Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some features and then your work will be productive (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have his own requirements for caring for him). This article is about how to grow porcini mushrooms using two methods. The first method is growing with the help of mycelium, the second - using fresh caps mushrooms.

But first, a little about the mushroom itself

White mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among edible mushrooms. He has a fleshy large hat and a thick swollen white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white because it does not darken during harvesting and cooking. With this mushroom, wonderful fragrant light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes are prepared.

All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in the mushroom picker's basket. And if he grows in his own garden, then it's even better.


Well, now about the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the country

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium

This is the first way to grow in case you do not have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow in this way, firstly, you need to purchase mycelium white fungus. Fortunately, the Internet will help in finding sellers.

In addition to mycelium, you need:

  • growing trees of deciduous or coniferous species, preferably not very old (about 8-10 years old);
  • branches, moss, fallen leaves;
  • compost.

By the way, from May to September is the best time for planting mycelium of porcini mushrooms.

Well, everything is prepared, the season is right, we begin planting.

First, let's prepare a landing site. To do this, near the tree trunk, you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel in such a way as to get an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.

Then lay either compost or soil with a high peat content 1 to 2 cm thick on the bare area, and lay pieces of ceps mycelium on top. Put mycelium in a checkerboard pattern every 25-30 cm. One package of mycelium should be enough for one tree.

After that, cover everything with that layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the landing site. Water must be poured carefully through the sprayer so as not to erode the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.

It is recommended to cover the planting area of ​​porcini mushrooms with a 20-40 cm layer of straw to keep the soil moisture at 40%. The mushroom picker should not dry out. From time to time the site will need to be watered to maintain the necessary humidity. It is recommended to add effective microorganisms to the water during irrigation (for example, Baikal EM-1). This increases the likelihood of seedlings.

To protect against frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Coverage radius is about 2m. In the spring, when there is no longer a possibility of a return of severe frosts, remove the “veil”.

The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium takes root. And so porcini mushrooms in the country will delight you for about 3-4 years. If from time to time you water the land with mycelium with water with effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest longer - sometimes even up to 7 years.

As you can see, the technology for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.

Growing white mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps

As in the first option, you need coniferous or deciduous trees 8 to 10 years old. If you don’t have these on your site, then you will have to look in a neighboring forest or forest plantation.

And now it's time to go to the forest for mushrooms, that is, for the so-called "seed material". Such material is fruit bodies porcini mushrooms and, of course, hats. Your goal is more mature mushrooms (at least 5-10 pieces) with hats 10-20 cm in diameter. When broken, the flesh should have a slight greenish tint. If the mushrooms are infected with insect larvae, it's not scary.

Now let's get down to the landing process itself.

Growing porcini mushrooms using hats is somewhat similar to growing the previous method, but there are some peculiarities. To grow in this way, we need:

  1. Prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
  2. Prepare a place for sowing;
  3. Sow mushrooms.

And now more about this.

How to prepare the "seed" of porcini mushrooms?

Place porcini mushrooms (5-10 pieces) collected for sowing in a bucket of water (preferably with rain water) and leave them to soak for a day. After insisting, mash the mushrooms with your hands right in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or cloth with rare pores. Do not discard any leftover pulp. She, too, will need to be planted. Thus, you got a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.

Preparation of a place for sowing and the “sowing” of porcini mushrooms

The place for sowing is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the sowing process is different.

With this method of planting on a bare piece of land, it is necessary to pour a filtered solution onto the roots of a tree (about 2 liters per square meter). After watering, lay the mushroom tissue on top of the roots, which remains after straining. After that, cover everything with earth that was previously removed near this tree, and pour water over it. As in the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.

Take care of the site, as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms with the help of mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and for the winter (and especially before the first winter after planting), cover the ground around the tree. Remove the covering material in the spring.

It is enough to water once a week for 4-5 buckets of water for each tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If you often have rains, then, of course, watering can be reduced.

After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.

By the way, if you "sow" mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear next autumn, then parts of the caps of porcini mushrooms have taken root. Well, if mushrooms appear after 2 years, then spores have taken root.

As with the mycelium growing method, you will harvest mushrooms for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own white mushrooms, plant them again in the same way in a few years.

