Sometimes painful growths appear on the trees, which are popularly called "witch's broom." At first glance, this benign formation in its shape resembles a human head. That is why it is generally accepted that the name of the growth comes from the ancient Slavic word "cap". It means "head" in translation.

Where can you find growths on trees

Caps are found on walnuts and oaks, on aspens, and however, the most common growth is found on birch. Cap is a bundle of thin twigs that grow from a drop-shaped neoplasm. Weigh "witch broom" can be about a ton.

stem? This is a growth that is located directly on the trunk of a tree. What is a kapokoren? This is a growth that has formed at the very root neck of the tree. Sometimes it can be seen above earth's surface. An underground burl grows on the roots. He is found on the run. Releases their cap in early spring. These shoots are not viable and quickly wither. Sometimes burl is found on tree branches.

The beauty of amazing material

If you make a cross section of the burl, you can find its structure, in which the cores of the knots are pronounced. The drawing of such material is always very beautiful. Due to the accumulation of unblown buds, the cut is an amazingly beautiful picture of knots, curls and twisted fibers. At the same time, the pattern for each cap is strictly individual.

The burl formed on trees with a striped texture of fibers and contrasting color combinations is distinguished by its special beauty. Pine growths have such characteristics. However, they are quite rare on these trees.

You can find black dots in the texture of the kapokorn. They are located among the light stem fibers. These black dots are nothing more than non-viable shoots that release underground neoplasms.

Where is cap used?

As a material for carving, the build-up on the tree is not of particular value. Its rugged surface and striped mottled texture interfere with each other. When making crafts in this way, the relief of the carving does not look and the pattern of weaves and stains disappears.

Numerous areas of the burl have a mother-of-pearl tint. That is why this material, which has no special industrial significance, is valued very dearly. Burl products are mainly caskets and women's hairpins, cigarette cases and various small jewelry, bowls and chess and powder boxes, ink devices, and the material is also used to make knife handles.

What is cap in industry? This is a material that is used in the decoration of furniture. In this case, the growths formed on exotic trees are taken and used as veneer.

What is a cap for a master? It is a material that does not warp, crack, shrink or swell and is excellently processed. In addition, it is heavy and durable.

Where to find cap?

Growths grow on trees. Therefore, it is necessary to look for them in the forest. However, it is not so easy, because caps grow spontaneously, and only the most stubborn and big-eyed can see them. You can cut off the build-up only with a very sharply sharpened saw.
It is most realistic to find a cap at logging sites. There, these growths fall into the waste. At logging sites, there are also kapokorni, which you simply cannot find in the forest.

Preparation of material for work

Cap can be found on various types trees. However, the most beautiful and valuable in our area is the growth that has arisen on a birch.

Cap products are not obtained immediately. The material needs some pre-training. How to handle birch burl? To do this, you need to use the steaming method. It is suitable for those growths that are not very large in size. The cap is cleared of debris, placed in an unnecessary pan and filled with water. Then salt must be added to the container. For a liter of water, its dosage is two tablespoons with a top. Salt can be poured and more. She will draw the juice from the tree. With this method, sawdust obtained during the processing of resinous wood species is also used. They need to be put into a bowl. The sawdust gives the burl a pleasant color that can range from yellowish-pink to brownish-buff. The resins found in the sawdust will add strength to the build-up and allow the texture to show up brighter.

After boiling water, the fire should be slightly reduced and the pan left on the stove for six to eight hours. As scale builds up, it should be removed. In the process of steaming, it is necessary to monitor the volume of water in the pan and periodically add it.

At the end of the “cooking”, the build-up is washed from sawdust under running water and placed in a closet for a day or two. After that, the whole process should be repeated at least two to four times. During the last cooking, while the tree has not cooled down, you should peel off the bark from it, and at the end put the growth in a closet for one to two weeks.

Having completely dried out, the cap in its characteristics will become similar to the bone. The material prepared in this way is excellently cut, sawn and polished. At the same time, it will not have any foreign odors.

