Ilizarov Gavriil Abramovich(06/15/1921, Belovezha - 07/24/1992, Kurgan) - an outstanding Soviet orthopedic surgeon who created an unusual device in the 1950s, thanks to which he managed to make a revolution in orthopedics and make amazing discoveries in the field of bone physiology.
The history of medicine does not know many examples when only one scientific discovery would make a revolutionary coup in the established views and considered classical methods treatment, led to the creation of a new scientific and practical direction, as happened in orthopedics and traumatology, thanks to the method of transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis proposed by the Kurgan doctor.
To grow a bone the way it should be, along with nerves, blood vessels, muscles, is a fantastically difficult task. And yet he set himself such a task and achieved success.
The doctor and inventor was born on June 15, 1921 in the village of Belovezha in Belarus, in the homeland of his mother, but was transferred to the village of Khusary on the border of Azerbaijan and Dagestan, where he spent his entire childhood. By nationality - Tat. There were six children in their poor peasant family, Gabriel was the eldest, and with early years helped his father: pastured cows and sheep, dug ditches. He went to school very late - at the age of 11, but thanks to his amazing mind, he finished 4 classes at once in the first year. After that, he graduated from high school with honors and began to study at the workers' faculty in the city of Buynaksk.
At the age of 18, an excellent student was sent to study at the Crimean Medical Institute, and when the Great Patriotic War began, he was evacuated to Kazakhstan, to the city of Kyzyl-Orda. After graduating from the institute, in 1944 he was sent to the Kurgan region, to the village of Dolgovka, to the district hospital as the chief and only doctor, from where his path began from a doctor to the director of the Kurgan Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics.
This path was very long and difficult. G. A. Ilizarov literally had to prove the importance and expediency of his invention. Many of his patients

has already returned health and freedom of movement, but scientists and doctors not only from foreign countries, but also in our country, still doubted this method of treatment. However, over time, in no small measure thanks to the patients he cured, the world scientific community recognized the effectiveness of this method.
Ilizarov made a breakthrough in medicine by discovering new era in orthopedics. Apparatus and various devices were before Ilizarov. But only his design gave what no others before him could give. Namely:
- full comparison of the wreckage;
- high fixation strength;
- maximum blood supply to the damaged limb bone;
- preservation of the supporting and motor function of the injured limb, as well as the patient's ability to walk and take care of himself from the first days of treatment.
This device was invented in 1951, and in 1952 Ilizarov applied for a patent "Method of splicing bones in fractures and apparatus for implementing this method" (author's certificate N 98471 of 09.06.1952).
In 1968, Ilizarov received two degrees at once - both a candidate and a doctor of medical sciences. Gavriil Abramovich and his colleagues were provided with conditions for scientific work, for theoretical substantiation and implementation of the results in practical healthcare.
First, a problematic laboratory was organized in Kurgan from the Sverdlovsk NIITO (1966), Ilizarov was appointed its head, then the laboratory was transformed into a branch of the Leningrad Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R. R. Vreden (1969), and in 1971 the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR transformed the branch into an independent Kurgan Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology (KNIIEKOT). In 1987 the institute became All-Union.
The Ilizarov apparatus is used in traumatology for the treatment of diaphyseal and periarticular fractures of varying complexity and localization, including open, comminuted and gunshot, as well as in aesthetic surgery to increase height by lengthening the lower leg or thigh. Worthy application is also for the treatment of congenital and acquired defects, deformities and shortening of the bones of the limbs, the consequences of injuries, increased growth in systemic diseases of the skeleton, correction of unequal leg length,.
Titanic work of G.A. Ilizarov did not go unnoticed. He has been awarded many honorary titles and awards, national and international prizes. He was awarded the honorary title "Honored Doctor of the RSFSR", the Lenin Prize of the USSR in the field of science and technology, and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the medal "For Valiant Labor", he was awarded the highest awards - he is a holder of three Orders of Lenin and many other orders and medals of our country, Italy, France, Jordan, Mongolia, Yugoslavia. At the suggestion of little patients of the Kurgan Institute, in March 1978, an international jury in Warsaw awarded Gavriil Abramovich the Order of the Smile.
Starting from the first apparatus, G.A. Ilizarov was constantly engaged in inventive work. It has 208 inventions protected by USSR copyright certificates, 18 of them have been patented in 10 countries. For success in this area, he was awarded the title of "Honored Inventor of the RSFSR" and "Honored Inventor of the USSR". In addition, he became a laureate of the competition "Technology - the chariot of progress" held by the magazine "Inventor and Rationalizer". For the presented works he was awarded gold, silver medals and Diplomas of the Exhibition of Achievements National economy THE USSR. He was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and was also an honorary member of the Cuban Academy of Sciences and the Macedonian Academy of Arts. For its international activities in providing medical care foreign citizens, strengthening friendship between peoples different countries he has received many awards. He is an honorary citizen of many cities around the world.
For a great contribution to the development of medical science G.A. Ilizarov was awarded international and national prizes. He is one of the very few doctors in the world who has been awarded the honorary international award "Bucceri-La Ferla". It is awarded every two years to individuals who have distinguished themselves in the field of traumatology and other medical sciences, based on a wide survey of medical scientists from all over the world.
G.A. Ilizarov was an honorary member of the SOFKOT (French Society of Surgeons, Orthopedists and Traumatologists), the Association of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Yugoslavia, the societies of traumatologists and orthopedists of Czechoslovakia, Mexico, Italy, and Spain.

