Memorial complex eternal flame. Eternal flame in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Craft for Victory Day

Memorial complex "Eternal Flame"- a complex in honor of the defenders of the Motherland who fell in heroic battles, residents of the city of Salavat.

The memorial complex is located on Salavat Yulaev Boulevard, next to the Palace of Children and Youth Creativity. The complex was opened in 1981. The complex includes:

• Eternal flame with a monument (a boat on a pedestal). The inscription on the monument "In memory of the sailors defending the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." The inscription on the boat "In memory of the immortal feat of veterans of the Great Patriotic War"
• Anti-aircraft artillery installation - 100 mm cannon.
• Katyusha rocket launcher
• Tank T-34/76 model 1941-1942, which took part in the battles in the Baryatinsky region Kaluga region in March 1942.
• Memorial plates to Heroes Soviet Union- Beketov V. S., Sukhorukov A. Ya., Akhtyamov H. B. and Hero of Russia - Trubanov V. E.
• Granite wall with photos of Heroes
• Granite slab with the inscription: “The square is dedicated to the defenders of the Fatherland. Laid down May 9, 2000"

Story

Since 1981, the memorial complex included a monument with a boat and an eternal flame. The patrol boat was delivered by railway from Kerch. Specially invited veterans participating in the battles on Malaya Zemlya performed at the opening ceremony of the complex. On the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the Victory, the memorial complex was reconstructed and supplemented military equipment and memorial slabs and a granite wall.

Today, commemorative events are held at the Eternal Flame of Glory memorial, veterans are honored, wreaths are laid in memory of the fallen residents of Salavat.

Your notes about Nizhny Novgorod region, I'll start, of course, with its main city - Nizhny Novgorod. This is a city with an ancient and unique destiny, which has numerous attractions. I will not delve into its history, it is quite long and has already been described by many. Let me just say that the city was founded in 1221 by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. The Kremlin was built here, the second militia was formed on the initiative of K. Minin to liberate Moscow from the Poles, the Nizhny Novgorod Fair was operating, and the GAZ plant was created. St. Macarius Zheltovodsky, inventor Ivan Kulibin, composer Mili Balakirev, photographer Maxim Dmitriev, mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky, pilot Pyotr Nesterov, writer Maxim Gorky, actor Evgeny Evstigneev, composer Alexander Kasyanov were born here. Let's walk through this magnificent city, visit its ancient streets.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin- one of the few surviving in Russia, built in 1500-1518, has never been taken in its entire history. The only Kremlin in Russia, located not on an elevated flat plateau, but on a difference in relief:

Let's go around the Kremlin, see its towers
The main tower of the Kremlin is Dmitrievskaya. The Dmitrievskaya tower was built the first of all the towers of the Kremlin, during the reign of the Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod Dmitry Konstantinovich, who laid it in the 14th century.
The tower was named after the nearby church of Demetrius of Thessalonica. Dmitrievskaya Tower was the main formidable defender during the raids of enemies. In the thickness of its walls, reaching 5 meters, battle furnaces are still visible:

Warehouse tower. Starting from the 17th century. the tower was used to store ammunition and weapons (hence the name - Pantry):

Nikolskaya tower. The tower got its name from the Verkhneposadskaya Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which stood opposite it at Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street. Gate tower. Once the gate had a drawbridge across the moat, but at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries. the gates were blocked. At the same time, the tower was adapted for a food warehouse. Later, the tower belonged to the military department and until 1956 served as a utility room for various military units:

Koromyslov tower. The strands (walls) that adjoin it look like rocker arms. Maybe that's why it got its name. However, there are various legends about this.
The first legend (heroic): a local girl with a yoke on her shoulders descended from the Kremlin steeps to the Pochaina River, enemies attacked her, and she began to scatter their hordes with a yoke, but after long struggle fell dead, her enemies buried her with honors under the tower and went back to her in good health.
Legend two (tragic): the young woman Alena, who was walking for water, was seized by the builders of the tower and walled up alive under the base of the future tower, sacrificing her so that their work would go well, as the ancient custom said:

Tainitskaya tower. The name Taynitskaya first occurs in 1765 and is due to the fact that the tower had an underground passage-cache that led from the Kremlin to the Pochaina River:

North tower. The name Severnaya is given due to the fact that it is the most extreme from the north in relation to other towers located above the Pochainsky ravine:

Clock tower. The clock tower was already given during construction special meaning: over its stone part was placed wooden frame sentry hut, and above it - a guard tower.
Inside the hut there was a clock mechanism, and dials were reinforced along the outer walls. Hence the name of the tower - Sentry. In the inventory of 1621 it is said: "there is a fighting clock on the tower", i.e. every hour was marked by a fight:

Ivanovskaya tower. The Ivanovskaya tower can be called the largest (its volume is 17x20 m). It got its name from the nearby church of John the Baptist. The tower played exclusively important role in the defense of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin from the foothill side. In the tower itself there were many different premises, including those for prisons. One of the legends tells how the citizens of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, imprisoned in the tower, helped the people of Nizhny Novgorod to defeat the Nogai Khan. This tower is famous for the fact that in 1612 the Nizhny Novgorod militia headed by Minin and Pozharsky moved from its walls to liberate Moscow from the Poles:

White Tower. The base of the tower is made of white stone - hence its name:

Zachatievsky tower. Destroyed by landslides in the XVIII century. the tower was named after the one who was here convent. In 2012, it was recreated in its original form. At the same time, walls were restored, 20-30 m adjacent to it in each direction. The tower houses an exposition dedicated to the archeology of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the original remains of the tower are exhibited:

Borisoglebskaya tower. Once named after the church of St. Boris and Gleb, the tower was destroyed by time and landslides, and the existing one is a copy of the ancient one (recreated in 1972-1974). But on the outside of the Kremlin, the restorers managed to preserve the original remains of the old tower:

Georgievskaya tower. Named after the Church of St. George, which stood nearby. Like other quadrangular towers of the Kremlin, Georgievskaya had a passage gate. Then the tower was used as a warehouse. Now outside it is almost half hidden by the earth:

Powder tower. It contained stocks of gunpowder, hence the name:


Let's now enter the territory of the Kremlin itself through the Dmitrievskaya Tower.
Memorial "Gorky Front". This is an exhibition of weapons produced in Gorky during the Great Patriotic War, dedicated to the labor exploits of the Gorky people, was opened on the 30th anniversary of the Victory, in 1975:


Obelisk with a sculpture of the patron saint of the Russian army George the Victorious in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin near the Park of Glory. Installed in 1995, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War:

Michael the Archangel Cathedral in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.
The oldest structure in the Kremlin that has come down to us. An outstanding monument of ancient Russian architecture, which belongs to the type of hipped temples. The cathedral was built in 1628-1631. (architects - Lavrentiy and Antipa Vozoulins). The Archangel Cathedral is the tomb of the Nizhny Novgorod princes, and since 1962 the ashes of K. Minin, the organizer and leader of the Russian people's militia in 1612, who liberated Moscow from the Polish invaders, have been buried here:

Monument to the founder of Nizhny Novgorod, Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich and his spiritual mentor, Bishop Simon of Suzdal. The monument was erected in 2008:

Monument to the first citizens of Nizhny Novgorod:


Office building ( Cadet Corps) in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It was built in 1785. Here in 1887 an outstanding Russian pilot P.N. Nesterov was born in the family of a tutor. Now here is the Legislative Assembly of the Nizhny Novgorod Region:


The building of the Regional Committee of the CPSU in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Built in 1974-1976. on the site of the destroyed cathedral church of the Assumption of the Virgin built in 1821-1828. Currently, the regional government and the administration of the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region, as well as the Plenipotentiary Representation of the President of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District are located here:


Eternal flame with a granite stele in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It was opened on May 8, 1965:


Tank T-34, produced during the Second World War by the Sormovo plant. located next to the memorial complex in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Installed on May 9, 1970. The tank was one of the first to liberate the city of Vienna:


The building of the Kremlin Police Department ( Telephone exchange). Built in 1786. Now - the Office of the Federal Treasury for the Nizhny Novgorod Region:


Monument in honor of Gorky residents, participants in the Great Patriotic War, twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, Guards Lieutenant General of Aviation V.G. Ryazanov (1901-1951) and Major General of Aviation A.V. Vorozheykin (1912-2001):

Obelisk in honor of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Built in 1828. The oldest monument in Nizhny Novgorod. The granite obelisk was made in St. Petersburg. During transportation to Nizhny Novgorod, the upper parts of the granite shaft were damaged (which can be observed visually):


House of Soviets in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Built in 1929-1931. This is the first major public building, built under Soviet rule in Nizhny Novgorod. During the construction of the House of Soviets, the Transfiguration Cathedral and the building of the guardhouse at the house of the military governor were destroyed. The House of Soviets is a typical example of constructivist architecture. Two intersecting four-story buildings and a cylindrical "nose" resemble (in terms of) an airplane. From the moment of construction to the present, the city government bodies are located here:


Worship cross in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Installed in 1994. Dedicated to the memory of the Slavic first teachers of the saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius:


Chapel in honor of the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Built in 2012 on the site of the demolished Nizhny Novgorod Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior (1225-1918):

Tombstone behind the chapel in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. This slab was installed in the Transfiguration Cathedral at the burial site of K. Minin with donations from the Nizhny Novgorod merchants in 1878. On November 4, 2012, the year of the 400th anniversary of the feat of the Nizhny Novgorod militia in 1612, the tombstone was returned to its historical place:

A memorial sign on the site of the former Transfiguration Cathedral, demolished in 1929 for the construction of the House of Soviets in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin:

House of the military governor in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Built in 1841. In the 1860s. here, in a part of the building, the first public art school in Nizhny Novgorod was opened, headed by the famous artist and photographer A.O. Karelin and arch.L.V.Dal (V.I.Dal's son). In the post-revolutionary period, Soviet and party organs were housed in the palace. It was in this building that in 1858 the governor A.N. Muravyov introduced the writer A. Dumas to the prototypes of his novel "The Fencing Teacher", which had already been written, by the former Decembrist and convict, Nizhny Novgorod official Ivan Annenkov and his wife Praskovya (nee Polina Goble). The story of the life and love of the Annenkovs is familiar to us from the film by V. Motyl "The Star of Captivating Happiness". Since 1991, the Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum has been located here with a rich collection of paintings, drawings and sculptures:


The Arbitration Court of the Volga-Vyatka District in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin:


Barracks of the garrison battalion in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Built in 1797-1806. The barracks buildings were conceived as an integral part of the complex of administrative buildings in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Here were placed military units and various services of the military department, including the infirmary. In the 2nd half of the XIX century. behind the building overlooking the former parade ground square, the name "White Barracks" was fixed.
From Soviet times until 2009, the headquarters of the Nizhny Novgorod military garrison was located here:


This concludes our walk around the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.