What you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium to take root?

Mushrooms can take root better if you use the following guidelines (some of them will work for both growing methods).

  1. Looking for mushrooms further landing, choose mushrooms that grow near the same tree species near which you plan to plant. That is, if an oak grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms also near the oak. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect "seed" near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.
  2. After the mushrooms have been harvested, they must be soaked immediately (maximum 10 hours after harvest) and sown the next day. It is impossible to store mushrooms before soaking for longer than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You will not grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so do not even try to freeze them so that you can plant them sometime later.
  3. When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), sugar or alcohol can be added to the water. This will help the mycelium take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are placed for soaking. The amount of alcohol - 3-4 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, then it should be only granulated sugar. Rafinade cannot be used. You need 50 g of sugar per 10 liters of water.
  4. 2-3 hours before planting mushrooms, a bare area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe earth should be watered with a special solution for disinfection. But don't be afraid, that's all natural substances and your eco-garden will not suffer. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your white mushrooms.
    To disinfect the area, a solution of tannins is used. One tree needs 2-3 liters of such a solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the site only with a chilled solution.
    You can prepare a tanning solution like this:
    - black tea
    To prepare 1 liter of the finished solution, you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait until it cools down.
    - from oak bark
    For 1 liter of water, 30 g of oak bark is taken. Boil for an hour. In the process of boiling water, add water to the original volume.
  5. Planting time for mushrooms is mid-September. Later they will take root worse or not take root at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will provide her with the best wintering.
    The best time for planting porcini mushrooms is August-mid-September.

And again: keep an eye on the humidity in the zone of planted mushrooms. In hot summers, once a week, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water.

Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. You will have to work a little, but this is the king of mushrooms and it's worth it. Yes, and imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, not being afraid that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory ...

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country will provide you with a personal "forest" harvest.

Porcini - real delicacy. In the old ecological era, fish were caught in reservoirs with their hands, and mushrooms were mowed down with a scythe ... Now there is a danger that our children and grandchildren will never see the porcini mushroom with their own eyes, and the impression of its taste will remain at the level of a food additive in chips. But the age-old folk technology allows you to grow porcini mushrooms in your backyard. Only two points will be an indispensable condition for this - ardent desire and patience.

The mycelium of the porcini mushroom can be brought home and grown in a greenhouse or on suburban area.

White - Colonel to all mushrooms. Breeding is a painstaking and thoughtful process. But the result will be almost a miracle, because many still do not imagine that the cultivation of porcini mushrooms is possible in principle.

Mushrooms

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Porcini

Types of white mushrooms: (1-birch, 2-oak, 3-pine, 4-spruce)

White mushroom is a mushroom from the genus Borovik. It is named "white" in contrast to not so valuable tubular "black" mushrooms: the white pulp does not change on the cut, does not darken when dried and acquires a special appetizing smell. But on the other hand, he is also more demanding on the conditions of fruiting.

White fungus grows in mature forests with mosses and lichens, where trees are more than 50 years old, and in pine forests with pines 20-25 years old, it is found everywhere on Earth with the exception of Australia. It is one of the species that entered the Arctic zone, although it is rather whimsical to the conditions:

  • his element is warm foggy nights and short-term thunderstorms; temperature changes and heavy rainfall are not for white;
  • grows on dry soils with drainage - sandy and loamy, in a swamp and on peat bogs it is pointless to look for white;
  • if the year is fruitful, the number of porcini mushrooms does not depend on the illumination of the growing area; if the conditions are not ideal, they appear mainly in warm and open areas.

White taste is recognized as one of the most best mushrooms. His special the nutritional value It also consists in stimulating the secretion of digestive juices.

Science has described 18 species of white fungus, the first four are the most common and popular: spruce, oak, birch and pine.

The unique qualities of the white fungus make it the most desirable acquisition for the mushroom picker. Growing on an industrial scale is unprofitable, but amateur mushroom growers breed it with success.