Making caskets

Crafts made from birch burl in their beauty are not inferior to souvenirs made of wood and even surpass them. Often magnificent caskets are made from this material.

In the process of work, the burl boards are carefully connected to each other, making sure that their texture pattern is similar. A very responsible operation is the manufacture of wooden hinges. This stage requires precise formation of rounded spikes and grooves on the edges of the cover and body of the product. The hinges must fit snugly and accurately. Another difficult operation is drilling holes. In wooden hinges, this is easiest to do with thin steel wire. At the next stage, a lock crashes into the box. The product is almost ready. It should only be puttied, dried thoroughly and coated with alkaline varnish. After completion of these works, the box is treated with polish and wiped with alcohol. The product is polished until the wood acquires and all the veins of its amazing texture play brightly.

cane decoration

Using a cap, you can make a great gift for an elderly person with your own hands. The work can be done even by a novice. Hollow cylinders should be alternately put on a tube or a metal rod, which are previously machined from birch kapokorn. Details should be tightly fitted to each other, creating the impression of a single whole. A carved or smooth birch handle can crown such a cane.

Burl bowl

Various souvenirs can be made from wooden growths. Popular burl products are decorative bowls. A rough blank is made from a little raw material. Next, the blank is left to dry. If small cracks form in it, then they are lubricated with PVA glue. After the final drying, the product is given the necessary shape, it is ground, polished and varnished.

If, while walking through the forest, you notice a growth on a birch, what is the name of this phenomenon and how can it be used, wood carving experts will definitely tell you. They already know exactly how to distinguish a mushroom from a high-quality decorative material. If you don’t have such acquaintances, then having delved a little into this topic, you can easily distinguish them on your own.

What causes a growth on a birch?

The reasons for the appearance of a build-up on a birch are different depending on the nature of this neoplasm:

  • In the case when the nature of the growth is due to infection of the plant, then the cause may be spores of fungi or harmful bacteria;
  • Appearance caps (cap) is due to the fact that the kidney with new branch cannot break through the thick bark, however, processes initiated in the trunk of the tree due to growth facilitate delivery instead of budding nutrients. Accordingly, favorable conditions are created there and more and more buds appear, which also cannot be born;
  • The cause of the growth on the trunk of a plant can also be a fungus or mechanical damage to the trunk.

Thus, various fungal pathogens are the most dangerous for birch. They provoke a large number of wood diseases, including growths. But besides this, they can cause damage to the bark and leaves. Much less often, the causes of diseases are bacteria and even more rarely, pathologies in the development of the tree itself.

However, it must be remembered that external causes, such as damage to the trunks or contaminated environment make them the most vulnerable. Therefore, it is in our power to take care of nature:

  1. Reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere;
  2. Do not hammer nails into trees when outdoors;
  3. Do not peel live bark from the trunk for crafts;
  4. Do not injure or damage the barrel.

Perhaps this way we will help the trees not to get sick.

What is chaga?

If you noticed a growth on a tree trunk, you were probably interested in what it is. In the case when the outgrowths are black and irregular shape, and the color of the inside is from brown to red, most likely it is birch mushroom - chaga.

He is able to settle deciduous trees, For example:

  1. Rowan;
  2. Alder;
  3. maple;
  4. birch.

As a result of contact with the affected area of ​​the bark of a pathogenic fungus, chaga begins to develop in the stem of the plant. It looks like a comb-like growth with veins inside. Gradually, it absorbs the tree and penetrates deeper into the trunk. It happens that chaga encircles a tree in a circle. As a result, it dies.

Chaga grows for at least twenty years and at the same time feeds on birch sap and beneficial substances found in wood.

Unfortunately, such mushrooms often massively affect birch groves And deciduous forests. However, in traditional medicine they are highly valued. On their basis, decoctions, means for inhalation and other dosage forms are made.

