The proposal scheme is not another whim of teachers. Thanks to it, you can better understand the structure and specifics of the proposal and parse it faster. However, not all students know how to draw up a sentence diagram, considering this lesson to be useless. But any scheme is a visualization that allows you to understand the essence. And having understood it, you can apply this scheme to other sentences, which means that you can avoid mistakes in writing in the future.

We draw up a proposal scheme

Before drawing up a graphic diagram of a sentence, it is necessary to start by determining which members of the sentence are words. First of all, it is necessary to determine the subject and predicate, which constitute its grammatical basis. Then you should distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, only you need to take into account that each of them refers to the subject or predicate. The subject includes definitions, the predicate - addition and circumstance. It should also be noted that some words do not belong to the members of the sentence: conjunctions, interjections, plug-in and introductory constructions. It may also be that several words together are one member of the sentence: participles and adverbial phrases. After the analysis, you will have the initial scheme of the sentence, from which you only need to remove the words and leave the lines that underline the members of the sentence.

We draw up a scheme of a complex sentence

If everything is quite easy with a simple sentence, then a complex one confuses many. And most students are wondering how to chart a complex sentence. If this is a compound sentence, then the diagram should reflect all the predicative parts that are in it. After that, both parts must be highlighted in square brackets, and between them put a punctuation mark and a union connecting them:, and. If the sentence is complex, non-union, then we also analyze each of its parts separately, and then select them in square brackets.

If you need to parse a complex sentence, then in this case you should show all the relationships between the parts. It should be noted here that the part that obeys is the main one, the one that obeys is subordinate. Thus, the main is indicated by square brackets, while the subordinate clause is indicated by round brackets:, (which ...). After studying the material, you can easily make sentence schemes, and they will tell you how to properly place commas, and you can avoid many punctuation errors.

  1. Describe the sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
  2. By emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
  3. By the presence of grammatical foundations: simple or complex.
  4. Then, depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex:
If simple:

5. Describe the sentence by the presence of the main members of the sentence: two-part or one-part, indicate which main member of the sentence, if it is one-part (subject or predicate).

6. Characterize by the presence of secondary members of the proposal: common or non-common.

7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated by anything (homogeneous members, appeal, introductory words) or not complicated.

8. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.

9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

 If complex:

5. Indicate which connection is in the proposal: allied or non-union.

6. Indicate what is the means of communication in the sentence: intonation, coordinating conjunctions or subordinating conjunctions.

7. Conclude what kind of sentence this is: unionless (BSP), compound (CSP), complex (CSP).

8. Parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, starting from point No. 5 of the adjacent column.

9. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.

10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

An example of parsing a simple sentence

Oral analysis:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: pupils and pupils study, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

Writing:

Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical stem pupils and pupils study, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

Oral analysis:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied connection, means of communication subordinating union because, a complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate did not ask common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis we went with the class, common, uncomplicated.

Writing:

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied connection, subordinating union means of communication because, SPP.

1st PP: one-part, with the main member - the predicate did not ask common, not complicated.

2nd PP: two-part, grammatical basis - we went with the class, spread, not complicated.

Schematic example (sentence followed by schema)


Another option for parsing

Syntax parsing. Order in parsing.

In phrases:

  1. Select the correct phrase from the sentence.
  2. We consider the structure - we highlight the main word and the dependent. We indicate what part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.
  3. And finally, we denote what its grammatical meaning is.

In a simple sentence:

  1. We determine what the sentence is for the purpose of the statement - narrative, incentive or interrogative.
  2. We find the basis of the sentence, we establish that the sentence is simple.
  3. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is built.
    • It is two-part or one-part. If it is one-part, then determine the type: personal, impersonal, nominative or indefinitely personal.
    • Common or non-common
    • incomplete or complete. If the sentence is incomplete, then it is necessary to indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it.
  4. If this proposal is complicated in any way, be it homogeneous members or isolated members of the sentence, it is necessary to note this.
  5. Next, you need to analyze the sentence by members, while indicating what parts of speech they are. It is important to follow the order of parsing. First, the predicate and the subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are part of the first - the subject, then - the predicate.
  6. We explain why one way or another punctuation marks are placed in the sentence.

Predicate

  1. We note what the predicate is - a simple verb or compound (nominal or verbal).
  2. Specify how the predicate is expressed:
    • simple - what form of the verb;
    • compound verb - what it consists of;
    • compound nominal - what connection is used, how the nominal part is expressed.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

If we have a simple sentence, then when parsing it, it should be noted what kind of homogeneous members of the sentence are and how they are related to each other. Either through intonation, or intonation with conjunctions.