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Cultivation of white mushrooms

The technology of growing mushrooms on a land plot is simple, but it takes time, requires perseverance and accuracy. The bottom line is that forest mushrooms are in a strong symbiosis with trees, they cannot form without a partner tree, and the presence of trees on your land for growing white mushrooms is vital. Ideally, if the site is adjacent to the forest or individual forest trees aged from 8 to 10 years (pines, oaks, birches or aspens) grow on it. If a forest trees not yet on the site, it is worth planting them.

There are two main ways to grow porcini mushrooms and a few experimental ones.

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Growing from mycelium

  1. We buy white fungus mycelium on the Internet.
  2. From May to September we prepare a site for planting. Around the tree trunk we form a bare area with a diameter of 1-1.5 m, removing 10-20 cm of the upper soil on it.
  3. On the ground in a checkerboard pattern after 25-30 cm we lay out pieces of the mycelium of porcini mushrooms (one package per tree).
  4. we will cover the mycelium with a layer of soil removed at the beginning and carefully, so as not to erode the earth, water the planting (2-3 buckets per tree).
  5. we cover the planting with straw 20-40 cm thick to maintain humidity at 40%.
  6. we maintain the necessary humidity of the mycelium, watering the planting as it dries. You can add microorganisms to the water when watering, for example, purchase Baikal EM-1 in advance.
  7. in autumn we cover the planting area of ​​porcini mushrooms with a radius of 2 meters with moss, straw, forest fallen leaves, spruce branches to protect against frost, in the spring we remove the “blanket”.

The first mushrooms will grow in autumn, a year after planting, when the mycelium takes root. And you can harvest for 3-4 years, caring for the mycelium, maintaining moisture. And if you add effective microorganisms (Baikal M-1) to the water, the fruiting period will increase to seven years.

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Growing from spores

  1. We go to the forest for mushrooms - seed material. We collect 5-10 mature mushrooms with caps of 10-20 cm. If you break such a cap, its flesh will be greenish in color. If there are larvae in them, it's okay. Try to pick mushrooms under the same trees under which you plan to plant: under a pine - for a pine, under a birch - for a birch. In order not to forget and not to confuse in the future, put the finds in different bags.
  2. We separate the caps from the legs, put 5-10 collected mature caps of porcini mushrooms in a bucket of rainwater and leave them there for a day. You need to soak the mushrooms immediately as soon as they are collected, the maximum time is 10 hours after collection: the mushrooms quickly decompose. water for soaking, you can add alcohol or sugar: alcohol - 3-4 tablespoons per 10 liters of water, granulated sugar - 15 g per 10 liters of water.
  3. A day after soaking with hands, rub the mushrooms in a bucket until smooth. Then we filter the solution through gauze or a sparse cloth, separating the water (solution with spores) and the pulp (mushroom tissue), but do not throw away either one or the other.
  4. We are preparing a site for planting: around the tree trunk we form a bare area with a diameter of 1-1.5 m, removing 10-20 cm of top soil on it.
  5. We lay peat soil or compost 1-2 cm thick on the formed place.
  6. A couple of hours before planting, water the peat with a disinfectant solution - a tincture of plants with tannic properties (2-3 liters of solution per tree). It is necessary to water only after the solution has cooled.

White mushrooms are valued for their unique aromatic and gustatory properties. This is one of the most popular types of mushrooms among gourmets of all. the globe. They contain a huge amount of nutrients, fiber and vegetable proteins. The only drawback is the seasonality of this species, because you can only see them on sale warm autumn, in the midst of the mushroom season. Of course, it is very pleasant to go in search of mushrooms in the forest or buy them from experienced mushroom pickers, but it is even more pleasant when they grow in your country house.

In this article, you will learn how in a parallel universe you can grow porcini mushrooms at home on a personal plot, but in practice such an undertaking will end an absolute failure. Let's try to figure out why.

Features and methods of growing white mushrooms

To grow a white mushroom at home, you will have to sweat pretty and uselessly. The thing is that this variety is in close symbiosis with its habitat, namely trees (spruces, oaks, pines, birches). They do not grow under the leaves, but in places with a moss cover.

Mushrooms are very demanding on the climate, and their largest harvest can be observed after a foggy night, with high humidity. The place for growing porcini mushrooms should be well lit and warm. However, to recreate such climatic conditions for home growing impossible!