Noting the exceptional merits of the defenders of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) to the Motherland, in 1964 the City Executive Committee of the city of Gorky decided: "On the 20th anniversary of the Victory, create a memorial complex in honor of the Gorky people who died during the Great Patriotic War." The grand opening took place on May 8, 1965 on the eve of the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Victory Day. The memorial complex "Eternal Flame" is located in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, not far from the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Cathedral. Since 1980, it was decided to organize a guard of honor near the memorial, consisting of schoolchildren. The authors of the project are: Honored Architect of Russia, Corresponding Member Russian Academy Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN) Timofeev SA, First Vice-President of the Union of Architects of Russia, Corresponding Member of the RAACS, Honored Architect of Russia Nelyubin BS, architect Kovalev V.Ya. and artists Lyubimov V.V., Lamster E.E., Topupov N.P., Shvaikin A.M. In just one year (from 1964 to 1965), the group of authors formed the general idea of ​​the ensemble, made models and sketches of the complex, after which models of the main elements were made and installed, and improvements were made to the memorial. On May 9, 1970, the T-34 tank was installed on the territory of the complex as a symbol of the labor contribution of the Gorky residents to the achievement of the Victory.

In the center memorial complex there is an eternal flame shining on a four-sided gray granite pedestal. The ensemble itself consists of two granite steles. Near the first stele, no more than one and a half meters high, gilded wreaths are located along the entire length, symbolizing the soldiers who went missing during the bloody war. On the other side, two fighters and the date of the beginning and end of the Great Patriotic War are depicted, and on reverse side the names of the Gorky people - Heroes of the Soviet Union who died at the front, and the inscription: "Eternal glory to the Gorky people who died in the battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland!" On the side of the stele, verses by the poet V. Polovinkin are engraved in gold letters:

"Comrades, remember the life of those who defended,

They saved us both the sun and joy.

For honor, for freedom, for the homeland of the fallen

Forever consider walking side by side."

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Memorial complex "Eternal Flame" located in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, near the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Cathedral.

In 1964, the City Executive Committee of the city of Gorky decided: "On the 20th anniversary of the Victory, create a memorial complex in honor of the Gorky people who died during the Great Patriotic War."

The opening of the memorial took place on May 8, 1965 on the eve of the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Victory Day. The memorial complex includes the Eternal Flame and a granite stele. The words are engraved on the stele: Eternal memory to the people of Gorky who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland . On the reverse side are engraved the names - Gorkovites - Heroes of the Soviet Union who died at the front.

On the side of the stele, verses by the poet V. Polovinkin are engraved:

Comrades, remember the life of those who defended,
They saved us both the sun and joy.
For honor, for freedom, for the homeland of the fallen
Forever consider walking side by side.

May 9, 1970 near the complex was installed tank T-34 as a symbol of the labor contribution of Gorky residents to the common Victory.

Since 1980, a guard of honor has been organized by the fire, consisting of schoolchildren.

The eternal flame symbolizes the courage and bravery of warriors who gave their lives for a brave cause. When the Nazi invaders violated the non-aggression pact and treacherously invaded the territory of the Soviet Union, everyone, young and old, did their best to contribute to the Great Victory. Most of the boys and girls volunteered to go to the front to beat the enemy, those who did not go to the front stood behind the machines, making shells and tanks for the Soviet army, mostly these workers were children.

The first days and months of the war were very difficult and tense. With incredible courage and bravery Soviet people defended their great Motherland. Volunteer partisan detachments were organized in the Belarusian forests, which, by their actions, tried to thwart Adolf Hitler's lightning-fast plan to seize the Soviet Union.

Opening of the first Eternal Flame of Glory

One of the first monuments to fallen soldiers was opened in 1921. The memorial complex was built triumphal arch in the French capital, Paris.

In the collapsed Soviet Union, in Moscow, in honor of the celebration of the Great Victory in 1955, the Eternal Flame was solemnly lit at the monument. However, it is difficult to call it "eternal", since it was lit periodically, only a few times a year:

• for the celebration of Victory Day;
• on Armed Forces Day and Navy, later, since 2013, on Defender of the Fatherland Day;
• on the Day of the Liberation of Shchekino.

A truly Eternal Flame is the fire in St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), which was lit on November 6, 1957 on the Field of Mars.

To date, there are only three such memorial complexes in the capital. The first Eternal Flame was lit on February 9, 1961. Over time, the gas pipeline supplying gas has worn out, and, since 2004, it has been repair work temporarily turned off, and by 2010 they were lit again.

