Kulibina Park - a park in the central part Nizhny Novgorod. Founded on the territory of the former Peter and Paul cemetery in 1940. Named in honor of the Russian self-taught mechanic Ivan Petrovich Kulibin, who was born in the Podnovye and buried in the Peter and Paul cemetery in 1818 (the grave with the monument has been preserved).

Starting a radical reorganization of Russian cities on a regular basis, the Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow in 1763 met with almost insurmountable difficulties - churchyards near parish churches. The laying of streets along them naturally aroused the indignation of the inhabitants. The order of the Senate of November 17, 1771: “so that no one is buried in the cities near the churches, but for that special cemeteries outside the city on pasture lands would be allocated” free place, put a chapel and surrounded by a fence. In 1785, in order to preserve the parish of the closed Peter and Paul Church near the Kremlin (of which they were parishioners), the merchants Neudakins built the Church of Peter and Paul (architect Ya. A. Ananin). At the Peter and Paul Cemetery (then one of the two cemeteries of the city, not counting the surviving churchyards near parish churches) in the late 18th - early 20th centuries. a significant part of the population of Nizhny Novgorod was buried, including public figures, merchants, writers. Burials continued until 1918. In 1937, the cemetery was closed, all the graves and family crypts were torn down and (according to some sources) looted, and the tombstones were broken and taken away. In 1939-1940, a park was arranged on the territory of the cemetery. The graves of IP Kulibin and Akulina Ivanovna Peshkova, the grandmother of M. Gorky, have been preserved. By the 1960s, the territory of the park was being completely landscaped: a number of park pavilions, attractions were erected, a monument to Gorky was erected, a memorial sign was erected at the supposed site of the grave of M. Gorky's grandmother. The Pioneer cinema was placed in the church of Peter and Paul, and then a disco. In 1963, the building of the Sputnik cinema was built. In the 1990s, the Peter and Paul Church was returned to believers. The monument to Lenin, which stood at the entrance to the Sputnik cinema, was also dismantled. To date, the old attractions (autodrome, swings, carousels) have been eliminated. On former places slightly rebuilt buildings of a cafe and a shooting range (now a warehouse) have been preserved. The Peter and Paul Cemetery is an object of cultural heritage of regional importance, while there is no indication in the park itself that it is a cemetery. Old trees have been preserved in the park: lindens, birches, maples, poplars, there are young plantings.

Location

Is located in Nizhny Novgorod region, from north to south it is enclosed between the streets of Maxim Gorky and Belinsky, from west to east - between Ashgabat and Osharskaya streets. The length of the park along Belinsky Street is 415 m, from Belinsky to Gorky - about 300 m. It occupies an area of ​​24 hectares.

Architecture

On the territory of the park there are: All Saints Peter and Paul Church…

Popular per person!

Kulibin Park- a park located in the historical center of Nizhny Novgorod between Belinsky and Gorky streets.

Founded in 1940 on the territory of the former Peter and Paul cemetery and named after the Russian self-taught mechanic Ivan Petrovich, whose grave is located here.

History of the Peter and Paul Cemetery and Kulibin Park

In 1775, in Nizhny Novgorod, a free place was allocated for a city cemetery not far from the city center, a chapel was erected and surrounded by a fence.

In 1785, the Church of Peter and Paul was built (architect Ya. A. Ananyin).

In the late 18th and early 20th centuries, a significant part of the population of Nizhny Novgorod, including public figures, merchants, and writers, was buried at the Peter and Paul Cemetery.

Burials continued until 1918.

In 1937, the cemetery was closed, all the graves and family crypts were torn down and looted, and the tombstones were broken and taken away.

In 1939-1940, a park was arranged on the territory of the cemetery. The Pioneer cinema was located in the church of Peter and Paul, and later a disco.

By this time, the graves of I.P. Kulibin and Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina, the grandmother of M. Gorky, were preserved on the territory of the park-cemetery.

