Good evening how old it starts. What time does the evening start? When the evening ends and the night begins

Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are situations emergency care for fever, when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What are the safest medicines?

How long is a day? It's a strange question: we know from childhood that a day is exactly 24 hours, or 1440 minutes, or 86400 seconds. So, but not so. A day is a period of time during which the Earth makes one complete turn around its axis, but it turns out to never take exactly 24 hours.

How long is a day?

If we take a distant star as a starting point, and count the interval for which it will return to the same point in days, it turns out that one revolution of our planet takes 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds! That is, in a day, the astronomical midnight can crawl away by almost 4 minutes! Moreover, this period, called sidereal days, depending on the friction caused by synoptic situations, ebbs / flows and geological events, changes all the time in the range of up to 50 seconds. If we take our Sun as a starting point, as our ancestors did, then the number is already closer to 24 hours. This is called a solar day. On average, for a year, taking into account the planet's revolution around the sun, a solar day is a fraction of a second shorter than twenty-four hours.

When these discrepancies were revealed with the help of the most accurate atomic clocks, it was decided to redefine the second as a fixed fraction of the "solar" day, more precisely, one million six hundred or forty thousandth.

The new second came into use in 1967 and is defined as "a time interval equal to 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom in the absence of disturbance by external fields." You can’t say more precisely - it’s just too dreary to say all this at the end of a long day.

The new definition of the second means that solar days are gradually shifting in relation to atomic ones. As a result, scientists had to introduce the so-called "leap second" (or "coordination second") into the atomic year in order to match the atomic year with the solar one.

Since 1972, the leap second has been added 23 times. Imagine, otherwise our day would have increased by almost half a minute. And the Earth continues to slow down its rotation. And, according to scientists, in the XXIII century there will be 25 current hours in our day.

"Leap second" was last added on December 31, 2005 at the direction of the International Earth Rotation and Coordinate Estimation Service, based at the Paris Observatory.

Good news for astronomers and those of us who love it when the clock keeps pace with the movement of the Earth around the Sun, but headache for computer programs and all the equipment that is on space satellites.

The idea of introducing a "leap second" was strongly opposed by The International Union telecommunications, which even made a formal proposal to completely cancel it back in December 2007.

You can, of course, wait until the difference between Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) reaches exactly one hour (somewhere in 400 years) and then everything is put in order. In the meantime, the debate over what is considered "real" time continues.

We master most of the common concepts back in early childhood... Despite the age of the little ones, hardly any of the kids require an academic explanation to the simplest concepts - a mother can explain everything literally on her fingers, in simple words. For example, "the day is when the sun is shining" or "when you are walking and not sleeping in a crib." Explanations imperceptibly accumulate and systematize, forming an understanding of the term.

The meaning of the word "day"

If you look at the planet from the outside, you can see a very clear division into day and night sides. Formally, the simplest explanation turns out to be correct from the point of view of astronomy - the daytime is the time when light from the star around which this planet revolves falls on the surface of the planet.

We believe that the day is the daytime, and the weather does not matter. Somewhere over there, above the clouds, the sun is still shining, therefore, it is not night now, it is not dark around. In the circumpolar latitudes, this principle is observed - such concepts as "polar day" and "polar night" are based precisely on natural illumination.

In some cases, we mean time in general. For example, when they say “these were the days of sorrow” or “in those distant days,” we are talking about some distant time in the past when some events took place.

Dividing the day into parts

Theoretically, if we rely on the presence of the sun in the sky, the day is divided into two relatively equal parts - day and night. In practice, it turns out that there are morning and evening, which are also illuminated to one degree or another. Morning begins when the reflection of the approaching sun appears in the sky, although at the same time, formally, the night continues. When the sun rises above the horizon, dawn begins, the morning continues and lasts for several more hours until the sun rises to its zenith.

In most cases, day is the time from about noon to evening, when the sun begins to sink over the horizon in the west. At the same time, they say "ten o'clock in the morning", but "eleven o'clock in the afternoon," and even in this case, options are possible.

How many hours is a day?

On average, six hours pass between morning and evening, and this is an approximate time frame. It turns out that a day is only one fourth of a day. The rest of the time is occupied by the night and intermediate states - morning and evening.