Monuments and memorial complexes, built in the 50-60s of the twentieth century, have pretty worn out by our time. The gas pipelines leading to the fire are especially affected. Therefore, the government annually allocates funds to reconstruct and replace pipes at many monuments of the country as quickly as possible.

Photos of the memorial complex

The photo below shows the Eternal Flame near the Kremlin Wall, which was lit on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in 1967. The opening ceremony was personally led by Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. In 2009, the fire was moved to Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill. In 2010, it was returned to the Kremlin wall again.

A proposal to open a memorial on Poklonnaya Hill was made by representatives of the Moscow Veterans Society. The public warmly supported this initiative, because such monuments symbolize the eternal memory of the fallen soldiers and teach today's youth not to forget the terrible pages of the history of their country.

Remarkable and brave citizens were awarded to light the Eternal Flame:

1. Participant in the hostilities during the defense of Moscow, honorary citizen, chairman of the council of war and labor veterans Vladimir Dolgikh.
2. Hero of Russia Colonel Vyacheslav Sivko.
3. Representative public organization Nikolai Zimogorodov.

After the opening of the memorial complex, this place became the most visited in the Russian capital. Not only residents of Moscow come here, but also numerous tourists who want to see the sights of the hero city.

Do you need an Eternal Flame?

Modern youth is less and less interested in history and those distant anxious days of the Great Patriotic War. There are fewer and fewer people who have passed through fire walls hell of those years. But nevertheless, we should never forget about the feat that our fathers and grandfathers accomplished in the name of the world of future generations. One of these reminders are monuments and memorials with eternal and unquenchable fire, reminiscent of the heroic deeds of soldiers on the battlefields.

When designing and restoring monuments, experts are thinking about how to make the Eternal Flame, but there are people and officials who are against this. They argue this by saying that extra material costs are needed for supplying and maintaining gas pipes and burners. But it is very good that there are only a few such people, because the Eternal Flame symbolizes the eternal memory of the feat that people have accomplished in the name of peace.

Where Veterans Meet

In many cities of the vast expanses of Russia, monuments and memorials with the Eternal Flame have been opened. These places have long become sights and visiting cards of cities, they attract many people. different ages, guests and tourists. For veterans, they serve as a meeting place and memory of distant war days and fallen comrades.

On the day of the celebration of the Great Victory over the Nazi invaders, May 9, fresh flowers are brought to monuments and memorials and wreaths are laid. Here, too, a field kitchen for veterans is very often deployed with the obligatory front-line one hundred grams.

Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

During bloody battles great amount soldiers and officers were missing. Until now, the remains of dead soldiers are found on former locations military operations. During the defense of Moscow back in 1941, a huge number of workers and soldiers were killed, in their honor in 1967 the monument "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" was built. At its foot, pointed flames burst out of a bronze five-pointed star, symbolizing the unforgettable deeds of the heroes.

The Eternal Flame monument serves as a meeting place, because every day people bring fresh flowers to it, thereby honoring the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives for a brighter future. It serves as a meeting place for students of Moscow (and not only) schools with war veterans. Each child then captures what they see by creating a drawing. The eternal flame flares up with a bright flame in young hearts.

Create a drawing

How to draw an Eternal Flame? Before proceeding with the sketches, it is necessary to look at it live at least once. It is best to make a sketch without leaving the memorial, so you can choose the most suitable angle. The monument should be photographed in order to complete the drawing at home.

On a piece of paper you need to sketch out the outline of the memorial. It is important to remember when creating a drawing: The eternal flame should not reach the edges of the sheet, you should leave indents of two to three centimeters. In this case, the image will turn out beautiful and voluminous. The sketch and the drawing itself should be done with a sharp simple pencil, applying light lines.

