| Types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation | Navy

Armed forces Russian Federation

Types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Navy

From the history of the creation

In 1695, the young king Peter I took an attempt to master the busy by the Turks the fortress of Azov. The siege ended in failure, since the garrison of the fortress provided great help and the support of the Turkish fleet dominated by the Azov Sea.

After analyzing the reasons for an unsuccessful siege in Russia, Admiralty was established, and on r. Voronezh laid shipbuilding shipyards. As a result of energetic measures taken in 1696. It was possible to create the first combat and transportation vessels in the history of Russia, the so-called sea military caravan. Its composition had 2 frigates, 23 galleys, 4 brandres and about 1000 small rowing vessels. In May 1696, the land army (about 75 thousand people) and the sea military caravan reached Azov and blocked him from Sushi and from the sea, and on May 20, a detachment of 40 Cossack boats attacked a Turkish squadron. Turks lost 2 ships and 10 cargo ships. At the same time, the main part of the military caravan took a position in the mouth of the river. Don and did not allow the Turkish fleet to come to the shore and land the reinforcement for the help of the Azov garrison.

As a result of these actions, on July 19, 1696, Azov surrendered. In connection with these events of 1696, the year of the founding of the Navy of Russia is considered to be rightfully.

Organizational structure of the Military Fleet

Main Command of the Navy
Superwater forces
Underwater power
Sea aviation
- Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops
- Marines

Navy- The type of armed forces, designed to strike at industrial and economic districts (centers), important military facilities of the enemy and defeat its naval forces. Navy is able to apply nuclear strikes According to ground objects of the enemy, destroy his ships to the sea and in the databases, violate its ocean and sea communications and protect their own, to promote land forces in carrying out operations, plant marine landings and reflect the landing of the enemy marine assaults, transport troops, material tools and perform other tasks .

Part Navyit includes several genera: underwater, surface, sea aviation, coastal troops. It also includes ships and vessels of the auxiliary fleet, part of special purpose and various services. The main kind of forces are underwater forces and sea aviation.

Navy It is one of the most important foreign policy attributes of the state. It is intended to ensure the safety and protection of the interests of the Russian Federation in peaceful and wartime on the ocean and marine borders.

The Navy is able to inflict nuclear strikes on ground objects of the enemy, destroy the grouping of his fleet in Morse and databases, violate the ocean and sea communications of the enemy and protect their sea transportation, to promote land forces in operations at the continental theaters of hostilities, plant seasons, participate In the reflection of the enemy's papers and perform other tasks.

Today, the Navy consists of four fleets: the North, Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic and Caspian flotilla. The priority task of the fleet is to prevent the unleashing of wars and armed conflicts, and in the case of aggression, its reflection, cover of the country, forces and troops from the ocean and nautical directions, the applying of the enemy, creating conditions for the prevention of hostilities on possible more early stage and the conclusions of the world on the conditions that meet the interests of the Russian Federation. In addition, the task of the Navy is to conduct peacekeeping operations by decision of the UN Security Council or in accordance with the International Allied Obligations of the Russian Federation.

To solve the priority task of the Armed Forces and Navy - preventing the unleashing of the war in the Navy, there are marine strategic nuclear forces and general purposes. In the event of aggression, they must reflect the strikes of the enemy, to defeat the impact groups of his fleet and prevent them from large-scale maritime operations, as well as in cooperation with other types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, ensure the creation of the necessary conditions for effective conduct defensive operations at the continental theaters of hostilities.

Navy (Navy)

underwater
openers
naval aviation
marine infantry and coastal defense troops.
- ships and courts
- parts of special purpose
- parts and units of the rear.

The main shock power of the Navy is atomic submarines armed with ballistic and cable missiles with nuclear charges. These ships are constantly in various parts of the oceans, ready to immediately apply their strategic weapons.

Underwater atomsArmed with welked ship-ship rockets, are aimed mainly to fight large surface vehicles of the enemy.

Torpedo nuclear submarines Used to disrupt the underwater and surface communications of the enemy and in the defense system from the underwater threat, as well as for the escorting of rocket submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (rocket and torpedo) is mainly due to the solution of typical problems for them in limited areas of the sea.

Equipment of submarines with nuclear energy and rocket-nuclear weapons, powerful hydroacoustic complexes and high-precision navigation arms, along with a complex automation of control processes and the creation of optimal conditions of the crew, their tactical properties and forms have significantly expanded combat application. Superwater forces in modern conditions remain the most important part of the Navy. The creation of vehicles - carriers of aircraft and helicopters, as well as the transition of a number of classes of ships, like submarines, on nuclear power thank energy would increase their fighting opportunities. Equipment of ships with helicopters and aircraft significantly expands their ability to detect and affect the enemy submarines. Helicopters create the opportunity to successfully solve the problems of relaying and communications, targeting, transferring goods to the sea, landing the landing on the coast and the salvation of personnel.

Superwater ships They are the main forces to ensure the exit and deployment of submarines in the fighting areas and return to the database, transportation and cover of the assaults. They are given away the main role In the formulation of mine-workers, in the fight against the mine danger and the protection of its communications.

The traditional task of surface ships is to strike, but the objects of the enemy on its territory and covering their coast from the sea from the naval forces of the enemy.

