPK NPEOPUFY CH BCHBTYKOPN UMHYUBE NPTsOP VSCHMP ZHPTUYTPCHBFSH DCHYZBFEMSH,FPMLOHCH UELFPT ZBb b b PZTBOYUYFEMSH , UMPNBCH RTEDPITBOYFEMSHOHA YUELKH.EUMY LFPF TETSYN YURPMSHЪPCHBMUS UCHCHCHIE RSFY NYOHF, FP UHEEUFCHPCHBM UETSHOEOSCHK TYUL RPCHTEDYFSH DCHYZBFEMSH.

x RYMPPFCH nHUFBOZCH OE PUFBCHBMPUSH UPNOOYK, LPZDB FHTVPLPNRTEUUPT RETEIPDYM OB CHCHUPFOSHCHK OBDDKhCH,Y-YB TELYYI UPDTPZBOYK NBYOSHCH. EZP CHLMAYUEOYE Y HNEOSHYBMY ZB.RTY UOYTSEOYY RETEIPD ABOUT OYILPCHSHCHUPFOSHCHK OBDDKhCH RTPYUIPDYM ABOUT CHSHCHUPFE 4800 N Y EDJOUFCHEOOOSCHN HLBBOYEN ABOUT FFPF NPNEOF VSCHMP RBDEOYE DBCH MEOYS ABOUT TBMYUOSCHI RTYVPTBI.

Merlin PMSH / CHPDB) VSCHMY HUFBOPCHMEOSCH CH UIMSHOP CHSHCHDCHYOHFPN RPDZHAEMSTSOPN PVFELBFEME U CHPDHIPBVPTOILPN.

edYOUFCHEOOOPK UMBVPUFSHHA DCHYZBFEMS Merlin VSCHMP FP, UFP PO NPZ ChShKFY YU UFTPS YB-YB EDYOUFCHEOOOPK RHMY YMY PULPMLB, UFP CH RTYOGYRE RTYUKHEE CHUEN pSDOSHN DCHYZBFEMSN Ts YDLPUFOPZP PIMBTTSDEOYS, OP OE HNBMSMP DPUFPYOUFCH nHUFBOZB CH GEMPN Y UBNPMEF RTYCHEFUFCHPCHBMUS NOPZYNY LYRBTSBNY B-17 RTY YI RTPOYLOPCHEOYY CHZMHVSH OEVEU ZETNBOY CHP CHTENS DOECHOOPZP OBUFHRMEOYS RTPFICH OBGYUFULPK CHPEOOPC RTPNSCHYMEOOPUFY. UFPYNPUFSH P-51D Mustang U DCHYZBFEMEN Packard Merlin UPUFBCHMSMB $50985, UFP CHEUSHNB OENOPPZP DMS FBLPZP LVZHELFYCHOPZP Y LMESBOFOPZP UBNPMEFB.

yuETFETS " North American t-51 hustang " yuETFETS " North American t-51 hustang (4)" yuETFETS " North American t-51 hustang (5)" UETFEC "North American P-51 Mustang (6)" UETFEC "North American P-51D Mustang (J-26)" UETFEC "North American P-51D Mustang" jPFPZTBJYY: chFPTPK RTPFPFYR XP-51D chFPTPK RTPFPFYR XP-51D chFPTPK RTPFPFYR XP-51D P-51D P-51D P-51D P-51D P-51D P-51D P-51D Урх HVAR Y 227-LZ VPNVBNY zhPFPTBECHUIL F-6D P-51D-25 P-51D-15 U 75-NN rx "vBHLB" HUEVOSCHK TP-51D SYCHEDULYK P-51D (J-26) P-51D P-51D U td XRJ-30-AM LURETYNEOFBMSHOSHCHK P-51K LURETYNEOFBMSHOSHCHK P-51K lBVYOB RYMPFB P-51D WEENCH : CHBTYBOFSHCH PLTBULY :