The first army self-loading pistol of the USSR, created by the Soviet designer Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev in 1930.

History of creation

The TT pistol was developed for the 1929 competition for a new army pistol, announced to replace the Nagant revolver and several foreign-made revolvers and pistols that were in service with the Red Army in the mid-1920s. The German cartridge 7.63x25 mm Mauser was adopted as a regular cartridge, which was purchased in large quantities for the Mauser S-96 pistols in service.

The competition commission, headed by M. F. Grushetsky, considered the pistol designed by F. V. Tokarev the most suitable for adoption, provided that the identified shortcomings were corrected. The commission's requirements included improved shooting accuracy, lighter trigger pulls, and safer handling. Within a few months of work, the shortcomings were eliminated. On December 23, 1930, a decision was made on additional tests.

According to the test results, the TT pistol, designed by a design team led by F.V. Tokarev in the design bureau of the Tula Arms Plant, won the competition. On February 12, 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR ordered the first batch of 1000 pistols for comprehensive military tests. In the same year, the Tokarev pistol was put into service under the official designation "7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930" together with the cartridge 7.62x25. The pistol, called TT (Tula Tokarev) was quite simple and technologically advanced in production and operation.

At the same time, the USSR bought a license for the production of a cartridge from the German company Mauser and began production under the designation "7.62-mm pistol cartridge" P "mod. 1930".

Several thousand copies were produced in 1930-1932. In order to improve the manufacturability of production, in 1932-1933. the weapon has undergone modernization: the lugs of the barrel were not milled, but performed by turning; the frame was made in one piece, without a removable handle cover; the uncoupler and trigger pull were modified. At the beginning of 1934, the new pistol entered service under the name "7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933".

At the end of 1941, the equipment for the manufacture of TT was transferred to Izhevsk. In 1942, Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant No. 74 managed to produce 161,485 Tokarev pistols. Also in 1942, Izhevsk Plant No. 74 produced a small batch of a Tokarev pistol with a two-row magazine with a capacity of 15 rounds. The thickness of the handle was 42 mm (30.5 mm for the standard TT). The magazine latch has been moved to the base of the handle.

In 1947, the TT was again modified in order to reduce its cost: large vertical grooves, alternating with small grooves on the shutter housing for easy retraction of the shutter, were replaced with small grooves (grooving).

Design

In the TT pistol are assembled together design features different systems: Browning bore locking pattern used in the famous Colt M1911, Browning M1903 design and cartridge originally developed for the Mauser C96 pistol.

According to some experts, when developing the design of the pistol, it was originally supposed to completely copy the design of the modified Browning pistol with a removable trigger trigger mechanism (USM). However, in the course of work, the designers were forced to abandon the full copy (due to the lack of a technological base for the production of a complete copy of the original). It was necessary to reduce production costs by simplifying the design.

At the same time, the pistol has original design solutions aimed at the convenience of handling weapons: the combination of the trigger mechanism (USM) in a separate single block-block, which, when the weapon is disassembled, is freely separated from the frame for cleaning and lubrication; placement of the mainspring in the trigger, which reduced the longitudinal width of the handle; fastening the cheeks of the handle with the help of swivel straps fixed on them, which simplified the disassembly of the pistol, the absence of a safety mechanism - its function was performed by a safety cocking of the trigger.

The Browning scheme of locking the bore with a short stroke and a swinging earring, the automation system, as well as the trigger, borrowed from the Colt M1911 pistol, were modified to simplify production.

USM single action. The impact mechanism is made in a single block, which simplified the factory assembly. (A few years later, the Swiss gunsmith Charles Petter used exactly the same layout in the French Model 1935 pistol.)

The pistol does not have a safety catch as a separate part, its functions are performed by a safety cocking of the trigger. To set the lowered trigger on the safety platoon, it was necessary to pull the trigger back a little. After that, the trigger and bolt will be blocked, and the trigger will not touch the firing pin. This eliminates the possibility of a shot if the pistol falls or accidentally strikes the head of the trigger. To remove the trigger from the safety platoon, you need to follow the trigger. In order to put the cocked hammer on the safety platoon, it must first be lowered by holding it and pressing the trigger. And then the trigger needs to be pulled back a little.

Carrying a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber with the trigger released is not recommended and does not make sense, since for a shot you need to cock the trigger in the same way as the trigger set to the safety cock.

On the left side of the frame is the shutter release lever. When the ammunition in the store is used up, the shutter gets delayed in the rear position. To release the shutter from the delay, you need to lower the shutter delay lever.

Magazine capacity 8 rounds. The magazine release button is on the left side of the grip, at the base of the trigger guard, similar to the Colt M1911.

Hits when firing at 50 m in each of 10 series of 10 shots are placed in a circle with a radius of 150 mm.

Sights consist of a front sight made integral with the bolt and a rear sight pressed into a dovetail groove at the rear of the bolt. The cheeks of the handle were made of Bakelite or (during the war years) of wood (walnut).

Advantages and disadvantages

The TT pistol is distinguished by its simple design and, therefore, low cost of production and ease of maintenance. A very powerful cartridge, atypical for pistols, provides an unusually high penetrating power and a muzzle energy of about 500 J. The pistol has a short easy trigger and provides significant shooting accuracy, an experienced shooter is able to hit a target at distances of more than 50 meters. The gun is flat and compact enough, which is convenient for concealed carry. However, in the course of operation, shortcomings also appeared.

Before the Great Patriotic War, the military demanded that a pistol be able to fire through the embrasures of a tank. TT did not satisfy this condition. Many experts consider this requirement absurd. However, nothing prevented the Germans from making such a requirement for their weapons: Luger P08, Walther P38 and even MP 38/40 fully satisfied him.

Another drawback is the poor fixation of the store.

Without a fuse, the TT was placed in a safe position by the so-called half-cock of the trigger, and this made it difficult to bring the pistol into combat position. Involuntary cases of crossbows were recorded, one of which is described by Yuri Nikulin in the book "Almost Seriously". Ultimately, the Charter was expressly forbidden to carry a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber, which further increased the time it took to bring the pistol into combat position.

Ergonomics of the TT raises many complaints compared to other designs. The angle of inclination of the handle is small, its shape does not contribute to a comfortable hold of the weapon.

The TT pistol is distinguished by a flat trajectory and a high penetrating effect of a pointed bullet, which is capable of penetrating an army helmet or light body armor. The penetrating effect of a TT bullet exceeds the penetrating effect of a 9x19 mm cartridge bullet (a bullet "7.62 P" with a lead core, after being fired from a TT pistol, pierces body armor of class I protection, but body armor of class II does not pierce even when fired at close range. Bullet "Pst » with a steel core penetrates bulletproof vests of the II protection class, or NIJ IIIA + according to the American classification). At the same time, the stopping effect of 7.62 mm TT bullets is inferior to the action of a 9x19 mm cartridge bullet. But still, in the TT pistol it is possible to use several variants of the 7.63x25 mm Mauser cartridges with increased stopping power bullets:

30 Mauser LLC - a cartridge with a jacketless lead bullet from Old Western Scrounger (USA);
- cartridge with an expansive bullet from the company "Old Western Scrounger" (USA);
-7.62x25 mm Tokarev Magsafe Defender - a cartridge with a bullet of increased stopping power from Magsafe (USA) ...

Variants and modifications

Pistols made in the USSR

- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1930" - the first serial modification, only in 1930-1933. no more than 93 thousand pieces were produced.
- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1933" (pre-war production) - in order to improve manufacturability in production, changes were made to the design of the trigger mechanism (trigger rod and uncoupler), the shape of the barrel and frame was simplified (the rear wall of the handle was made one-piece, without a detachable cover). By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, about 600 thousand TT pistols were in service with the Red Army
-7.62 mm training self-loading pistol arr. 1933 - a training version of the Tokarev pistol, produced before the war. It differed from the combat one only in carbolite cheeks, painted green (and not black). The letters "UCH" were embossed next to the serial number.
- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1933" (wartime release) - differed by a simplified design and the worst quality of processing parts; some pistols were equipped with wooden cheeks.
- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1933" (post-war issue)

Pistols of foreign production

Hungarian People's Republic - in the years 1948-1960 at the FEG enterprise under the name "Tokarev 48M" was produced exact copy Soviet TT (with the Hungarian coat of arms on the grips). In the late 1950s, a modernized version was created - TT-58, with a more comfortable handle, made according to the Walter P-38 pistol grip and a modified magazine design.
-Vietnam - during the Vietnam War, the NLF's guerrillas field conditions assembled TT pistols from Chinese parts.
-Egypt - in the late 1950s, for Egypt, the FEG plant began producing a modification of the TT-58 chambered for 9x19 mm Parabellum, equipped with a fuse. The Egyptian police were armed with the Tokagypt-58 pistol. In total, up to 15 thousand of these pistols were produced, and some of the pistols were sold on the commercial market, mainly in Germany, under the Firebird brand.