Do not pay attention on found articles and videos on the Internet, this is all pure deception, just read the comments!

Requirements for the premises and conditions for growing porcini mushrooms at home: necessary equipment

As a rule, in various articles they write that you can grow porcini mushrooms on household plots by recreating them natural environment or in greenhouses (specially equipped rooms). An ordinary greenhouse that is empty after the last harvest is also suitable.

Many desperate advisers offer to grow porcini mushrooms even at home on the windowsill.

However, you should not consider the option of growing porcini mushrooms at home on windowsills or on a balcony - this is the same waste of time. We repeat once again, home conditions are absolutely not suitable for this lesson.

In some articles, you can read that an isolated basement will be an ideal option for intensive cultivation of porcini mushrooms, as it retains temperature and humidity well. But this is not enough! To grow mushrooms at home, you will need special equipment, which includes:

  1. Heating system with temperature controller. The optimum temperature for growing porcini mushrooms is 15° - 18°C. For supporting required level temperature will require a heating system.
  2. Air conditioning system. Any varieties of mushrooms, including porcini, grow exclusively in the fresh air. In a closed room, at high temperature and high humidity, the air becomes stale and saturated with carbon dioxide, which significantly slows down their development. The room must be systematically ventilated. To do this, special hoods are installed that eliminate dirty air and supply fresh air.
  3. Daylight lamps. Ceps are very photophilous, as they grow in nature in open areas. That is why their mycelium has to be highlighted. It is best to use special lamps with diffused lighting for greenhouses. They can be purchased at any major garden center.
  4. Shelving. To optimize the space in the room, special racks are installed on which containers with the substrate are placed. This allows you to fill the area more rationally and significantly increase the number of landing sites. Naturally, you can do without racks by placing containers on the floor, but with this method, containers will fit much less. As containers for growing, you can use plastic pots, plastic bottles 6 l, felt bags.

Before proceeding with the planting of mycelium, it is necessary to disinfect the premises. The floor and shelving are treated with a 0.4% sulfate solution, and the walls and ceiling are covered with a mixture of lime and blue vitriol. Additionally, the room is treated with a smoke bomb.

Note! Do not believe these tips, no equipment will help you grow porcini mushrooms at home. Another thing - or!

How to grow porcini mushrooms at home: growing technology

The equipment of the basement in the greenhouse for growing mushrooms should not hit the budget. All materials are available and easily replaceable. It is important to do everything right so that the invested funds do not go to waste, but pay off and bring income. For this, it is necessary to strictly follow the technology of growing porcini mushrooms.

Note! There is no technology for growing white mushrooms at home! Everything that is written below is fiction of storytellers!

Substrate preparation

As mentioned earlier, the difficulty of growing porcini mushrooms lies in recreating the conditions for their natural habitat, namely in fertile soil. Specialized stores sell ready-made soil for growing mushrooms, but no manufacturer will give you a guarantee of the quality of such a substrate. You can prepare a fertile, natural and high-quality mixture yourself, and most importantly, it will be completely free. To do this, you need to collect dry field grass, dry leaves of trees (birch, oak, acorn), small twigs with needles coniferous plants. It is recommended to add some dried moss to the substrate. All components must be dry, as they must be chopped in a special garden processor. White fungus grows in sandy and loamy soils. In the already crushed mixture, add a little sifted sand and dry clay in a 4: 1 ratio. The substrate for growing porcini mushrooms should be infused for about two weeks before planting in a dry and warm place.

Selection and purchase of mycelium

For ready-made substrates, purchased mycelium of various varieties is used. Plant it according to the manufacturer's instructions. If you prepared the soil yourself, then the planting material should be prepared accordingly. Already formed white mushrooms are suitable as seedlings, you can even use a spoiled mushroom, the main thing is that the hat remains intact. Next, you need to separate the caps and twist them into meat grinders or chop them very finely with a knife. Crushed caps are placed for 4 hours in a weak solution of manganese (1 gram per 10 liters) and sugar (10 cubes). Thus, you get a nutrient mixture that contains fungal spores.

