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The meaning of the word budding

budding in the crossword dictionary

Dictionary of medical terms

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

budding

budding, pl. no, cf. (biol.). Asexual reproduction by means of kidneys (see kidney 1 to 2 meanings) or gradually increasing outgrowths of cells.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

budding

cf. Asexual reproduction through kidneys (1 * 2) or a gradual increase in the number of cells.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

budding

a type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring are formed from outgrowths of the body of the mother organism (kidneys). Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses, and animals (protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, wing gills, tunicates). In some cases, budding leads to the formation of colonies.

budding

one of the methods of asexual (vegetative) reproduction of animals and plants. P. is carried out by the formation of a kidney on the maternal organism, an outgrowth from which a new individual develops. Of the plants, some marsupial fungi are capable of P. (for example, yeasts, for which P. is the main method of reproduction), a number of basidiomycetes, and liverwort mosses (they reproduce by so-called brood buds). Protozoans (some flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoa), sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, pterygobranchs, and tunicates reproduce among P.'s animals. In animals, P. is external and internal; the first is divided into parietal, in which the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and stolonial P., when the kidneys are formed on special outgrowths - stolons (some coelenterates and tunicates). At internal P. the new individual develops from the isolated internal site of a body of mother; such are the gemmules of sponges and the statoblasts of bryozoans, which have protective membranes and serve primarily for survival in winter or dry conditions when the mother's organism dies. In a number of animals, P. does not reach the end; young individuals remain connected with the mother's organism; as a result, there are colonies consisting of many individuals (see. Colonial organisms). Sometimes P. can be caused artificially by various effects on the mother's body, such as burns or cuts.

A. V. Ivanov.

Wikipedia

budding

budding- type of asexual or vegetative propagation animals and plants, in which the daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body of the mother organism. Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses and animals (protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, tunicates, some flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans). In a number of animals, budding does not reach the end, young individuals remain connected to the mother's organism. In some cases, this leads to the formation of colonies. For example, when yeast buds, a thickening forms on the cell, which gradually turns into a full-fledged daughter cell of yeast.

Examples of the use of the word budding in the literature.

Katya had to re-watch a lot of these wretched VIR dramas, both in the form of plot-thematic pictures and scenes that required her direct personal participation, and they all represented the resulting budding geniuses in the form of polar different characters of this or that fairy tale.

Of course, many geniuses were born as a result of budding, but this could only mean that they had the same set of DNA in the nuclei of their cells, but did not imply a complete coincidence of thoughts, goals or ideas.

A colony is formed by reproduction. budding one polyp.

Since, however, the cult of her perfection dominated, such automorphic curvature even tried to exalt - they say, tireless budding and spreading best expresses the nature of Proteus man.

They also reproduce in different ways - by rubbing, pollinating, budding, and sometimes, although unheard of rarely, the so-called tongue-and-groove, which, thank God, did not come to on Encia, a completely normal planet.

Reproduction is the ability of all organisms to reproduce their own kind, which ensures the continuity and acceptability of life. The main methods of reproduction are presented:

Asexual reproduction is based on cell division by mitosis, in which two equivalent daughter cells (two organisms) are created from each mother cell (organism). The biological role of asexual reproduction is the emergence of organisms that are identical to the parent in terms of the content of hereditary material, as well as anatomical and physiological properties (biological copies).

There are the following methods of asexual reproduction Key words: fission, budding, fragmentation, polyembryony, sporulation, vegetative reproduction.

Division- a method of asexual reproduction, characteristic of unicellular organisms, in which the mother individual is divided into two or large quantity daughter cells. We can distinguish: a) simple binary fission (prokaryotes), b) mitotic binary fission (protozoa, unicellular algae), c) multiple fission, or schizogony (malarial plasmodium, trypanosomes). During the division of paramecium (1), the micronucleus is divided by mitosis, the macronucleus by amitosis. During schizogony (2), the nucleus is first repeatedly divided by mitosis, then each of the daughter nuclei is surrounded by cytoplasm, and several independent organisms are formed.

budding- a method of asexual reproduction, in which new individuals are formed in the form of outgrowths on the body of the parent individual (3). Daughter individuals can separate from the mother and move on to an independent lifestyle (hydra, yeast), they can remain attached to it, in this case forming colonies (coral polyps).