In sentences with separate members:

If we have a simple sentence, then when parsing it, it should be noted what the turnover will be. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this turnover by the members of the sentence.

In sentences with isolated members of speech:

First, we note that in this sentence, there is a direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and the text of the author. We analyze, explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way and not otherwise. We draw the scheme of the offer.

In a compound sentence:

First, we indicate which sentence for the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or incentive. We find simple sentences in the sentence, we single out the grammatical basis in them.

We find unions with the help of which simple sentences are connected in a complex one. We note what kind of unions they are - adversative, connecting or dividing. We determine the meaning of this entire compound sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. Then each simple sentence that makes up the complex one must be parsed in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (one)

First, we indicate what the sentence is in terms of the purpose of the statement. We single out the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex one. Let's read them.

We name which sentence is the main one, and which is subordinate. We explain how complex sentence it is, we pay attention to how it is built, how the subordinate clause to the main clause is connected and what it refers to.

We explain why the punctuation marks in this sentence are arranged in this way. Then, the subordinate and main clauses must be parsed, in the same way as simple sentences are parsed.

In a complex sentence with subordinate clauses (several)

We call what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We single out the grammatical basis of all the simple sentences that make up the complex one, and read them out. We indicate which sentence is the main one, and which is subordinate. It is necessary to indicate what the subordination in the sentence is - either it is a parallel subordination, or sequential, or homogeneous. If there is a combination of several types of subordination, this should be noted. We explain why, in this way, punctuation marks are placed in the sentence. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences.

In a complex non-union sentence:

We call what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We find the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up this complex sentence. We read them out, call the number of simple sentences that make up the complex one. We determine what the meaning is the relationship between simple sentences. It can be - sequence, cause with effect, opposition, simultaneity, explanation or addition.

We note what are the features of the structure of this sentence, what kind of complex sentence it is. How are simple words connected in this sentence and what do they refer to.

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way.

In a complex sentence in which there are different types of communication.

We call what, according to the purpose of the statement, this sentence is. We find and highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex one, read them out. We establish that this proposal will be a proposal in which there are different types connections. Why? We determine what connections are present in this sentence - allied coordinating, subordinating, or any other.

According to the meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. We analyze all simple sentences that make up a complex one in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

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In this article, we will talk about how to correctly draw up a proposal scheme. Who needs it? Everyone without exception. If short posts or comments in in social networks and messengers, you can write without knowing the Russian language (which is what many are fond of), then when writing articles for your own blogs, you must be guided by these rules. After all, it is much more pleasant and understandable for users visiting your sites and blogs to read competent speech, which grabs attention and lingers on the page. And, of course, the correct drafting of proposals is very important for people holding leading public or commercial positions - literacy increases the trust of visitors, partners and customers. And in order for the proposals to sound correctly and beautifully, they must be drawn up according to certain patterns. Also, this material will help schoolchildren and students to prepare for exams or complete homework.

Proposal Mapping Action Plan

In order to correctly compose the proposal scheme, it is necessary to follow a certain algorithm of actions:

  • Carefully consider the written proposal;
  • Determine what type it belongs to according to the intonation and purpose of the statement;
  • Find the base main idea sentences that carry important information (subject and predicate);

Simple and complex sentences
  • By the number of bases, determine whether the sentence is simple (with one base) or complex (with two or more bases);

How to determine the number of parts in a complex sentence
  • Separate the boundaries of simple sentences with perpendicular lines (you can also highlight participial / adverbial phrases and other complications);
  • Underline the members of the sentence with the appropriate dashes;

Conventions proposal members
  • Determine the presence and nature of the allied connection between the fragments of a complex sentence (subordinating or coordinating) - in the case of correct definition you will understand what type of offer you are dealing with;
  • Enclose simple sentences in square brackets, since they are equivalent fragments of compound or non-union complex ones;

Square brackets for simple and complex sentences
  • In parentheses, enclose subordinate clauses that are part of the structure of complex;

Parentheses to indicate subordinate clauses
  • A complex sentence should be carefully studied, and put from the word in the main fragment (over which to draw a cross) a question to the subordinate clause; draw an arrow from this word to the subordinate clause and write a question above it.

Parsing simple sentence

All the information collected in the process of studying makes it possible to correctly draw up a proposal scheme. After completing all of the above steps, there comes a time when you can start drawing the circuit itself. Write out from your sentence in order all the signs that were used to distinguish between simple sentences, highlighting phrases (participles and participles), grammatical foundations, questions and arrows to the subordinate clause from the main one, and other complications. Collect all this data in the form of a linear graphical diagram. When it is necessary to parse a complex sentence that has several subordinate clauses, then a vertical graphic scheme is also necessary for the correct display of subordination (it will be discussed below). The numbers indicate the degrees of subordinate clauses - they can be used to determine their place in the composition of sentences, while the main thing has no designations.