If you add a qualifying adjective at the same time, it becomes easier to determine what exactly is being discussed. For example, "daylight hours" clearly means that we are talking about daylight hours, when no additional sources of artificial lighting are required. Explaining what a day is, it is advisable to immediately highlight the accents and clarify that much depends on the specific situation and context, otherwise mutual misunderstanding may appear.

Often the length of the day is determined not by the actual number of hours or the duration of natural light, but exclusively by subjective sensations. A long or even endless day means that either the person cannot wait for the evening, or has managed to complete many different tasks.

Specifying time intervals

Often the word "day" is used in the meaning of "day". For example, "you have three days to fix the bugs." In the meaning of "day", this word is used when you need to indicate a sufficiently long amount of time.

If some kind of framework is required, then it can be a "working day" - the interpretation in this case provides that weekends and holidays are not counted. Business liabilities are taken into account in working days - execution of orders, receipt of funds to a bank account, and so on. The outdated concept of "workdays" has a similar meaning; it is a unit of accounting for collective farmers' labor for subsequent payment. When they say "day off", they mean a day free from all kinds of work duties, a time intended for rest.

Trying to understand what a day is in the mind of another person, we usually try to simplify mutual communication as much as possible. Therefore, when we are told "call tomorrow afternoon", it is better to clarify at what time interval the call will be appropriate. For some, even eight o'clock in the morning is already day, but someone else is asleep. If you do not specify, then according to business etiquette, a day is considered on average from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., and it will be good form to fit in about the middle of this interval. In other cases, it is better to ask for the exact time.

There is no ancient Russian sources, the term "sutasi". Instead of the latter, the word "day" was used. In this case, the day (in the meaning of the day) was divided into two parts (light and dark): day in the proper sense of the word and night.

It is difficult to establish exactly when the measurement of time by hours came into use in Russia. In ancient sources, the word "hour" is often found not only in the sense of a unit of time (= 1/24 day), but in the meaning of an indefinite moment (for example, "hour of death"). But along with this, in a number of sources, we find the 24-hour division of the day. Each hour contained 6 "fractional hours" or 60 "hours". Thus, an hour means a minute. Devices for measuring time have existed for a long time. Already from the beginning of the 15th century. the first description of a mechanical watch has come down to us: " Grand Duke conceived to arrange an hour and set it up in his yard behind the church of St. annunciation.

This watch was called the chronometer (a device for measuring hours). Every hour there was a hammer blow on the bell, measuring and calculating the hours of the night and day. It was not a man who struck, but it was as if the hand of a man made the evon by itself. It was arranged with the help of the human mind, in the highest degree skillfully and cunningly. "The master and artist who created this device was a Serbian native, a monk named Lazar. The price of the" chasnik "exceeded 150 rubles.

Acquaintance with the system of ancient Russian counting of hours is necessary because it differed from the one adopted in our time and, due to this, the indications on parts of the day available in sources require translation to the hours corresponding to them, according to the modern division of the day.

With daily measurement of time in ancient Russia people proceeded from observations of the natural change of day and night and brought them into connection with the hours of church services.

The day began not at midnight, as is customary now, but during the period of people getting up from sleep and turning to normal activities. This coincided with the morning divine service ("matins"), which began even before dawn and ended before sunrise. Prince of the XII century. Vladimir Monomakh wrote in his "Teaching" to his children: "Let the sun not catch you in bed. This is what my father and all good men did: after giving God morning praise, and after sun rise seeing the sun and glorifying God with joy, he opened a council with a squad, or judged people, or went hunting ... ".

Thus, from the first hour of the day (according to the ancient Russian account), people turned to their next business. Time from 3 hours to "noon" - "lunch" period. During this period, "Mass" was served in the church. "Noon" came at 6-7 o'clock. Before sunset there was another church service - "Vespers", and the time of day after "Vespers" was adjoining the evening. The night stretched from the end of twilight to the first signs of dawn.

In ancient Russian sources, the time at which this or that event falls is often indicated not in hours, but in church services. Therefore, it was necessary for them to stop.

In church calendars, the distribution of "day" and "night" hours was different for different months, as well as their divisions. If in our everyday life the day is conditionally equated to the night throughout the year (12 hours + 12 hours), and the hours are kept continuous (1 -24), then in ancient Russia, depending on this or that day and month, the length of the day (and, accordingly, nights) ranged from 7 to 17 hours. These fluctuations depended on the natural change in the dark and light parts of the day, and the connection with the change natural phenomena.