Thus, a complex of responsible combat missions is assigned to surface ships. These tasks they solve groups, compounds, associations both independently and in cooperation with other types of fleet forces (submarines, aviation, marine infantry).

Sea aviation - genus forces of the Navy. It consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal.

Strategic and tactical aviation Designed for confrontation with groupings of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transport, as well as to apply bomb and rocket strikes on the coastal objects of the enemy.

Deck aviation It is the main shock force of aircraft carriers of the Navy. Its main combat challenges in the armed struggle for Mors are the destruction of the opponent's aviation in the air, the starting positions of zenith managed rockets and other means of anti-heart defense of the enemy, the maintenance of tactical intelligence, etc. When performing combat missions, deck aviation actively interacts with tactical.

Sea aviation helicopters are effective tool Cauldiction rocket arms The ship during the destruction of submarines and the reflection of the attacks of low-fat airplanes and anti-religious opponent missiles. Bearing air-surface and other weapons on itself, they are a powerful means of fire support for the landing of marines and the defeat of rocket and artillery enemy boats.

Marines - a genus of the Navy forces, designed to conduct hostilities in the composition of marine assaults (independently or jointly with ground troops), as well as for the defense of the coast (naval databases, ports).

The fighting of the marines is carried out, as a rule, with the support of aviation and artillery fire of ships. In turn, the maritime infantry uses in hostilities all types of weapons characteristic of motorized rifle troops, while applying the tactics of landing tactics specific to it.

Coastal defense troopsas a genus of the Navy forces, are intended to protect the items of the Basement of the Navy forces, ports, important sections of the coast, islands, straits and narrowness from the attack of ships and marine assaults of the enemy. The basis of their weapons is the coastal rocket complexes and artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, minerals and torpedo weapons, as well as special coastal defense ships (water protection). To ensure defense forces forces on the coast, coastal fortifications are created.

Parts and units of the rear Designed for the rear provision and hostilities of the Navy. They ensure the satisfaction of the material, transport, household and other needs of the joints and associations of the Navy in order to maintain them in combat readiness for the fulfillment of the tasks.

The Navy of the Russian Federation (USSR), as an independent type of armed forces, was developing from late 17 to the beginning of the 20th century.

The creation of a regular military fleet in Russia is a historical pattern. It was due to the urgent need of the country in overcoming territorial, political and cultural isolation, which became at the turn of 17-18 centuries. The main obstacle to the economic and social development of the Russian state.

The first constant grouping of forces is the Azov fleet - was formed from ships and vessels built in the winter of 1695-1696. And it was intended to facilitate the army in the campaign for mastering the Turkish fortress of Azov. On October 30, 1696, the Boyarskaya Duma on the representation of the Tsar Peter I adopted a resolution of "maritime courts to be ...", which was the first flote law and recognition of the official date of its foundation.

During the Northern War, 1700-1721. The main tasks of the fleet were determined, the list of which remains almost unchanged to the present, namely: the struggle against the naval forces of the enemy, the struggle against maritime communications, the defense of their coast from the seabed, the promotion of the army in the seaside directions, deposits and ensuring the invasion of the territory enemy from the seabed. The proportion of these tasks changed as the material means and the nature of the armed struggle on the sea. Accordingly, this was changed by the role and place of individual generics of forces that were part of the fleet.

So, before the First World War, the main tasks were solved by the surface ships, and they were the main genus of the fleet forces. In the period of the Second World War, this role has passed for some time to marine aviation, and in the post-war period with the advent of rocket-nuclear weapons and ships with nuclear power plants - submarines were established as the main sort of forces.

Before World War I, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (marine infantry and coastal artillery) have existed since the beginning of the 18th century, however, in organizational terms, the fleet was not included. On March 19, 1906, they became born and began to develop as a new body of the Navy underwater forces.

In 1914, the first parts of the sea aviation were formed, which in 1916 also acquired signs of independent kind of strength. Aviation Day Navy is celebrated on July 17 in honor of the first victory of Russian sea pilots in air battle over Baltic Sea In 1916, the Navy as an integral strategic association was formed by the mid-1930s, when the sea aviation, coastal defense and part of the air defense part were included in the Navy.

The modern system of control bodies of the Navy finally developed the day before Patriotic War. On January 15, 1938, the National Commissariat of the Navy was created by the decision of the CEC and SNK, which included the main marine headquarters. During the period of the establishment of the regular fleet of Russia, its organizational and staff structure and functions were fuzzy. On December 22, 1717, by the decree of Peter 1, admiralty college was formed for the daily control of the fleet. On September 20, 1802, the Ministry of Naval Forces was formed, subsequently renamed the maritime ministry and existed before 1917. The organs of combat (operational) management forces of the Navy appeared after the Russian-Japanese war with the creation of April 7, 1906. Maritime General At the head of the Russian fleet there were such famous fleets like Peter 1, P.V. Chichagov, I.K. Grigorovich, N.G. Kuznetsov, S.G. Gorshkov.

The permanent groups of forces on the marine theaters were consumed as the Russian state decided by the historical tasks related to the acquisition of exits in the world ocean, the inclusion of the country into the world economy and policies. In Baltik, the fleet constantly existed from May 18, 1703, the Caspian flotilla from November 15, 1722, and the fleet on the Black Sea from May 13, 1783 in the north and Pacific Ocean The groupings of the fleet forces were created, as a rule, on a temporary basis or, without obtaining significant development, periodically abolished. The current Pacific and Northern Flotes as permanent groups exist, respectively, from April 21, 1932 and June 1, 1933.