They help a lot in the treatment of various diseases:

  • Oncology;
  • Women's and men's diseases;
  • With weakened immunity;
  • Joint problems.

However, before you start collecting tree fungus, read the contraindications.

What is a cap?

Cap is another type of growth on a tree. He is a bunch of unblown branches and buds under a layer of bark.

From the natural thorns on the body of the capa, small branches can grow, which is why it is popularly called the "witch's broom."

Most often, such lesions of the cortex can be found on:

  • birches;
  • Dubach;
  • aspens;
  • Nuts.

Such formations can occur on a tree as a result of a failure in its development. This may be influenced by natural conditions, and the harm caused from outside. Sometimes this tree disease is inherited.

Caps are extremely rare. In order to find it, it is necessary to examine up to several thousand trees.

Thus, it is a piece of modified wood. Craftsmen use it to produce various wood crafts because of the beautiful natural coloring of the insides. It should be noted that the burl is much stronger than the wood of the tree on which it grows.

Chaga and capa: differences

Having become acquainted with two types of growths on trees, you can easily see their difference:

  1. The cause of the appearance of the fungus is a sterile, that is, a barren spore that has fallen on an injured plant, while a cap is the result of an improper development of the tree itself;
  2. The mushroom has a corresponding structure, and the burl is made of wood;
  3. The fungus has medicinal properties, burl is used for decorative purposes and is a valuable item for wood carvers;
  4. Chaga eventually leads the plant to death, and with a burl the plant can live for a long time, since such an outgrowth, although painful for a birch, is not an infectious disease;
  5. Chaga can be treated, but the cap can only be cut off;
  6. Chaga is quite common, while cap is a rare sight;

Thus, the difference between these two types of birch growths is quite large. And now you can easily tell them apart.

What is a suvel?

Suvel is another type of tree growth. It is considered a cancer of the trunk and represents numerous shifts in different directions of the annual rings of the tree. It looks like a spherical outgrowth on the trunk of the same structure as the plant itself and is covered with bark. It grows quite quickly and can reach huge sizes.

The reason for the appearance of such a tree disease may be swipe on wood, its damage or fungus. Scientists have not come to a common conclusion on this issue. At the same time, it can be found on a birch much more often than, for example, cap.

In terms of density, the suvel is inferior to the burl, although it is often called a tree bone. This name is associated with its appearance in the context.

When cutting, the inner part of the growth shimmers with a delicate gloss and has a beautiful mysterious pattern of annual rings. The color scheme and pattern are not similar to each other. For these properties, cabinetmakers love suvel no less than cap.

Such a formation can be made artificially by pulling a tree trunk with wire. After a while, you will see a neoplasm on the trunk. But remember, even if a tree is able to live with such a pathology, any growths for him are a disease. And after you cut the growth, it will become much more susceptible to the influence of bacteria and fungi.

Thus, one of the tree diseases is the growth on the birch. What is the name of this or that education can be determined as appearance, and on the insides on the cut. In this case, the normal development of the tree in any case is already disrupted, which can lead to additional infection or death.

Video: birch growths - cap and suvel

In this video, dendrologist Leonid Lozhkin will show what growths are on trees and how they can be classified:

Views: 31046

15.05.2017

The tree is the most common plant on earth.

Nature is incredibly generous, since it gave a person not only the opportunity to admire the beauty of trunks and leaves, but also to extract practical benefits from wood, because for several thousand years people have been using wooden products in their everyday life, building houses, boats, making furniture and household utensils, producing musical instruments, handicrafts, etc.

To date, there is no material that can completely replace the wonderful natural properties of wood, since its density, color, texture, texture pattern and shades are unique in each case.



The natural originality of the wood pattern is especially evident in cape And suveli(spherical or teardrop-shaped growths on trees) that pundits defined as diseases.

These formations create a complex enchanting pattern of wood fibers inside, consisting of an interweaving of colored lines, spots, blotches, smoothly flowing into each other, which form, thus, a pattern of special beauty. Thanks to the richness of colors and lines, both burl and suvel are excellent natural material for the production of various handicrafts, decorations, interior items, since they have an exclusive texture (it is impossible to find two identical patterns in nature), and special strength and durability.