Landing

The already prepared substrate must be distributed among the planting containers. The substrate is poured in an even layer of 30 - 35 centimeters, slightly pressing down on the top layer to create a more even relief. Drainage should be placed at the bottom of the container, which will give an air gap, and the fertile soil will breathe, because this is very important for mushrooms. Further, planting material is evenly distributed over the surface, which must again be covered with a substrate (about 3–4 cm from above), without pressing down. At the time of planting, the room temperature should be 27 ° and remain at this level until the first shoots.

Further care

After planting, the first shoots appear already on the 7-9th day. It is very important to maintain the correct climatic conditions, temperature, humidity and lighting. The entire period from planting to germination, the temperature is maintained at the same level. It is necessary to regularly moisten the soil and indoor air. To do this, you can use ordinary sprayers and spray the soil with them. Near heaters, it is recommended to place containers with water or hang wet towels, sheets, rags. Thus you will reach optimal humidity air. Twice a day it is necessary to ventilate the room so that there is a good supply of oxygen. Ceps are photophilous, so they will have to be illuminated with fluorescent lamps (5 to 6 hours a day). After germination, the room temperature should be lowered by 10 °, to about 16 ° - 17 °. After the first harvest, the mycelium will come out and will be above the level of fertile soil. To avoid drying out, the mycelium should be sprinkled with the substrate that remains. For a larger offspring, a fifth of ammonium nitrate is added to the substrate. The soil is evenly scattered, covering the legs of the mushrooms.

Harvesting

Already 22 - 25 days after planting, you can harvest the first crop. The fruiting period of porcini mushrooms is 40 - 45 days with a frequency of 10 -12 days. Mushrooms are recommended not to be cut with a knife, as many prefer, but to twist carefully so as not to damage the mycelium. The hole that remains after the removal of the fungus must be sprinkled, a new one will grow in that place. Subject to all the rules of cultivation, from one m² you can collect about 20 - 25 kg!


You will get such a crop of porcini mushrooms only if you go around the whole forest yourself!

Important! Do not believe such videos, but rather just read the comments below it.

Video: how to grow a lot of porcini mushrooms on your site

Having decided to engage in greenhouse cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home, you need to be prepared for various consequences and results, namely failure. White mushrooms do not grow in an artificially created environment , as opposed to the same or . That is why we strongly advise you to start growing the latter.

In contact with

Which of us sometimes does not want to taste fragrant and tasty porcini mushrooms. They turn any dish into a royal treat! But you can’t find fresh porcini mushrooms in stores during the day with fire, and they are sold on the market only in autumn. By the way, the cost of this valuable product is impressive - it is one of the most expensive "domestic" mushrooms. For these reasons, many gardeners decide to grow porcini mushrooms at home or on the site. If you want to open your own small mushroom business or just enjoy fragrant dishes at any time of the year, this article will definitely come in handy. Today we will talk about how to grow porcini mushrooms.

Growing porcini mushrooms in large volumes often does not pay off, so small "mushroom farms" are mainly owned by private gardeners. The main difficulty lies in the close interaction of porcini mushrooms and certain tree species, and such conditions are quite difficult to recreate in the factory. Another thing is your own small plot or a separate room. Ceps are "friendly" with conifers, oaks and birches. They feel great in mixed young plantings or shady spruce stands.

Not so long ago, Dutch breeders were able to develop special white mushrooms that can be grown in greenhouses, greenhouses and other premises with an artificial environment. Having bought such planting material, anyone can become a mushroom grower. However, not everyone is able to cope with the specifics of breeding white fungus. This job requires careful preparation and a lot of patience.

There are two growing technologies:

  1. Extensive - breeding in vivo(forest, plot, open air). The most economical and easiest way, but the yield is highly dependent on weather conditions.
  2. Intensive - the creation of an artificial habitat. This method requires significant financial investments, the allocation of a special room with climatic equipment. With proper care, the yield will be consistently high, and the rapid pace of mushroom ripening will allow you to return the money spent in a short time.

Preparatory work

Today, many methods of preparing planting material are practiced, but we will consider the simplest and most effective ones. According to the first method, porcini mushrooms can be propagated using mother caps.