If you are a schoolboy or student, you may encounter a situation where teachers require you to mark along with the main members of the sentence on the diagram and secondary ones. It is also possible that, according to the proposed scheme, it is necessary to draw up a new proposal. With a careful approach to business, these actions will not complicate you.

Making a plan for a simple proposal

We need to compose a simple sentence scheme. Let's not go far, let's take an example from primary school:


Simple sentence scheme

This proposal is two-part - it has two main members. There are still one-part sentences, in which only one of the two is the main term. If the sentence does not have secondary members, then it is not common (“Poems were born”), if it is, then it is common (as presented above). Also, the proposals have an incomplete or complete form (depending on the configuration in which the necessary members are present - in an abbreviated or complete form). Avoid mistakes with predicates when drawing up a sentence diagram:

  • composite nominal predicates– Danielwill be an athlete;
  • simple - Danielswam;
  • compound verbs – Danielwanted to swim.

A simple sentence with homogeneous members

Homogeneous terms on the graphic diagram are displayed using circles. In these circles, their role in the syntax of the sentence is noted: definitions, predicates, etc.


The circles reflect the roles of homogeneous members of the proposal

With introductory words or appeal

The introductory words are indicated by the letters “BB”, separated from the rest of the parts in the diagram by two vertical lines and necessarily those punctuation marks that surround them in the sentence.


Introductory words in a sentence

The same rules apply to appeals as to introductory words, only instead of the letters “BB” “O” is used.


Appeal in the offer

With adverbial or participial phrases

To highlight turns that include gerunds (DO) or participles (PO), the same punctuation marks are used in the diagram as to distinguish them in the sentence.


Participle turnover on the diagram

How to create a sentence scheme with direct speech

In the diagram, direct speech is distinguished as follows:

  • the boundaries of the offer are highlighted;
  • the letter “A” is used to designate copyright words, “P” is used for direct speech;
  • punctuation marks are placed.

Direct speech in a sentence

How to draft a complex sentence

Fragments of a complex non-union and compound sentence are in an equal position, therefore, square brackets are used to designate them.


Compound sentence on the diagram
Associative complex sentence on a graphic diagram

Right-angled brackets are used to designate the main part in a complex sentence, and round brackets are used for the subordinate clause. And subordinate clause can stand anywhere: behind, at the beginning, and even in the middle of the main.


Square brackets for main clauses, round brackets for subordinate clauses

Before drafting a proposal plan, the source material must be carefully studied so that there are no difficulties with various types of communication. It happens that such sentences contain an important idea that is easy to lose when trying to simplify the text and rearrange parts.

How to create a complex sentence scheme with multiple clauses

In order to correctly display a sentence that has several subordinate clauses, a vertical scheme is used:

“We learned that a hurricane was coming that could destroy everything on the coast.” (serial submission):

[…],

↓what?

(What …)

↓what?

(which …).

“When we were already approaching the city, Daniil squinted to get a better view of the surroundings.” (parallel subordination):

[…],

↓when? ↓why?

(when ...), (to ...).

“We are very glad that you have come, that you are with us today, that you like it here.” (homogeneous submission):

[…],

↓what? ↓what? ↓what?

(what...), (what...), (what...).

The main purpose of this article is to help you remember the school rules for the Russian language and recall the main points, following which, you can easily build a scheme for any sentence.

When working with various texts, many need to parse a sentence according to its composition. The implementation of such an analysis usually assumes that a person has the appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services in the network that perform online sentence parsing operations. After a thorough study of the rules for the analysis of various proposals for the composition, I decided to present all my developments in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what we are interested in in this case is called “syntactic analysis of a sentence”.

At the same time, the specified parsing (in school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:

  • Decide which sentence to be analyzed according to the purpose of his statement (declarative, interrogative, or has an incentive character);
  • Designate emotional coloring sentences (it is exclamatory or not exclamatory);
  • Mark the number of grammatical bases in this sentence (if the sentence is simple - then one basis, if complex - two or more);

If the sentence is simple:


Simple sentence example:

“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”

After parsing, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, not complicated.

If the sentence is complex:

  • Decide on the connection in a complex sentence - allied or non-union;
  • Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
  • Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-union, compound, compound.

Complex sentence example:

"There were roses and lilies in the bouquet, but she liked tulips more."

After syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence is of a narrative nature, not exclamatory, complex, has an allied connection, compound. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words “roses and lilies were”, it is common, and complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “I liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.