PRC - produced in several versions:
- "type 51" - an army pistol, a copy of the Soviet TT.

- "type 54" - an army pistol, a copy of the Soviet TT, was in service with the Chinese army until 1971. Also made for export under the name M20.

- "model 213" - a commercial version manufactured by Norinco company chambered for 9x19 mm with a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.

- "Model 213A" - a commercial version manufactured by Norinco company chambered for 9x19 mm with a magazine with a capacity of 14 rounds.

- “Model 213B” - a commercial version manufactured by Norinco, chambered for 9x19 mm, equipped with a non-automatic fuse that blocks the trigger.

North Korea - a copy of the TT pistol, produced under the name Type 68 or M68.

Poland - the pistol was produced under the name PW wz.33 (Pistolet Wojskowy wzor 33 - an army pistol of the 1933 model) and remained in service until the end of the 1960s. It differed from the Soviet TTs by the markings on the slide and the handle plates.

Socialist Republic of Romania - a copy of the TT pistol called Cugir Tokarov was produced in the 1950s.

Yugoslavia:

Zastava M54 - a copy of the Soviet TT arr. 1933, production started in February 1954

Zastava M57 - a modernized version of the TT with a magazine capacity increased to 9 rounds, designed in 1956-1960, mass-produced from 1961 to 1990.

Zastava M70 is a compact version of the Zastava M57 military pistol chambered for less powerful 7.65x17 mm or 9x17 mm (9mm Kratak) cartridges.

Zastava M70A is a modernized version of the Zastava M57 pistol chambered for 9x19 mm Parabellum, the production of which started in the early 1970s.

Zastava M88 - a modernized version of the Zastava M57 pistol chambered for 9x19 mm Parabellum and .40 S&W.

Iraq - a copy of the Soviet TT was in service with the Iraqi army for more than thirty years.

Pakistan - a copy of the Chinese TT was produced at the POF (Pakistani Ordnance Factories) factory especially for the police. In addition, cases of making copies of TT in semi-handicraft conditions by weapons workshops in the area of ​​the Khyber Pass were recorded.

Conversion options and modifications

Sports weapon

Tokarev Sportowy is a Polish sports pistol chambered for a small-caliber .22 Long Rifle cartridge with inserts in the form of a standard chamber chambered for 7.62x25 mm.

In the 1950s in the USSR, on the basis of the TT, a sports and training pistol R-3 was created for a small-caliber 5.6-mm cartridge that had a blowback.

In May 2012, in Russia, the TT pistol was certified as a sports weapon under the name S-TT sports pistol.

Traumatic weapon

Based on the pistol, several models of traumatic civilian weapons self defense.

VPO-501 "Leader" - a "barrelless" traumatic pistol chambered for 10x32 mm T. Designed and produced since 2005 by the Vyatka-Polyansky machine-building enterprise "Molot". In accordance with forensic requirements, changes have been made to the design, excluding the possibility of firing live ammunition.

VPO-509 "Leader-M" - "barrelless" traumatic pistol chambered for 11.43x32 mm T. Designed by the Vyatka-Polyansky machine-building plant "Molot".

TT-T - a traumatic pistol chambered for 10x28 mm T. Developed and produced at OJSC Zavod im. V. A. Degtyarev. It has been on sale since 2011. It has structural differences from the combat TT: barrel with removed rifling; in the channel there is one partition-pin, which prevents the firing of a solid bullet.

MP-81 - traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. Designed and manufactured since 2008 by the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. The main components of the base model are preserved in the design: (frame, bolt, trigger mechanism), the original historical marking of the original and the identity of the methods of handling the pistol are completely preserved.

MP-82 is a variant of the MP-81 chambered for .45 rubber, developed and presented as a mock-up in 2008 by the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. Not serially produced.

TTR - traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. (manufacturer - SOBR LLC, Kharkov).

TT-GT - smoothbore traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. (manufacturer - Erma-Inter LLC, Kyiv).

Airguns

Several variants of 4.5 mm are produced air pistols: MP-656k (discontinued in 2013 due to the requirement of the Law military weapons) ; Gletcher TT; Gletcher TT NBB; TTP "Sobr"; Crosman C-TT.

Signal versions

Since 2011 the Signal pistol TT-S, designed on the basis of the TT-Leader pistol (production was discontinued in 2013 based on the requirements of the Law on the Prohibition of the Alteration of Military Weapons). For firing, primers "zhevelo" or KV21 are used.

At the exhibition "Arms and Hunting - 2014" in Moscow, JSC "Molot" presented a chilled version of the TT pistol, MA-TT-CX, chambered for a blank cartridge 10x31mm

Combat use

1930-1945

USSR - TT pistols were in service with the Soviet armed forces, and during the Great Patriotic War it was also supplied to Soviet partisans and to the armament of foreign military formations on the territory of the USSR.
-Finland - captured TT pistols captured during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. and "continuation wars" of 1941-1944. were in service with the Finnish army until 1951. In 1959-1960. pistols were sold to the American company Interarmco.
-Third Reich - captured TTs under the name Pistole 615 (r) entered service with the Wehrmacht, the SS and other paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany and its satellites.
-Yugoslavia - deliveries to the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia began in May 1944, continued until 1947

After the end of World War II

After the war, the TT was supplied to the states and movements supported by the USSR (in particular, the armies of the countries of the Warsaw Pact).

USSR - the production of the pistol continued until 1954 (some were assembled in 1955 from stocks of parts) and was completed. Since the 9-mm Makarov pistol was adopted. Later, the TT was withdrawn from service and gradually replaced by the PM - by the beginning of the 1960s. in the Soviet Army (it remained in service with the rear and auxiliary units for a little longer), by the mid-1970s - in the police, but in the paramilitary security units it was preserved in the subsequent time. In the warehouses of the mobilization reserve, TT pistols were stored at least until the beginning of the 1990s.
also, at least until 2000, TT was exploited by geological enterprises. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Geology of the USSR, leading employees of geological parties and expeditions could be armed with a pistol.
-Yugoslavia - after the war, Soviet TTs remained in service with the Yugoslav People's Army until at least 1968
-Russia - at the end of 1998, the TT was officially adopted Federal Service bailiffs. At least until July 2002, TT pistols were in service with the private security forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Listed in early winter 2005 award weapons. As of mid-2006, they were in service with units of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, employees of the courier service and collectors
-Belarus - as of 2002, was in service with legal entities with special statutory tasks
-Kazakhstan - was in service with departmental security railways and collectors of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-Latvia - was in service with the army until at least mid-autumn 2001
-Ukraine - in the early 1990s, a certain number of TTs from the warehouses of the mobilization reserve of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine were put into service with some units of the patrol service (PPS) of the police, they were also used to train cadets and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (due to a shortage of 9x18 mm cartridges ). As of mid-2005, the Ministry of Defense had 95,000 in storage. TT pistols (75,000 serviceable and 20,000 destined for disposal); as of August 15, 2011, only 10,000 TT pistols remained in the storage of the Ministry of Defense. Sotoit in service public service protection. It is also a premium weapon. As of June 2014, remained in service with the railway guards and collectors
-Estonia - in the early 1990s, a number of pistols from the warehouses of the mobilization reserve were given to the paramilitary organization "Defense League"

performance characteristics

Weight, kg: 0.854 (without cartridges) 0.94 (equipped)
- Length, mm: 195
- Barrel length, mm: 116
- Height, mm: 130
- Cartridge: 7.62x25 mm TT
- Caliber, mm: 7.62
-Principles of operation: recoil with a short stroke of the barrel, skewed shutter
- Muzzle velocity, m/s: 420-450
-Sighting range, m: 50
-Maximum range, m: 1650
- Type of ammunition: magazine for 8 rounds
-Sight: open, unregulated

The first army self-loading pistol of the USSR, created by the Soviet designer Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev in 1930.