Fragmentation(4) - a method of asexual reproduction, in which new individuals are formed from fragments (parts) into which the parent individual breaks up ( annelids, starfish, spirogyra, elodea). Fragmentation is based on the ability of organisms to regenerate.

Polyembryony- a method of asexual reproduction, in which new individuals are formed from fragments (parts) into which the embryo breaks up (monozygous twins).

Vegetative propagation- a method of asexual reproduction, in which new individuals are formed either from parts of the vegetative body of the mother individual, or from special structures(rhizome, tuber, etc.), specially designed for this form of reproduction. Vegetative propagation is characteristic of many groups of plants, it is used in horticulture, horticulture, plant breeding (artificial vegetative propagation).

sporulation(6) - reproduction through spores. controversy- specialized cells, in most species are formed in special organs - sporangia. At higher plants spore formation is preceded by meiosis.

Cloning- a set of methods used by humans to obtain genetically identical copies of cells or individuals. Clone- a set of cells or individuals descended from a common ancestor through asexual reproduction. Cloning is based on mitosis (in bacteria, simple division).

During sexual reproduction in prokaryotes, two cells exchange hereditary information as a result of the transfer of a DNA molecule from one cell to another along the cytoplasmic bridge.

The property of organisms to reproduce their own kind, which ensures the continuity of life, is called reproduction. asexual reproduction characterized by the fact that a new individual develops from non-sexual, somatic (bodily) cells. IN asexual reproduction only one parent is involved. In this case, the organism can develop from a single cell, and the descendants that have arisen are identical in their hereditary characteristics to the parent organism. Asexual reproduction is widespread among plants and much less common in animals. Many protozoa reproduce by normal mitotic cell division by dividing the mother cell in half (bacteria, euglena, amoeba, ciliates) ) . Other single-celled animals, such as malarial plasmodium (the causative agent of malaria), tend to sporulation. It lies in the fact that the cell breaks up into a large number of individuals, equal to the number of nuclei previously formed in the parent cell as a result of the repeated division of its nucleus. Multicellular organisms are also capable of sporulation: in fungi, algae, mosses and ferns, spores and zoospores are formed in special organs - sporangia and zoosporangia.

In both unicellular and multicellular organisms, the method of asexual reproduction is also budding. For example, in yeast fungi and some ciliates. In multicellular organisms (freshwater hydra), the kidney consists of a group of cells from both layers of the body wall. In multicellular animals, asexual reproduction is also carried out by dividing the body into two parts (jellyfish, annelids) or by fragmenting the body into several parts (flatworms, echinoderms). In plants, vegetative reproduction is widespread, that is, reproduction by parts of the body: parts of the thallus (in algae, fungi, lichens); with the help of rhizomes (in ferns and flowering); sections of the stem (whiskers in strawberries, blueberries, in fruit bushes, layering in gooseberries, grapes); roots (root suckers in raspberries) leaves (in begonias). In the course of evolution, the plant formed special bodies vegetative propagation: modified shoots (bulb, potato tuber) modified roots - root crops (beets, carrots) and root tubers (dahlias).

TABLE (T.A. Kozlova, V.S. Kuchmenko. Biology in tables. M., 2000)

Reproduction method	Reproduction features	Examples of organisms
cell division in two	The body of the original (parent) cell is divided by mitosis into two parts, each of which gives rise to new full-fledged cells	Prokaryotes. Unicellular eukaryotes (sarcode - amoeba)
Multiple cell division	Body original cell divides mitotically into several parts, each of which becomes a new cell	Unicellular eukaryotes (flagellates, sporozoans)
Irregular cell division (budding)	On the mother cell, a tubercle containing the nucleus is first formed. The kidney grows, reaches the size of the mother, separates	Unicellular eukaryotes, some ciliates, yeast
sporulation	Spore - a special cell, covered with a dense shell that protects from external influences	spore plants; some protozoa
Vegetative propagation	The increase in the number of individuals of this species occurs by separating the viable parts of the vegetative body of the organism	Plants, animals
- in plants	Formation of buds, stem and root tubers, bulbs, rhizomes	Lily, nightshade, gooseberry, etc.
- in animals	Ordered and unordered division	Intestinal, starfish, annelids ^^^^"SB""S8^saK;!i^^S^aa"^e"^"3ii^s^^