It is necessary to plant material from hats under those tree species near which they were collected. That is, if you picked a mushroom under a pine tree, then you need to sow the spores under a pine tree (special relationship with the trees that we mentioned). Hats are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate and rain water in the ratio of 1 g of manganese per bucket of water. One bucket will fit from 10 to 15 hats up to 20 cm in diameter. If you could not get large beautiful mushrooms, you can take dried and even wormy pieces.

Helpful Hint: Add about 10 sugar cubes to the water as well to create a rich environment.

When the caps are in the solution, knead them with your hands so that the spores are evenly mixed in the water. Knead until a porridge-like homogeneous mass forms in the bucket. After that, you can leave the mess to brew for several hours.

The second way to prepare the mushroom mixture is a bit more complicated. It should be prepared about a month before the landing of the dispute. This mixture should include leaves and decayed oak wood 5%, horse manure. Lay the leaves with mushrooms and manure in a bucket in layers every 20 cm, then pour a solution of 1% ammonium nitrate and leave for a week. Then heat the contents of the bucket to 36-40C and chop everything into a homogeneous nutrient mass.

Both methods can be used to grow white fungus at home. The main thing is to keep general principles. In second place in importance after the preparation of the mycelium is the preparation of the substrate in which it will need to be planted. There are also two methods here - xerothermic (dry steam treatment) and hydrothermal (wet boiling water treatment). The main task of both options is to impregnate the substrate the maximum number moisture while maintaining breathability.

The breathability of the substrate is extremely important - without this, the mycelium will not be able to fully develop and will be constantly at risk of mold infection. The substrate may consist of straw, sunflower husks, buckwheat, dried corn stalks, etc. Hardwood sawdust is very popular, but it is best to start with straw or husks.

Important: The substrate must be dry, without mold and rot. Try not to overmoisten it, especially if you have chosen a hydrothermal processing method. If there is still too much water, leave the substrate in limbo for 2-3 days so that the glass has excess moisture.

After processing, the substrate should be crushed so that it can retain moisture like a sponge. A high-quality substrate springs from pressure, but does not release moisture - then you can safely lay mycelium in it.

As more and more amateur gardeners begin to grow mushrooms, unscrupulous sellers can play on the inexperience of their customers and give away low-quality goods.

In order not to get into a mess, follow our tips:

  1. Before buying mycelium, consult with experienced mushroom pickers and ask where you can find a trusted seller.
  2. It is best to deal with foreign suppliers and buy trial lots in small quantities.
  3. When buying, specify the variety and strain of the fungus.
  4. Find out the rate of grain growth, how resistant the fungus is to mold.
  5. Find out the retention periods.
  6. Be sure to check the temperature inside the package, because if the mycelium is overheated during delivery, then it could die. The optimum temperature is +20C.
  7. The mycelium should be a rich red color with slight yellow patches. If black or greenish spots are visible on it and an unpleasant ammonia smell emanates, then the product is damaged.
  8. After purchase, store the mycelium in the refrigerator at a temperature of no more than 3-4C (do not put in the freezer). Under such conditions, it can be kept up to 3 months, and in the form of a substrate - from 6 to 9 months.
  9. Immediately after purchase, cool the bags with mycelium, and then fold, leaving access to oxygen.
  10. It is very important to crush the chilled mycelium directly in the bag before laying it, without taking it out of there. Otherwise, the planting material may receive a temperature shock and deteriorate.
  11. Be sure to observe maximum sterility when working with spores - put on gloves, cover the surface with oilcloth, treat it with an antimicrobial agent before opening the package.

We offer you to watch a useful video about growing porcini mushrooms and all the intricacies of this process:

growing at home

First, let's look at how to breed porcini mushrooms in an artificial environment, that is, at home, in a barn or greenhouse. The whole process consists of several stages: preparation of planting material, processing of the substrate and preparation of the premises.

The substrate material must be boiled for 60-80 minutes (you can not remove it from plastic bags), then drain the water and place the substrate under oppression, where it will cool down to a temperature of 25C. If you boiled it in bags, you can not open them, but simply make a few holes for water to drain. When the substrate has cooled down, transfer it to the sterile room where the mycelium was prepared (for this, it is enough to treat the room with a 1% chlorine solution). Place the mycelium in the substrate with the ventilation system turned off (if any) so that the spores do not scatter. Doors and windows should also be closed.