The greatest development of the fleet was received by the mid-80s. At this time, its composition had 4 fleets and the Caspian flotilla, which included more than 100 divisions and teams of surface ships, submarines, marine aviation and coastal defense.

Throughout its glorious history, the Russian and Soviet warships could be seen on all the latitudes of the seas and oceans not only with military goals, but also opened new lands that penetrate into polar ice for scientific research. Studying and description by military sailors Northern shores of Siberia, Kamchatka, Alaska, Aleutian and Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, the Sea of \u200b\u200bSea, around the trucks, the opening of Antarctica had world importance. Russia glorified such famous navigaters as M.P. Lazarev, F. P. Bellinghausen, G.I.nevela and others.

The role of the fleet in the history of Russia has always been beyond the scope of their pure military tasks. The presence of a fleet contributed to our country of an active foreign policy. He more than once became a deterrent for the enemy of our state in the event of a threat of war.

Great was the role of the fleet in the formation of a national self-consciousness. Victory at Ganghet, Grengam, Eselle, Cesma Fidonisi, Kaliacria, Navarina, Sinop became the subject of national pride. Our people hurt the memory of outstanding Flotovodsev F.F. Shushakova, D.N. Senavin, M.P. Lazareva, V.N. Kornilova, P.S.Nakhimova, N.G. Kuznetsova.

Russia by geographical positionThe aggregate of economic, political and military interests in the World Ocean is the Great Sea Power. This is an objective reality with which the Russians and the world community will have to be considered in the future century.

Structure of the Navy

The Navy (Navy) is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear powers and general purposes. Strategic nuclear powers have a large rocket and nuclear power, high mobility and ability to operate in various parts of the oceans for a long time.

The Navy consists of the following genes of forces: underwater, surface, marine aviation, marine infantry and coastal defense troops. It also includes ships and vessels, part of special purpose, parts and rear unit.

Underwater forces - the shock force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the ocean, is secretive and quickly deployed in the right directions and apply unexpected powerful blows from the depths of the ocean on sea and continental purposes. Depending on the main weapons, submarines are divided into rocket and torpedo, and according to the type of energy installation on atomic and diesel-electric.

Submarine atoms, armed with welg-ship-ship rockets, are aimed mainly to fight with major opponent's superwater ships.

Torened nuclear submarines are used to disrupt the underwater and surface communications of the enemy and in the defense system from the underwater threat, as well as for the escorting of rocket submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (rocket and torpedo) is mainly due to the solution of typical problems for them in limited areas of the sea.

Equipment of submarines with nuclear power and rocket-nuclear weapons, powerful hydroacoustic complexes and high-precision navigation armaments, along with the complex automation of the management processes and the creation of optimal conditions of the crew, significantly expanded their tactical properties and forms of combat use. The valve forces in modern conditions remain the most important part of the Navy. The creation of vehicles - carriers of aircraft and helicopters, as well as the transition of a number of classes of ships, like submarines, on nuclear power thank energy would increase their fighting opportunities. Equipment of ships with helicopters and aircraft significantly expands their ability to detect and affect the enemy submarines. Helicopters create the opportunity to successfully solve the problems of relaying and communications, targeting, transferring goods to the sea, landing the landing on the coast and the salvation of personnel.

Superwater ships are the main forces to ensure the exit and deployment of submarines to the fighting areas and return to the base, transportation and cover of landings. They are given the main role in the formulation of mine-barrage, in the fight against the mine danger and the protection of their communications.

The traditional task of the surface ships is to apply strikes on the objects of the enemy on its territory and covering their coast from the sea from the naval forces of the enemy.

Sea aviation - a genus of the forces of the Navy. It consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal.

Strategic and tactical aviation is designed for confrontation with groupings of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transports, as well as to apply bombing and rocket strikes on the coastal enemy objects.

The deck aviation is the main shock force of the Navy airmail connections. Its main combat tasks in the armed struggle to the sea are the destruction of opponent's aviation in the air, the starting positions of anti-aircraft controlled missiles and other anti-airflow defense, tactical intelligence, etc. When performing combat missions, the deck aviation is actively interacting with tactical.

The helicopters of marine aviation are an effective means of targeting the rocket weapons of the ship during the destruction of submarines and the reflection of attacks of low-fat airplanes and anti-workers opponent missiles. I carry the air-surface rockets and other weapons, they are a powerful means of fire support for the landing of marines and the defeat of rocket and artillery boats of the enemy.

Marine infection - a genus of the Navy forces, designed to conduct hostilities as part of marine assaults (independently or jointly with ground troops), as well as for the coastal defense (naval databases, ports).

The coastal defense troops, as a genus of the Navy forces, are intended to protect the items of the Basivation of Navy forces, ports, important sections of the coast, islands, straits and narrowness from the attack of ships and marine assaults of the enemy. The basis of their weapons is the coastal rocket complexes and artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, minerals and torpedo weapons, as well as special coastal defense ships (water protection). To ensure defense forces forces on the coast, coastal fortifications are created.

Parts and subdivisions of the rear are designed for the rear provision of forces and hostilities of the Navy. They ensure the satisfaction of the material, transport, household and other needs of the joints and associations of the Navy in order to maintain them in combat readiness for the fulfillment of the tasks.