History of creation

The TT pistol was developed for the 1929 competition for a new army pistol, announced to replace the Nagant revolver and several foreign-made revolvers and pistols that were in service with the Red Army in the mid-1920s. The German cartridge 7.63x25 mm Mauser was adopted as a regular cartridge, which was purchased in large quantities for the Mauser S-96 pistols in service.

The competition commission, headed by M. F. Grushetsky, considered the pistol designed by F. V. Tokarev the most suitable for adoption, provided that the identified shortcomings were corrected. The commission's requirements included improved shooting accuracy, lighter trigger pulls, and safer handling. Within a few months of work, the shortcomings were eliminated. On December 23, 1930, a decision was made on additional tests.

According to the test results, the TT pistol, designed by a design team led by F.V. Tokarev in the design bureau of the Tula Arms Plant, won the competition. On February 12, 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR ordered the first batch of 1000 pistols for comprehensive military tests. In the same year, the Tokarev pistol was put into service under the official designation "7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930" together with the cartridge 7.62x25. The pistol, called TT (Tula Tokarev) was quite simple and technologically advanced in production and operation.

At the same time, the USSR bought a license for the production of a cartridge from the German company Mauser and began production under the designation "7.62-mm pistol cartridge" P "mod. 1930".

Several thousand copies were produced in 1930-1932. In order to improve the manufacturability of production, in 1932-1933. the weapon has undergone modernization: the lugs of the barrel were not milled, but performed by turning; the frame was made in one piece, without a removable handle cover; the uncoupler and trigger pull were modified. At the beginning of 1934, the new pistol entered service under the name "7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933".

At the end of 1941, the equipment for the manufacture of TT was transferred to Izhevsk. In 1942, Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant No. 74 managed to produce 161,485 Tokarev pistols. Also in 1942, Izhevsk Plant No. 74 produced a small batch of a Tokarev pistol with a two-row magazine with a capacity of 15 rounds. The thickness of the handle was 42 mm (30.5 mm for the standard TT). The magazine latch has been moved to the base of the handle.

In 1947, the TT was again modified in order to reduce its cost: large vertical grooves, alternating with small grooves on the shutter housing for easy retraction of the shutter, were replaced with small grooves (grooving).

Design

The TT pistol brings together the design features of different systems: the J. M. Browning bore locking scheme used in the famous Colt M1911, the Browning M1903 design and the cartridge originally developed for the Mauser C96 pistol.

According to some experts, when developing the design of the pistol, it was originally supposed to completely copy the design of the modified Browning pistol with a removable trigger trigger mechanism (USM). However, in the course of work, the designers were forced to abandon the full copy (due to the lack of a technological base for the production of a complete copy of the original). It was necessary to reduce production costs by simplifying the design.

At the same time, the pistol has original design solutions aimed at the convenience of handling weapons: the combination of the trigger mechanism (USM) in a separate single block-block, which, when the weapon is disassembled, is freely separated from the frame for cleaning and lubrication; placement of the mainspring in the trigger, which reduced the longitudinal width of the handle; fastening the cheeks of the handle with the help of swivel straps fixed on them, which simplified the disassembly of the pistol, the absence of a safety mechanism - its function was performed by a safety cocking of the trigger.

The Browning scheme of locking the bore with a short stroke and a swinging earring, the automation system, as well as the trigger, borrowed from the Colt M1911 pistol, were modified to simplify production.

USM single action. The impact mechanism is made in a single block, which simplified the factory assembly. (A few years later, the Swiss gunsmith Charles Petter used exactly the same layout in the French Model 1935 pistol.)

The pistol does not have a safety catch as a separate part, its functions are performed by a safety cocking of the trigger. To set the lowered trigger on the safety platoon, it was necessary to pull the trigger back a little. After that, the trigger and bolt will be blocked, and the trigger will not touch the firing pin. This eliminates the possibility of a shot if the pistol falls or accidentally strikes the head of the trigger. To remove the trigger from the safety platoon, you need to follow the trigger. In order to put the cocked hammer on the safety platoon, it must first be lowered by holding it and pressing the trigger. And then the trigger needs to be pulled back a little.

Carrying a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber with the trigger released is not recommended and does not make sense, since for a shot you need to cock the trigger in the same way as the trigger set to the safety cock.

On the left side of the frame is the shutter release lever. When the ammunition in the store is used up, the shutter gets delayed in the rear position. To release the shutter from the delay, you need to lower the shutter delay lever.

Magazine capacity 8 rounds. The magazine release button is on the left side of the grip, at the base of the trigger guard, similar to the Colt M1911.

Hits when firing at 50 m in each of 10 series of 10 shots are placed in a circle with a radius of 150 mm.

Sights consist of a front sight made integral with the bolt and a rear sight pressed into a dovetail groove at the rear of the bolt. The cheeks of the handle were made of Bakelite or (during the war years) of wood (walnut).

Advantages and disadvantages

The TT pistol is distinguished by its simple design and, therefore, low cost of production and ease of maintenance. A very powerful cartridge, atypical for pistols, provides an unusually high penetrating power and a muzzle energy of about 500 J. The pistol has a short easy trigger and provides significant shooting accuracy, an experienced shooter is able to hit a target at distances of more than 50 meters. The gun is flat and compact enough, which is convenient for concealed carry. However, in the course of operation, shortcomings also appeared.

Before the Great Patriotic War, the military demanded that a pistol be able to fire through the embrasures of a tank. TT did not satisfy this condition. Many experts consider this requirement absurd. However, nothing prevented the Germans from making such a requirement for their weapons: Luger P08, Walther P38 and even MP 38/40 fully satisfied him.

Another drawback is the poor fixation of the store.

Without a fuse, the TT was placed in a safe position by the so-called half-cock of the trigger, and this made it difficult to bring the pistol into combat position. Involuntary cases of crossbows were recorded, one of which is described by Yuri Nikulin in the book "Almost Seriously". Ultimately, the Charter was expressly forbidden to carry a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber, which further increased the time it took to bring the pistol into combat position.

Ergonomics of the TT raises many complaints compared to other designs. The angle of inclination of the handle is small, its shape does not contribute to a comfortable hold of the weapon.

The TT pistol is distinguished by a flat trajectory and a high penetrating effect of a pointed bullet, which is capable of penetrating an army helmet or light body armor. The penetrating effect of a TT bullet exceeds the penetrating effect of a 9x19 mm cartridge bullet (a bullet "7.62 P" with a lead core, after being fired from a TT pistol, pierces body armor of class I protection, but body armor of class II does not pierce even when fired at close range. Bullet "Pst » with a steel core penetrates bulletproof vests of the II protection class, or NIJ IIIA + according to the American classification). At the same time, the stopping effect of 7.62 mm TT bullets is inferior to the action of a 9x19 mm cartridge bullet. But still, in the TT pistol it is possible to use several variants of the 7.63x25 mm Mauser cartridges with increased stopping power bullets:

30 Mauser LLC - a cartridge with a jacketless lead bullet from Old Western Scrounger (USA);
- cartridge with an expansive bullet from the company "Old Western Scrounger" (USA);
-7.62x25 mm Tokarev Magsafe Defender - a cartridge with a bullet of increased stopping power from Magsafe (USA) ...

Variants and modifications

Pistols made in the USSR

- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1930" - the first serial modification, only in 1930-1933. no more than 93 thousand pieces were produced.
- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1933" (pre-war production) - in order to improve manufacturability in production, changes were made to the design of the trigger mechanism (trigger rod and uncoupler), the shape of the barrel and frame was simplified (the rear wall of the handle was made one-piece, without a detachable cover). By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, about 600 thousand TT pistols were in service with the Red Army
-7.62 mm training self-loading pistol arr. 1933 - a training version of the Tokarev pistol, produced before the war. It differed from the combat one only in carbolite cheeks, painted green (and not black). The letters "UCH" were embossed next to the serial number.
- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1933" (wartime release) - differed by a simplified design and the worst quality of processing parts; some pistols were equipped with wooden cheeks.
- "7.62-mm self-loading pistol arr. 1933" (post-war issue)

Pistols of foreign production

The Hungarian People's Republic - in 1948-1960, an exact copy of the Soviet TT was produced at the FEG enterprise under the name "Tokarev 48M" (with the Hungarian coat of arms on the handle plates). In the late 1950s, a modernized version was created - TT-58, with a more comfortable handle, made according to the Walter P-38 pistol grip and a modified magazine design.
-Vietnam - during the Vietnam War, NLF guerrillas in the field assembled TT pistols from Chinese parts.
-Egypt - in the late 1950s, for Egypt, the FEG plant began producing a modification of the TT-58 chambered for 9x19 mm Parabellum, equipped with a fuse. The Egyptian police were armed with the Tokagypt-58 pistol. In total, up to 15 thousand of these pistols were produced, and some of the pistols were sold on the commercial market, mainly in Germany, under the Firebird brand.

