The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. "The Cambridge History of the Ancient World The Cambridge History of the Ancient World Volume 1

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Pages: 1112

The year of publishing: 2011

Language: Russian

The book "Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean. About 525-479 BC." is a translation of the fourth volume of the famous second edition of The Cambridge Ancient History. The period covered by this volume was a time of such events and such historical changes, which were of tremendous importance for the Mediterranean world. The first part of the book deals with early history Medes and Persians, the emergence and strengthening of the Persian state, the main regions that were part of it, as well as the history of its expansion during the reign of Cyrus, Darius and Xerxes - up to the moment when this great empire reached the limits of its growth. The second part is devoted to the history of Hellas, where during the period under review Sparta became the leader of the military-political coalition of Greek city-states, and Athens went from enlightened tyranny to moderate democracy with its entrepreneurial activity and political foresight. A clash between the Persian Empire, which had almost reached the natural limits of its expansion, and the alliance of the freedom-loving and booming Greek cities was inevitable. In the most important chapters of this book, the causes and course of the Ionian Greek uprising against Persian domination are set out, as well as the history of two Persian invasions of Hellas, including three epic battles - Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis. The third part of the volume is turned to the western Mediterranean, while the presentation goes beyond chronological framework indicated in the title of the book. In the history of this region, Italy is gradually becoming a very important factor, so here the Italic peoples and their languages from the late Bronze Age to the Iron Age, as well as the Etruscans and their culture are considered. The final chapter is devoted to Sicily: the local tribes that inhabited the island since ancient times, social, economic and cultural development the main Greek colonies, the emergence and strengthening of tyrannical regimes, as well as the first clash between the Greeks and the Punians, culminating in the battle of Himera, in which the Greek city-states under the leadership of Gelon of Syracuse and Theron of Acragas managed to repel the Carthaginian attack.

Reviews

Larisa, Ryazan, 06.09.2017
And although here you need to confirm the download of the SMS (probably protection from bots), I’m still happy - I need books for work (I’m a novice teacher of philosophy), but I don’t want to go to the library, let alone buy. Quality e-books arranges.

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Plan:

1 About the translation of the name
2 The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"
3 Original (or "old") CAH
- 3.1 general information
- 3.2 Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version of CAH
- 3.3 Valuation of the "old" CAH
4 New option CAH
- 4.1 Revised (or "interim") edition of CAH volumes I and II
- 4.2 Third edition of volumes I-II of CAH
- 4.3 New edition of the rest of the CAH (Vols III-XIV)
5 Composition of the current CAH
6 Russian translation CAH

Introduction

The Cambridge Ancient History. (Cambridge History ancient world. Several volumes of the 2nd and 3rd editions).

"Cambridge History of the Ancient World"(English) , abbr.: CAH) is the largest English-language reference edition on ancient history; published by the publisher University of Cambridge. Represents the total sum modern knowledge about the main aspects historical development Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - until 324 AD).

It is one of the three main Cambridge stories" (together with The Cambridge Modern History And The Cambridge Medieval History), representing the British version of "general history".

1. About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated (including in scientific works) as " Cambridge Ancient History" (or " cambridge ancient history"). This option is not quite correct for two reasons: firstly, in its meaning, it would have to mean the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you make a reverse translation of this name, it should turn out The Ancient History of Cambridge; second, the word Ancient» in the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East; however Russian word"antiquity" (like the adjective "antique") has a special meaning and is usually applied to ancient greece and to ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the ancient East.

2. The project of "universal" Cambridge stories»

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The Cambridge Ancient History.

The project to create a comprehensive work that consistently tells the historical process from ancient times to the present dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, Regius Professor modern history in Cambridge, developed a plan for publishing The Cambridge Modern History("The Cambridge History of Modernity"). The idea was that each chapter was written by a separate author, an expert on the topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was maintained so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and quotations from sources were to be translated into English language. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The plan for publishing The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also drafted the publication of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

These three large-scale series, by the very fact of their existence, finally consolidated the dominance of the three-part periodization in the Western concept of historical time (Ancient World - Middle Ages - New (modern) history).

3. Original (or "old") CAH

3.1. general information

The original version of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World was published between 1923 and 1939. 8 volumes were originally planned. However, by the third volume, this scheme was broken: what should have been volume III became volumes III and IV. As a result, 12 text volumes and 5 volumes with illustrations appeared.

J. Bury, the initiator of the project, was the editor of the first six volumes; S. Cook and F. Adcock worked on all twelve volumes; M. Charlesworth - over volumes from VII to XII, and N. Baines was among the editors of the last, XII volume. Among all essential role owned by Adcock.