In the 1960s, the park was being improved: park pavilions and attractions were being built, a monument to Gorky was erected, and a memorial sign was erected on the site of the grave of M. Gorky's grandmother.

In 1963, the Sputnik cinema building was built.

In the 1990s, the Peter and Paul Church was returned to believers, services began. Then the old attractions are liquidated.

Sights of Kulibin Park

On the territory of the park are:

  • All Saints Peter and Paul Church (1785),
  • Tombstone on the grave of I.P. Kulibin (1818),
  • A monument with a high relief of Kulibin next to his grave, sculptor P. I. Gusev, installed in 1985,
  • A stele with a bas-relief at the supposed site of the grave of Maxim Gorky's grandmother Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina,
  • Chapel in memory of the citizens of Nizhny Novgorod who died in the First World War (2014),
  • The building of the cinema "Sputnik",
  • Cafe.

The length of the park along Belinsky Street is 415 meters, from Belinsky to Gorky about 300 meters. Old trees have been preserved in the park: lindens, birches, maples, poplars, there are young plantings.

One of the most favorite places of many Nizhny Novgorod residents is the Kulibin Park. This is no coincidence - after all, here you can leisurely stroll along the paths, sit in the shade of sprawling linden trees, and there is a place for children to frolic. The park is very conveniently located: from north to south between Gorky and Belinsky streets, from west to east - between Ashgabat and Osharskaya streets. You can get to it from all areas of the city on public transport(3 tram routes and more than 15 bus routes operate).

I like to come here, because it was here that I often walked with my parents in preschool age. I learned about the history of this park quite recently from the stories of my elderly relatives.

Kulibin Park was founded in 1940 on the territory of the former Peter and Paul cemetery. Named in honor of the self-taught Russian mechanic Ivan Petrovich Kulibin, who was born in Podnovye and buried at the Peter and Paul Cemetery in 1818.
The cemetery itself was founded in 1775 on the Varvarsky field in order to transfer burials outside the city limits, since earlier the dead were buried in churchyards near parish churches, and as the city expanded, the presence of parish cemeteries made it difficult to build roads and streets.

A significant part of the population of Nizhny Novgorod was buried at the Peter and Paul Cemetery, including public figures, merchants, and writers. During the First World War, mass graves of the fallen Nizhny Novgorod soldiers were arranged on the territory of the cemetery. Burials continued until 1918. In 1937 the cemetery was closed, the graves and family crypts were destroyed.

In 1939-1940, a park was founded on the territory of the cemetery, the construction of pavilions, attractions, and the laying of paths began. In 1960, work on the improvement of the park was completed. Only two graves remained intact from the cemetery - I.P. Kulibin and grandmother M. Gorky Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina. In their place, a bust of Kulibin, a bas-relief with his image, a stele with a bas-relief of Akulina Kashirina were installed.
By 1990, all rides were dismantled. In 2012, the monument to M. Gorky, erected in the 1940s, was dismantled. Now there is a chapel in its place.

Despite the numerous changes that the park has undergone in its history, it still remains the most beautiful and favorite recreation area for many citizens, including my family. We especially like to wander under its sprawling trees, silent keepers of time, enjoy the spring trills of birds that find it so difficult to find refuge in the modern metropolis. It would be desirable that modern buildings do not invade its boundaries, and it continues to be a quiet green island in the middle of a big city.

Sobyanina Alexandra
school №103, class 2a

What is famous and remarkable about Kulibin Park? Let's start with the fact that the very location of its location is amazing. It is located on the territory of the former Peter and Paul cemetery, where prominent residents of Nizhny Novgorod were buried. To this day, a stele with a bas-relief has been preserved in the park at the supposed site of the grave of Gorky's grandmother - Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina, a monument to Maxim Gorky and, of course, a tombstone at the supposed site of Kulibin's grave and next to it - a monument with his high relief. The All Saints Peter and Paul Church, built at the end of the 18th century, has also been preserved. Therefore, this green island can be called ours cultural heritage regional significance.