PRC - produced in several versions:
- "type 51" - an army pistol, a copy of the Soviet TT.

- "type 54" - an army pistol, a copy of the Soviet TT, was in service with the Chinese army until 1971. Also made for export under the name M20.

- "model 213" - a commercial version manufactured by Norinco company chambered for 9x19 mm with a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.

- "Model 213A" - a commercial version manufactured by Norinco company chambered for 9x19 mm with a magazine with a capacity of 14 rounds.

- “Model 213B” - a commercial version manufactured by Norinco, chambered for 9x19 mm, equipped with a non-automatic fuse that blocks the trigger.

North Korea - a copy of the TT pistol, produced under the name Type 68 or M68.

Poland - the pistol was produced under the name PW wz.33 (Pistolet Wojskowy wzor 33 - an army pistol of the 1933 model) and remained in service until the end of the 1960s. It differed from the Soviet TTs by the markings on the slide and the handle plates.

Socialist Republic of Romania - a copy of the TT pistol called Cugir Tokarov was produced in the 1950s.

Yugoslavia:

Zastava M54 - a copy of the Soviet TT arr. 1933, production started in February 1954

Zastava M57 - a modernized version of the TT with a magazine capacity increased to 9 rounds, designed in 1956-1960, mass-produced from 1961 to 1990.

Zastava M70 is a compact version of the Zastava M57 military pistol chambered for less powerful 7.65x17 mm or 9x17 mm (9mm Kratak) cartridges.

Zastava M70A is a modernized version of the Zastava M57 pistol chambered for 9x19 mm Parabellum, the production of which started in the early 1970s.

Zastava M88 - a modernized version of the Zastava M57 pistol chambered for 9x19 mm Parabellum and .40 S&W.

Iraq - a copy of the Soviet TT was in service with the Iraqi army for more than thirty years.

Pakistan - a copy of the Chinese TT was produced at the POF (Pakistani Ordnance Factories) factory especially for the police. In addition, cases of making copies of TT in semi-handicraft conditions by weapons workshops in the area of ​​the Khyber Pass were recorded.

Conversion options and modifications

Sports weapon

Tokarev Sportowy is a Polish sports pistol chambered for a small-caliber .22 Long Rifle cartridge with inserts in the form of a standard chamber chambered for 7.62x25 mm.

In the 1950s in the USSR, on the basis of the TT, a sports and training pistol R-3 was created for a small-caliber 5.6-mm cartridge that had a blowback.

In May 2012, in Russia, the TT pistol was certified as a sports weapon under the name S-TT sports pistol.

Traumatic weapon

On the basis of the pistol, several models of traumatic civilian weapons of self-defense have been developed.

VPO-501 "Leader" - a "barrelless" traumatic pistol chambered for 10x32 mm T. Designed and produced since 2005 by the Vyatka-Polyansky machine-building enterprise "Molot". In accordance with forensic requirements, changes have been made to the design, excluding the possibility of firing live ammunition.

VPO-509 "Leader-M" - "barrelless" traumatic pistol chambered for 11.43x32 mm T. Designed by the Vyatka-Polyansky machine-building plant "Molot".

TT-T - a traumatic pistol chambered for 10x28 mm T. Developed and produced at OJSC Zavod im. V. A. Degtyarev. It has been on sale since 2011. It has structural differences from the combat TT: barrel with removed rifling; in the channel there is one partition-pin, which prevents the firing of a solid bullet.

MP-81 - traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. Designed and manufactured since 2008 by the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. The main components of the base model are preserved in the design: (frame, bolt, trigger mechanism), the original historical marking of the original and the identity of the methods of handling the pistol are completely preserved.

MP-82 is a variant of the MP-81 chambered for .45 rubber, developed and presented as a mock-up in 2008 by the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. Not serially produced.

TTR - traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. (manufacturer - SOBR LLC, Kharkov).

TT-GT - smoothbore traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. (manufacturer - Erma-Inter LLC, Kyiv).

Airguns

Several variants of 4.5 mm air pistols are produced: MP-656k (discontinued in 2013 due to the requirement of the Law on the Prohibition of the Alteration of Military Weapons); Gletcher TT; Gletcher TT NBB; TTP "Sobr"; Crosman C-TT.

Signal versions

Since 2011, the TT-S signal pistol, designed on the basis of the TT-Leader pistol, has been produced (production was discontinued in 2013 based on the requirement of the Law on the Prohibition of the Alteration of Military Weapons). For firing, primers "zhevelo" or KV21 are used.

At the exhibition "Arms and Hunting - 2014" in Moscow, JSC "Molot" presented a chilled version of the TT pistol, MA-TT-CX, chambered for a blank cartridge 10x31mm

Combat use

1930-1945

USSR - TT pistols were in service with the Soviet armed forces, and during the Great Patriotic War they were also supplied to Soviet partisans and to the armament of foreign military formations on the territory of the USSR.
-Finland - captured TT pistols captured during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. and "continuation wars" of 1941-1944. were in service with the Finnish army until 1951. In 1959-1960. pistols were sold to the American company Interarmco.
-Third Reich - captured TTs under the name Pistole 615 (r) entered service with the Wehrmacht, the SS and other paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany and its satellites.
-Yugoslavia - deliveries to the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia began in May 1944, continued until 1947

After the end of World War II

After the war, the TT was supplied to the states and movements supported by the USSR (in particular, the armies of the countries of the Warsaw Pact).

USSR - the production of the pistol continued until 1954 (some were assembled in 1955 from stocks of parts) and was completed. Since the 9-mm Makarov pistol was adopted. Later, the TT was withdrawn from service and gradually replaced by the PM - by the beginning of the 1960s. in the Soviet Army (it remained in service with the rear and auxiliary units for a little longer), by the mid-1970s - in the police, but in the paramilitary security units it was preserved in the subsequent time. In the warehouses of the mobilization reserve, TT pistols were stored at least until the beginning of the 1990s.
also, at least until 2000, TT was exploited by geological enterprises. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Geology of the USSR, leading employees of geological parties and expeditions could be armed with a pistol.
-Yugoslavia - after the war, Soviet TTs remained in service with the Yugoslav People's Army until at least 1968
-Russia - at the end of 1998, the TT was officially adopted by the Federal Bailiff Service. At least until July 2002, TT pistols were in service with the private security forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. At the beginning of the winter of 2005, it was included in the list of premium weapons. As of mid-2006, they were in service with units of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, employees of the courier service and collectors
-Belarus - as of 2002, was in service with legal entities with special statutory tasks
-Kazakhstan - was in service with the departmental protection of railways and collectors of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-Latvia - was in service with the army until at least mid-autumn 2001
-Ukraine - in the early 1990s, a certain number of TTs from the warehouses of the mobilization reserve of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine were put into service with some units of the patrol service (PPS) of the police, they were also used to train cadets and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (due to a shortage of 9x18 mm cartridges ). As of mid-2005, the Ministry of Defense had 95,000 in storage. TT pistols (75,000 serviceable and 20,000 destined for disposal); as of August 15, 2011, only 10,000 TT pistols remained in the storage of the Ministry of Defense. Sotoit in service with the state security service. It is also a premium weapon. As of June 2014, remained in service with the railway guards and collectors
-Estonia - in the early 1990s, a number of pistols from the warehouses of the mobilization reserve were given to the paramilitary organization "Defense League"

performance characteristics

Weight, kg: 0.854 (without cartridges) 0.94 (equipped)
- Length, mm: 195
- Barrel length, mm: 116
- Height, mm: 130
- Cartridge: 7.62x25 mm TT
- Caliber, mm: 7.62
-Principles of operation: recoil with a short stroke of the barrel, skewed shutter
- Muzzle velocity, m/s: 420-450
-Sighting range, m: 50
-Maximum range, m: 1650
- Type of ammunition: magazine for 8 rounds
-Sight: open, unregulated

External differences and design features of the Tokarev pistols of the 1930 model and the 1933 model of the year

Since the development of the TT pistol, two main modifications have been mass-produced. First of all, this 7.62 mm Tokarev pistol model 1930, which was released in several small batches of a thousand units for large-scale testing in the troops, as well as 7.62 mm Tokarev pistol model 1933, which after some modifications was launched into large-scale production.