The authors of the first five volumes were predominantly British scholars, but from Volume VI the international involvement became more prominent. "Cambridge" this enterprise was by no means in terms of the composition of the participants, but in terms of publishing, as well as according to the principles laid down in " The Cambridge Modern History". However, editors CAH some exceptions have been made to these rules. Thus, in the first volumes devoted to the East and Greece, the principle of strict editorial control over the uniformity and consistency of the text was not fully observed: in the preface to Volume I, the editors speak of "overlaps" in certain topics "where there is so much ambiguity", and directly admit that the authors may not agree with each other.

3.2. Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on ancient history region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

3.3. Rating "old" CAH

Cover of Volume IV of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World, 1954.

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for either the average reader, who could easily get confused in numerous unexplained details, or serious researchers and teachers who needed more links to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses and interpretations of events.

Another shortcoming pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned preoccupation with politics and military history. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other, ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs, are written by different authors, while the editor is entrusted with the task of combining the fruits of this massive production into a whole.

Nevertheless, many chapters of the "old" CAH have not yet lost their scientific significance and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant areas of antiquity science. This, for example, fully applies to chapters and sections of chapters written by M. I. Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI).

4. New option CAH

4.1. Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

As mentioned above, the first two volumes, published in 1923 and republished in 1924, became obsolete even before their publication. However, their revised edition ( Revised Edition) had to wait almost forty years. When the decision was finally made to release it, another problem arose - the editors could not receive manuscripts from all the authors participating in the project at the same time. Therefore, a revised edition of the first two volumes was published from 1961 to 1971 in the form of separate issues (fascicles; 71 in total).

There was no point in correcting the old version, so a fundamentally new text was written. Most of the works now included in the bibliography were "new", that is, published after 1923. No conscious cuts were made to the earlier bibliography. This circumstance clearly shows what a huge amount of work was done by historians of the ancient Near East in the period between the beginning of the 20s and the beginning of the 60s. XX century.

4.2. Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

Between 1970 and 1975 separate issues of the revised edition of the first two volumes were brought together, finalized and published in the 3rd edition in four semi-volumes (volume I: part 1 and part 2; volume II: part 1 and part 2).

4.3. New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

After that, there was a pause, during which a revision of the structure was carried out CAH. Release of the rest CAH began in 1982. The entire series was completed in 2005. The material has been revised and expanded chronologically and thematically.

Due to the sharply increased research interest in late antiquity, the new edition ends not in 324 (with the establishment of the autocracy of Constantine), but in 602 (with the death of Emperor Mauritius). Thus, CAH ceased to chronologically fit in with The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages and grew from 12 volumes to 14, consisting of 19 books of about a thousand pages each (the first two volumes, as said, are divided into four semi-volumes, and the third volume consists of three parts).

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, system government controlled, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Each chapter, as in all other Cambridge stories, is written by a separate author. The team of authors is international. Interestingly, the number of authors from the University of Oxford outnumbers those from the University of Cambridge, which the Oxford reviewers note without any satisfaction.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New», « New».

5. Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).
Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IV. Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 B.C. 1988. (2nd ed.).
Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VI. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VII. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VII. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69. 1996. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.
Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

6. Russian translation CAH

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Vol. III, part 3.

The project to publish the Russian translation of "The Cambridge Ancient History" (volumes 2 and 3) is carried out by the Moscow publishing house "Ladomir". So far, only one book has been translated from the entire large series:

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 3, Part 3: Expansion of the Greek world. VIII-VI centuries BC. e. Ed. J. Boardman and N.-J.-L. Hammond. Per. from English, preparation of the text, foreword and notes by A. V. Zaikov. M.: Ladomir, 2007. 653 p. ISBN 978-5-86218-467-9

Notes

According to Peter Rhodes; see his article: P. J. Rhodes: The Cambridge Ancient History - www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1999/rhodes.html
See "Preface" to Volume I of the 1924 edition, pp. VIII-IX (CAH. Vol. I. 2nd ed., 1924).
1 2 Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, no. 1 (1963), p. 116. - www.jstor.org/pss/597772
Collingwood R. J. The Idea of History. Autobiography. M.: Nauka, 1980. S. 142.
For CAH M. I. Rostovtsev wrote the following chapters: “Ptolemaic Egypt”, “Syria and the East”, “Pergamum”, “Rhodes, Delos and Hellenistic Trade”, “Bosporan Kingdom”, “Pontus and Its Neighbors”, “Sarmatians and Parthians ". Work on the "Cambridge" chapters was connected with the plans of M. I. Rostovtsev to write his famous book "Social and economic history Hellenistic world. The Russian original of two chapters - "Ptolemaic Egypt" and "Syria and the East" were published first in the journal VDI (for 1999 and 2000), and then in a more complete version in the book: Parthian Shot. M., 2003. Pp. 318-387.