G.A. Ilizarov was engaged in a great social and political activity: he was elected a deputy of the district and regional Soviets of working people's deputies, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, people's deputy THE USSR. Participated in the work of the XXV, XXVI, XXVII Congresses of the CPSU, the XIX Party Conference. He was a member of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, a member of the Central Council of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Innovators of the USSR, a member of the editorial board of the journal "Orthopedics, Traumatology and Prosthetics", the USSR Cultural Foundation and the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with foreign countries.
G.A. Ilizarov was bright, extraordinary personality our modernity. The unusualness of his proposals, developed new original ways treatment, high, incomparable with any other methods, the effectiveness of treatment and the wide geography of the representation of patients are the reasons for the extreme popularity of G.A. Ilizarov. There was, perhaps, no such agency, newspaper or magazine that would not provide information about Ilizarov. Enthusiastic articles, feature stories, novels and short stories have been written about him, he became the hero or prototype of many feature and documentary films, theatrical productions: "Every day of Dr. Kalinnikova", "Movement", "Call me doctor", "Doctor Nazarov "," Happiness returned to the house ", etc.
A rare doctor was awarded such a high title - "The Man Who Gives Happiness." So they talked about Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov. And he was also called the "magician from Kurgan", and the "Michelangelo of orthopedics", and the "wizard of surgery".
In 1992, at the seventy-second year of his life, Academician G.A. Ilizarov died suddenly. July 24 is the day of his memory. But, of course, the best memory of him was that his work was continued by his students.
In 1993, the Russian Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics" was named after Academician Ilizarov. The method of G. A. Ilizarov, which once seemed like a miracle, is now widely used in all countries of the world. Over 40 Associations for the Study and Application of the External Fixation Method (ASAMI) have been established. Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Vladimir Ivanovich Shevtsov was elected President of the International ASAMI.
The Ilizarov method allows you to treat any pathology and injury of the musculoskeletal system. Every year about 7,000 patients return to normal life with the help of unique techniques at the Kurgan Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics.
June 15, 1993 at the initiative CEO, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Shevtsov Vladimir Ivanovich, a museum of the history of the development of the Center was opened. In the same year, the Foundation was formed. G.A. Ilizarov, on the territory of the RRC "WTO" was opened founder and creator of the method and the center, Academician Ilizarov, and since 1995 in memory of G.A. Ilizarov publishes a scientific-theoretical and practical journal"Genius of Orthopedics".

Sources used
1. kniiekotija.ucoz.ru
2.medicus.ru
3. kurgan.ru/kurgan/lica.php
4. vmedvuz.ru/vrachi/ilizarov

Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, whose biography is presented in this article, is a famous domestic orthopedist and surgeon, professor, doctor of medical sciences, an outstanding inventor, owner a large number awards and titles. About the most important facts we will tell his biography in this article.

Biography of Ilizarov

It is worth telling the biography of Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov from the time of his birth. He was born in the summer of 1921 in the small village of Belovezh on the territory of modern Poland.

He was brought up in a large Jewish family. They did not live well, he was the eldest of six children. In the period from 1939 to 1946, the village was actually located on the territory of the USSR. Initially, his mother's relatives were from there, and after serving in the ranks of the Red Army, his father finally settled there.

Ilizarov's mother's name was Golda Rosenblum. When the hero of our article was seven years old, he went with his parents to his paternal relatives. The future outstanding doctor graduated from an eight-year school, entered the medical faculty in Buynaksk on the territory of Dagestan.

The biography of Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov clearly reflects how difficult it was for children from poor families to get an education in the Soviet Union. The hero of our article managed to go to school only at the age of 11 or 12. But he studied hard at home, so he managed to immediately pass all the subjects school curriculum and enter the fifth grade, bypassing the initial link. high school he graduated externally by 1938.

After the Faculty of Medicine, he studied at the Crimean State Medical Institute, which bore the name of Stalin. There Ilizarov entered in 1939. He received his graduate diploma in 1944.

Professional career

Labor biography Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov began as a doctor at the Polovinsky District Hospital, then worked in the village of Dolgovka. These settlements located in the Kurgan region. It was in Kurgan that Ilizarov worked almost all his life.

In 1947, he was appointed head of the Kosulinsky district health department. It is here that he first encounters a patient who needs a unique apparatus developed by the inventor. With its help, it was possible to fix the bone. He was a village musician who moved exclusively on crutches due to knee problems. The operation was successful, which prompted the doctor to continue to work and improve the Ilizarov distraction-compression apparatus. It was in his honor that he was later named.

Apparatus development

In 1950, the inventor-orthopedist began to work in the regional hospital of Kurgan. A year later, Ilizarov offers a unique development - an apparatus that can serve for transosseous osteosynthesis. In the summer of 1952, he submits an application to formalize his invention, after about two years he receives an author's certificate, an analogue of a modern patent.

Since 1955, he has been actively introducing it into his work, having received the position of head of the orthopedic trauma department of the hospital for war invalids. Many in this institution needed the Ilizarov apparatus to help them get back on their feet.

Also in charge of the surgical department of the regional hospital, Ilizarov watched hundreds of patients pass in front of him almost daily, whose bones were damaged at the front. The conservative treatment they received did little to help them. The famous doctor Ilizarov came up with a fundamentally new way to help with fractures.

