Excellence Level state security distinguishes a truly independent state from a country under external control. If a couple of decades ago the main thesis voiced by the Russian authorities was the thesis that the enemies Russian Federation from now on there is not and cannot be - everyone around is friends and friends of friends, then over time the understanding of the fact that the friendly intentions of the partners are aimed at serving exclusively their own interests and utterly ignoring the interests of Russia itself has come.

After the collapse Soviet Union, which (collapse) became the main victory of the “partners” in the 20th century, Russia was literally flooded with organizations that base their activities on plundering Russian assets, gaining access to military information, entering the management bodies not only of strategic objects, but also of power in general . These organizations proliferated at an incredible pace, promoting a new Russian state an ideology that had nothing to do with the interests of both the state itself and the people of Russia. The country, and it would be strange not to admit it, fell under real external control, in fact transferring the levers of doing business both in politics and in the economy to persons who received an explicit directive to continue the fragmentation of Russia along national, religious and, as they said several decades earlier, , class attributes.


At some point, a huge state - Russia - was actually on the verge of collapse. Terrorist attacks, separatist manifestations were already something familiar to millions of Russians. The media broadcast from TV screens, the work of many of which also had nothing to do with real journalism, but fit into the more than obvious service of foreign interests.

The reasons for such rampant anti-statehood can be understood. After all, together with the state in 1991, the system of state security was destroyed, which in last years the existence of the Union and itself gave a clear crack. The system lost stability and ceased to perform its functions, which led to consequences that then seemed irreversible.

However, despite all the efforts of the "partners", despite the monstrous destruction of the very base of the national statehood, something happened that did not allow Russia to be put on the shoulder blades and finished off under the exclamations of jubilation of the "friendly" states of the near and far abroad.

We are talking about the restoration of the state security system, which continues to improve and work, as they say, on an invisible front, the heat from which sometimes reaches even an ordinary citizen.

Today, December 20, Russia celebrates the Day of the Worker of State Security Bodies. This holiday appeared in new Russia at a time when state security was not at all in order - in 1995. The then President Boris Yeltsin signed Decree No. 1280 "On the Establishment of the Day of the Worker of the Security Organs of the Russian Federation."

The date of December 20 as the date of the professional holiday was chosen with a historical, so to speak, sight. On this day, back in 1917, the Cheka was formed - the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission, headed by a man who later received the nickname "Iron Felix" - F.E. Dzerzhinsky. The official task of the new body was the task following character: the fight against counter-revolution and sabotage. The Cheka is a structure that worked under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and had its own regional divisions involved in the implementation, as it was said at that time, of the plans for the dictatorship of the proletariat. From the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR under the chairmanship of V.I. Lenin on the creation of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission:

To suppress and eliminate all counter-revolutionary and sabotage attempts and actions throughout Russia, they did not come from anyone; bring all saboteurs and counter-revolutionaries to trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal, and develop measures to combat them ...

The structure of the Cheka consisted of three main departments: information department, organizational department and wrestling department.

In August 1918, the tasks of combating speculation and malfeasance were added to the tasks of the Cheka. Earlier, the concept of "red terror" officially appeared as a kind of response to another concept - "white terror". The bloody flywheel comes into motion civil war, which carried such a number human lives, which historians still cannot calculate (estimate) with more or less acceptable accuracy.

In 1921, the Cheka began to deal with the elimination of homelessness and neglect of children. By that time, on the territory of Soviet Russia, homeless children had actually become a separate class of the population, numbering several million children of the most different ages. In a relatively short time, the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission managed to work out a set of effective measures. These measures led to the fact that millions of yesterday's homeless children were eventually not only torn out of the underworld, but in the end were able to get decent education, become completely law-abiding members of Soviet society, and many even follow in the footsteps of those who helped them find themselves in, to put it mildly, a difficult post-revolutionary life.

During its existence, the Russian (Soviet) state security agencies have repeatedly changed their official name. The Cheka existed until 1922, then it was replaced by the State political administration(GPU) under the NKVD of the USSR, which in turn lasted about a year. From 1923 to 1934, the state security agencies were called the OGPU under the NKVD. Then there were the NKVD of the USSR, the NKGB of the USSR, the GUGB of the NKVD of the USSR, etc.

In 1954, the State Security Committee was formed as the central Union-Republican body, which until 1978 functioned under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 13, 1954:

In the mid-1950s, famous politicians a decision was made to declassify the archives of the security agencies, which made it possible to learn about a large-scale reduction in the number of employees. In 1955, about 7.5 thousand security personnel were laid off, and about 8 thousand more were transferred to civil servants.

On December 3, 1991, the State Security Committee of the USSR was dissolved - the country tried to live in a new way under the slogan "there are only friends around." Friends, offering their hand and smiling, held the other hand behind their backs, and it quickly became clear that this hand was by no means a bouquet of flowers.