At all times the war was one of the main spheres human activity. Of course, its consequences have always been extremely negative, nevertheless, in a social environment, it enjoyed quite very popular. This is due to the fact that through war, it is possible to obtain land, power, resources, etc. In addition, with the help of military operations, many international political conflicts have been solved. Thus, the armed struggle is an important part of social activities.

Throughout the history, society upgraded its capabilities in the field of martial art. This led to the emergence of standard rules for building troops that are used to this day. According to one of them, all the armed forces of any state are divided into three components: marine, land and air. In this article, the author would like to talk about who today occupies a weighty place in the world ranking of such troops.

What is the navy?

Today in the Russian Federation exists a large number of military formations that have different tasks and functions in their essence. From here there is a completely logical question: what is the fleet of marine? In essence, this is an integral part of the naval forces of any state, in our case of the Russian Federation. This component is divided into two main elements: surface and underwater. It should be noted that a large number of traditions and the peculiarities of this formation are largely due to the development of marine relations and territorial characteristics of the country. The Russian Federation in this regard has a rather long history of the formation of marine military formations, which will be indicated below.

Fleet of the Russian Empire

The Russian imperial fleet existed in the period from 1721 to 1917. During this time, the formation participated in many marine battles. In addition, the imperial fleet was distinguished by a high level of combat training and efficiency in water warfare.

The first representatives of the formation were vessels built to conduct hostilities within the Northern War. The main databases of the Imperial Fleet at this time were Kronstadt, Revel, Abo and Helsingfors. Already by the beginning of 1745, the forces of his imperial majesty at sea consisted of 130 sailing ships, 36 linear, as well as 9 frigates and other types of vessels. Sea fleet Russian Empire He lived in a special charter.

In the history of the imperial fleet there are many well-known personalities, such as Admiral Nakhimov. This person distinguished himself with the heroism and competent construction of tactical defense during the siege of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. To date, Admiral Nakhimov is a unwashed symbol of the Russian fleet.

It should also be noted that the formation was used in the Crimean and Russian-Japanese wars. In addition, the final stage of the development of the Sea Imperial Fleet was its participation in the First World War.

Military formations Soviet UnionBased on the sea existed from 1918 to 1992. The main task of the USSR fleet was the protection of the boundaries of the state from external aggression. The formation included submarines, marine aviation, surface ships, rocket-artillery troops, as well as maritime infantry. The command was made from the Navy headquarters located in Moscow. During its existence, the fleet participated in the most large-scale military conflict - World War II.

At the end of the 80s, the following amounts of equipment were as part of the formation: 160 surface ships, 113 submarines, 83 rocket mines, as well as about 12 thousand personnel of marines. Peak of their development fleet sea USSR He had 1985. At that time, he ranked second in the number of vessels after the United States of America.

Fleet tasks at the present stage

The modern sea fleet of the Russian Federation is one of the main elements of the Armed Forces of the state. In accordance with this, it fulfills its fulfillment of a number of specific tasks in its essence:

Comprehensive deterrence of any application military force on the sea;

Constant protection of state borders, as well as the sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the areas of the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf;

Ensuring security in the implementation of the activities of the Morchean nature on the territory of the World Ocean;

Providing and widespread maintaining the military presence of the Russian Federation on the territory of the World Ocean;

Participation in peacekeeping, as well as military missions, if they meet the interests of the Russian Federation;

As we see the fleet sea Russia It has a rather extensive range of basic tasks that must be implemented everywhere.

Structure of the Navy of the Russian Federation

The Navy of the Russian Federation has its own structure that ensures the effectiveness of the application of this formation in the conditions of military operations on water. But it should be noted that in its composition Navy has a large number of units, which, in turn, are endowed with several sufficiently specific functions. Consists of the following elements:

1. Superwater forces, which include divisions that use surface tools, that is, ships.

2. Underwater forces.

3. The third element is marine aviation, which, in turn, is divided into smaller structural units.

4. Coastal troops belonging to the sea fleet.

At the same time, as mentioned earlier, each of the presented components performs its own functional tasks to ensure the effectiveness of the application of the Navy as a whole.

Objectives of using surface and underwater forces

As you understand, the main forces of the Navy of Russia are surface and underwater units. It is they who implement the main tasks of this part of the armed forces. But in the structure of the Navy Fleet of the Russian Federation, surface and underwater units implement a number of their specific functions. For example, the first type of formation is used as a rule:

To cover the landing landing, as well as its transfer to the point of disembarkation and evacuation;

Protection of the territorial borders of the state;

Establishing barriers from min;

Ensuring the activities of underwater units.

The second, no less important division in the composition of the Navy of the Russian Federation, is underwater formations. Them the main task is intelligence sea depths in peaceful time, as well as damage to water and terrestrial purposes in the military. It is worth noting that atomic submarines are the key technique in the composition of underwater units. They are armed with quite serious weapons, namely, ballistic and winged rockets.

Sea aviation

For many people, the existence of aviation sea character It is an incomprehensible factor. Many confuse this component with a separate native troops, which is an error. It is worth noting that the army is included in the armed forces, the sea fleet and at the same time the uniform units in the structure of the Navy have nothing to do with the latest element of the Russian Armed Forces. Sea aviation has a range of its own functional tasks, for example:

Opposition to the aerial forces of the enemy;

Implementation of blows on the objects of the coastal base of the enemy;

Reflection of aviation strikes.