The first significant difference in the design of the TT-30 pistol from the TT-33 pistol is the presence of a removable cover for the TT 1930 pistol, on the back of the handle, which provides easy assembly USM.


In the TT 1933 pistol, it was removed, making the frame one-piece, and the weapon more technologically advanced and cheaper.


Second outer the difference between the TT-1930 pistol and the TT-1933, which also allows you to identify the 1930 and 1933 models, is the different position of the triggers relative to the rib.

This is due to the fact that one of the main structural differences is the refinement in the 1933 model of the block with a trigger mechanism (USM).

The visual difference between the USM block of the 1930 model of the year itself is a narrow milled groove for fixing in the pistol frame. The trigger rod of this model interacts with the sear using the protrusion of the rear jumper of the trigger rod. The disconnector also interacts with the trigger rod through this ledge.

Unlike the 1930 model, the trigger block of the TT pistol of the 1933 model has a larger longitudinal milled groove. The USM design has also been changed. In order to simplify the manufacture, the trigger rod is made without a protrusion. The link spring acts on the protrusion of the rear jumper of the trigger rod, which has a beveled wall. The shape of the trigger spring has also been simplified. Its attachment to the rear wall of the handle is made with a pin. The sear in the new model interacts with the trigger rod not through a protrusion, but with the help of a bar hook made on the lower arm of the rear trigger rod jumper. The uncoupler acts directly on the trigger pull, for which it is made longer.

The design of the trigger block also changed slightly depending on the year the weapon was manufactured. Some early design TT 1930 pads already have a larger longitudinal milled slot.

In the photo in the top row, from left to right, the USM pads are shown:

Tula 1934, a narrow milled block groove, an early version of the USM (noticeable by the uncoupler and sear)

Tula 1934, a wide milled groove of the block, an early version of the USM

Tula 1935, a wide milled groove of the block, an early version of the USM

The photo in the bottom row shows trigger pads with a wide milled groove of the pad, a late version of the trigger design. From left to right: Tula 1938, Izhevsk 1943, Izhevsk 1952.


In the photo in the top row, from left to right, the USM pads are shown:

TT-30 1934, narrow milled block groove, early USM version

TT-30 1934, wide milled block groove, early USM version

in the bottom row TT-33 1938, a wide milled groove of the block, a late version of the USM design.

The TT pistol of the 1930 model of the year and the TT pistol of the 1933 model of the year were also equipped with barrels various designs. The barrel of the 1930 model is a cylinder with a thickened breech and a lug for attaching an earring. In the middle part of the barrel there are two semi-annular grooves for engagement with the projections of the bolt when locking.

In order to simplify production in the barrels of a pistol arr. 1933, the grooves for connecting to the shutter are made by means of continuous annular grooves.

TT models of the 1930 model were marked with a four-digit number, the first two of which indicated the year of manufacture, for example 3313.

The TT marking of the 1933 model included a number with the first two letters, the manufacturer's symbol (for example, an asterisk for Tula) and the year of manufacture.
For example, AZH535 * 1941.

External differences and design features of post-war Tokarev pistols

Postwar combat models they were visually distinguished by a smaller notch on the shutter casing, and mainly had a mod. 1933.

The post-war TT marking also included a number with the first two letters, the manufacturer's symbol and the year of manufacture.

For example, YaF3296 1952.

It is very convenient to illustrate the marking features on TT pistols of various years of production using diagrams authored by a connoisseur of the history of weapons, known online under the nickname "Walther P38 ". We cannot confirm the reliability of these illustrations by referring to any literature, but when faced with other works by this person, knowing his careful approach to finding information, we can be sure that the information was collected by the author for more than one month, and possibly more than one year. , comparing photographs obtained from various sources with disparate reference data.

These diagrams illustrate the location of technological stamps and markings on the TT pistol.

The difference in markings on the details of the TT pistol 1933 - 1939 of release.

In the 30s of the twentieth century, the USSR was developing self-loading pistols for mass production and rearmament of the army. Tests of domestic and foreign weapons were carried out, among which were the Parabellum, Browning, Walter, Prilutsky systems. But the Tokarev pistol, in terms of its combat and operational characteristics, bypassed the projects of other Soviet designers, so its mass production began.

The TT pistol was adopted by 30 states, including those used by the Wehrmacht, in SS units. Now the TT is a coveted trophy for gun collectors.

History of creation

The history of the creation of the famous weapon, the TT pistol, is associated with the name of the Russian designer Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev. He was born into a Cossack family. Later he entered the military craft school in Novocherkassk, where he studied at the weapons department. Later, at the rifle school for training officers in Oranienbaum, he saw one of the first automatic weapons - a rifle designed by Fedorov.

He was interested in the device, despite the imperfections and shortcomings, the first automation carried new idea which had advantages. There were no such weapons in the Russian army.

In 1908, Fedor Vasilyevich developed an automatic rifle, based on Mosin. The work was supported by the Artillery Committee. But the weapon required improvements, and in 1910 Tokarev introduced it new sample and a rifle of their own innovative design. The idea was to convert Mosin's three-ruler into an automatic one.

This rifle fired a single shot, followed by manual reloading, as a result of which the sight was already knocked out of the line of fire, although the magazine held 5 rounds. Thus began work on the creation of a Russian automatic rifle.

In the post-revolutionary period, Fyodor Vasilyevich was sent to Tula, where he worked as a chief engineer at the Tula Arms Plant. There he designed the MT light machine gun. The Tula pistol TT was created by Tokarev for the competition, the purpose of which was to select a successful weapon for arming the army. Why the weapon is called TT: the abbreviation is associated with the name of the inventor Tokarev, who invented it, and the Tula plant.

He was declared the most acceptable, but the commission demanded that the design of the TT pistol be finalized in terms of safety and accuracy.

A few months later, the designer presented an improved version, it lived up to expectations and was accepted into service. A cartridge with a bottle sleeve and a shell bullet for the TT pistol was put into service in 1930. Among the fighters, the pistol was nicknamed "TT" - Tula Tokarev.

But a few more years the design was modernized. I had to revise the drawing of the clip, because the cartridges from the TT pistol warped, the bolt wore out quickly. And the gun could not be used when firing from a tank through a rifle embrasure. The reliability of the pistol also left much to be desired, as well as a resource of 200-300 shots, there were frequent breakdowns and malfunctions, which means that modernization was again required.

The gun was modified primarily with the aim of reducing the cost and simplification technological process. After modernization in 1933, the plant got the opportunity to produce upgraded pistol TT in the required quantity. By the beginning of the war, over 100 thousand pieces were produced.

TT during the Second World War became the main personal weapon of the officers and generals of the spacecraft. It was used in close combat with a distance of up to 50 m.

In 1951, the production of TT was stopped, it was replaced by the famous PM. How does the Makarov PM pistol differ from the TT: first of all, the purpose is not for use in military conditions, but for the police in peaceful conditions. Therefore, the inventor made it more lightweight and compact. Free shutter automatic.

It is believed that PM is safer, more comfortable to wear and easier to operate. In the same 1951, the Stechkin APS automatic pistol began to be produced.

Design features of the 7.62-mm pistol model 1930

For his offspring, Tokarev applied the most successful developments of his predecessors: the creator combined in his pistol some features of several systems developed before him. It's about about the Colt M1911 and its bore locking device, Browning M1903 design, cartridge for . He introduced his own design solutions: he placed the trigger device in a separate block.


It could be removed from the frame to clean and oil the weapon. Tokarev placed the mainspring in the trigger and made more improvements to make the weapon convenient to use. Automation is made according to the scheme with a short stroke of the weapon barrel.

The TT pistol is an automatic short-barreled weapon. The case is flat, length - 195 mm, height - 133 mm, width - 28 mm, barrel length - 116 mm. Thanks to its compact size, the TT is comfortable to carry. Ammunition is automatically fed and sent to the chamber, the bore is locked and unlocked automatically, and the used cartridge case is ejected.