The uniqueness and novelty of this method, as well as the apparatus used, was confirmed by the corresponding copyright certificate. With its help, it was possible to significantly increase the efficiency, as well as reduce the time of treatment of fractures.

Operating principle

Invented by the famous doctor in 1950, the device combined the fixation of bone fragments with the control of complex biological processes.

By itself, it looked like metal "rings" on which special "spokes" were attached. The rings themselves were interconnected by metal rods, which made it possible to change their orientation at a rate of about one millimeter per day.

At its core, the Ilizarov apparatus was a universal dynamic design that made it possible to create optimal biological, medical and mechanical conditions that contributed to bone fusion, they also helped with the functional anatomical restoration of the entire musculoskeletal system. Ilizarov in literally words put hundreds of people on their feet.

Ilizarov assumed that his apparatus could be used in large quantities, for this he unified all parts and assemblies as much as possible. As a result, for each specific case, doctors mount a special type of apparatus using minimal amount details. With its help, it is possible to cope with fractures, injuries and even congenital deformities. bone tissue.

Also, this device is used in the so-called aesthetic operations in orthopedic cosmetology, when it is necessary to carry out procedures related to straightening or lengthening the legs.

universal recognition

At the same time, Ilizarov did not manage to get universal recognition for a long time. Only in 1966, on the basis of the city hospital of Kurgan, a problematic laboratory was founded, which the hero of our article began to lead. She was directly involved in studying the effect of this apparatus.

In 1968, the hero of our article delivered a dissertation in Perm, in which he presented the rich experience he had accumulated over long years during which thousands of patients passed through his hands. The orthopedist conducts a deep comprehensive analysis, on the basis of which he was able to make discoveries of certain patterns and features in the regeneration and growth of tissues, which made it possible to cope with limb problems.

In 1969, for his outstanding work, he immediately received the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences, without even being a candidate. In the late 60s, his problematic laboratory was transformed into a branch of the Leningrad Research Institute. Ilizarov became its director.

Basic research in the field of traumatology

Academician Ilizarov also conducted truly fundamental research in the field of traumatology and orthopedics. For example, it was Ilizarov who achieved positive results in restoring the lost functions of the spinal cord even after their complete suppression.

Such in the field of orthopedics and traumatology has not been held before, not only in our country, but nowhere else on the planet.

In 1971, the branch continued its development. It has already become a separate research institute, which specialized in experimental orthopedics, as well as deep clinical research. Ilizarov, as expected, became its leader. Already in 1987, it was transformed into the All-Union Center, which was called "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics", its head office was located just in Kurgan, and branches were opened in Leningrad, Kazan, Volgograd, Ufa, Krasnodar, Omsk, Sverdlovsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk and Moscow region.

Now it is the RNC "VTO", which has been successfully operating to this day.

Success abroad

Since 1982, the Ilizarov method has been introduced into foreign medical practice. Ilizarov made official visits to France, Spain, Great Britain, Mexico, the USA and many other countries.

An Italian medical company has acquired a license for the right to manufacture and sell its device in countries Western Europe And South America. International courses began to be held regularly, in which doctors were trained in this method in practice. Ilizarov himself was the director of these courses. Many foreigners began to personally come to Kurgan to receive help from the founder of this technique.

In 1992, Ilizarov died of heart failure. He was buried in Kurgan, the scientist was 71 years old.

Personal life

Ilizarov was married three times. In 1947, his son Alexander was born, who became a design engineer and left for Novosibirsk. Daughter Svetlana lives in New York, works as a rehabilitation doctor. Another daughter is called Maria.

For the third time, the hero of our article married Valentina Alekseevna in 1961, lived with her until her death.

The current state of the Ilizarov center

Now the RRC "WTO" is successfully working, helping many people. It is also called Help in the work is provided by the local department of health of Kurgan and federal structures.

Today, about one and a half thousand qualified specialists work in the center, people from all over Russia and abroad come here for treatment. The Health Department of Kurgan oversees this work.

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State educational institution

Higher professional education

"Samara State Medical University"

Department of the History of Medicine.

Abstract on the topic:

Ilizarov Gavriil Abramovich

Employed: 2nd year student

medical faculty 202 groups

Mikhalev Roman Vsevolodovich

Checked by: Pakshaeva T.S.

Samara 2014

Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov was born on June 15, 1921 in poor family mountain Jews. The boy's childhood passed in the Caucasus. The father of the family died early, so Gabriel, as the eldest of six children, had to look for ways to feed himself. To earn at least some money, the child took on hard work: shepherded cattle, plowed, mowed, uprooted stumps.

Gabriel went to school only at the age of 11. But perseverance and thirst for knowledge were so great that he quickly made up for the program, successfully passed the exams and was transferred immediately to the 4th grade.

Once in his life there was an event that predetermined him further fate. In each mountain settlement there was a healer, to whom the inhabitants turned for help in case of illness. The local healer explained any ailment by the intervention of evil spirits, and the treatment was always the same: bloodletting and conspiracy. But in the village where the family lived, appeared new person- a paramedic, about whom they immediately started talking: he treated for free, and his drugs immediately helped. When suddenly Gabriel fell seriously ill and spent several days unconscious, his mother called a new doctor. He made the boy drink 3 teapots of water and gave him some pills. The next morning, the disease subsided. This case struck little Ilizarov, it was then that he decided to become a doctor and heal people, like this paramedic.