Thus, sea aviation is a special division created for the implementation of functions within the framework of the activities of the Navy.

Features of marine infantry

The history of the marine fleet at all times was inextricably linked with the development of units of marines. The formation refers to the structure of the coastal troops. In fact, such units are designed specifically for the actions of combat nature through marine landing. The casing of the marines were known during the reign of Peter the first. In those distant times, the number of this unit was about 20 thousand people of personnel.

To date, this figure is at the mark of 8 thousand people who are distributed in four main brigades. The main task of Morpekh is landing activities, that is, short-term landings for the implementation of individual tasks, as well as the protection of coastal tactical objects and surface vehicles.

The main groups of the Navy

Fleet can be seen not throughout the state. Forces and means of this element of the armed forces are distributed in accordance with the tactical necessity. Simply put, the main groups are located in those places where the Russian Federation is washed with water. Based on this important factor, the entire Russian Federation is divided into the following individual groups:

1. The Northern Fleet is based on the White Sea military base in Severodvinsk. His main task is to protect the territorial interests of the Russian Federation in the same part of the world.

2. The Pacific Fleet is based mostly in the East of Russia, in such cities as Vladivostok, Danube, Soviet harbor.

3. The Baltic group is located near the cultural capital of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg. Place of Base is no less significant historical monument. In this case we are talking About Kronstadt.

4. The Caspian Fleet is based in Astrakhan and Caspian.

5. As for the Black Sea group, it is based in the area of \u200b\u200bthe same sea. The fleet is located on the territory of the Sevastopol once owned by Ukraine. It should be noted that this group of Navy has a rather important tactical value. Its main goal is to protect the interests of Russia in the regions of black and Mediterranean Seas.. The commander of the Black Sea Fleet today - Admiral Alexander Viktorovich Vitko.

Emblem and Flag of the Navy RF

The symbolism of the Russian Navy raises a lot of issues and disputes worldwide. It should be noted that the main designation of the fleet today is its flag. It depicts the Kosya Andreevsky Cross. Few people know that almost identical symbol is the flag of Scotland. The banner of the sea fleet was the symbol in 2001.

The Emblem of the Russian Navy also has a special symbolic subtext. It is a golden coat of arms, on the back background of which the anchors are crossed. This emblem of the Navy of Russia is generally recognized and used in all groups of the relevant kind of troops.

Conclusion

So, in the article, we tried to consider all aspects and the characteristic features of the Navy of the Russian Federation. To date, this part of the Armed Forces is one of the most powerful in the world, which speaks of a high level. military power RF as a whole.

The Russian fleet is the subject of pride of our country and the envy of all other powers. HISTORY OF HIS DEVELOPMENT, interesting Facts And what place he takes today.

Stages of the history of the Russian fleet

The Day of the Navy does not have an accurate date and is celebrated traditionally in the last July Resurrection. All his history can be divided into several large stages:

Since the time of ancient Russia until the Board of Peter I.
Soviet fleet.
Present.

The role of the Russian navy in the state

The Russian Navy is the appearance of the Armed Forces of the state, designed to protect government interests in the marine and ocean territories, protect Russia's independence beyond the boundaries of the ground forces.

The Russian fleet replaced the Soviet naval forces, the basis of which was the Russian imperial fleet. In its composition and number, the Russian fleet is inferior only to the American and Soviet. Many ships that make up the Russian sea fleet today were built during the Soviet Union and outdated morally and physically. The last few years is the active construction of ships and replenishment of pennants. The state has developed an arms program, according to which, more than 4 trillion rubles will be allocated for the development of the fleet to 2020.

Andreevsky flag

The Andreev flag is a symbol of the Russian military fleet, he appeared during the reign of Peter the Great. The world's first flag with the image of the Andreevsky Cross appeared in Scotland. At the oblique cross was andrey was crucified. The legend states that the King Angus II, who headed the troops of the Pictites and Scott, in front of the battle with the Angles asked God to give him a victory. He swore that if she won, Andrei Chamatland's champed by the patron saint of Scotland would announce. In the morning, the clouds agreed in the form of a cross, on which the apostle was crucified.

Inspired by the sign of the warriors believed in the blessing and defeated the angles. Abnus II fulfilled his vow and appointed Andrey by the patron of Scotland. White oblique cross on a blue background, as a memory of the battle, began to symbolize the country. Later, this cross became part of the flag of the United Kingdom and was preserved on it to our time.

In December 1699, Peter approved a blue cross as a symbol of the Russian fleet against the background of the white canvas. The appearance of the flag was approved only twenty years later.

Georgievsky Admiral flag

Andreevsky flag symbolized the Russian fleet until 1917 and was the only symbol. After the revolution in 1919, he was complemented by the Gergievsky flag: a red shield was placed in the center of Andreevsek, on which the Saint Georgy Victorious was depicted. This symbol was handed to ships whose crews showed military valor and courage, protecting the honor of the country or flag.

Initially, the symbol of the Russian fleet was huge sizes, reaching up to 4 meters in length. Such sizes created a terrible roar, and this property was used as a psychological attack.

The most sad moment in the history of the flag is to use it by General Vlasov, who fought on the side of Germany.