Characteristics of reproduction forms

Indicators	Forms of reproduction
Indicators	asexual	sexual
The number of parents that give rise to a new organism Source cells	One individual One or more somatic non-sex cells	Usually two individuals Specialized cells, sex - gametes; the combination of male and female gametes forms a zygote
Essence of each form	In the hereditary material of descendants, the genetic information is an exact copy parental	Association in the hereditary material of descendants genetic information from two different sources - the gametes of the parent organisms
The main cellular mechanism of cell formation	Mitosis	Meiosis
evolutionary significance.	Contributes to the preservation of the greatest adaptability in unchanging environmental conditions, enhances the stabilizing role of natural selection	Contributes to the genetic diversity of individuals of the species due to crossing over and combinative variability; creates prerequisites for the development of a variety of habitat conditions, provides evolutionary prospects for species
Examples of organisms that have different forms breeding	Protozoa (amoeba, green euglena, etc.); unicellular algae; some plants; coelenterates	Plants, algae, bryophytes, lycopsids, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms and seeds; all animals, mushrooms, etc.

budding, one of the types of asexual reproduction, found in both protozoa and multicellular animals (sponges, coelenterates, worms and lower chordates). There are simple (with the formation of 1 kidney) and multiple P. (with the simultaneous formation of many kidneys). Simple P. is a modification of the division into two, from which it differs in Ch. arr. inequality of fission products. Whereas during division, the individual splits into two daughter individuals of the same size, during P. the original individual, which is called the mother, separates from itself a certain small part (daughter individual), which only gradually grows and reaches the size of the mother: simple P there is an uneven division. Most often, P. is external in nature, consisting in growing almost on the surface of the maternal organism, and the main embryonic layers of the maternal individual usually continue into the kidney. In other cases, P. consists in the isolation of known groups of cells within a budding organism (internal P.), which groups then form a forming kidney; these are gemmules(see) in sponges, statoblasts in bryozoans. The exit of the internal kidneys to the outside is often preceded by the death and disintegration of the maternal organism. P. can take place either at any point in the body of the organism or only at some completely certain places him, what is eg. the budding zone encircling the body of the hydra, or the so-called bud-like stolon [a special outgrowth on the ventral side of the body of many tunicates (ascidians and barrel worms), which has enhanced growth and is the site of bud formation]. Some authors consider strobilation to be a special type of budding, consisting in the successive separation of a number of buds from one end of the mother; this includes P. scyphistoma or the polypoid stage of scyphomedusa, and it may also be the formation of a number of segments in the strobilus of tapeworms. Very often there is a regular alternation of P. with sexual reproduction, as a result of which life cycle the animal acquires the character of alternation of generations (coelenterates, barrel worms among tunicates, etc.). The resulting buds either immediately develop into an organism similar to the mother's, or do this process only after a certain period of time - resting buds (sponge gemmules, bryozoan statoblasts). Unfinished P. leads to the formation of colonies, for example. in sponges, hydroid and scyphoid polyps, bryozoans And some others. V. Dogel.

See also:

LIMB BELT, skeletal formations that support the free limbs of vertebrates. Accordingly, two pairs of limbs distinguish between the anterior-shoulder girdle (see) and the posterior-pelvic girdle (see Pelvic girdle). In their development, these formations are closely connected with ...
LUMBAR REGION(regio lumbalis) is part of the posterior wall of the abdomen. Its borders: from above - the XII rib, from below - the iliac crest, from the outside - the posterior axillary line and the medial line of the spinous processes of Lii-v. More accurately upper bound determined...
LUMBOSACACIAL PLEXUS, plexus lumbo-sacralis, peripheral part nervous system, giving rise to the motor and sensory nerves of the pelvic girdle, perineum, pelvic viscera, genital organs, and finally the nerves of the lower limb. It is formed by connecting the front ...
LUMBAR PURCHASE(punctio lumbalis, lumbar or lumbar puncture) is performed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal canal. According to Quincke, n. n. is produced between Lin and Liv. According to Tuffier, the puncture should be done between...
RIGHT-HANDED preferred use by most people right hand when performing such motor acts as writing, drawing, etc. Similarly to left-handedness, right-handedness can be congenital and forced. Forced P. happens in ...