The park is also notable for this. He invariably, from year to year, gathers avid chess players and lovers of playing dominoes under the crowns of his lindens. It is unlikely that you will be able to name another such haven for lovers of desktop games in our city. intellectual games. In the evenings, walking along the alleys of the park, you can hear the characteristic knock of bones on a tree. Follow the sound and you will come out to shabby, half-decayed chess tables, crooked and miserable, but still ready to serve the players.

Kulibin Park is also called the "lungs" of the old city. On the territory of the park (24 hectares), centuries-old maples, birches, poplars, lindens have been preserved. Citizens are saved by the fraction of oxygen that they give. After all, as we all know very well, the city center is a place where traffic jams are constantly formed, and the air there is poisoned with benzopyrene. Cars shifting from wheel to wheel in a traffic jam are forced to constantly re-gas on the spot, emitting many times more exhaust than a quiet move from point A to point B requires.

To combat perpetual traffic jams, in November last year (finally!) The first metro station "Gorkovskaya" appeared in the upper part of the city, this is near Gorky Square. Also, an excellent interchange appeared on Lyadov Square, and Gorky Street was expanded from it to the Volgotransgaz building. Why not to the end? The reason is just in the Kulibinsky park, which has the status of a specially protected natural area(T1), which means it is inviolable.

However, it is impossible to leave the street like this, otherwise it turns out that the expansion of its upper part was a pointless undertaking. Just imagine - the halfway has six lanes and narrows sharply to four lanes. Looks ridiculous. And such a picture opens from the windows of the Ibis hotel, where tourists and guests of the city from different regions and countries stay.

So, expand Gorky or leave everything as it is? Get rid of traffic jams or save the park? The question is ambiguous.

about the victims

Let's talk about the victims. The continuation of the expansion of Gorky Street to the very Svoboda Square will require cutting down 64 relic lindens - an alley along the street from the side of the park. Thus, at the expense of trees, the road will be widened by 5 meters deep into the park, which is 1% of its area. What is the risk of such an intervention? Firstly, the reduction of the green zone in Nizhny Novgorod is in itself a crime, because instead of the 16 square meters greenery in our city per person accounts for only 4.2 squares. The number is catastrophically small. Moreover, it is installed in Soviet time when the city of Gorky did not know such a large number of vehicles.

Secondly, as we know, not far from the Kulibinsky park there was a prison, the prisoners of which died from anthrax, cholera and tuberculosis. It is possible that their burials are located on the site of the alley planned for felling. Disturbing this land is very dangerous.

Thirdly, the analysis of phytopathology showed that lindens, which are determined for uprooting, are in excellent condition, despite their advanced age. Compensatory plantings are unlikely to make up for such a loss.

About compensatory landings

The project of the Department of Urban Development and Architecture assumes that as compensation for the destroyed relic lindens, on Gorky Street from the assignment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to Kulibin Park, a green boulevard will be organized. Its area will be 14,000 square meters. It is planned that 2,000 mature trees and shrubs will be planted in this area.

There is an opinion that such plantings have never served as a way out: either they will be forgotten at all, or the trees will not take root and will die, as happened on Yesenin Boulevard or on the Kazan Highway - 10% of compensatory plants took root at most.

Opinion of citizens

The famous Nizhny Novgorod resident, writer, politician Zakhar Prilepin says this: “You can’t give a fingernail, they will bite off your whole hand.” Not a single lane, not a single tree should be allowed to be cut down in this green area. The park, in his opinion, is what the park is for, that the trees are in the complex, and not scattered around the city here and there, so compensatory plantings are not an option. Kulibinsky Park is a place of rest, with which he personally, as well as many other Nizhny Novgorod residents, have many memories dear to his heart.