The correspondence of the clocks according to the ancient Russian measurement of time, adopted in the 16th-17th centuries, and the later reckoning (19th century), is given in Table XI.

When using the sources, it should be borne in mind that in a number of regions (for example, in Novgorod) the hour count was different from the Moscow one.

Talk to your child about the day.

Do you know what makes up a day?

From night and day. No wonder they say: "Day and night - day away." There are 24 hours a day. During this time, the planet Earth makes one complete revolution around its axis.

Do you know what a globe is and what it looks like?

This is the model the globe... The globe can rotate around an axis passing through its center, just as the Earth rotates around its invisible axis.

On that part of our planet that is not illuminated by the sun's rays, night reigns, and on the illuminated part of the Earth, a bright day shines. The earth rotates continuously, therefore day and night replace each other.

Several centuries ago, human life proceeded at a more measured and slow pace. After all, there were no cars, no planes, no electric trains, no telephone communications, no radio, no television. People traveled from city to city by horse for several days, weeks or months, depending on the distance.

People did not need special accuracy in determining the time in everyday life. Therefore, the time of day was determined approximately - morning, afternoon, evening, night.

The peasants knew the time by the ringing of church bells or by the position of the sun.

Important business usually started in the morning. No wonder the proverb says: "The morning is wiser than the evening."

Listen to the poem "What is a day?"

Remember son, remember daughter
A day is day and night.

Day is light and the sun is shining,
Children play in the yard:
They take off on a swing
They circle on carousels.

The sky turned pinkish -
The sun is going down
The dusk of the garden lay on the shoulders -
So evening is coming.

Following the first star
The month will come out young.
The sun went down across the river,
Night came, it got dark around.

And in cribs until the morning
The kids fall asleep.

Remember son, remember daughter
A day is day and night.

Can you divide the day into four parts?

Of course you can! Let's talk about the four parts of the day: morning, afternoon, evening and night.
In the morning the sun rises, the sky becomes light, the clouds turn pink, birds wake up and chirp, the corollas of flowers open.
To represent this picture figuratively, listen to the poem "Morning Rays"

The first ray fell on the bird
On a small titmouse.
She woke up: "Shadow-shadow-shadow,
Oh, what a wonderful day! "

The second ray fell on the bunny,
I started up in an instant obliquely,
He rode to the lawn
Behind the dewy grass.

The third ray of dawn playing
I woke up the chickens and geese.
He penetrated through the crack of the barn -
It immediately became brighter in him!

Perched, upstairs
The cockerel has awakened.
HE sang: "Ku-ka-re-ku",
He picked up a scarlet comb.

The fourth ray raised the bees.
He told them: "The flower has blossomed!"

The fifth ray came to me
Light up my bed
Ran along the wall
And he whispered: "It's time to get up."

Let's remember what we do in the morning?

We wake up, wash and brush our teeth, do exercises, have breakfast.
After breakfast, adults rush to work, older children go to school, and kids go to Kindergarten or they play at home and then go for a walk.
The sun rises higher, shines brighter, the day begins
The day is filled with study, work. In the middle of the day, everyone sits down to dinner. After lunch, the kids rest, and then walk, play or study again.
Gradually, the sun sinks lower and lower, and everything around is softly enveloped in a silvery-gray twilight. Evening falls. The moon appears in the sky and stars are lit.

What do we do in the evenings?

The whole family gather for dinner and evening tea, share news, talk about what happened in the afternoon. Someone is reading a book or watching TV. In a word, in the evening everyone rests after working day and then go to bed.
Evening is replaced by night - the time of day designated for sleep.

Listen to a lullaby song.

The stars have become clearer
Go to sleep, sonny, quickly.

Maybe you will dream
Bright Firebird Feather
Or a scarlet flower.
Go to sleep soon, son!
A moon shines in the dark sky,
Like a seven-colored flower.
The star choir sings: "Bye-bye!"
Sleep, son, go to sleep!

In winter, the nights are long and the days are short. In summer, on the other hand, there are fewer dark hours at night than there are light hours during the day. And only on the days of the equinox - September 23 and March 21 - the days and nights are equal.

Listen to the poem "So much light, how much darkness!"

There is a red maiden,
Carries not water in buckets.

She smiles herself:
There is light and darkness in her buckets.

We looked into the buckets:
So much light, how much darkness!