Pour the substrate and mycelium onto the disinfected table and mix them. If you bought domestic planting material, it should be 3-5% of the total mass of the substrate, if imported - 1.5-2.5%. Transfer the grafted substrate into 5-15 kg bags, tamping as tightly as possible. For home growing, it is better to take smaller bags so that it is easier to regulate the temperature exchange inside. It remains only to flatten the bags on one side and make a few small holes on the sides to ensure air flow.

Helpful Hint: Punching bags is best done with a sharp chisel or knife at an angle of 45° and no longer than 5 mm.

If you do everything according to the instructions, the mushrooms will grow in dense growths with an abundance of fruiting bodies. To make the splices smaller, cut the notches in the bags with a “tick” or “cross” to a depth of a couple of millimeters.

Important: When placing bags on the incubation shelves, make sure that the ventilation holes on the sides are not blocked by a wall or adjacent bags. Air must flow freely from all sides, so keep a minimum of 5 cm between the blocks.

It is very important to maintain a constant comfortable temperature for growing porcini mushrooms up to + 25C (inside the bag, the temperature will be slightly higher - up to + 30C). If it gets hotter than +30C, the mushrooms will get a heat shock and may not germinate.

Ventilation during cultivation is very important, but the room should not be ventilated during the incubation period of the mycelium. And to prevent mold from forming due to high humidity, clean every day with a chlorine solution. After 3 weeks, the incubation period will end, the mushrooms will germinate and begin to bear fruit.

The first wave of fruiting begins in about a month, and at this time it is necessary to constantly maintain a high humidity in the room of 85-95%. By adjusting the temperature in the range from + 10C to + 20C, you can "color" mushroom caps. The hotter, the lighter the hat. Taste qualities while remaining unchanged. Lighting also affects appearance- the lighter in the incubator, the darker the mushrooms.

Useful advice: To make the mushrooms dense and not watery, carry out “dry” watering of the blocks using a spray bottle 1-2 times a day. The water temperature in this case should be from + 10C to + 25C. At this stage, you just need to ventilate the room well so that moisture does not stagnate.

2-3 weeks after the first harvest, the second wave of fruiting occurs. Before that, remove the remaining legs and sort through the mushroom bags, taking moldy out of the room (they will make an excellent organic fertilizer). With proper care, porcini mushrooms will bear fruit for up to 6 months without interruption, but if you grow them for sale, then focus on the first 2 waves.

Outdoor cultivation

If you have your own site with suitable trees(pines, birches or oaks), you can grow porcini mushrooms on the street. We described above how to prepare the planting mixture, and in order to prepare a place for planting, it is necessary to remove the earthen layer to a depth of 15 cm 1 m from the selected tree. Make sure that the roots of the tree are not damaged!

It is enough to slightly expose the roots and pour seed on them in an amount of about 350 ml per 25 cm². Fill the hole with soil, pour water (5-6 buckets under one tree), but be careful not to wash away the ground with mycelium. It is best to slowly pour water down the trunk. Spores should be planted in this way at the end of summer or at the very beginning of autumn until mid-September.

The second method is a little more complicated, but no less effective. For it, a mixture of mycelium with oak leaves and horse manure, the recipe of which is described above. Choose a shaded area and dig a small pit 30 cm deep and 1.5 m wide. Lay the mixture in it in layers of 10 cm, alternating with the ground so that you end up with a high bed (30 cm in the ground and 20 cm above the ground). It is better to make a bed in the form of a sloping mound so that the water can drain freely and not stagnate.

The planting of the mycelium should be done in a checkerboard pattern, placing it in small holes at a distance of at least 30 cm. To prepare fragments, carefully cut off a part of the soil around the mushroom with an area of ​​​​30x15 cm with a shovel, divide it into 5-10 pieces and lay it in the holes to a depth of 7 cm. After watering the garden bed, cover it with foliage.

If you prefer this method, keep in mind that the crop will appear only in next year. All summer it is necessary to water the bed once a week with 5-6 buckets of water, and by the end of August fruiting bodies will appear. The yield of mushrooms grown by this method is up to 250 kg per season. That's about one full bucket per tree.