A resident of house number 7 Granitny Lane, on the contrary, hopes for a quick cutting down of a percent of the park. Teacher primary school of the first category, pensioner Olga Leonidovna says: “Our house belongs to a dilapidated fund. Residents have been treated with promises of resettlement for 40 years. We don't have any hot water, no normal heating. In winter, I, a pensioner, spend overwhelming amounts of money to buy firewood. 30,000 rubles are spent over the winter on wood heating. Every day I rake bricks out of the stove - it slowly collapses and collapses. In the summer, when it is hot, you have to spend money on going to the bathhouse - there is nowhere else to rinse. Windows from old age are completely skewed, dried up and do not close. After they make a decision to expand Gorky, our houses will inevitably be demolished, and then their inhabitants will finally know life in normal human conditions.

Olga Leonidovna also said that the houses that are intended for liquidation undoubtedly keep their historical value. For example, their house was once built for a priest of the Peter and Paul Church. The ground floor housed the kitchen and servants. On the second - the confessor's family. Another house from the history of the century before last is house number 127 on Gorky Street. Once it housed the apartment of the Nevzorov sisters. Here in 1900, at a conservative meeting, Gorky's Marxists supported Lenin's idea to create the Iskra newspaper. Until recently, the Museum of the Nizhny Novgorod Intelligentsia was located in the house. Recreated from authentic household items, the interior of the Museum is a typical apartment of a middle class intellectual. Modesty, austerity, functionality, artistic taste of the owner are the main characteristics of the furnishings of the apartments. Now the building is in disrepair and closed to the public.

There are many different pros and cons. Whatever position we have, the plan for changing the zoning of the street has already been adopted by the City Duma, but it has not yet entered into force, which gives hope to activists and defenders of the urban environment. In August, 23,000 signatures in defense of the park alley fell on the table of the mayor of the city.

General plan

The project developed by the Department of Urban Development and Architecture of the city involves changing the zoning of Kulibin Park from a recreational protected zone (T1) to a street zone (T-3). Thus, the elimination of 1% of the park will become possible. The extension of Gorky Street to six lanes corresponds to master plan Nizhny Novgorod, since this street is a main street and has urban significance. Bandwidth it does not correspond to the intensity of traffic flow passing along this highway connecting two large transport hubs cities: Maxim Gorky Square and Freedom Square.

Oleg Sorokin, the mayor of the city, declares that nothing threatens the park this year. “Neither the city budget, nor any other documents provide funding for road works, therefore, they will not be carried out. In addition, the results of pre-design work are expected, as well as a number of public hearings, at which the opinion of Nizhny Novgorod residents will be heard and taken into account. Only after that the question of whether to start the implementation of the project or not will become clear.”

Alternative suggestions

It seems reasonable to ban parking along Kulibinsky Park. This will free up an additional lane for traffic.

It is also proposed to turn Gorky Street into a pedestrian zone or open access to it only for public transport.

In the light of the events boiling around the park area, it is proposed to finally pay attention to it itself. The territory of the park will be reduced from the side of Gorky Street - that is, exactly where it is most settled and landscaped. The territory, which is closer to Belinsky Street, is rather nondescript and not landscaped. If the authorities care about the park's guests, they should think about installing lighting on its territory, think over the logistics of entertainment, and renew the park with new plantings so that it does not fade. Set up normal chess tables, after all. If the residents of the city remain satisfied with their own park, their indignation will fade away, because most of all the citizens need a constructive dialogue with the authorities, and not a game of tug-of-war.

Be that as it may, the decision to change the zoning of the park has been made, the city is constantly growing, the number of cars is increasing, and it makes no sense to leave the bottleneck of an important street along which thousands of people move, including in order to transfer to the metro.

On our website, you can take part in the survey "Is it worth cutting relic lindens in Kulibin Park for the sake of expanding Gorky Street?" and cast your vote for the most acceptable, in your opinion, decision regarding the reduction of the park. We will be able to draw a conclusion about the position of the readers of the portal.

In the appendix to this publication you will find schemes for changing the zoning of the park and a plan for organizing a compensation square on Gorky Street.

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