Questions and tasks:

How many hours are there in a day?
What two parts can you divide the day into?
What four parts can you divide the day into?
What time of day is the brightest?
What time of day is the darkest?
Tell about morning, afternoon, evening, night.
What is Equinox?

And in many English-speaking (and not only) countries, it is generally accepted to use 12 hour time format, and divide the day into just two periods - before noon (a.m., ante meridiem) and after noon (p.m., post meridiem). It is not customary for them to use descriptive constructs (although this does not mean that they do not use them at all), so the problem of sharing the time of day remains.

How to divide 24 hours in the morning correctly

Morning from 5.00 to 11.00. Evening from 17.00 to 23.00. Day and night, respectively, from 11.00 to 17.00 and from 23.00 to 5.00. However, there is no clear division of the time of day. It depends largely on the type and purpose of the activity. For example, calling someone after 21.00 is not polite, only in urgent cases, or very close ones. Or by prior arrangement. Etc

What is a day and how are they divided into parts

If you look into them, you will find several interpretations of this word. And the first of the answers to the question of what a day is, there is such a definition: a unit of time, which is equal to the approximate value of the period of revolution of the planet Earth around its axis. Why approximate? Because it is not even, but has minutes and even seconds. To be precise, 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. It is impossible to divide them into an equal number of parts. Yes, and up to 24 hours is not enough just a little.

Is a day a day or less? How many hours is a day

How long does the day begin

Quite a relevant question in this topic is "What is the best way to start your day?" First of all, I would like to note that, despite all the rules, it is best to start your day with a good sleep, because this is the most important thing for the successful implementation of further affairs. So if you have to sacrifice your evening chores for this, rest assured that it will be worth it. Also an integral part of a good day is morning work-out... If you have the opportunity to jog in the morning, then you will fill your body with more large quantity energy and wakefulness.

Owl cry

Until the evening service, this is the day strict fasting; you can only eat bread, water, fruits, etc. Gifts are pulled out from under the tree, the inscription to whom is read and distributed slowly and with feeling. 5. The first day of Christmas. On January 7th, on the first day of Christmas, at 10:00 a.m. Divine Service - Liturgy. Russians abroad, of course, try not to work on the first day of Christmas - they take vacations, etc.

Until what time to wish good morning

Most European countries a single division of the day is accepted. According to this division, the day is divided into four equal intervals of six hours each. In the Russian language, the same division is implicitly assumed as in the European ones. There may be slight fluctuations about 4 days. The answer is simple, in large companies the standard of communication with the client. It turns out that you need to memorize what is being done in large companies. And they don't know that. Because it's a secret.

Morning starts at what time

In modern business etiquette in the evening, regardless of the position of the Sun, the interval is considered from 17 hours to 23-24 ("11 pm", but "12 hours of the night"). The evening is the most valuable airtime on television, since during this time the most a large number of spectators.

What time does the evening begin, morning, day, evening

In this krata act coincided with the Historical Day cultural heritage... And now, together with 65:55, it is allowed to go to the light of old manors, residences of ambassadors, ministries' buildings, as well as individual people, architectural landmarks, into which, for the most part, a few employees are allowed.

What time is the day

Made a table of personal feelings: Night Morning Day Evening 24/0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 When does the evening start? I thought today when I went out to throw out the trash: is five o'clock - is it five in the evening or five in the afternoon? Colleagues, there is accurate information until what time it is supposed to speak good morning, then good afternoon and what time to start saying good evening? Not very important, but just interesting, since I was once found fault with this issue. As mentioned above, in everyday life the term day is often replaced by the word day, but in any case, in the Russian language there are words for the unambiguous separation of the concepts of “day” (daylight hours) and “day” (24 hours). Question 195380 How is it correct to say - four in the afternoon or four in the evening? And if there is - then there is almost no evening. Because the evening is often called the night - I can't say exactly from what time. Until one o'clock in the afternoon there was a conference at which important problems of the university's work were discussed. V colloquial speech we often use the phrase "until one o'clock." What time does the church day begin? I read that the evening service in the temple already belongs to tomorrow... Does this mean that the fast day starts before 5 pm on Tuesday and Thursday? For example, in Russian language they say "two in the morning", but almost always - "four in the morning", in other words, four o'clock is already morning, although in winter on the other side of the window at this time According to this division, the day is divided into four equal intervals of 6 hours each. at such and such an hour "is used in the meaning of" at such and such moment of a process "). V genitive Equal forms: “about one hour” and “about one hour”, “before one hour” and “before Yekaterinburg celebrates the International Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Holocaust on January 26, 2019 15:58. June 2015. 159257. How to divide 24 hours into morning / day / evening / night? Language Etiquette Society Science. Reply. Other replies by the author. At what age can a woman be called a woman? And at what time does the evening, night begin? Eleven o'clock in the morning, but twelve is already noon - which means that the border between morning and afternoon comes after ten.