An alternative way to plant porcini mushrooms on video:

White mushrooms: photo

The most favorite for mushroom pickers, among all types of mushrooms, is undoubtedly the white mushroom. Every mushroom season large quantity people travels to the forest in search of it. What can you say about growing white mushrooms in your summer cottage? It has long ceased to be a myth, but has become a reality. In order to grow the king of mushrooms in your summer cottage, you need to know some of the subtleties of this process, because it requires special personal care. In this article, we will consider the cultivation of white fungus in a summer cottage in two ways. The first method is growing with the help of mycelium. The second way is to use fresh mushroom caps.

Growing white mushrooms with mycelium

  • approximately 8-10 year old growing trees. Not only deciduous, but also coniferous species are suitable.
  • branches and fallen leaves;
  • moss and compost


by the most best time the period from May to September is suitable for planting porcini mycelium. Having bought and collected everything you need, we begin to prepare a place for planting mushrooms. Near the tree trunk, using a shovel, we remove the top layer of soil. The thickness of such a layer should be 10-20 centimeters. The diameter of the removed layer with the tree inside should be 1-1.5 meters. Having received a bare piece of land, lay the compost.

You can use soil, but with a high content of peat in it. The thickness of the compost layer is approximately 1-2 centimeters. On this layer lay out pieces of mycelium. We lay out these pieces in a checkerboard pattern. The distance between the pieces should be about 25-30 centimeters. Approximately one pack of white fungus mycelium is used per tree. From above, we cover all this with a previously removed layer of soil and water it. We use 2-3 buckets of water per tree. We pour water carefully, best of all through a sprayer, so as not to erode the soil.

Experts recommend covering the area where we planted the porcini mushroom with straw. The thickness of the straw layer is from 20 to 40 centimeters. Straw is laid to maintain moisture in the soil. It should be about 40 percent. To maintain the necessary soil moisture, we periodically water the landing site of the mycelium of the porcini fungus. It will not be superfluous to add microorganisms to the water (one of these is Baikal EM-1). By adding them, we increase the likelihood of mushroom shoots.

To protect future shoots from frost, we cover the finished mycelium with fallen leaves or moss, straw. The radius of our flooring should be approximately 2 meters. With the onset of spring, when the frosts leave, the flooring is removed.

We will be able to harvest the first crop of porcini mushrooms in a year, when the mycelium planted by us will take root. The mycelium planted once will delight us with porcini mushrooms for 3-4 years. If you regularly water the mycelium with water using the above microorganisms, then we can harvest up to 7 years.

Growing porcini mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps

With the second method of growing white fungus, we, as in the first case, will need trees (8-10 years old, deciduous or pine, no difference). Then we go to the forest for mushrooms (seed material). Our goal is to collect at least 5-10 mushrooms. The diameter of each hat should be from 10 to 20 centimeters. The flesh of the cap, when broken, should have a slightly greenish tint. Even if the mushrooms are somewhat infected with insect larvae, it does not matter. Now we begin to prepare our seed. harvested mushrooms in the amount of 5-10 pieces we place in a bucket of water. It is advisable to use rain water. They must lie in the water for a day.

After this time, we knead the mushrooms right in the bucket. We knead them until a homogeneous mass. Having received a kind of solution, we filter it through a fine sieve (you can use gauze, or other cloth with rare pores). By straining, we get not only a solution with spores, but also fungal tissue. We prepare the place in the same way as the first method. The difference is the sowing process itself. The solution we received pours onto the roots of a tree of a bare area. About 2 liters of solution is poured into one such area.

Next, we take the mushroom tissue and spread it on the roots, cover the landing site with previously removed soil and pour water over it. One tree needs 4-5 buckets of water. We take care of our site in the same way as when planting the mycelium of the white fungus. We water, insulate for the winter, and remove the insulation material in the spring. Watering is carried out once a week, but no more than 4-5 buckets per tree.

If you live in an area where it rains quite often, but the number of waterings can be reduced. If the mycelium has taken root, then after one or two years, we will be able to harvest our first crop of porcini mushrooms in the country. Harvest, we will be able to harvest, as when planting the mycelium of the porcini mushroom, for 3-4 years.