Let's try to determine how cap and suvel differ from each other, and what is common between them.

Cap

Cap ( kapokoren or as it is also popularly called witch broom"") is a rounded benign formation on a trunk or branch with big amount wood knots. Cap, just differs from suveli in that it has many bumps on its outer side, which are created thanks to adnexal and dormant buds. These formations look like dark spikes and tubercles, which is why, often on the cap, you can observe small shoots and twigs growing directly from it.



According to some scientists, a burl on a tree occurs as a result of either abrupt change in the development of a plant, that is, it can have both a natural and an anthropogenic cause of occurrence. Some scientists believe that the appearance of an ugly tumor on a tree may be a hereditary deformity.

Burl occurs mainly on deciduous trees, such as oak, linden, maple, alder, poplar, walnut, but most often it can be found on birch.

It has been noticed that on average, for one tree with a burl, there are from three to five thousand trees without such formation, so finding a good burl (unlike suveli) is quite difficult.

Most often, a root burl is found on trees, which can be simply gigantic in size.



Usually, kapokoren it has a softly expressed texture inside and a drawing that is weak in contrast of colors.

A burl formed on a branch often has the shape of an irregular ball and, unlike the kapokorn, when cross-sectioned, its internal texture is replete with patterns with knot cores and has a kind of “needle” structure in the form of a small ornament with dashes and dots. The internal fibers of the wood are intertwined with each other in different directions, creating a picturesque pattern, and interspersed with dormant buds make the texture even richer, so the burl is most often used as a decorative element in the manufacture of various handicrafts, knife handles, gun butts, original dishes and other souvenirs.

In processing, due to the strong density of its texture and the huge number of knots, the burl is not simple, but at the same time it is perfectly ground and polished.

The main color of the internal texture of the burl is various shades of black or brown, ocher. Even if you take two halves of the same cap, they will still be different and have a different pattern, so the structure of the build-up is heterogeneous.

The wood of the burl is stronger than that of the suveli, and fifty to seventy percent stronger than that of the tree on which it was formed.

Small items are also produced from burl: caskets, cigarette cases, hairpins, earrings, bracelets, small jewelry.



It does not make sense to create a carved pattern on the cap, since the texture and texture of wood is beautiful in itself.

Souvelle

The formation of suveli is caused by a tree disease (cancer) and it most often represents a growth twisted and woven into a ball, which is why it is also called swilem.

Typically, the swirl grows two to three times faster than the tree itself and has a teardrop or spherical shape, located around the trunk or branch. The main difference between suveli and burl is that it is formed not from dormant buds, but due to the complex interweaving of annual rings bent in different directions (hence the name svil). On this basis, the cones on the tree are easy to distinguish from each other.

Growths (especially on birch) are quite common, although the reason for its formation has not been fully studied. Presumably, a fungus or mechanical damage to the tree bark can initiate the formation of a stria.

Suvel (popularly called tree bone), since its cut resembles stains of marble (with the same overflows and radial section), and thin parts are visible through and outwardly similar to bone, although the density of tissues, as mentioned above, is less for suveli than for burl, therefore its wood is less durable.



The outgrowth of the suveli can grow to gigantic sizes (for example, in the Vatican there is a font carved from a single piece of wood). However, the finer the swirl, the richer and brighter the drawing inside, although the pattern with ornamental elements will in any case be softer (without patterns in the form of “thorns” and “needles”, which are obligatory for the burl).

The internal texture of the suvel has a delicate mother-of-pearl hue, and the colors of each can vary greatly and contain white, yellow (resembling the color of amber), as well as brown, pinkish and green colors. The shade of suveli depends on the place where the tree grows and how it is dried.

Suvel can be formed by yourself, for this it is enough to drag the trunk or branch of the tree with wire. In place of the constriction, a convex formation will soon appear, created by annual rings.