The young man graduated with honors from school and entered the medical faculty in the city of Buynaksk. In 1939, Ilizarov was sent to study at the Crimean Medical Institute. Almost immediately, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the university was evacuated to Kazakhstan.

In 1944, the doctor was sent to work in the Kurgan region, to the hospital in the village of Dolgovka. In conditions of poverty, devastation and hunger, Ilizarov worked for five years. Through the hands young specialist hundreds of soldiers with battle wounds passed by, most often they were broken bones. Gradually, he began to notice that it takes too much time to treat even the simplest injury, and this is due to traditional methods of treatment. At this time, Ilizarov began to study the processes of regeneration and growth of bone tissue and began to search for a fundamentally new solution to this issue.

In 1951, he introduced an original design for bone fusion - a compression-distraction apparatus. Later, in one of the numerous interviews, the doctor told how he came up with the idea of creating the apparatus that glorified him. One day he was driving to a sick man and, sitting in a cart, he took a closer look at how the collar was attached to the shafts.

Returning home, he made a prototype apparatus from improvised means and placed it on a broken shovel handle. The design was extremely simple: instead of plaster, there were two metal rings to which rods and spokes were attached, passing through the bone tissue. The miracle device provided complete immobility at the fracture site.

However, the presentation of a new way to treat fractures caused a negative reaction from colleagues. Scientists doubted this technique, some called Ilizarov a "village doctor", and his approach to the treatment of fractures - locksmith, because the Kurgan doctor forced his patients to walk almost immediately after the operation, and this was contrary to the methods of treatment accepted at that time. In the meantime, the facts spoke for themselves - people from all over the country came to Ilizarov, more than a thousand operations were carried out. Thanks to the new method, for the first time it was possible to eliminate bone defects in a bloodless way and lengthen the limbs up to 25 centimeters. At the same time, the bones were firmly fixed, fused evenly and surprisingly quickly - in just a week.

The most famous of Dr. Ilizarov's patients is the "rocket man" Valery Brumel. In 1965, the world record holder in the high jump had an accident, as a result of which one leg was fractured much longer than the other. But Gavriil Abramovich returned the jumper to the sport. The champion dedicated his autobiographical book "Height" to the surgeon.

In 1952 new way treatment of fractures was approved by the author's certificate (No. 8471).

In 1955 G.A. Ilizarov was appointed head of the surgical department of the Kurgan Regional Hospital for war invalids. At the same time, he performed the duties of an air ambulance flight surgeon to provide urgent surgical care residents of rural areas.

Since 1966, Gavriil Abramovich worked as the head of a problematic laboratory in Sverdlovsk to introduce his invention, a compression-distraction apparatus, into clinical practice.

In 1968, Gavriil Abramovich defended his dissertation "Compression osteosynthesis with the author's apparatus." Contrary to all the rules, having passed the candidate, Ilizarov received a doctorate in medical sciences. The Academic Council gave the outstanding surgeon a standing ovation.

For his merits in the field of medicine, the brilliant doctor received many high awards, both Russian and foreign, including the most honorable in the USSR - the Lenin Prize.

In 1971 in Kurgan G.A. Ilizarov created the Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology (KNIIEKOT). Today this research institute is the main medical Center, where not only a compression-distraction apparatus is used, but also a unique method of treating fractures is constantly being improved.

Dr. Ilizarov died of heart failure in 1992 at the age of seventy-two.

ilizarov fracture treatment osteosynthesis

Interesting Facts

Ш All members of the family had the surname Elizarov. Gavriil Abramovich became Ilizarov because of an error in the documents that a local clerk made when registering a child.

Ш In honor of G.A. Ilizarov named Derbent Medical College, which turned 60 on October 25, 2013.

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Biography

Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov was born the eldest of six children into a poor Jewish family in Bialowieza, Bialystok Voivodeship of the Second Commonwealth, where his mother's family lived and where his father settled after serving in the Red Army during the Civil War. The father of the future surgeon Abram Elizarov, of Mountain Jewish origin, came from Kusar; mother - Golda Abramovna Rosenblum, of Ashkenazi origin - from Belovezh. When he was seven years old, the family moved to his father's homeland in Kusary, where the future surgeon graduated from an eight-year school, then from the Buynaksky medical faculty. .

Being the head of the surgical department of the Kurgan Regional Hospital for War Disabled Persons, where hundreds of fighters with the consequences of bone injuries passed before his eyes, for whom the treatment provided practically no result, G. A. Ilizarov proposed his own, fundamentally new method of fusion of bones in fractures. The novelty of the proposed method and apparatus for its implementation are confirmed by the author's certificate. The use of the Ilizarov apparatus increased efficiency and significantly reduced the time for fracture treatment. Much practice has made it possible to expand the range of application of the apparatus.
Invented in 1950 by G. A. Ilizarov, the transosseous compression-distraction apparatus harmoniously combines the stable fixation of bone fragments with the control of complex biological processes of bone tissue development (its compression (“compression”) or stretching (“distraction”)). The apparatus consists of metal "rings" on which "spokes" are attached, passing through the bone tissue. The rings are connected by mechanical rods, allowing them to change their orientation at a rate of about one millimeter per day. The Ilizarov apparatus is a universal dynamic design that allows creating optimal medical, biological and mechanical conditions for both bone fusion and anatomical and functional restoration of the musculoskeletal system. Counting on the widespread use of his apparatus, G. A. Ilizarov unified its components and parts. For each case, doctors assemble their own special kind of apparatus from a very limited number of parts. The device is used to treat injuries, fractures, congenital deformities of bone tissue. It is also used in "aesthetic" operations in anthropometric (orthopedic) cosmetology to lengthen and straighten the legs.