Services for parsing proposals by composition online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures, and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for parsing text, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for a full-fledged parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for online semantic analysis (de facto, they are practically not represented), I would single out the seosin.ru service. It allows you to define syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its work.

  1. To work with this service, go to the site seosin.ru.
  2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate box, and click on "Analyze".

Lexisrex.com

lovers in English the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities allow you to analyze the proposal by its members. At the same time, this site also has other auxiliary tools for the implementation various kinds linguistic analysis online.

  1. To access this resource, please log in to lexisrex.com.
  2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate box and click on the "Analyze" button.

Forums of linguists

In syntactic parsing of a sentence online, you can turn to the help of the "human factor" and go to various forums of linguists (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.

Conclusion

Network resources that allow analysis of proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools on the web (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the necessary sentences and parse them online.

In contact with

§ 1 Drafting proposals and proposals according to schemes

In this lesson, we will remember how to find the grammatical basis and homogeneous members in a simple and complex sentence, learn how to draw up a sentence scheme and a sentence according to an already given scheme.

Usually, a scheme is understood as an image of something with the help of conventional graphic symbols in the main, main, in general terms, without details. It helps to understand the essence of the subject. For example, a correctly and clearly drawn up scheme allows you to easily and quickly solve any problem in mathematics lessons. In the same way, a correctly composed sentence scheme helps to see parts of a complex sentence, distinguish a complex sentence from a simple one with homogeneous members, and correctly place commas.

First, let's look at how a simple sentence is structured. Sentence boundaries are indicated by square brackets. Closing the brackets, we put a punctuation mark corresponding to the end of this sentence:. ? ! or ellipsis. Inside the brackets, we depict only the main members of the sentence - the subject with one line and the predicate with two lines in the order in which they follow in the sentence.

The sentence "I love falling leaves." corresponds to the first diagram.

The sentence "It has come late fall". corresponds to the second pattern.

In a simple sentence, there may be homogeneous members. We also indicate them in the diagram. Secondary homogeneous members are depicted by a circle. If the main terms are homogeneous, then inside the circle we draw the corresponding lines. Don't forget to put commas between homogeneous terms. Consider examples.

The grammatical basis of the sentence is dew covers. Homogeneous secondary members - covers (what?) Ground, grass, bushes.

The grammatical basis of the sentence - The hunter did not go, but turned. Here the predicates are homogeneous.

A complex sentence has several parts. In the diagram, we enclose each part in separate brackets, a comma is placed between them, as well as a union, if it is present in the sentence. At the end of the scheme, the punctuation mark that corresponds to the end of this sentence is put.

The north wind brought clouds, and snowflakes appeared in the air. [-=], and [=-].

This is a complex sentence, it has two parts connected by the union I. Having drawn up a diagram, we can easily see that we need to put a comma.

In the lessons, there is a task not only to draw a diagram for a sentence, but also vice versa - to draw up a sentence according to a given scheme. To do this, you need to carefully consider the scheme, determine which proposal you need to make: simple, with homogeneous members or complex. Next, you need to see the order of the members of the sentence indicated in the diagram, and also pay attention to punctuation marks.

It’s easier to first verbally compose a sentence with only the main members, then distribute it (that is, add minor members) and write it down in a notebook.

We have a complex sentence. It has two parts connected by the union A. In both parts, the subject comes first, and then the predicate. What offer can be made? The cat fell asleep, and the mouse ran out. Let's spread it: The red cat fell asleep, and the cunning mouse ran out of the mink.

The scheme is a visualization that allows you to highlight and understand the main thing. If you learn how to quickly and correctly draw diagrams, you will clearly see the structure of the sentence. The diagram will tell you how to place commas correctly. This will help you avoid punctuation errors in your letter.

§ 2 Brief summary of the topic of the lesson

When drawing up a diagram of a simple sentence in square brackets, the main members are depicted by the corresponding lines, as well as a circle of homogeneous members. When drawing up a complex sentence scheme, each part is enclosed in separate square brackets, commas and conjunctions are placed between them. The diagram is followed by a punctuation mark corresponding to the end of the given sentence.

List of used literature:

  1. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V. Russian language. Textbook for grade 3. – M.: Balass, 2012.
  2. Buneeva E.V., Yakovleva M.A. Guidelines to the textbook "Russian language", grade 3. – M.: Balass, 2014. – 208s.
  3. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I., Kapinos V.I. etc. “Russian language. Textbook for grade 5. – M.: Bustard, 2006. – 301 p.
  4. Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 400s
  5. Isaeva N.E Workbook in Russian for grade 3. – M.: Balass, 2012.-78s.