The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is the most important body of operational activities of the United Nations in providing assistance (financial, technical and other) for development purposes. UNDP was established in November 1965.

The overall direction of the Program is carried out by the Executive Board, composed of 36 members representing both developing and the developed countries. Headed by UNDP Administrator who is appointed General Secretary United Nations after consultation with the Executive Council for a period of four years. His appointment is approved by the UN General Assembly. Since April 2009, the post of Administrator has been held by Ms. Helen Clark ( New Zealand).

The goal of UNDP is to assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in strengthening their development potential. UNDP financial resources are formed from voluntary contributions from UN member states, UN agencies, non-governmental organizations and the private sector (in 2009 - 4.7 billion US dollars per year).

With offices in 136 countries, UNDP has the largest field presence of any United Nations development assistance organization. Through these offices, the Program supports development efforts in 166 countries by working with governments and civil society organizations.

The Heads of the Program Offices usually combine the position of UN Resident Coordinator and represent the Organization's other field presences. The same applies to the Representative of the United Nations Development Program in the Republic of Belarus, Antonius Brook (Netherlands). Mr. Brook combines this position with the functions of the UN Resident Coordinator in Belarus.

The priority areas of UNDP work are to assist program countries in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, eradicate poverty, strengthen national institutions in the field of macroeconomic management, protect environment, promoting employment, improving the status of women, combating the spread of HIV / AIDS and others.

Cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and UNDP began in 1992 with the opening of a permanent UN/UNDP office in Minsk and the development of the UNDP Short-Term Program for Belarus for 1992-1994. Within the framework of this program, about 1.5 million US dollars were allocated to the Republic of Belarus to solve social and economic problems.

In the future, cooperation was carried out in the field of human resource development, strengthening the capacity of public administration, industrial restructuring, the conversion of military camps, and minimizing the consequences of the Chernobyl accident.

In the period 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 the Republic of Belarus was a member of the UNDP Executive Board.
In the period 2001-2005, two UNDP programs were implemented in Belarus: the Second Country Cooperation Framework (CCF) for 2001-2005 and the UNDP Regional Cooperation Program for Europe for 2002-2005.

Through the CDS, UNDP provided support to Belarus mainly in social and economic development, overcoming the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and healthcare. In the period 2001-2004, 28 UNDP technical assistance projects were implemented in the country with funding of about 6 million dollars. The most significant of them include: “Assistance to the Government of the Republic of Belarus in the formation and implementation of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development”, “Strengthening partnership mechanisms and mobilizing resources to reduce negative consequences Chernobyl catastrophe”, “Improving the infrastructure of innovation activity in the Republic of Belarus”, “Support and development of small business”.

Within the framework of the Regional Cooperation Program, projects were implemented with the participation of Belarus in the field of poverty alleviation, ensuring a level playing field in development, and conducting an open, accountable anti-corruption policy.

On the whole, the activities of UNDP in Belarus have become a significant factor contributing to the solution of the socio-economic problems of the transition period. This is largely due to the non-politicized approach of UNDP to solving existing problems, the focus of the Representative Office on development priorities and the needs of our country. During 1994-2005 (12 years of cooperation), more than 30 million dollars were attracted to the country through UNDP.

The third UNDP country program for Belarus for 2006-2010 was approved by the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board at the January 2006 session. The state authorities of Belarus took part in the development of the Program, which made it possible to include areas of cooperation in it that meet national interest country.

The program is currently implementing more than twenty international technical assistance projects in five priority areas:

• economic growth and improvement of living standards of citizens;
• effective and responsible public administration;
• environmental sustainability;
• rehabilitation and sustainable development of territories affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant;
• cross-border cooperation.

Initially, the program provided for the mobilization of resources for the implementation of projects in the amount of more than 33 million US dollars. It is planned to allocate $4.1 million from the UNDP regular budget. Resources of $28 million were expected to be drawn from other UN agencies and from international donors. About 2 million dollars were planned to be attracted from national sources. At the same time, in practice, it was possible to significantly exceed the planned indicators for raising funds. The total amount of funds to be disbursed under the program as of December 2010 will be about 70 million US dollars. In 2010 alone, funds in the amount of almost 20 million US dollars were spent for these purposes.

The largest projects are carried out in cooperation with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. They are related to the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and support for the State Program “Tuberculosis”.

Major projects with the support and funding of the European Commission and other international donors are being implemented by UNDP in Belarus in the field of improving the energy efficiency of the economy and energy saving, socio-economic and environmental rehabilitation of territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster, expanding microfinance and microcredit, combating human trafficking and other important areas .

In 2010, the Government of Belarus and the UNDP Office jointly developed a draft of the fourth UNDP country program for the Republic of Belarus for the period 2011-2015 with a planned amount of financing for international technical assistance projects of over 80 million US dollars. In September 2010, it was approved by the UNDP/UNFPA Executive Board.
Since 2011, the implementation of a new country program will begin. It will take place within the framework of four priority thematic areas identified during the development:

• economic development and social protection;
• energy saving and environmental protection;
• prevention of the spread of HIV/AIDS and prevention of tuberculosis;
• effective and responsible public administration, human security.