It took a long time for the method of transosseous osteosynthesis developed by G. A. Ilizarov to be universally recognized. Behind outstanding achievements Ilizarov was awarded the degree of doctor of medical sciences without obtaining the title of candidate. The dissertation defense took place in Perm in September 1968. The dissertation summarized the experience accumulated over many years of successful treatment of thousands of patients. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the discovery of certain patterns in the growth and regeneration of tissues was made, which made it possible to lengthen the limbs, restore the missing parts of the limbs, including the foot, fingers. This work created a real sensation.

G. A. Ilizarov obtained the first positive results in experiments on restoring the function of the spinal cord after surgical partial (almost complete) transection. Never before, not only in our country, but nowhere else in the world have such fundamental research in traumatology and orthopedics.

The evidence of novelty in the works of G. A. Ilizarov is undeniable and unique. All this allowed Soviet orthopedics and traumatology to take a leading position in the world. To preserve it in the future, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, by Decree No. 1098 of September 24, 1987, reorganized the Kurgan Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology into the All-Union Kurgan Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics" with a head institution in Kurgan and branches in the Moscow Region , the cities of Leningrad, Volgograd, Kazan, Ufa, Krasnodar, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Vladivostok.

Since 1982, the triumphal procession and the introduction of the Ilizarov method into the practice of leading foreign countries began. The foreign press gives Ilizarov the enthusiastic title of "Michelangelo in Orthopedics". Showered with invitations to visit Spain, France, England, USA, Mexico and other countries. Italian firm Medical Plastic buys a license for the right to manufacture and sell the Ilizarov apparatus in Western Europe, as well as in Brazil and Argentina. The Italian ASAMI (Association for the Study of the Ilizarov Apparatus and Method) decides to conduct permanent international courses to teach this method. G. A. Ilizarov is unanimously approved as the course director. ASAMI are created in Spain, France, Belgium, Portugal, and then in Mexico, the USA and other countries (G. A. Ilizarov visited more than thirty countries of the world participating in scientific conferences lecturing, teaching and performing surgeries). The international relations of the Kurgan NIIEKOT with foreign medical and scientific institutions. Many foreign citizens come to Kurgan for treatment.

G. A. Ilizarov was awarded many honorary titles and awards, national and international prizes. He was awarded honorary title"Honored Doctor of the RSFSR", awarded the Lenin Prize of the USSR in the field of science and technology, awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the medal "For Valiant Labor in Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V. I. Lenin", he was awarded the highest awards of the USSR - the Order of Lenin. Starting from the first apparatus, G. A. Ilizarov has been constantly engaged in inventive work. He has 208 inventions protected by USSR copyright certificates, 18 of them have been patented in 10 countries. For success in this area, he was awarded the title of Honored Inventor of the RSFSR and Honored Inventor of the USSR. In addition, he became a laureate of the competition "Technology - the chariot of progress" held by the magazine "Inventor and Rationalizer". For the presented works, he was awarded gold, silver medals and Diplomas of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR. In addition, G. A. Ilizarov was elected a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and was also an honorary member of the Cuban Academy of Sciences and the Macedonian Academy of Arts. For his international activities in providing medical care to foreign citizens, strengthening friendship between the peoples of different countries, he was awarded many awards. G. A. Ilizarov was awarded international and national prizes for his great contribution to the development of medical science. G. A. Ilizarov was an honorary member of SOFKOT (French Society of Surgeons, Orthopedists and Traumatologists), the Association of Yugoslavia, societies of Czechoslovakia, Mexico, and Italy.

G. A. Ilizarov was engaged in a great activity: he was elected a deputy of the district and regional Soviets of working people's deputies, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, and a people's deputy of the USSR. Participated in the work of the XXV, XXVI, XXVII Congresses of the CPSU, the XIX Party Conference. He was a member of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, a member of the Central Council of the All-Union Society of Inventors and Innovators of the USSR, a member of the editorial board of the journal Orthopedics, Traumatology and Prosthetics, the USSR Cultural Foundation and the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Under the leadership of G. A. Ilizarov, 52 candidate and 7 doctoral dissertations were defended.

About Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, enthusiastic articles, feature essays, novels and stories have been written, he became the hero or prototype of many feature films, theatrical productions: “Every day of Dr. Kalinnikova”, “Movement”, “Call me, doctor”, “Doctor Nazarov”, “Happiness has returned to the house” and others.

In 1992, at the seventy-second year of his life, Academician G. A. Ilizarov died suddenly of heart failure. He was buried in Kurgan at the cemetery of the village of Ryabkovo.

Family

G. A. Ilizarov had a son, Alexander, and two daughters, Maria and Svetlana, from different marriages. Son - Alexander Gavrilovich Ilizarov (born 1947), engineer-architect in Novosibirsk. Daughter - Svetlana Gavrilovna Ilizarova (born 1962), a rehabilitation doctor and physiotherapist in New York, candidate of medical sciences, co-editor of the collection "Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Surgery" (2006).