In 1992, it was decided to return the Andreev flag as a symbol of the state of the state and replace them with Soviet symbolism. The only ship that today does not raise this symbol is the C-56 boat. She carries the status of a military memorial. In memory of the exploits of Soviet sailors, the Soviet flag rises on her daily and descends.

Objectives and objectives of the navy

The fleet affects the political situation of the countries only by its existence. For a long time The borders of the British Empire were outlined by the sides of the ships. Today, the world ocean is the main source of huge resources and the main transport artery. The country is at the disposal of the combat ships, it can become a source of armed forces at any point.

War ships can affect the communications of the enemy country, cutting it off from the supply of raw materials and food. Sailors can not only apply shocks on marine and air forces. Stories are known a lot of examples when they became part of the ground forces and participated in battles.

So, during the time of the Great Patriotic War, the Black Sea Fleet sailors were organized by the details of the defense of Sevastopol and Odessa, and their commanders stood at the head of these detachments. Sea military forces assisted the troops on land and participated in the breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad and its removal.

Among the main tasks that the Russian military fleet performs, you can allocate:

Demonstration of military power and flag.
The protection of the coastal territory and maritime communications.
Humanitarian missions.
The transfer and supply of troops.
Ensuring the national interests of Russia.
Peacekeeping actions.
Fight against piracy.
Anti-missile defense.
Martial duty.

Peaceful Tasks of the Navy

The Russian sea fleet in peacetime performs the following functions:

Holding forces and military threats against the Russian Federation.
Protection of the independence of the country and its interests outside of land areas inside seawater and territorial sea, sovereignty in economic zone and continental shelf.
Creating a safe setting for economic activity On the territory of the sea and the world's ocean.
Protection, protection of Russia's borders, control over the use of airspace.
Promoting the internal affairs of Russia in the resolution of internal conflicts with the use of weapons, ensuring the safety of citizens and the establishment of a state of emergency.
Facilitating the Emergencies Ministry to eliminate the consequences natural Disasters, accidents and other tasks.

Structure

The Russian fleet has the following structure:

Superwater forces.
Aviation.
Marines.
Underwater forces.
Coast security.
Special Forces.
Rear troops.

Superwater forces

Superwater forces - the basis of the exit and deployment of ships into the combat zone. Carries out the transportation and cover of the landing, provides a return to the database. The most important part of the modern navy. Equipped with helicopters and aircraft, the ships of the Russian fleet have a greater striking ability. Helicopters provide the possibility of communication and transfer of goods to the sea, carrying out rescue operations of personnel.

Underwater power

Impact power of the Russian fleet. The hidden control of the world's ocean is carried out, powerful blows from its depths are applied. Submarines are divided into rocket and torpedo. Nuclear submarines that are equipped with ballistic type missiles and cruise missiles - the main shock force of the Navy.

Sea aviation troops

Sea aviation includes:

Strategic and tactical - to resist surface ships.
Deck, the main task of which is to eliminate the enemy aircraft in the air and conducting intelligence.

Marines

The power of the navy for combat operations, including jointly with the ground forces in the marine assaults and for the protection of coastal territory.

Coast guard troops

The main goal is to protect the items of the basing of naval forces, ports, islands from the attack of the enemy. The basis of weapons - artilery and combat missile systems, special combat ships, designed to ensure defense for the coast forces.

(Navy) today is one of the types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Its main purpose is the armed protection of the interests of the country, conducting hostilities on marine and oceanic expanses.

Historically, the territory of the Russian state comes into contact with several seas and oceans. It inevitably forced in the past and forces today to pay close attention to the development of the State Fleet, in whose tasks include the creation of conditions for the safety of shipping in the coastal seas and in the open spaces of the oceans, the interaction of Russian fleets with marine compounds and ships foreign states As part of joint operations and military exercises, in the interests of our country beyond its maritime borders.

Flagship of the Navy RF

The Navy of the Russian Federation currently undergoes the stage of intensive rearmament to increase its power, efficiency, secureness of the delivery of means of defeating the probability enemy objects, containing the aggressive aspirations of NATO countries led by the United States at the oceans and seas.

Military Navy Day

This year celebration Day of the Navy will be held in the 80th time.

On July 24, 1939, for the first time at the insistence of the Soviet Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich, Kuznetsova, Soviet Union, celebrated their professional holiday established by the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the country.

The fleet attracted young forces into its ranks; The holiday promoted the historical maritime traditions of the state; awakened interest in the service on warships and new submarines; In parts of the coastal defense and fleet aviation.

In modern times, the day of the Navy is celebrated in the final Sunday of July. Almost the whole country loves sailors, they are proud to noted their worthy contribution to ensuring the safety of our frontiers. On this summer holiday, the ranks of officers and sailors are assigned, present awards and declare encouragement for success in the development of non-good sea specialties.

Structure and composition of the navy

In regular modern structure Our fleet included:

compounds of surface ships;
underwater ships;
aviation units on the shore and deck aviation;
part of the marines;
coastal defense complexes;
special divisions;
rear divisions and bases;
hydrographic service.