Souvelle also lends itself well to processing, well ground, polished, and its mother-of-pearl cut, reminiscent of marble, playing with stains, has a unique texture and, as it were, glows from the inside.

Undoubtedly, by the appearance of the suveli, it is possible to determine how much beautiful drawing, it is impossible, but the more clumsy and twisted the growth looks externally, the richer its texture and pattern inside will be.



The root (butt) part of the suveli is considered the most valuable. It is of interest to wood carvers, painters, knife makers, sculptors and cabinetmakers, who choose this material for its exclusivity in cut, high strength, rot resistance and unique workability.

Search and preparation of growths

Naturally, it is necessary to look for bulges on a tree in the forest. At the same time, many people confuse burl and sville with a fungus similar to them from the genus (Inonotus), which most often lives on birch and is called chaga or black birch mushroom.

It is necessary to learn to determine where the fungus is and where the growth is.



It is best to cut down the streak and burl in autumn (September-October), when the trees stop the natural movement of sap and begin preparations for winter.

It must be remembered that without a good saw, a suvel or cap, especially if they are very clumsy, is not easy to cut, so this work is best done with a chainsaw, but it must be remembered that the tool chains quickly become dull due to the special strength of the build-up.

If there is no chainsaw, you will have to work with a hand saw, but it must have sharply honed edges. a good divorce cloves so that the master does not torment himself or the tree, and in vain does not hurt him.

The place of the cut (to avoid the formation of a hollow that is undesirable for the tree) must be immediately covered with garden pitch, painted over with oil paint or covered with clay.



When a massive kapokornya, it must be remembered that its cut is fraught with serious consequences for the tree and as a result of the injury it may die.

All of the above properties, both burl and svit, elevate these unique materials to the top of their value among other types of wood, since they are used both in the decoration of various utilitarian items, as well as jewelry, small plastic and dishes.