Supplement for work in the evening and night shifts

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not contain a definition of the concepts of "evening time" and "eveningchange "and does not regulate the employer's obligation to establish increased wagesin evening time.

Previously, an additional payment for work in the evening shift was provided for by the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of 12.02.1987 No. 194 "On the transition of associations, enterprises and organizations of industry and other industries National economy to a multi-shift mode of operation in order to increase production efficiency ". This Decree has ceased to be in force in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.04.2011 No. 332.

In accordance with Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, night time is considered to be from 22 pm to 6 am. In order to reduce the unfavorable factors of work at night, there is a rule according to which the duration of work (shift) at night is reduced by one hour without further working off. In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, a night shift is considered, in which at least half of the working time falls on the night time. The duration of work at night can be equated with work in the daytime only in cases when it is caused by production conditions (for example, in shift work with a 6-day working week; in continuous production, etc.).

Night work hours are not reduced for workers who have a reduced working time limit. In addition to the exceptions to this rule in Part 3 of Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation stipulates that the duration of work at night is not reduced in the case when the employee is hired specifically for work at night. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains only an approximate list of employees who cannot be allowed to work at night.

Work at night is paid in an increased amount established by the collective agreement (regulation on remuneration) of the organization, but not lower than that provided for by law.

Article 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that every hour of work at night is paid in an increased amount compared to work in normal conditions, but not less than the amount established by laws and other regulatory legal acts. This means that for every hour worked at night, the employee is entitled to a surcharge.

The minimum wage increase for night work is established by the RF Government Decree of July 22, 2008 No. 554 "On the minimum wage increase for night work." This amount is 20% of the hourly wage rate (salary per hour) for each hour of work at night. And the specific amounts of the increase are established by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of workers, collective or labor agreement.

The duration of work at night is equal to the duration of work in the daytime in cases where it is necessary due to working conditions, as well as in shift work with a six-day working week with one day off. The list of such works can be determined by a collective agreement, local regulations.

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Let's look at an example. The organization, in accordance with the terms of the collective agreement, makes an additional payment to employees for work on the night shift. The collective agreement establishes a 20% supplement for work on the night shift, which lasts 10 hours: from 22 to 8 hours. The official salary of the employee is 12,600 rubles. per month. The shift schedule, which is an annex to the collective agreement, established that this employee works four days a night shift every odd week while maintaining a 40-hour work week by providing three days off. In accordance with the time sheet, this employee worked eight night shifts in March 2011.

According to Art. 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, every hour of work at night is paid in an increased amount compared to work in normal conditions, but not less than the amount established by laws and other regulatory legal acts.

The specific amount of the increase is established by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of workers, the collective agreement, the labor contract. An employee's supplement for night work, calculated on the basis of the terms of the collective agreement, is 1200 rubles. (12,600 rubles 168 h x 20% x 10 h x 8 days, where 168 h is the number of working hours in October). Hence, wage employee for March will be 13 800 rubles. (12600 rubles + 1200 rubles).

As for the amounts of additional payments for work at night, for the purpose of taxation of profits, they refer to labor costs only to the extent that they are made in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 255 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that night time is from 22 to 6 hours. Consequently, the amount of additional payment for work at night in accordance with this norm should be 960 rubles in the situation under consideration. (12 600 rubles 168 h x x 20% x 8 h x 8 days). In this amount, the additional payment to the employee for work at night is a reasonable (economically justified) expense and reduces the income received in tax accounting in accordance with the norms of paragraph 1 of Art. 252, pp. 2 p. 2 art. 253 and clause 3 of Art. 255 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Additional payment to an employee for work from 6 to 8 hours in the amount of 240 rubles. (1200 rubles - 960 rubles) is not recognized as an economically justified expense and is not taken into account for profit tax purposes.