Today, the range of tasks of security officers is very wide. This is not only work in the direction of counterintelligence activities, but also a wide range of anti-terrorist tasks. Thanks to the work of the security forces ( Federal Service security of Russia) eliminated hundreds of terrorist cells in different regions countries, the leaders of the bandit underground were destroyed and sent to jail, whose contacts extended to representatives of international terrorist groups, including the so-called " Islamic state". Every day, painstaking and hard work is going on, aimed at keeping Russian borders intact and preventing the spread of destructive anti-state ideology and other similar manifestations on the territory of Russia itself.

"Military Review" congratulates the employees of the security agencies on their professional holiday and hopes that the security agencies will remain a structure that guards the interests of both the state as a whole and its citizens.

The day of the employee of the security agencies of the Russian Federation was established by decree of the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin No. 1280 of December 20, 1995. Until that time, for many decades, December 20 was celebrated Soviet authorities state security unofficially as Chekist Day.

The date of the holiday on December 20 was chosen due to the fact that on this day in 1917 the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR issued a Decree on the formation of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (VChK) to combat counter-revolution and sabotage under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (the predecessor of modern security agencies). The initiator of the creation of the Cheka was Vladimir Lenin. Felix Dzerzhinsky became the first chairman of the Cheka.

In 1922, the Cheka was transformed into the State Political Directorate (GPU) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the RSFSR. A year later, on its basis, the United State Political Directorate (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was created.

In 1934-1941, the state security agencies were part of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR. Then the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB) of the USSR was separated from the NKVD into an independent body, which in March 1946 was transformed into the Ministry of State Security (MGB) of the USSR. On March 13, 1954, the State Security Committee (KGB) of the USSR was established.

In connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the KGB of the USSR also ceased to exist. On the basis of its divisions in Russia, the Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR was formed, federal agency government communications and information (FAPSI), and other departments. In January 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Security. In December 1993, it was transformed into the Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK).

In April 1995, the head of state signed the law "On the bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation", on the basis of which the Federal Security Service was created. Since 2003, the FSB has included Border Service, which carries out the protection of the state border of Russia.

Currently, this is a professional holiday for employees of the Federal Security Service (FSB), the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), the Federal Security Service (FSO) and the Main Directorate for Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation. V Soviet period all of these special services, as main departments, were part of the structure of the KGB of the USSR.

On February 6, 1922, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) adopted a resolution on the abolition of the Cheka and the formation of the State Political Directorate (GPU) under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the RSFSR. On November 2, 1923, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR created the United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. On July 10, 1934, the state security agencies entered the NKVD of the USSR.

In February 1941, the NKVD of the USSR was divided into two independent bodies: the NKVD of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB) of the USSR. In July 1941, the NKGB and the NKVD of the USSR were again merged into a single people's commissariat - the NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943, the People's Commissariat for State Security of the USSR was re-established. On March 15, 1946, the NKGB was transformed into the Ministry of State Security.

In March 1953, a decision was made to merge the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security into a single USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. On March 13, 1954, the State Security Committee (KGB) was established under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

On December 3, 1991, the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev signed the law "On the reorganization of state security bodies", on the basis of which the KGB of the USSR was abolished, and for the transitional period, the Inter-Republican Security Service and the Central Intelligence Service of the USSR (Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation) were created on its basis.

In January 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree on the formation of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation on the basis of the abolished Inter-Republican Security Service and the Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR, which was transformed in November 1991 from the State Security Committee of the RSFSR, created in May of the same year.

Then other departments known from history were also in charge of ensuring the security of the Russian state, for example, the Preobrazhensky Prikaz and the Secret Office of Peter I, the Secret Expedition under the Senate, the Third Branch of the Own Office of Nicholas I and Alexander II.

After the terrorist attack on March 13 (March 1, old style) 1881, when Emperor Alexander II died, the state security system in Russia was radically reformed. As a result of the transformations, in September 1881, for the first time in the history of Russia, a special department was created to protect the first persons of the state. Over the next decades, the security service improved.

After October revolution 1917 in November 1920, a Special Department was created, which was tasked with organizing and implementing the protection of state leaders and ongoing events with their participation. Subsequently, it became part of the OGPU, and went through all the structural transformations with it. From 1954 to 1990, the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR performed the functions of state protection.

In 1990-1991, after the election of the President of the USSR, the Security Service of the President of the USSR was created, which became the successor of the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR.

In 1991, the state security bodies were merged into the Main Security Directorate of the Russian Federation. Since 1993, as an independent federal agency in the field of state protection, there was the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation (SBP of Russia).

On May 27, 1996, the law of the Russian Federation "On state protection", in accordance with which the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation was created, which was merged with the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation in the same year.

The historical roots of the Russian special services are reflected in the heraldic symbols of modern Russian security agencies: in the emblems of the FSB of the Russian Federation and the FSO of the Russian Federation, double-headed eagle tsarist Russia and the traditional symbol of the special services of the Soviet era - "shield and sword".

From the very beginning of their formation, the security agencies stood guard over the Motherland, on guard national interests Russia. So it was in the years of the Great Patriotic War, and in the post-war period, and now, when they have to fight against terrorism, organized crime, drug business, to protect the border lines of the country.