Shooting is done with single shots. The clip is located in the handle.


Due to its powerful cartridge and long barrel, the TT pistol was reputed to be one of the best examples of that time in terms of its penetrating capabilities and lethal force.

The main parts and devices of the TT pistol disassembled:

  • The frame connects the parts of the weapon and is the base and block of the firing mechanism. The cheeks are attached to the handle. The clip latch of an automatic pistol is located between the handle and the trigger. It is designed to limit the movement of the trigger hook. At the top of the frame there is a moving part: a barrel with an earring, a bolt with a return spring.
  • The barrel is cylindrical in shape with a tide. Inside it is a chamber and a channel with 4 rifling, which impart rotational movement to the bullet. Outside, half-rings-grooves are carved (for connection with the casing), a tide with a groove and a bevel for an earring is attached to facilitate the supply of a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber.
  • Casing-bolt - a part of a self-loading pistol, located on top of the barrel. Here the shutter is integral with the casing. The barrel moves inside it and other parts of the percussion device and a return spring are placed. A bushing is attached to the front. The muzzle of the barrel is placed in its upper hole. The shutter moves along the ledges on the frame. When the bolt moves back, the hammer is cocked, and the cartridge is fed into the chamber.
  • The trigger mechanism is a separate unit, so the assembly and disassembly of the TT pistol will not require much effort. The device consists of a trigger, a trigger and a sear with springs, an axle and a disconnector. The trigger is needed to strike the striker. The sear keeps the trigger cocked. The mainspring drives it. The drummer is a solid metal cylinder with a thin front edge, the so-called needle. The uncoupler is also needed to protect against shots. USM is designed for single shots. Rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute.

By pressing the trigger, the trigger and mainspring are activated, the sear is deactivated (it disengages from the trigger). Now the trigger is out of the cocked state, the mainspring presses on it and the trigger hits the drummer.

The one immediately pierces the Boxer's primer and the gunpowder ignites and detonates.

  • Sights of the device - front sight and rear sight. TT shoots at 25 m.
  • Clip - a box for 8 cartridges, equipped with a spring and a feeder. It is placed in the handle and fixed.
  • Shutter delay - a solid metal part, a plate with a rod and a tooth. As soon as the magazine runs out of cartridges, the shutter rises and holds the casing-bolt in the rear position. Thus, the shooter receives a signal that the time has come to reload the store. The device also serves to minimize the number of idle strikes on the drummer.

For maintenance (cleaning, lubrication), the weapon must be disassembled (not completely). For example, if the weapon is heavily soiled, caught in rain or snow, before repair, when switching to another lubricant.

Then assemble and inspect whether it is assembled correctly, how the mechanisms work. Often, a complete disassembly of the TT pistol should not be carried out, this will lead to the fact that its parts and parts will wear out faster.

Advantages and disadvantages

TT pistol, years of production 1930, 1933

The design proposed by Tokarev, in comparison with the pistols of his contemporaries and predecessors, is easy to use, more reliable and lighter.

In addition, it is worth mentioning the following advantages of "Totoshi" (as the SA soldiers affectionately called this weapon):

  • Good penetration performance. Punched a steel helmet from a 50-meter distance). It has a good penetrating effect, a considerable range, the dispersion radius when firing at a distance of 50 m is 15 cm. Even now in the west, dispersion within a radius of 35.5 cm is allowed for a 50-meter distance.
  • Easy descent.
  • Accuracy.

Despite the fact that the TT was reputed to be a fairly effective weapon and actually had no equal at that time, nevertheless, a number of shortcomings of this pistol can be distinguished:

  • An unfinished safety is the cause of accidental shots when a loaded pistol is dropped.
  • It is believed that TT does not have sufficient stopping power.
  • The weapon is meant for close combat only.
  • The earring is subject to wear, which leads to delays in firing.
  • The clip is designed for 8 rounds, and modern pistols - for 15-17 rounds.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that in modern conditions for self-defense or as a weapon for internal troops, the TT pistol is not suitable. In addition, Russian citizens are prohibited from owning short-barreled military weapons.


The TT was developed chambered for 7.62 × 25mm caliber. Its prototype was the 7.63 mm Mauser cartridge. The shape of the bullet has been slightly changed. The cartridges from the TT pistol were of the same caliber as the Nagan revolver, three-line, Maxim, 7.62 mm.

Performance characteristics (TTX) TT-33

Conversion options and modifications

On the basis of the TT pistol, many modifications of the pistol were created by Soviet and foreign designers for various purposes.

Based on the drawings transferred by the USSR to Hungary, a modified scheme was developed: the weapon was intended for 9 mm cartridges.

In China, according to Soviet drawings, the TT pistol was produced, first with the index "type-51", later - "type-54".

Sports weapon

At the very end of the Second World War, the process of conversion of military production began. The designers were given the task of developing a small-caliber sports pistol.

  • First, the R-3 was developed, then the R-4 chambered for a small-caliber 5.6 mm cartridge.
  • The S-TT sports pistol was produced in the 30s-50s, it has no differences from the combat prototype.

Traumatic weapon

Traumatic is a weapon for self-defense.

  • TT-Leader. Its prototype is the TT-33. The version retains the design and construction of the USM. Accuracy leaves much to be desired. Instead of a barrel - an imitator (there is no barrel), as a result - the spread of bullets is too large even for traumatics. Out of production. TT-T is another version based on military weapons.
  • MP-81 - TT is taken as the basis: the frame, shutter, USM are copied (reworked combat pistols). It is used with a rubber bullet and a traumatic cartridge, gas and noise cartridges.

Pneumatic versions

The pistols listed below are in 4.5mm caliber:

  • Gletcher TT. It has a plastic body, so it is quite lightweight - up to 400 gr. The shutter is fixed. Reputed to be a reliable model and is characterized by unpretentious maintenance. Good aim.
  • Gletcher TT NBB is a gas-cylinder smoothbore multicharger. The design is similar to the self-loading TT.
  • TTP "Sobr" - gas-cylinder pneumatics produced in Ukraine. The pistol has been discontinued.
  • Crosman C-TT is a multiply charged model.

Signal versions

The TT-S signal pistol is a modification of the VPO-501 "Leader", based on the Tokarev pistol. The issue has been discontinued, as modern law prohibits the conversion of military weapons.

Collectibles

Among the collectible weapons there are combat ones with marks and training ones. It is legally allowed to purchase copies that cannot be fired with live ammunition.

By May 9, 2017, the well-known jewelry brand released TT collectible pistols - modified versions adorned with gold.

It is worth adding about the Tokarev pistol that the TT is officially considered award-winning along with the Makarov pistol, etc.

Combat use

Industrial production for the spacecraft continued until 1951, it was replaced by the Makarov pistol.

But during the war they were armed not only officers, but they were also sent to partisan detachments.

Little oddities

  • Insufficient fixation of the store led to the fact that during the battle the shooter could be disarmed (the store fell out of the mine).
  • The handle is directed to the barrel at a right angle, so after throwing up the barrel is slightly lower than the target. To get right on target, you have to adapt.

Upgrading options

Tuning the Tokarev pistol is less popular than the improvement of the famous Makarov.

Nevertheless, ingenious craftsmen are trying to improve its technical characteristics.

Accessories

The handles are supplied with wooden, plastic or rubber pads, LED front sight and rear sight, it is believed that they improve the speed of aiming.

A muzzle brake compensator is installed on the barrel, which removes recoil and stabilizes the barrel. This detail decorates the gun, gives it an aggressive look.

Such chips are ordered abroad or made on a milling machine themselves. It is difficult to make external tuning without a turning and milling machine.


There is no possibility of installing a collimator or underbarrel lamp. The holes in the trigger give the pistol an entourage and similarity to the Colt 1911. Picatinny rails allow you to hang an underbarrel laser pointer or a flashlight.

The heel of the magazine allows you to increase the capacity by 1 round. Applied gold and silver plating. LCC, an underbarrel laser pointer that allows you to shoot without aiming at short distances.

To carry a Tokarev pistol, you can buy a waist holster with an open and closed design, for concealed carrying a shoulder and waist holster with a mount.

Finally

One of the most famous photographs of the Second World War depicts Alexei Eremin with a TT in his hand. He raised soldiers to attack the enemy. A moment later, Alexei was killed, but the Soviet army went on the offensive.