During the implementation of the program, adjustments are possible in order to ensure its full orientation towards supporting the implementation of the Program of Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2011-2015.

United Nations Development Program

Capacity development:

empowerment of people and institutions

A n n u a l re p o rt

2 Improving people's lives through capacity development

7 The role of UNDP in the UN development system

11 UNDP Programs: Capacity Development in Action

13 Strong Institutions, Inclusive Growth: Reducing Poverty and Achieving the MDGs

19 Empowerment of citizens

v Development Interest: Democratic Governance

24 Building Capacity to Reduce Vulnerability: Crisis Prevention and Recovery

28 Green Growth: Environment and Sustainability

31 Build capacity to deliver results

34 UNDP resources

On the cover:

Participants of the seminar in the South Vietnamese city of Sok Trang, dedicated to modern methods of agricultural production of iris growing

UNDP assisted the Electoral Commission of Bhutan in the preparation of the first held in that country in 2008.

national elections. Pictured: A Bhutanese voter proudly displays his registration card

Administrator Kemal Dervis visits a village near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, assisted by UNDP to switch to renewable energy

Strengthen capacity to drive change

Start last year was promising for the efforts of developing countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other development challenges. In early 2007, the world economy entered its third year of exceptionally rapid growth, and this progress had a positive impact on poverty reduction in general and the performance of the least developed countries, in particular

ness. Economies in sub-Saharan Africa grew by an average of more than 6% in 2007. Rapid economic growth in a number of large developing countries, including China, India and other countries of the Rising South, provided additional evidence that rapid progress towards poverty reduction and achievement of the MDGs is possible.

However, by mid-2007 it became clear that developing countries would have to respond to significant uncertainties in the development of the global economy. The transformation of the crisis in the US subprime mortgage market into a large-scale financial sector crisis that affected the US and Europe and raised serious concerns about the possibility of a sharp slowdown in the growth rates of advanced economies, in particular the US economy, now threatens to seriously reverse the process of poverty reduction. In many countries, the situation is exacerbated by soaring energy and food prices. Moreover, expansionary macroeconomic policies, the inevitable response to the difficulties of the financial sector, are creating inflationary pressures throughout the global economy. In addition, most donors are now “out of the loop” in terms of meeting their financial commitments to scale up development aid on a massive scale, and it will take a huge effort to meet the targets they agreed to by 2010.

The nature of today's global economy highlights our interdependence and our need for much better global policies. On the other hand, each state must also deal with own problems. Supporting countries in identifying the actions and policies needed to respond to diverse and interrelated development challenges is at the core of UNDP's work. As shown in this year's Report, we do this by helping countries build the capacity of their peoples and institutions to improve people's lives and accelerate human development. The development community is increasingly recognizing that capacity building – at the local, community and national levels – plays a key role in meeting development challenges. That is why UNDP also focuses on empowering people and institutions by building their capacity.

This report highlights the relevance of our work and the vital importance the above agenda, as in terms of program work UNDP and in terms of our coordinating role as Chair of the UN Development Group and manager of the resident coordinator system. The report shows how UNDP focuses on four key areas: poverty reduction and the achievement of the MDGs; democratic governance; crisis prevention and recovery; environment and sustainable development. Through these and other activities, UNDP reaffirms its commitment to supporting countries in their efforts to improve people's lives.

Kemal Dervis

UNDP Administrator

“The grant would have been used up in a week, but long-term assistance in training and capacity building turned out to be more useful for us.”

Rice farmer Sofulala Zega on the results of the UNDP funded program to ensure sustainable livelihoods for the people of Nias Island (Indonesia)

With the assistance of UNDP, Benin introduced a unified business law that

makes it easier for foreign corporations to invest

UNDP supports the International Rice Research Institute in Manila, Philippines, which has been engaged in agricultural and environmental sustainability research for over 30 years

2 Annual Report 2008: Better Life

Improving people's lives through capacity development

If human development is seen as an end in UNDP's mandate, then capacity development is seen as a means. UNDP defines capacity development as a process in which individuals, organizations

Nations and societies acquire, strengthen and maintain the ability to set their own development goals and achieve them. Working side by side with governments civil society and other partners in 166 countries, UNDP is committed to promoting human development by helping people access the knowledge, experience and resources they need to build a better life.

UNDP views capacity development as its overarching contribution to development. Currently, the main document that guides UNDP engagement with development partners is the Strategic Plan 2008-2011, which states that its “policy advice, technical support, advocacy and strengthening global development coherence should be aimed at real improvement in people's lives, expanding the range of their choices and opportunities.

Improving lives, choices, and opportunities is easy for some and harder for others. While some developing countries are reaping the benefits of globalization and catching up with the wealthy, hundreds of millions of people are still missing out on the benefits of growth. Entire countries and regions trail behind development, and even in countries with good economic performance, vast niches of social exclusion can be found.