Memory

In 1982, the astronomer of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Lyudmila Karachkina, named the asteroid 3750 Ilizarov discovered by her on October 14, 1982.
In September 1988, the artist Israil Tsvaygenbaum flew to the city of Kurgan, where he spent 6 days with Dr. Ilizarov to make sketches. Zweigenbaum worked on sketches in Dr. Ilizarov's office. Later, Zweigenbaum gave the portrait as a gift to Dr. G. A. Ilizarov.
On June 15, 1993, on the initiative of Vladimir Ivanovich Shevtsov, General Director of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a museum of the history of the development of the Ilizarov Center was opened.
In 1993, the Foundation was formed. G. A. Ilizarova.
A monument to the founder and creator of the method and the center, Academician G. A. Ilizarov, was unveiled on the territory of the RRC “WTO”.
since 1995, in memory of G. A. Ilizarov, a practical journal “The Genius of Orthopedics” has been published.
In 2011, a Russian postal envelope dedicated to Ilizarov was issued.
In 2011, in the city of Kurgan, director Andrei Romanov filmed documentary"He dedicated his life to people", dedicated to the 90th anniversary of G. A. Ilizarov. The film received the prize of the Mayor of the city of Kamensk-Uralsky M. S. Astakhov at the Third International Tourist Film Festival "Date with Russia" in the cities of Verkhoturye and Kamensk-Uralsky (2012).

Compositions

Ilizarov G.A. Blood supply to the spine and the effect of changes in trophism and load on its shape. - Chelyabinsk, 1981.
Ilizarov G.A. October in my destiny / Lit. entry by V. Gavrishin. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural book publishing house, 1987. - 216 p.
Treatment of flexion contractures of the knee and ankle joints / Compiled by G. A. Ilizarov and A. A. Devyatov. - Kurgan, 1971. - 14 p. - 3,000 copies.
Transosseous compression and distraction osteosynthesis in traumatology and orthopedics / Ed. ed. G. A. Ilizarov. Collection scientific works. Issue 1. - Kurgan: Soviet Trans-Urals, 1972. - 344 p.

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The next day, the troops gathered in the evening at the appointed places and marched out at night. It was an autumn night with black-purple clouds, but no rain. The ground was wet, but there was no mud, and the troops marched without noise, only the strumming of artillery was faintly audible. It was forbidden to speak loudly, smoke pipes, make fire; the horses were kept from neighing. The mystery of the enterprise increased its attractiveness. The people were having fun. Some of the columns stopped, put their guns on the racks, and lay down on cold ground, believing that they came to the right place; some (most) columns walked all night and, obviously, went in the wrong direction.
Count Orlov Denisov with the Cossacks (the most insignificant detachment of all others) alone got to his place and at his time. This detachment stopped at the extreme edge of the forest, on the path from the village of Stromilova to Dmitrovskoye.
Before dawn, Count Orlov, who had dozed off, was awakened. They brought in a defector from the French camp. It was a Polish non-commissioned officer of Poniatowski's corps. This non-commissioned officer explained in Polish that he defected because he was offended in the service, that it would be time for him to be an officer long ago, that he is the bravest of all and therefore abandoned them and wants to punish them. He said that Murat was spending the night a mile away from them, and that if they gave him a hundred people in an escort, he would take him alive. Count Orlov Denisov consulted with his comrades. The offer was too flattering to refuse. Everyone volunteered to go, everyone advised to try. After many disputes and considerations, Major General Grekov, with two Cossack regiments, decided to go with a non-commissioned officer.
“Well, remember,” said Count Orlov Denisov to the non-commissioned officer, releasing him, “in case you lied, I will order you to be hanged like a dog, but the truth is a hundred chervonets.”
The non-commissioned officer, with a resolute look, did not answer these words, mounted on horseback and rode off with Grekov, who had quickly gathered himself. They hid in the forest. Count Orlov, shrugging from the freshness of the morning dawning, excited by what he was up to on his own responsibility, having seen Grekov off, went out of the forest and began to look around the enemy camp, which was now visible deceptively in the light of the beginning of the morning and the dying fires. To the right of Count Orlov Denisov, on an open slope, our columns should have appeared. Count Orlov looked there; but despite the fact that they would have been visible from afar, these columns were not visible. In the French camp, as it seemed to Count Orlov Denisov, and especially according to his very vigilant adjutant, they began to stir.
“Oh, really, it’s late,” said Count Orlov, looking at the camp. He suddenly, as often happens, after the person we believe is no longer in front of his eyes, it suddenly became completely clear and obvious to him that the non-commissioned officer was a deceiver, that he had lied and would only spoil the whole attack by the absence of these two regiments, whom he will lead God knows where. Is it possible to snatch out the commander-in-chief from such a mass of troops?
“Really, he’s lying, this rogue,” said the count.
“You can turn back,” said one of the retinue, who, like Count Orlov Denisov, felt distrust of the enterprise when he looked at the camp.
- A? Right?.. what do you think, or leave? Or not?
- Would you like to turn back?
- Turn back, turn back! - Count Orlov suddenly said resolutely, looking at his watch, - it will be late, it will be quite light.
And the adjutant galloped through the forest after Grekov. When Grekov returned, Count Orlov Denisov, excited by this canceled attempt, and the vain expectation of infantry columns, which all did not show up, and the proximity of the enemy (all the people of his detachment experienced the same), decided to attack.
He commanded in a whisper: "Sit down!" Divided, baptized...
- With God blessing!
"Uraaaaa!" - rustled through the forest, and, one hundred after another, as if sleeping out of a bag, the Cossacks flew merrily with their darts at the ready, across the stream to the camp.
One desperate, frightened cry of the first Frenchman who saw the Cossacks - and all that was in the camp, undressed, half-awake, threw guns, rifles, horses and ran anywhere.
If the Cossacks pursued the French, not paying attention to what was behind and around them, they would have taken Murat and everything that was there. The bosses wanted it. But it was impossible to budge the Cossacks when they got to the booty and prisoners. Nobody listened to the commands. One thousand five hundred prisoners were immediately taken, thirty-eight guns, banners and, most importantly for the Cossacks, horses, saddles, blankets and various items. It was necessary to get along with all this, to seize the prisoners, guns, divide the booty, shout, even fight among themselves: the Cossacks took care of all this.
The French, no longer pursued, began to gradually come to their senses, gathered in teams and began to shoot. Orlov Denisov waited for all the columns and did not advance further.
Meanwhile, according to the disposition: “die erste Colonne marschiert” [the first column is coming (German)], etc., the infantry troops of the late columns, commanded by Benigsen and managed by Tol, made their way and, as always happens, came somewhere , but not where they were assigned. As always happens, people who went out cheerfully began to stop; displeasure was heard, a consciousness of confusion, they moved somewhere back. The galloping adjutants and generals shouted, got angry, quarreled, said that they were completely in the wrong place and were late, they scolded someone, etc., and finally, everyone waved their hand and went only to go somewhere. "We'll go somewhere!" And indeed, they came, but not there, and some went there, but they were so late that they came without any use, only to be shot at. Toll, who in this battle played the role of Weyrother in Austerlitz, diligently galloped from place to place and everywhere found everything upside down. So he rode on Baggovut's corps in the forest, when it was already completely light, and this corps should have been there long ago, with Orlov Denisov. Excited, upset by the failure and believing that someone was to blame for this, Toll jumped up to the corps commander and began to reproach him severely, saying that he should be shot for this. Baggovut, the old, fighting, calm general, also exhausted by all the stops, confusions, contradictions, to the surprise of everyone, completely contrary to his character, went into a rage and said unpleasant things to Tolya.
“I don’t want to take lessons from anyone, but I know how to die with my soldiers no worse than anyone else,” he said, and went forward with one division.
Entering the field under the French shots, the excited and brave Baggovut, not realizing whether his intervention now was useful or useless, and with one division, went straight and led his troops under the shots. Danger, cannonballs, bullets were just what he needed in his angry mood. One of the first bullets killed him, the next bullets killed many soldiers. And his division stood for some time useless under fire.