So it was confirmed that the gun sometimes plays a much greater role than just a weapon for self-defense.

Video

TT, Tula Tokarev pistol mod. 1933 (GRAU index - 56-A-132) - the first army self-loading pistol of the USSR, developed in 1930 by the Soviet designer Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev.

TT pistol - video

The TT pistol was created in the design bureau of the Tula Arms Plant in order to replace the Nagan revolver and several models of foreign-made revolvers and pistols that were in service with the Red Army by the mid-1920s. The Nagant revolver did not have the necessary rate of fire, firepower and firing efficiency. It was necessary to create personal weapons with higher combat and service performance. The then widespread Browning and Mauser 7.65 mm pocket pistols were not suitable for use in the army due to the small stopping effect of the bullet, the Belgian Browning 1903 caliber 9 mm did not have an external trigger and was designed for a rather low-power cartridge, the American M1911A1 was too large and heavy, rather difficult to manufacture weapons, although very effective in shooting, the Mauser C-96, beloved by many Red Army commanders and revolutionaries, was hopelessly outdated, and the German Parabellum P.08, which had excellent combat and operational qualities, was too expensive and labor-intensive to manufacture .

In general, the reason for the rejection of foreign systems was the need to re-equip the arms industry with new production equipment and the introduction of new standards, which required gigantic expenses that were not acceptable at that time for Soviet Russia. The new weapon for arming the command staff of the Red Army was to have a large range of actual fire, small dimensions, low weight, an open trigger and the simplest possible fuse, as well as a beautiful appearance, but most importantly, be simple in design and adapted to cheap mass production on an outdated and primitive equipment.

For use in the new pistol, a powerful cartridge of 7.62 mm caliber with an initial bullet speed of 420 m / s was chosen. It was a redesigned cartridge "7.63mm Mauser", which later received the designation "7.62 × 25 TT". The use of this cartridge did not require re-equipment of production, in addition, the warehouses had a fairly large number of 7.63 mm cartridges purchased from the Germans for Mauser C-96 pistols. The tasks set regarding the qualities of the pistol itself were fulfilled thanks to the new design solutions of Tokarev, who took the Browning locking system as the most simple and the best way suitable for use in compact weapons chambered for such a powerful cartridge, as well as the layout and design of the FN Browning model 1903 pistol. In June - July 1930, the first field tests of the F.V. pistol took place. Tokarev together with domestic designs by S.A. Prilutsky and S.A. Korovina chambered for 7.62 × 25, as well as foreign pistols FN Browning model 1922 and Walther PP in 7.65mm, Parabellum P.08 in 9mm and Colt M1911A1 in .45. During these tests, the Tokarev pistol demonstrated excellent ballistic qualities and accuracy. When firing at 25 meters, the dispersion radius was 7.5 cm.

Tokarev's weapon turned out to be easy to handle and operate, surpassed other samples in terms of weight and size characteristics, and reliable in operation during prolonged firing. A huge advantage for the Soviet arms industry of those years was the manufacturability and ease of production of this pistol. The competitive commission headed by M.F. Grushetsky considered the Tokarev pistol the most acceptable and suitable for adoption, provided that the identified shortcomings were eliminated. The commission's requirements included improved shooting accuracy, lighter trigger pulls, and safer handling. Tokarev completed the task in a few months of work. The decision on additional tests was made on December 23, 1930. In January of the same year, in Solnechnogorsk, Moscow Region, tests were held at the firing range of the Higher Shooting School "Shot", which were attended by the main military leaders of the state: K.E. Voroshilov, M.N. Tukhachevsky, I. P. Uborevich, as well as many high-ranking officials. According to the test results, the advantages of the improved Tokarev pistol over other samples were noted. On February 12, 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR ordered the first batch of 1000 pistols for comprehensive military tests. In the same year, the Tokarev pistol was adopted by the Red Army under the official designation "7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930" together with the cartridge 7.62 × 25 under the designation "7.62-mm pistol cartridge" P "mod. 1930". Unofficially, this weapon began to be called TT (Tulsky Tokarev), later this name was assigned to it.

The Tokarev pistol combines design features various systems: Browning bore locking scheme used in the famous M1911, designed by the FN Browning model 1903 and chambered in 7.63mm Mauser. At the same time, the pistol has original design solutions - the combination of the trigger mechanism in a separate single block - a block, which, when the weapon is disassembled, is freely separated from the frame for cleaning and lubrication; placement of the mainspring in the trigger, which reduced the longitudinal width of the handle; fastening the cheeks of the handle with the help of swivel straps fixed on them, which simplified the disassembly of the pistol, the absence of a safety mechanism, the function of which was performed only by the safety cocking of the trigger. Automation works according to the scheme of using recoil with a short barrel stroke. Locking is carried out using a falling barrel. Two lugs located on the outer upper side of the barrel in front of the chamber enter the corresponding grooves made in the inner surface of the shutter-casing. The lowering of the breech of the barrel occurs by means of an eyelet, the axis of the eyelet is pivotally connected to the barrel, and to the frame - the axis of the slide delay. The trigger mechanism of the hammer type, single action, with a safety cocked trigger. When setting the trigger on the safety platoon, the shutter-casing is also blocked.

The direction of feeding the cartridge from the magazine to the chamber in the TT pistol is carried out by the guide surfaces of the protrusions of the trigger block, which increases the reliability of chambering if the bent upper edges of the side walls of the neck of the magazine box would be damaged. On the left side of the frame there is a slide delay lever, on the right side there is a split slide delay spring that fixes it and is used to disassemble the weapon. Magazine latch, located at the base of the trigger guard, on the left side of the frame. Sights consist of an unregulated front sight, made as part of a shutter-casing and a rear sight fixed in a dovetail groove with the possibility of making lateral corrections. A box magazine with a single-row arrangement of cartridges in the side walls has holes for visual definition their quantity. These holes are staggered, seven on the right and six on the left. The angle of the handle is 102°. The cheeks of the handle are plastic, with a large notch. The cheeks of early release pistols are fully grooved. In 1935 pistols with brown cheeks were produced. Later, with the exception of wooden ones, only black cheeks were made. On the cheeks of a later issue, in the center, there is a five-pointed star with a stylized inscription "USSR". The weapon was made of carbon steel. The surfaces were treated by oxidation.

Production of the Tokarev pistol began in 1930 at the Tula Arms Plant. In 1930 - 1932 several thousand were manufactured, while in 1932 - 1933. a number of changes were made to the design of the pistol in order to improve the manufacturability of production: the lugs of the barrel were now turned by turning, and not milled as before; the frame was made in one piece, without a removable handle cover; the uncoupler and trigger pull were modified. In this form, the mass production of Tokarev pistols began in 1933, and the pistol was adopted under the name “7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933". The Red Army received a modern personal weapon - a self-loading pistol, created on the basis of the best design solutions, with sufficiently high combat and service-operational qualities.

Nevertheless, the Nagan revolver, the Tokarev pistol, which was in service with the Red Army, which was in service with the Red Army, was trouble-free in operation and accurate in shooting, at the same time had an unacceptably low rate of fire and low stopping effect of the bullet of the used cartridge, the Tokarev pistol still could not be produced in parallel with the "7, 62 mm Nagant revolver mod. 1895 until the end of World War II. The production of a pistol either decreased or increased in volume. In 1941, in connection with the advance of German troops to Tula, the USSR government decided to transfer the production of Tokarev pistols to the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. However, after the evacuation of the equipment, the Tula gunsmiths were able to establish a small-scale production of pistols, repairing obsolete machines and tools, as well as repairing old pistols coming from the front. After stopping the offensive of the Wehrmacht near Moscow, production at the Tula Arms Plant was restored within a few months. Pistols produced during the war years were distinguished by poor workmanship and surface treatment, as well as wooden handle cheeks. The post-war production of Tokarev pistols was carried out at the Tula and Izhevsk factories.