The navy consists of four fleets and one flotilla:

Northern Fleet
Baltic Fleet
Pacific fleet
Black Sea Fleet
Caspian Flotilla

The command of the country's navy is carried out in several strategic directions:

west - as part of ZVO Baltic Fleet (headquarters in Kaliningrad);
north - Northern Fleet (Severomorsk);
south - as part of the Chernomorsk Fleet (Sevastopol) and the Caspian Flotilla (Astrakhan);
east - as part of the VVO Pacific Fleet (Vladivostok).
Part Navy Pass ships and vessels, part of the special purpose, parts and units of the rear.

A little from the history: No one else like Peter I became the founder of the Russian fleet. Interested by ships, he created a small semblance of shipyard. He was called "a funny fleet."

Soon Peter I found the construction of the marine fleet. In the next time, development continued in the White Sea. He had an idea that with the help of the fleet it would be easier to seize new territories, which actually happened in the future. But at some time, the blockade of Azov Fleet Peter I suffered a defeat. And only in 1695 new were built best ships and trial. It is these events and become a foundation for building a regular Navy.

The Navy is used:

For transportation and protection of the marine assault
For installation of mines and destroy min enemy
To provide free exit, expanding and arriving underwater forces
To protect communications (marine)

Navy underwater forces Used for sudden drawing of powerful blows on intelligence and maritime purposes. The basis of the underwater forces are atomic submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Sea aviation The Navy is used for:

Reflections of air attacks
Signs of ships for the destruction of enemy submarines
To apply a significant damage to enemy coastal targets
Sea fight with enemy ships

Coastal troops The Navy is used:

for the defense of coastal facilities, ports (ensuring the protection of the coast)
to conduct hostilities with the help of air, air-marine and sea assault

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy

From 2016 by the Navy Power Commander admiral Korolev Vladimir Ivanovich.

For a long time, he served on the submarines of the Northern Fleet, passed a lot of team steps and he studied at the Academy, commanded the Northern Fleet and took an active part in the development of the Arctic region to army compounds. The only admiral-submariner admiral in the history of the Russian fleet.

Textbooks Navy

The Educational Center of the Navy in St. Petersburg is located in several territories in the cities of Lomonosov and Kronstadt, as well as on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg - V / h 56529-2

Currency accommodation, a common dining room and a bath, training buildings, plants and sports facilities constitute a strict infrastructure of the training center.

The training program for sailors and specialists for coastal defense is the same and designed for the period up to 4 months. The course of the young fighter, physical, borrowing, special and rescue training - the main directions of training.

At the end, the cadets are examined and decreasing in marine parts.

As part of the United Educational Center for Navy in Severodvinsk, the Fleet specialists are trained 56529-3. Main Direction Training - Ship Motor Installations. The period of preparation of sailors - 5 months. (The first month of the Promotional, Building and Physical Preparation, the adoption of the oath). Sailor specialties - electrician, driver-dieselist, turbist.

Accommodation in the barracks, a common dining room and a bath, training classes and workshops. At the end of learning - exams, distribution to the ships of all fleets of Russia.

In Vladivostok, conducts intensive training in many maritime specialties. the educational center (V / h 56529-4), which noted in 2018. The 80th anniversary.

Cadet training is carried out by experienced teachers in 40 specialties, most of which are in demand on the submarines of the fleet. The annual trap turnover is up to 2 thousand people. Besides general training Cadets teach survival in various extreme conditions arising in closed compartments of warships.

Accommodation and conditions do not differ from the centers described earlier, but the training base is specialized and equipped modern technician and simulators.

Flag of navy

Other name - Andreevsky flag Historically appeared by the decree of Peter I in 1699 on the shipped ships of the young fleet of Russia. It existed on the fleet until 1918. It was introduced again on the ships of the country in 1992. According to legend, the cross belonged to Andrei the First Called, who visited Russia and is considered its maritime patron.

Ships Navy

In terms of purpose, the ships of the Navy perform various tasks:

the heavy atomic cruisers ensure the cover of marine groups, the convoy and coastal troops from the blows of aviation and the winged missiles, opposition to the sea forces and the enemy landing;
the destroyers support the landings, suppressing goals on the shore, on water and in the air; participate in patrols;
anti-submarine ships lead and destroy the enemy submarines, they carry out anti-herineal and anti-heart defense fleet forces;
corvetts provide combat preservation of the convoy and fleet forces on raids;
mine Trawers Install and Hrapping mine barriers and participate in the defense of coastal areas from the landing;
the landing ships deliver military equipment and landing ash;
strategic submarines carry out strikes through the territory of the enemy using ballistic missiles;
multipurpose submarines cover strategic, produce exploration areas of the start, counteract the enemy submarines and surface forces, cause blows with cruise missiles for various purposes;
specialized submarines participate in sabotage and intelligence operations, design tests and scientific research.

A quick look at the presented table of ships Navy shows a wide variety of projects and types, which leads to the process of exploitation to significant costs during repair and modernization due to the weak unification of nodes, aggregates and weapons.

Another difficulty is the preparation of ship specialists to provide existing sologenic ships in the fleet, many of which were built in Soviet years and are currently outdated and need to be upgraded or write-off.

Form of Navy

The casual form of SMF sailors on ships includes:

blue shirt with a sailor collar;
blue pants with a belt;
vest;
boots (half-boots);
correction (pilot).

The sailors of the coastal divisions are a pancarmetic shape of clothing.