Meanwhile, another column was supposed to attack the French from the front, but Kutuzov was with this column. He knew well that nothing but confusion would come out of this battle, which had begun against his will, and, as far as it was in his power, held back the troops. He didn't move.
Kutuzov silently rode on his gray horse, lazily responding to proposals to attack.
“You have everything on your tongue to attack, but you don’t see that we don’t know how to make complex maneuvers,” he said to Miloradovich, who was asking to come forward.
- They didn’t know how to take Murat alive in the morning and arrive on time at the place: now there’s nothing to do! he replied to another.
When Kutuzov was informed that in the rear of the French, where, according to the reports of the Cossacks, there had been no one before, there were now two battalions of Poles, he glanced back at Yermolov (he had not spoken to him since yesterday).
- Here they ask for an offensive, they offer different projects, but as soon as you get down to business, nothing is ready, and the warned enemy takes his measures.
Yermolov screwed up his eyes and smiled slightly when he heard these words. He realized that the storm had passed for him and that Kutuzov would confine himself to this hint.
“He’s amused at my expense,” Yermolov said quietly, pushing Raevsky, who was standing beside him, with his knee.
Shortly thereafter, Yermolov moved forward to Kutuzov and respectfully reported:
“Time has not been lost, Your Grace, the enemy has not left. If you order to attack? And then the guards will not see the smoke.
Kutuzov did not say anything, but when he was informed that Murat's troops were retreating, he ordered an offensive; but every hundred steps he stopped for three-quarters of an hour.
The whole battle consisted only in what the Cossacks of Orlov Denisov did; the rest of the troops only lost a few hundred people in vain.
As a result of this battle, Kutuzov received a diamond badge, Benigsen also received diamonds and a hundred thousand rubles, others, according to their ranks, also received a lot of pleasant things, and after this battle, new changes were made in the headquarters.
“This is how we always do it, everything is upside down!” - Russian officers and generals said after the Battle of Tarutino, - just like they say now, making it feel that someone stupid is doing it upside down, but we would not have done it that way. But people who say this either do not know the business they are talking about, or deliberately deceive themselves. Every battle - Tarutino, Borodino, Austerlitz - everything is not carried out in the way that its stewards intended. This is an essential condition.
An innumerable number of free forces (for nowhere is a man more free than in a battle where life and death are at stake) influence the direction of the battle, and this direction can never be known in advance and never coincide with the direction of any one force.
If many, simultaneously and diversely directed forces act on some body, then the direction of movement of this body cannot coincide with any of the forces; but there will always be an average, shortest direction, that which in mechanics is expressed by the diagonal of the parallelogram of forces.
If in the descriptions of historians, especially French ones, we find that their wars and battles are carried out according to a predetermined plan, then the only conclusion that we can draw from this is that these descriptions are not correct.
The Tarutino battle, obviously, did not achieve the goal that Tol had in mind: to bring the troops into action in order, according to the disposition, and the one that Count Orlov could have had; capture Murat, or the goal of instantly exterminating the entire corps, which Benigsen and other persons could have, or the goals of an officer who wanted to get into business and distinguish himself, or a Cossack who wanted to get more booty than he got, etc. But , if the goal was what really happened, and what was then a common desire for all Russian people (the expulsion of the French from Russia and the extermination of their army), then it will be completely clear that the Battle of Tarutino, precisely because of its incongruities, was the very , which was needed during that period of the campaign. It is difficult and impossible to think of any outcome of this battle more expedient than the one that it had. With the smallest exertion, with the greatest confusion and with the most insignificant loss, the greatest results in the entire campaign were obtained, the transition from retreat to attack was made, the weakness of the French was exposed, and that impetus was given, which was only expected by the Napoleonic army to start the flight.