budding budding

one of the methods of vegetative reproduction, carried out by the formation of a kidney on the mother's body - an outgrowth, from which a new individual develops. P. is characteristic of certain marsupials, a number of basidiomycetes, and also liver mosses that reproduce the so-called. brood buds. Among animals, sponges, coelenterates, some ciliates, worms, bryozoans, pterygobranchs, and tunicates reproduce by P.. In animals, P. is external and internal. The first is divided into parietal, in which the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and stolonial, when the kidneys are formed on the special. outgrowths - stolons (in some coelenterates and tunicates). With internal The item the new individual develops from the isolated vnutr. part of the mother's body - such are the gemmules of sponges and the statoblasts of bryozoans, which have protective membranes and serve as preim. for experiencing in winter or arid conditions when the mother's body dies. In a number of animals, P. does not reach the end - the young individuals remain connected to the mother's organism, as a result of which a colony arises. P. can be called artificially decomp. adverse effects on the mother's body, for example. burn or cut.

.(Source: Biological encyclopedic Dictionary." Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected. - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)

budding

A method of vegetative reproduction of organisms, when an outgrowth is formed on the mother's organism - a kidney from which it develops new organism. Some fungi, mosses, as well as ciliates, sponges, coelenterates, worms and a number of other invertebrates reproduce by budding. Budding in animals is external, when the kidneys are formed on the mother's body, and internal, when the kidneys are isolated from the inner part of the mother's body. In the case when budding does not reach the end and young individuals are connected to the mother's organism, a colony is formed.

.(Source: "Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Editor-in-Chief A.P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen, 2006.)

Synonyms:

See what "BUDING" is in other dictionaries:

Budding is a type of asexual or vegetative reproduction of animals and plants, in which daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body of the mother organism (kidneys). Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses and animals ... ... Wikipedia

A type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring are formed from outgrowths of the mother's body (kidneys). Budding is characteristic of many fungi, liver mosses and animals (protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

budding, a method of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on the body of a parent. For example, hydras (small freshwater polyps) often reproduce by budding in spring summer period. On the parent individual, a small ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

budding, budding, pl. no, cf. (biol.). Asexual reproduction by means of kidneys (see kidney 1 in 2 meanings) or gradually increasing outgrowths of cells. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

A method of vegetative reproduction typical of yeasts and some bacteria. It consists in the formation of a protrusion of the mother cell, which develops in a new cage(kidney). The kidney can separate from the mother cell or remain ... ... Dictionary of microbiology

Exist., Number of synonyms: 1 reproduction (31) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

budding- BUDDING, one of the types of asexual reproduction, found both in protozoa and in multicellular animals (sponges, coelenterates, worms and lower chordates). There are simple (with the formation of 1 kidney) and multiple P. (with simultaneous ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

budding- A form of vegetative reproduction is the formation of an outgrowth (kidney) on the maternal organism, from which a daughter individual develops; P. is characteristic of some fungi, liver mosses, sponges, coelenterates, some worms, bryozoans, ciliates; ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

budding- * smudge bath * budding 1. One of the forms of vegetative (asexual) reproduction (). 2. In bacteria, yeast and plants, the process of bud formation. 3. Enveloped viruses (e.g., influenza virus, Sindbis virus) have a type of exit from the host cell, in which ... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

I; cf. Biol. Asexual reproduction by the formation of kidneys (1.P .; 2 signs). Study of budding processes. Polyps reproduce by budding. * * * budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which daughter individuals are formed from outgrowths of the body ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

Big medical encyclopedia. volume 27 Budding - Psoriasis, N.A. Semashko. The Great Medical Encyclopedia sets itself the task of being not only a scientific reference book on all issues of medicine and related areas, but also to give the reader information with which he ...