If an organization uses a summarized recording of working hours for certain categories of workers (for example, drivers, security guards), where part of the working day (less than half) falls on night hours and the work is not shiftable and not six days, then night hours should be taken into account separately. And that's why.

As you know, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation requires you to pay for every hour of work at night in an increased amount compared to work under normal conditions in the amount of at least 20% of the hourly wage rate (hourly part of the salary). However, a direct indication that it is necessary to establish separately additional payments for work at night and separately - the tariff rate, in Labor Code RF is not. Therefore, when setting the hourly tariff rate, you can calculate it taking into account the additional payment for work at night. At the same time, this option for setting the hourly wage rate is not very convenient, especially if the employee is hired to work not only at night. In addition, in the event of an inspection by the labor inspectorate, each time it will be necessary to confirm the fact of increased payment for work at night by settlement. Therefore, it is more convenient to set a separate tariff rate and separately - an additional payment for work at night.

In practice, there are cases when the employer includes the additional payment for night work in the monthly bonus. The consequences of such actions are such that the inclusion of an additional payment for night time in the monthly premium will lead to a distortion of the meaning of Part 1 of Art. 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which clearly distinguishes compensation payments, one of the varieties of which is an additional payment for work at night, from bonus payments that are part of incentive payments.

Article 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes the features of payment for work at night, is intended to compensate the employee for performing work in conditions that deviate from normal working conditions. Labor activity at night time requires a certain additional effort from the employee, since biologically night time is a time of rest. Accordingly, the increased pay for work at such a time is not associated by the legislator with the achievement of any production results or the solution of the assigned tasks. The very fact of performing work at night gives the employee the right to receive an additional payment in an increased amount and has nothing to do with the criteria that determine the payment of bonuses.

As for the additional payment for night time, the analysis of Art. 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows us to draw the following conclusion: it is not the possibility of attracting people to work at night that is paid in an increased amount, but directly each actually worked hour.

Consequently, the employer must determine how much he increases the pay for exactly one night hour... Labor law does not provide for the possibility of paying for work at night by other means. This means that the employer is not entitled to set a fixed amount for night work that can be paid, for example, for professional skill, class, work with information constituting a state secret, etc. For work at night, it is necessary to establish a specific amount of payment per hour of work, which is multiplied by the number of hours worked.

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Any other form and procedure for paying for work at night would be a violation of labor laws, namely, Art. 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and may entail administrative responsibility in accordance with Art. 5.27 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.

Thus, it is not possible to consider the increased remuneration for work at night as part of the bonus. It should be remembered that pregnant women and workers under the age of 18, women with children under the age of three, disabled people, workers with disabled children, workers caring for sick family members in accordance with medical opinion, mothers and fathers (guardians) raising children under the age of five without a spouse. According to Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, such workers can be involved in work at night only with their written consent, and also provided that such work is not prohibited for them for medical reasons.

Also on this topic:

We are introducing multi-shift work at the enterprise. tell me in what cases payment for work in the evening is required

"Personnel service and personnel management of the enterprise", 2007, N 4

Question: We are introducing a multi-shift operation at the enterprise. Tell me in what cases payment for work in the evening is required.

P.Yu. Proshkina, St. Petersburg

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not determine what time of work should be considered evening, respectively, there is no direct indication of the employer's obligation to pay for the evening.

However, in Art. 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides an approximate list of work performed in conditions deviating from normal (performing work of various qualifications, combining professions (positions), overtime work, work at night, weekends and non-working holidays and performing work in other conditions deviating from normal ).

According to the interpretation given by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the Ruling No. 48pv-03 of November 19, 2003, the working conditions on the evening shifts are the same deviation from normal working conditions as the working conditions on the night shift. Consequently, working on the evening shift requires higher pay.

How much do you need to pay in this case? As follows from Art. 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, such payments must be made in the amount established by labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, collective agreements, agreements, local regulations, and labor contracts.

So regulatory legal act is the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of February 12, 1987 N 194 "On the transition of associations, enterprises and organizations of industry and other sectors of the national economy to multi-shift operation in order to increase production efficiency." According to clause 9 of the said Resolution, additional payments for work in the evening shift should be 20 percent of the hourly wage rate (official salary) for each hour of work.

This norm, despite the fact that it was adopted long before the entry into force of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is valid, which confirms the already mentioned Determination of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2003 N 48pv-03.