Literature

P.J. Rhodes, The Cambridge Ancient History, in: HISTOS (The Electronic Journal of Ancient Historiography at the University of Durham). Vol. 3 (1999). - www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1999/rhodes.html

Plan
Introduction
1 About translation of the name
2 The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"
3 Original (or "old") CAH
3.1 General information
3.2 Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version of CAH
3.3 Valuation of the "old" CAH

4 New CAH variant
4.1 Revised (or "interim") edition of CAH volumes I and II
4.2 Third edition of volumes I-II of CAH
4.3 New edition of the rest of CAH (Vols III-XIV)

5 Composition of the current CAH
6 Russian translation CAH
Bibliography

Introduction

"The Cambridge History of the Ancient World" (eng. The Cambridge Ancient History, abbr.: CAH) - the largest English-language reference book on ancient history; published by Cambridge University Press. It is a comprehensive summary of modern knowledge about the main aspects of the historical development of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - until 324 AD). It is one of the three main "Cambridge histories" (together with The Cambridge Modern History and The Cambridge Medieval History), which is the British version of "general history".

1. About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated (including in scientific works) as " Cambridge Ancient History" (or " cambridge ancient history"). This option is not quite correct for two reasons: firstly, in its meaning, it would have to mean the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you make a reverse translation of this name, it should turn out The Ancient History of Cambridge; second, the word Ancient» in the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East; however, the Russian word "antiquity" (like the adjective "ancient") has a special meaning and is usually applied to ancient Greece and ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the ancient East.

2. The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The Cambridge Ancient History .

The project to create a comprehensive work that consistently tells the historical process from ancient times to the present dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge, developed a plan for publishing The Cambridge Modern History("The Cambridge History of Modernity"). The idea was that each chapter was written by a separate author, an expert on the topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was maintained so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and quotations from sources had to be translated into English. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The plan for publishing The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also drafted the publication of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

Original (or "old") CAH

general information

Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the ancient history of the region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Rating "old" CAH

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for the average reader, who could easily get confused in the many unexplained details, nor for serious researchers and teachers, who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

Another shortcoming pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned preoccupation with political and military history characteristic of the first edition. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other, ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs, are written by different authors, while the editor is entrusted with the task of combining the fruits of this massive production into a whole.

4. New CAH option

Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

Between 1970 and 1975 separate editions of the revised edition of the first two volumes were brought together, finalized and published in the 3rd edition in the form of four semi-volumes (volume I: part 1 and part 2; volume II: part 1 and part 2).

New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, public administration system, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New », « New ».

5. Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).

Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).

Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).

Introduction

1. About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated (including in scientific works) as " Cambridge Ancient History" (or " cambridge ancient history"). This option is not quite correct for two reasons: firstly, in its meaning, it would have to mean the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you make a reverse translation of this name, it should turn out The Ancient History of Cambridge; second, the word Ancient» in the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East; however, the Russian word "antiquity" (like the adjective "ancient") has a special meaning and is usually applied to ancient Greece and ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the ancient East.

2. The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The Cambridge Ancient History.

The project to create a comprehensive work that consistently tells the historical process from ancient times to the present dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge, developed a plan for publishing The Cambridge Modern History("The Cambridge History of Modernity"). The idea was that each chapter was written by a separate author, an expert on the topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was maintained so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and quotations from sources had to be translated into English. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The plan for publishing The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also drafted the publication of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

Original (or "old") CAH

general information

Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the ancient history of the region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Rating "old" CAH

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for the average reader, who could easily get confused in the many unexplained details, nor for serious researchers and teachers, who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

4. New CAH option

Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, public administration system, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New», « New».

5. Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).

Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).

Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).

Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).

Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).

Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).

Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).

Vol. IV. Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 B.C. 1988. (2nd ed.).

Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VI. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VII. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VII. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).

Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).

Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69. 1996. (2nd ed.).

Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).

Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).

Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.

Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

6. Russian translation CAH

So far, only one book has been translated from the entire large series.

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 3, Part 3: Expansion of the Greek world. VIII-VI centuries BC. e. Ed. J. Boardman and N.-J.-L. Hammond. Per. from English, preparation of the text, foreword and notes by A. V. Zaikov. M.: Ladomir, 2007. 653 p. ISBN 978-5-86218-467-9

Bibliography:

According to Peter Rhodes; see his article: P. J. Rhodes: The Cambridge Ancient History

See "Preface" to Volume I of the 1924 edition, pp. VIII-IX (CAH. Vol. I. 2nd ed., 1924).

Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, no. 1 (1963), p. 116.

Collingwood R. J. The Idea of History. Autobiography. M.: Nauka, 1980. S. 142.

For CAH M. I. Rostovtsev wrote the following chapters: “Ptolemaic Egypt”, “Syria and the East”, “Pergamum”, “Rhodes, Delos and Hellenistic Trade”, “Bosporan Kingdom”, “Pontus and Its Neighbors”, “Sarmatians and Parthians ". Work on the "Cambridge" chapters was connected with the plans of M. I. Rostovtsev to write his famous book "The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World." The Russian original of two chapters - "Ptolemaic Egypt" and "Syria and the East" were published first in the journal VDI (for 1999 and 2000), and then in a more complete version in the book: Parthian Shot. M., 2003. Pp. 318-387.