In 2016, the Russian special services were terrorist-oriented, including 16 terrorist attacks. Since the beginning of 2017, FSB officers have killed dozens and detained about 800 members of gangs, liquidated 66 terrorist and extremist cells (data as of October 2017).

Traditionally the most important direction FSB work. In 2016, the Russian special services stopped the activities of 53 regular employees and 386 agents of foreign special services, in the first half of 2017, 30 regular employees of foreign intelligence services, more than 200 persons who are suspected of collaborating with foreign special services.

Issues related to ensuring information security are also in the sphere of constant attention of the security authorities. In 2016 on the information resources of the Russian Federation. Compared to 2015, their number has almost tripled. More than 60% of cyberattacks were committed from abroad. During the year, the work of 1130 sources of harmful effects within the country and almost 500 abroad was stopped.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Employees of the security service of the Russian Federation are called upon to ensure the interests and constitutional rights of citizens, as well as the security of the integrity of the entire state. Employees of the security agencies are dedicated to their personnel holiday, which was previously called the Day of the Chekist.

Story

The origins of the FSB date back to 1917: on December 20 of this year, a decree was signed on the creation of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission. The main function of her work was to prevent sabotage and unrest in the state and to fight the revolution. Dzerzhinsky F.E. was appointed chairman.

In the postwar period, a year after the death of leader Stalin in 1954, the State Security Committee was created under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

In Russia, this day has been considered an official holiday since 1995, when Boris Yeltsin signed a decree on making the holiday a state holiday.

FSB Day is a holiday not only for security personnel, but also for employees of foreign intelligence, the Russian Security Service and the Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation. V Soviet time all of these structures were one and had a name - the State Security Committee (KGB).

Traditions

On a solemn day, the top leadership gathers the military to official congratulations. On the holiday, awards, prizes, certificates are presented.

In 1994, the next badge "For service in counterintelligence" was approved, which was awarded to especially distinguished employees whose experience was at least 15 years. Those awarded with this badge had benefits in the field of medical care, in the acquisition of housing, receiving sanatorium treatment. There were also salary increases. Those who deserved a badge had the right to wear a uniform even after their dismissal.

Do not forget on this day and veterans, and those who are no longer alive. Reminisce military merit and set as an example the best scouts.

Colleagues congratulate each other, accept congratulations from relatives and friends.

Labor, which is invisible to the naked eye, is very important and brings great benefits to the state and its inhabitants. This profession deserves respect and honor.




Very timely, the question was asked about the day of the FSB in 2019, what date. Often, in the vain preparations for the New Year, this professional day is simply forgotten. This is fundamentally wrong, because FSB workers on this day, like representatives of other professions on their professional days, are sure to expect congratulations, kind words and high marks in their service.

Every year, December 20 is the exact date when the day of the FSB in 2019. It so happens that this year the holiday falls on Sunday, from which its celebration in every family where the event is relevant should be given special attention.

From the history of the establishment of the holiday

FSB Day was included in the list of state official holidays only in 1995. But since then, this year is already the twentieth year, as all employees of the Federal Security Service magnificently celebrate this important event for them.

It is no coincidence that December 20 was chosen as the date, the day of the FSB. The fact is that in the Soviet Union on this December day they celebrated the Day of the Chekist.

The event was established back in 1917, when the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission was created. Then, in 1954, the Cheka was replaced by the KGB, which already existed until the collapse of the USSR. The FSB is the modern Russian version of the Soviet KGB, but the holiday for them is modern Russia was installed only in 1995. But, since then, the event has been constantly celebrated and a lot of attention has been paid to it. Relevant on the festive table.




About celebrations

In addition to the fact that FSB officers are congratulated on their professional day by relatives and friends, they, of course, congratulate each other. Only colleagues can understand how dangerous and difficult, sometimes unpredictable, this service is.

In addition, celebrations are held throughout the country. During the events, artists and folk groups perform, as well as employees of the security services, who especially stood out during the year, are awarded for special achievements in their official activities.

Possible options for congratulations on the day of the FSB:
You are at the security control of our country day and night, like all your colleagues. It's heavy and hard work but very important. Guys, I wish you not to lose heart, solve more crimes and, of course, do not forget to rest.
In our country, FSB Day is celebrated quite widely, we hasten to congratulate you on this event. Let the work go well, and you, as an already experienced employee with experience, submit correct example youth.
I wish you a good rest on your holiday from working days. Let at work you are always expected and appreciated, and experience, intuition and skill help to solve as many crimes as possible.
Let me congratulate you on FSB Day. With all my heart I wish you and all of us a clear and peaceful sky above your head. Let life and work in all its manifestations be on a high note. On the festive table can be served for dessert.




It turns out that FSB Day does not differ from when exactly this professional holiday is celebrated annually. It is necessary to mark the date December 20 with a special icon in your calendar. Unlike many other professional holidays that have a clear month and day of the week (for example, the last Sunday of the month of November), FSB Day is celebrated on December 20, but it so happened that this year the date fell on Sunday. And this is a double cause for magnificent celebration.