May 19, 2015, 03:05 pm

Sometimes painful growths appear on the trees, which are popularly called "witch's broom." At first glance, this benign formation in its shape resembles a human head. That is why it is generally accepted that the name of the growth comes from the ancient Slavic word "cap". It means "head" in translation. Where to find growths on trees Caps are found on walnuts and oaks, aspens and black alders. However, the most common growth is on a birch. Cap is a bundle of thin twigs that grow from a drop-shaped neoplasm. Weigh "witch broom" can be about a ton. What is a stem cap? This is a growth that is located directly on the trunk of a tree. What is a kapokoren? This is a growth that has formed at the very root neck of the tree. Sometimes it can be seen above the earth's surface. An underground burl grows on the roots. He is found on the run. Releases their cap in early spring. These shoots are not viable and quickly wither. Sometimes burl is found on tree branches. The beauty of an amazing material If you make a cross section of the burl, you can find its structure, in which the cores of the knots are pronounced. The drawing of such material is always very beautiful. Due to the accumulation of unblown buds, the cut is an amazingly beautiful picture of knots, curls and twisted fibers. At the same time, the pattern for each cap is strictly individual. The burl formed on trees with a striped texture of fibers and contrasting color combinations is distinguished by its special beauty. Pine growths have such characteristics. However, they are quite rare on these trees. You can find black dots in the texture of the kapokorn. They are located among the light stem fibers. These black dots are nothing more than non-viable shoots that release underground neoplasms. Where is cap used? As a material for carving, the build-up on the tree is not of particular value. Its rugged surface and striped mottled texture interfere with each other. When making crafts in this way, the relief of the carving does not look and the pattern of weaves and stains disappears. As a material for carving, the build-up on the tree is not of particular value. Its rugged surface and striped mottled texture interfere with each other. When making crafts in this way, the relief of the carving does not look and the pattern of weaves and stains disappears. Numerous areas of the burl have a mother-of-pearl tint. That is why this material, which has no special industrial significance, is valued very dearly. Burl products are mainly boxes and women's hairpins, cigarette cases and various small jewelry, bowls and pipes, chess and powder boxes, ink utensils and spectacle cases. The material is also used for the manufacture of knife handles. What is cap in industry? This is a material that is used in the decoration of furniture. In this case, the growths formed on exotic trees are taken and used as veneer. What is a cap for a master? It is a material that does not warp, crack, shrink or swell and is excellently processed. In addition, it is heavy and durable. Where to find cap? Growths grow on trees. Therefore, it is necessary to look for them in the forest. However, it is not so easy, because caps grow spontaneously, and only the most stubborn and big-eyed can see them. You can cut off the build-up only with a very sharply sharpened saw. It is most realistic to find a cap at logging sites. There, these growths fall into the waste. At logging sites, there are also kapokorni, which you simply cannot find in the forest. Preparation of material for work Cap can be found on various types of trees. However, the most beautiful and valuable in our area is the growth that has arisen on a birch. Cap products are not obtained immediately. The material requires some preliminary preparation. How to process birch burl? To do this, you need to use the steaming method. It is suitable for those growths that are not very large in size. The cap is cleared of debris, placed in an unnecessary pan and filled with water. Then salt must be added to the container. For a liter of water, its dosage is two tablespoons with a top. Salt can be poured and more. She will draw the juice from the tree. With this method, sawdust obtained during the processing of resinous wood species is also used. They need to be put into a bowl. The sawdust gives the burl a pleasant color that can range from yellowish-pink to brownish-buff. The resins found in the sawdust will add strength to the build-up and allow the texture to show up brighter. After boiling water, the fire should be slightly reduced and the pan left on the stove for six to eight hours. As scale builds up, it should be removed. In the process of steaming, it is necessary to monitor the volume of water in the pan and periodically add it. At the end of the “cooking”, the build-up is washed from sawdust under running water and placed in a closet for a day or two. After that, the whole process should be repeated at least two to four times. During the last cooking, while the tree has not cooled down, you should peel off the bark from it, and at the end put the growth in a closet for one to two weeks. Having completely dried out, the cap in its characteristics will become similar to the bone. The material prepared in this way is excellently cut, sawn and polished. At the same time, it will not have any foreign odors. Making jewelry boxes Handicrafts made from birch burl are as beautiful as souvenirs made from Karelian birch wood, and even surpass them. Often magnificent caskets are made from this material. In the process of work, the burl boards are carefully connected to each other, making sure that their texture pattern is similar. A very responsible operation is the manufacture of wooden hinges. This stage requires precise formation of rounded spikes and grooves on the edges of the cover and body of the product. The hinges must fit snugly and accurately. Another difficult operation is drilling holes. In wooden hinges, this is easiest to do with thin steel wire. At the next stage, a lock crashes into the box. The product is almost ready. It should only be puttied, dried thoroughly and coated with alkaline varnish. After completion of these works, the box is treated with polish and wiped with alcohol. The product is polished until the wood acquires an amber color and until all the veins of its amazing texture play brightly. Cane decoration Using a cap, you can make a great gift for an elderly person with your own hands. The work can be done even by a novice. Hollow cylinders should be alternately put on a tube or a metal rod, which are previously machined from birch kapokorn. Details should be tightly fitted to each other, creating the impression of a single whole. A carved or smooth birch handle can crown such a cane. Burl bowl Various souvenirs can be made from wooden growths. Popular burl products are decorative bowls. A rough blank is made from a little raw material. Next, the blank is left to dry. If small cracks form in it, then they are lubricated with PVA glue. After the final drying, the product is given the necessary shape, it is ground, polished and varnished.-

Cap- an outgrowth on a tree with an abnormal structure of wood, formed by local growth of many densely seated adnexal dormant buds. Sometimes a few of these hundreds and thousands of undeveloped buds germinate and sprout.