Note that from the content of this Resolution it follows that not all employees who work in the evening hours are entitled to higher wages, but only those who work in multi-shift mode (two- or three-shift work modes). Workers with a different working regime are not entitled to higher wages, even if they performed work in the evening.

An additional payment of 20 percent for evening work for multi-shift workers is a guaranteed legal minimum. A higher amount of payment may be established by a collective agreement, agreement, local normative act, labor agreement.

When determining the time limits for the evening time, one should be guided by the Clarification of the State Committee of Labor of the USSR, the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of May 7, 1987 N 14 / 14-38 "On the procedure for applying additional payments and granting additional leaves for work in the evening and night shifts, provided for by the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers USSR and All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of February 12, 1987 N 194 "<1>... According to this Clarification, the shift immediately preceding the night shift is considered evening. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation recognizes night time from 10 pm to 6 am (Article 96). The beginning of the evening shift depends on the accepted number of shifts, as well as the end of the shift recognized as a day shift.

<1>Approved. Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Labor and Social Issues and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions Secretariat dated May 7, 1987 N 294 / 14-38.

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Terms of payment for evening and night work hours

What is night work and how is it paid?

According to Art. 96 TC, night time is from 22.00 to 6.00 in the morning. Work during this period is recognized as work at night. V employment contract hours of operation are described; the employee who signs the contract additionally signs his consent to work at night.

According to Article 154 of the Labor Code, an employee who works in a specified time period can count on an additional payment for each hour of work. This article refers to the Government Decree No. 554 of 22.07.2008, which states that the minimum surcharge is 20% of the hourly rate or salary calculated for 1 hour.

The executive body has established a lower limit for which employers are not allowed to go. But the upper limit can be higher if it is approved in:

Collective agreement;

In a local act of a specific organization;

In the employment contract.

That is, the organizations themselves can increase the additional payments to their employees. It is on the surcharge for the watch itself, and not for the quality characteristics, for example, the surcharge is not affected by how much the employee has produced products.

“I'll see you tomorrow morning”, “we'll call you in the morning” ... We quite often use such phrases, only then it often turns out that everyone's morning begins and ends at different time. What time span can really be considered morning?

In fact, it is difficult to say unequivocally when the morning begins. There are many definitions - folk, astronomical, official - and each of them in its own way defines the boundaries between the times of the day. Some people generally use the simple principle "When I woke up - then morning", so it turns out that for someone morning is five o'clock in the evening.

Until a person began to use artificial lighting, morning began at sunrise and evening at sunset... The length of daylight hours determined the length of the "worker's" day. Some people still use such a distinction, but after all, the time of sunrise and sunset shifts depending on the season - the division of the time of day is too fuzzy. In addition, it is not clear how to draw the line between evening and night, morning and afternoon. That is, it is clear when the morning begins, but it is impossible to objectively determine when it ends and the day begins.

In addition, each language has its own stable expressions time of day... For example, in Russian they say "two in the morning", but in most cases - "four in the morning", that is, four o'clock is already morning, although in winter it may be still dark outside the window at this time. But, unfortunately, such descriptive constructions do not help to clearly distinguish between morning and day, evening and night: it so happens that someone is used to saying "three in the morning", and someone - "three in the morning."

So it turns out that in every country, and even every person has his own subjective perception of the time of day related to the customs of the country and their own daily routine. For example, most office workers associate morning with the beginning of the working day, afternoon with lunch break, and evening with the end of the working day.

But still - is it possible to somehow bring this into unified system , and to distinguish between times of day to clearly understand when the morning begins and ends? A lot of misunderstandings could have been avoided this way!

In most European countries, a single division of the day is adopted. According to this division, the day is divided into four equal intervals of six hours each... It turns out that the times of day are distributed as follows:

from 0 to 6 o'clock - night
from 6 to 12 o'clock - morning
from 12 to 18 hours - day
from 18 to 24 hours - evening

It is reasonable to use such a system, for example, when business communication when it is necessary to be 100% sure that the customer and the contractor have the same morning: it happens that the contractor is sure that he sent the customer the work in the morning, as agreed, and the customer at this time is already day. And how can you understand who is right and who is wrong, if everyone is judging by their own criteria? For this, a common European system is needed - so as not to ask a question "And when does the morning end and the day begins?"