TT received its baptism of fire in 1938-1939. in the battles at Khalkhin Gol and near Lake Khasan, and then used during the Soviet-Finnish "Winter" war of 1939-1940. During the years of the participation of the USSR in the Second World War, Tokarev pistols were most widely used in all branches of the Red Army. In the Finnish army, captured TTs were used until the end of the 1950s. They can be distinguished by the brand with the letters "SA" in a rectangle located on the left side of the frame, above the butt plate of the handle. In the Wehrmacht, Tokarev pistols were in service as weapons of a limited standard under the designation Pistole 615 (r) and were available mainly in the rear and security units of the Wehrmacht and the police. TT pistols, along with other samples of Soviet small arms, were used in the Russian national armies of the RONA, the 1st RNA, the Russian Corps and the KONR Armed Forces operating on the side of the Third Reich, as well as in various formations of the SS Troops consisting of Slavs and Cossacks. It should be clarified here that out of approximately 1.24 million citizens of the USSR in parts of the Wehrmacht from 1940 to 1945. about 400,000 Russians and 250,000 Ukrainians served, fighting against the Bolshevik terror. After the war, in 1946, the production technology was improved again. The shutter-casing of the modernized pistol has a corrugated notch, instead of alternating large and small grooves, but this year pistols with a large alternating notch were also produced. Production continued until the end of 1953. Total from 1930 to 1953. about 1,740,000 pistols were produced, of which about 4,700 were pistols of the 1930 model. In the armed forces of the USSR, the Tokarev pistol was used until the 1970s.

Incomplete disassembly of the TT

During combat use Tokarev's weapons demonstrated high fighting qualities. The pistol has a high penetrating effect of a bullet and a long firing range, as well as high accuracy of firing at long distances, which is due to a flat flight path and a high muzzle velocity. The weapon has a small width, in the absence of strongly protruding parts. Placing the trigger in a separate unit greatly facilitates the care of weapons and eliminates the risk of losing small parts. Ease of handling is ensured by a single-acting trigger. Such a trigger is optimal for pistols used in real combat operations, as it has the simplest principle of operation and design. But there were also shortcomings. Constant pressure mainspring with the trigger put on the safety platoon, leads to its gradual draft and a reduction in survivability. Weak fixation of the magazine with a latch, which leads to its spontaneous loss. Over time, the earring wears out, which leads to delays in firing. The possibility of breaking the sear, in case of severe wear, when the pistol falls on the trigger, set to the safety cock, which entails a spontaneous shot if the cartridge is in the chamber. The small angle of inclination of the handle does not provide the accuracy of "instinctive" aiming when shooting offhand. Due to the reduced quality of the steel, wartime weapons could only withstand 700 to 800 shots without failure.

To ensure reliable operation of the weapon, it is necessary to store the pistol with the trigger released and without a cartridge in the chamber, replace the magazine latch spring with a stronger one, and when disassembling, before separating the slide delay, you must first separate the barrel guide sleeve and unload the return spring, which prolongs its service life . The most reliable and having best quality manufacturing are considered pistols manufactured at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant in the period from 1947 to 1953. This circumstance is explained by the well-established production technology and a significant reduction in the output plan. high quality also possessed TTs produced at the Tula Arms Plant before the USSR entered World War II. High-quality samples withstand up to 10,000 shots. Despite the adoption of the Makarov pistol in 1951, the TT was in service Soviet army until the early 1960s, and law enforcement agencies- until the mid-1970s. Currently, TT is used in the police, VOKhR-e, hunting supervision, fish supervision and other organizations, as well as by operatives of special forces groups.

The Tokarev pistol and its modifications after the Second World War became widespread throughout the world. Their production was established in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, China, North Korea, Vietnam and Iraq. Pistols designed by Tokarev were in service with more than 35 countries around the world. These weapons have participated in every major and minor armed conflict throughout the 20th century and continue to be used in modern warfare areas. The wide popularity of the TT is a result of a combination of its low cost, high combat qualities, as well as ease of handling and maintenance. The opinion of an employee of a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation with extensive combat experience about the TT: “A lot has been said about him, quite a bit can be added. More suitable for military use when given in combat readiness. For its relatively small dimensions, one of powerful pistols in the world. And it is much more pleasant to the touch, for example, PYa and all sorts of Glocks. Completely unsuitable for urban shooting and self-defense. The large penetrating power of the bullet and the lack of self-cocking can lead to prison (right through and into a random passerby) or to the cemetery (you need to have time to cock the trigger).” Karden

The main and most attractive for both special forces soldiers, and for shooting enthusiasts and weapon collectors, is the powerful 7.62 × 25 TT cartridge, originally created for the C-96 “pistol-carbine” and having a very high, for pistol cartridge, penetrating action of the bullet and good ballistic qualities - the bullet has a flat flight path, which facilitates aiming when firing at long distances. When using cartridges with high-performance expansion bullets, such as Wolf Gold JHP, the stopping effect is also significantly increased. It is the shooting of these cartridges that is the highlight of the TT, along with the ascetic design and simplicity. The wide popularity of variants under 9mm Parabellum is explained by the lower distribution of 7.62 × 25 TT cartridges and their greater cost than 9 mm cartridges. Currently, the TT pistol is consistently in demand among fans of shooting from military weapons in the United States and Europe. The largest producer is China, leading large-scale exports. But the downside Chinese weapons is less high, in comparison with European, quality. TTs produced in Serbia are not limited to using only 7.62x25 TT and 9mm Parabellum cartridges, but are also chambered for other popular pistol cartridges.

One of the best pistols based on the TT design is definitely the M57, created in Yugoslavia at the Zastava enterprise and currently produced by Zastava Arms (Zastava oružje) for export to various countries of the world, including countries Western Europe and the United States of America. Compared to the Tokarev pistol, the design of the M57 has a number of changes that have significantly improved the ergonomics and safety of handling weapons. The most important change was the flag fuse, when turned on, the blocking trigger mechanism and the shutter-casing. Its oversized lever is very easy to handle and makes it easy to bring the weapon to full combat readiness even when it is drawn. In addition, the handle was lengthened, which increased the capacity of the magazine by one round, and the magazine latch was enlarged. In 1990, the Hungarian T-58 pistol, a modernized version of the Tokagypt 58, entered the international arms market. This weapon has ergonomic grip cheeks, like the P.38, and a safety lever on the left side of the frame. The pistol uses 9mm Parabellum and 7.62×25 TT cartridges. The kit includes 9mm and 7.62mm barrels and matching magazines. The T-58 is the most advanced version of the TT. The weapon itself, created by Fedor Tokarev, still has great potential for modernization.

Variants and modifications

7.62 mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930- the first serial modification, only in 1930-1933. no more than 93 thousand pieces were produced.

(pre-war production) - in order to improve manufacturability in production, changes were made to the design of the trigger mechanism (trigger rod and uncoupler), the shape of the barrel and frame was simplified (the rear wall of the handle was made one-piece, without a detachable cover). By June 22, 1941, about 600,000 TT pistols had entered service with the Red Army.

7.62 mm training self-loading pistol mod. 1933- a training version of the Tokarev pistol, produced before the war. It differed from the combat one only in carbolite cheeks, painted green (and not black). The letters "UCH" were embossed next to the serial number.

7.62 mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933(wartime release) - differed by a simplified design and the worst quality of processing parts; some pistols were equipped with wooden cheeks.

7.62 mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933(post-war issue)

Sports weapon

Tokarev Sportowy- a Polish-made sports pistol chambered for a small-caliber cartridge .22 Long Rifle with liners in the form of a standard chamber chambered for 7.62 × 25 mm.

in the 1950s in the USSR on the basis of TT was created sports and training pistol R-3 under a small-caliber 5.6-mm cartridge, which had a free shutter.

in May 2012 in Russia, the TT pistol was certified as a sporting weapon under the name sports pistol S-TT.

Traumatic weapon

Based on the pistol, several variants of traumatic civilian self-defense weapons have been developed.

VPO-501 "Leader"- "barrelless" traumatic pistol chambered for 10 × 32 mm T. Designed and produced since 2005 by the Vyatka-Polyansky machine-building plant "Molot". In accordance with forensic requirements, changes have been made to the design, excluding the possibility of firing live ammunition.

VPO-509 "Leader-M"- "barrelless" traumatic pistol chambered for 11.43 × 32 mm T. Developed by the Vyatka-Polyansky machine-building plant "Hammer".

TT-T- a traumatic pistol chambered for 10 × 28 mm T. Developed and produced at OJSC Zavod im. V. A. Degtyarev. On sale since 2011. It has structural differences from the combat TT: barrel with removed rifling; there is one partition-pin in the channel, which prevents the firing of a solid object.