Shutdown

The next step is to draw clearer outlines. Parents can give their children their advice on how to draw the Eternal Flame, but it is better to do it in the form of a five-pointed star in the form of rays with drawing all sides of the figure.

To give volume from each vertex of the star, we raise (lower) perpendicular lines relative to the entire picture and connect them with parallel lines. The final moment will be the connection of the center of the star with its tops. After that, you should go directly to drawing the flame. It is better not to paint the tongues of fire in a catchy bright red color, but to make it orange-red.

Finally, erase all auxiliary lines with an eraser and color the picture using colored pencils or watercolors.

Hero cities

The inscription on the granite slab of the "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier" memorial reads "Your name is unknown, your deed is immortal." In continuation of the historical ensemble, along with the Kremlin wall, urns with earth taken from hero cities: Minsk and Leningrad, Sevastopol and Kiev, Kerch and Volgograd, Brest and Smolensk, Tula and Murmansk were installed.

As you can see in the photo, "Eternal Flame" is a monument that always has a lot of people. The flame burns constantly, and the top of the memorial ensemble is decorated with a soldier's helmet cast in bronze, a laurel branch and a battle banner. Thousands of people come to look at the Eternal Flame on May 9, Victory Day, as well as veterans who, with a minute of silence, honor the memory of the fallen soldiers who showed extraordinary courage and fortitude in the struggle for freedom during the Great Patriotic War.

Craft for Victory Day

Craft "Eternal Flame", made with your own hands, will become the most beautiful and an expensive gift, which a schoolboy can give to warring grandparents. On the eve of the holiday at school and at home, adults should talk with children about heroic deeds. Soviet soldiers on the battlefields with the Nazi occupiers.

The craft is made from paper or other improvised materials. It should not be difficult, so as not to discourage children from doing it. To make the Eternal Flame out of paper, the child will need perseverance, attentiveness, the ability to use scissors and glue. Such crafts are best done by middle school students, students of the fifth or sixth grades. Scissors are required to make a gift, colored paper, glue, a simple pencil and a ruler. First you need to draw a star on the back of the colored paper, cut it out and glue the three-dimensional figure. You also need to do with the image of fire.

Can be more in a simple way make an eternal flame with your own hands. To do this, you will need the following components: half a glass of flour, water and one tablespoon vegetable oil. Ask the elders or try to knead the dough yourself. From it, as from plasticine, make a cake and press it down with something flat, such as a saucer or plate. From the resulting cake, a five-pointed star should be cut with a knife. In the middle, make five small holes for the fire. To make flames, you need red colored paper. On the reverse side, draw a fire, then cut it out. There should be five flames. After cutting out of paper, they must be inserted into the holes made in the dough. The craft is ready, and you can give it to your grandmother or grandfather!

The fire of eternal glory burns

Many representatives of the younger generation do not even know that once their grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought for the freedom of the Motherland. The primary task of teachers and parents is to work with children so that they do not lose the thin thread that connects the history of past glory and the realities of present life. Almost no one can answer the question of when the first Eternal Flame was lit, few will be able to tell why it burns and what it symbolizes. War stories are an integral part of the upbringing and development of the child.

The eternal flame in Moscow and many cities of the vast expanses of the Motherland burns at the foot of memorial ensembles and monuments.

Memory is imperishable

In Cherkessk, on the celebration of Victory Day in 1967, a fire was solemnly lit at the memorial to the fallen soldiers-liberators who gave their lives for the independence and freedom of Russia. From a conversation with the director of the local history center, S. Tverdokhlebov, it was possible to find out that he collected bit by bit information about the soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic war defending the city of Cherkessk. Based on this material, a book was published and the memory of the heroes was immortalized in the form of a memorial complex with an Eternal Flame.

It is very important that current generation never forgot about the terrible crimes against all mankind committed by the Nazi invaders, so that the horror of the war that our grandfathers experienced would never be repeated, especially since every year fewer and fewer witnesses of those terrible and tense days remain alive.