Burl on the tree - ash

The ancient Slavic word "cap" means "head": usually the growth really has a rounded shape. Other old Russian names: bolona, ​​vyl, smelting, vyplyv, influx, zavoy, paport, roll, goiter, swirl, brush. In some sources, the burl is also called the "witch's broom" or "vortex's nest", which is not entirely correct, since these names denote a completely different tree pathology.

Cap is formed on all deciduous (mainly) and coniferous trees. In Russian latitudes, it can be found on birch, poplar, maple, linden, aspen, oak, ash, elm, walnut.
The size of the burl varies from a few centimeters to several meters in section. It takes decades, or even more than half a century, for the formation of a build-up of medium size.
Cap is a rather rare occurrence, and finding at least one specimen in the forest is a great success. However, there are trees with several or even many growths. As well as places with a cluster of burl trees.


Caps on the tree - birch

Usually caps are divided into stem and basal.
The stem burl is formed on thick branches or trunk and can be lateral (developing on one side, most often southern) or circular (capturing a branch or trunk in a ring).
Root outgrowth - kapokoren - is formed on the root collar or roots of a tree. In the first case, it is above the ground, in the second case, it is completely hidden and can be detected in spring along young shoots near the main tree trunk, which quickly die.
A tree can simultaneously have caps of different types.


If you remove the bark from the burl, then an uneven, embossed surface will open under it, completely covered with needle-like, serrated and pineal tubercles - these are undeveloped buds.


There is already a rudimentary ring structure around each dormant bud.


dormant buds

→ Tree protection - antiseptik.info

Why does the cap appear

Researchers have not come to a consensus regarding the causes of the formation of growths.
The most natural explanation is that the adnexal bud that has appeared cannot grow through the thick and hard bark and freezes. However, the growth processes that have begun are accompanied by an influx of nutrients to this place and the production of plant hormones, so new buds begin to form nearby, which also become dormant, and so on.

Opponents insist that this is not without impact external factors natural or anthropogenic. In particular, mechanical damage to the cortex (by animals, birds, people, rampant elements, etc.) at the site of a dormant kidney. This assumption confirms the fact that on plantations walnut where it is actively used vegetative propagation grafting (which is actually an injury), a burl often develops on a rootstock below the grafting site. When the fruiting period of the nut comes out, the tree is dug up along with the burl that has grown to a solid size by that time and is sold as a secondary product.

According to other versions, the formation of a cap can be caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, weather anomalies(like sudden spring frosts), changes in ecology and background radiation, special mineral composition soil, geological faults, groundwater.

According to the conclusions of Soviet scientists, the formation of a burl is a biologically useful, protective property for trees, acquired in the process of evolution in response to unfavourable conditions external environment. Moreover, it is a genetically fixed (hereditary) quality. In the Moscow region and the Kirov region, successful attempts were made to cultivate trees with outgrowths using planting material from burl birches (seeds and cuttings for grafting). It was noted that such trees are more viable and hardy.

The heterogeneous structure of the cap gives a unique highly decorative pattern in a tangential section: dark dots are the cores of dormant buds, sinuous areas are elongated and twisted annual layers. In the radial section, light and dark rays are distinguishable.
A wide palette of burl colors includes various shades of milky, brown, green, pink. The color depends on the type of tree, the conditions of its growth, the place where the thickening is formed.
The texture of the stem growth is richer than that of the kapokorn, and the burl of valuable and exotic tree species is more expressive compared to ordinary ones.
On a fresh saw cut, the texture is weakly expressed; for its manifestation, the influx is subjected to grinding, toning and polishing. As a result, a picturesque pattern and multicolor appear, muffled shine and overflows appear in the light.
Burl pattern is often compared with malachite and marble. Comparison with stone is also successful because the build-up is characterized by increased density and hardness and is heavier than the mother wood.


Texture of birch burl

The burl is used in its entirety to create artistic products, in veneer - for finishing exclusive items and furniture. Burls of thuja, myrtle, camphor and some other trees retain their characteristic aroma even after processing.