Napoleon enters Moscow after a brilliant victory de la Moskowa; there can be no doubt about victory, since the battlefield remains with the French. The Russians retreat and give up the capital. Moscow, filled with provisions, weapons, shells and untold riches, is in the hands of Napoleon. Russian army, twice as weak as the French, for a month does not make a single attempt to attack. Napoleon's position is the most brilliant. In order to fall on the remnants of the Russian army with double strength and exterminate it, in order to negotiate a favorable peace or, in case of refusal, to make a threatening movement against Petersburg, in order even, in case of failure, to return to Smolensk or Vilna , or stay in Moscow - in order, in a word, to keep the brilliant position in which the French army was at that time, it would seem that no special genius is needed. To do this, it was necessary to do the simplest and easiest: to prevent the troops from being plundered, to prepare winter clothes that would be enough in Moscow for the entire army, and to properly collect provisions for the entire army that were in Moscow for more than six months (according to French historians). Napoleon, the most brilliant of geniuses and having the power to direct the army, historians say, did nothing of the sort.
Not only did he not do any of this, but, on the contrary, he used his power to choose from all the paths of activity presented to him that which was the most stupid and pernicious of all. Of all that Napoleon could do: spend the winter in Moscow, go to St. Petersburg, go to Nizhny Novgorod, go back, north or south, the way that Kutuzov went later - well, whatever you think up is more stupid and more pernicious than what he did Napoleon, that is, to remain in Moscow until October, leaving the troops to plunder the city, then, hesitating whether to leave or not to leave the garrison, leave Moscow, approach Kutuzov, do not start fighting, go to the right, reach Maly Yaroslavets, again without experiencing the chance to break through , to go not along the road along which Kutuzov went, but to go back to Mozhaisk and along the devastated Smolensk road - nothing could be more stupid than this, more detrimental to the army, as the consequences showed. Let the most skillful strategists come up with, imagining that Napoleon's goal was to destroy his army, come up with another series of actions that would, with the same certainty and independence from everything that the Russian troops did, would completely destroy the whole French army like what Napoleon did.
The brilliant Napoleon did it. But to say that Napoleon destroyed his army because he wanted it, or because he was very stupid, would be just as unfair as to say that Napoleon brought his troops to Moscow because he wanted it, and because that he was very smart and brilliant.
In both cases, his personal activity, which had no more power than the personal activity of each soldier, only coincided with the laws according to which the phenomenon took place.
Quite falsely (only because the consequences did not justify the activities of Napoleon) historians present to us the strength of Napoleon weakened in Moscow. He, just as before, as after, in the 13th year, used all his skill and strength to do the best for himself and his army. Napoleon's activity during this time is no less amazing than in Egypt, in Italy, in Austria and in Prussia. We do not know correctly about the extent to which the genius of Napoleon was real in Egypt, where forty centuries looked at his greatness, because all these great feats are described to us only by the French. We cannot correctly judge his genius in Austria and Prussia, since information about his activities there must be drawn from French and German sources; and the incomprehensible surrender of corps without battles and fortresses without siege should incline the Germans to recognize genius as the only explanation for the war that was waged in Germany. But there is no reason for us to recognize his genius in order to hide our shame, thank God. We have paid to have the right to simply and directly look at the matter, and we will not cede this right.
His activity in Moscow is as amazing and ingenious as elsewhere. Orders after orders and plans after plans come from him from the moment he enters Moscow until he leaves it. The absence of residents and deputations, and the fire of Moscow itself, do not bother him. He does not lose sight of either the good of his army, or the actions of the enemy, or the good of the peoples of Russia, or the administration of the valleys of Paris, or diplomatic considerations about the forthcoming conditions of peace.

In military terms, immediately upon entering Moscow, Napoleon strictly orders General Sebastiani to follow the movements of the Russian army, sends corps to different roads and Murat orders to find Kutuzov. Then he diligently orders the strengthening of the Kremlin; then he makes an ingenious plan for a future campaign across the entire map of Russia. In terms of diplomacy, Napoleon calls to himself the robbed and ragged captain Yakovlev, who does not know how to get out of Moscow, sets out to him in detail all his policy and his generosity and, writing a letter to Emperor Alexander, in which he considers it his duty to inform his friend and brother that Rostopchin badly ordered in Moscow, he sends Yakovlev to Petersburg. Having set out in the same detail his views and generosity before Tutolmin, he sends this old man to St. Petersburg for negotiations.
With respect to the legal, immediately after the fires, it was ordered to find the perpetrators and execute them. And the villain Rostopchin is punished by being ordered to burn his houses.

Ilizarov Gavriil Abramovich years of life. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov is a great scientist and a great adventurer. The current state of the Ilizarov center