IN casual form Michmanov and fleet officers include:

cream shirt;
tie (black);
pants (black) with a waist belt;
pOOTER (black);
cap on the color of the outerwear;
cough (white) and gloves (black);
boots.

Wearing a blanket, caps, sweaters, raincoat, coat or jackets.

Women on a fleet dress:

cream blouses;
black ties;
skirts (black) with a waist belt;
pilots;
shoes (boots);
bodily color tights;
jackets;
in winter - Berets or Hats-Ushanki,
sweater
coat,
boots
kushna and gloves.

Kortk Navy

Cortiks are Michmans and Navy officers on the belt itary with participation in the parade events. History sea cortica It begins with the XVI century, when it was used to directly appoint as cold weapons in the near battle.

Nowadays, the officers are awarded at the issuance of the School together with the diploma and obtaining the first title. Symbolizes historical communication with generations of legendary Russian sailors, won many victories in battles at sea.

Parade Navy in St. Petersburg

A colorful solemn parade in honor of the Navy Day of Russia took place on July 29, 2018 in St. Petersburg.

40 modern ships And boats represented 4 fleets of the country and the Caspian flotilla (artillery-class boats with historical flags of defenders of the country of the country during the Great Patriotic War).

After the volley of the Petropavlovsk fortress, the boat with the host parade Supreme Commander V.V. Putin, Minister of Defense by General Army S.K. Shoigu and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral V.I. Korolev, passed along the building of the ships. Personal composition congratulated with the holiday, V.V. Putin pronounced.

The ships on the Neva demonstrated the coherence of the follow-up in the Kilvater, the festive sailors of the sailors on the decks. Military ships of the ocean type (rocket cruiser and an atomic submarine rocket cruiser) and the latest frigates and submarines were shown in Kronstadt. In the sky in various buildings, 38 aircraft and aircraft fleet aircraft were flying:

search aircraft IL-38N;
su-30cm fighters;
multipurpose fighters Su-33;
anti-Lord Search Helicopters Ka-27m;
anti-submarine aircraft Tu-142.

According to the squares and embankments of the Northern capital, officers, Michman and Fleet sailors were held (about 4 thousand servicemen participated in the parade).
The exhibitions of weapons of coastal defense parts enjoyed the continued success in children and guests of the holiday.

The concept of the development of the Navy of Russia in modern world The Russian Federation has a defensive focus of the strategic concept of the development of the armed forces. Without planning attacks on neighbouring countriesRussia is attached commended efforts to maintain defense capability at a sufficient level.

The main probable enemy - the United States adheres to the concept of dominance on the expanses of the seas and oceans. The rate is made on large ship compounds in the composition of aircraft carriers and accompanying ships, underwater atomic boatswhich are able to apply preventive nuclear strikes through the opponent's territory by ballistic and walled rockets, suppress the air defense tools and coastal defense sites, capture port facilities and bases.

To effectively counter such compounds in our country, the latest weapons samples are created that can affect aircraft carriers and strategic submarines ( winged rockets "Zircon", "Caliber", "Onyx", high-speed deep-water torpedoes), the coastal infrastructure of the enemy (the stand-alone complex "Poseidon").

Planned modernization of ships and their re-equipment. Modern underwater rocket strategic cruisers with the newest ballistic rocketswhich are able to imperceptibly exercise to the start areas and apply response strikes on strategic objects on the territory of the enemy. Much attention A project is paid to the creation at the bottom of the specialized complexes and robotic systems that will act when critical situations occur, while in peacetime in the "sleep" mode.

Aviation Navy is replenished unmanned vehicles various destination modern helicopters (Ka-62) and airplanes (MiG-29K for ships and Su-30cm for coastal aviation).

In recent years, military infrastructure in the northern regions of our country is developing: military towns are being built in the Arctic execution, equipped with the latest technique for detection and defeat, the exercises of marines and carriages of ships in the harsh conditions of the Far North are being carried out, an icebreaking park is modernized.

Additional research is carried out in the waters of the Northern Sea Route, which is used more and more intensively both our country and other countries. Actively master deposits of minerals on the ocean shelf. Ensuring the protection of our northern frontiers and economic objects is one of the tasks of the Northern Fleet of Russia.

With the reunification of the Crimea Peninsula, the defense task of the Black Sea Fleet of the country complicated. The troubled furnishings on the borders with Ukraine and in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Black Sea, the provocative actions of NATO ships force sailors to maintain high combat capability, in a short time to learn the latest equipment and weapons of ships and coastal parts.

Sea aviation demonstrates skill and forces potential provocateurs on water to abandon their vile plans. Comprehensively work plans to create two groups led by aviance ships in the north and east, which will be able to withstand similar compounds of the likely enemy and fulfill the strategic tasks of the command.

A separate direction of preparation in the fleet is to improve the skills and methods of conducting the diving and sabotage work of special divisions of fighters-saboteurs. At their disposal currently there are specially refitted for delivery mini-submarine submarines, special equipment, weapons and ammunition, advanced training and training techniques. Taking part in specialized teachings of sabotage units, our fighters invariably occupy the first places there.

Summing up, it is necessary to emphasize that in Russia for development Navy Made commensurate efforts to re-equip the fleet and parts covering coastal and coastal zones, modern complexes and weapons capable of ensuring the tasks of the defense of the maritime bodies of the Motherland.

Service B. Navy Fleet It was, there will be difficult and honorable at all times.