With global economic growth slowing down indefinitely due to the

v finance, the role of UNDP still consists

v to help accelerate progress in countries rapidly catching up with rich nations, while helping to accelerate progress in the underdeveloped parts of the world. One way to achieve this is to help build effective institutions to more equitably share the benefits of growth and development, especially for the benefit of the poor.

Although the world is halfway to the target date of 2015, when the MDGs are to be achieved, the outlook for their implementation is far from clear. Compared to 2000, the number of children dying annually from preventable diseases has decreased by approximately 3 million, coverage rate primary education is growing worldwide, 2 million people receive treatment for AIDS. more, the proportion of women in parliaments today is much higher. Many countries are demonstrating that rapid and wide-ranging progress is possible. It occurs where strong public leadership, sound policies to support private investment and productivity, and sound strategies for scaling up public investment are backed by adequate financial and technical assistance from international community. By moving in this direction, many countries in Asia have paved the way for the fastest reduction in poverty in history. Despite these achievements, a significant number of state

CLOSING CIRCLE: FINAL ASSESSMENT E N C I A L A

UNDP defines capacity building as the process by which individuals, organizations and societies acquire, strengthen and maintain the ability to set their own development goals and achieve them over time.

Engaging Partners Step 5: and Building Consensus

Monitoring and evaluation of the results of the implementation of capacity building strategies

Implementation of strategies

capacity building

Formulating capacity building strategies

Source: Bureau of Development Policy, UNDP.

In Kandahar, Afghanistan, members of the local development assembly (ADA) debate the province's development priorities. UNDP is supporting a new community-based development model in which ABPs are directly involved

in the development and implementation of infrastructure projects and at the same time ensure the safety of project personnel

4 UNDP Annual Report 2008: Better Lives

With the support of UNDP, Jordan conducts demining

in the Wadi al-Arab area to develop the tourism sector

and providing access to land for the poorest communities living

v Jordan Valley

turned to their fellow citizens in search of qualified professionals to provide public services. In Jordan, UNDP worked with the government to develop a sustainable mine clearance strategy that enabled the country to fulfill its obligations under the international convention to ban and destroy anti-personnel mines. Among the cleared areas are the southern region of Wadi al-Arab, an area of ​​extensive foreign investment in the tourism sector, and the Jordan Valley, home to many of Jordan's poorest communities. In Albania, UNDP supported the creation of the Brain Gain database on the Internet, which allows highly qualified specialists from the Albanian diaspora abroad to help develop academic institutions, the private sector and other areas of life in their homeland.

UNDP's role as a trusted development partner is reflected in its expanding range of partnerships with the private sector. Leading companies such as Banyan Tree, Cisco, Coca-Cola, Engro, Global Alumina, Google, Kevian, Microsoft, Pao de Azucar, Pfizer, Visa, and others are joining governments and UNDP in the MDG efforts, recognizing that inclusive growth promises long-term benefits for all partners. UNDP remains leading specialized agency United Nations in developing countries in the area of ​​promoting the Global Compact, a framework for engagement of the UN system with the private sector. UNDP now coordinates over 80 country and regional networks under the Global Compact.

The outcome of the Global Compact is the Developing Sustainable Business Initiative (SDBS), which is a platform for companies to engage in pro-poor business in developing countries with a promising business environment. Going beyond social investment and philanthropy, RUPD offers a mechanism for national and international firms to develop commercially viable business projects.

products in order to increase profits and/or enter new markets. Today, RUPD engages with 75 companies ranging from Northern multinationals to local SMEs supporting investments ranging from $10,000 to $4 million.

UNDP is helping Albania equip secondary schools with computer labs for around 140,000 students

As UNDP continues to support these and other capacity development efforts, some encouraging trends are emerging. One is a consistent focus on strengthening national performance capacities in program, project, financial, logistics and human resource management. This follows from the recommendations of the Strategic Plan and reflects the increased capacity of organizations providing services in the field. The second trend is the evolution of the civil service reform, the transition from the formation of performing skills to a qualitative increase in the competence of managers, incentive systems, mechanisms for promoting ethical standards and anti-corruption measures. The third trend is a renewed focus on continuous and higher education which, combined with an innovative response to the brain drain in vital sectors, aims to take advantage of the increasing mobility of the global labor market and turn potential threats into opportunities.

V while countries keep advancing

To achieve their national goals, their partnership with UNDP enables them to assume greater responsibility for global development. Twelve new members of the European Union, including "certified" program recipients such as Estonia and Latvia, recently met to discuss for the first time their role in providing development assistance.

As country capacities grow, flexibility and adaptability become important components of UNDP work. These factors are essential in the context of UNDP's work in middle-income countries. Members of this group of countries, home to half of the world's population, often face challenges in making the best use of their human and financial capital and allocating resources efficiently through sound planning. While many of them have moved beyond targeted assistance programs and are themselves contributing to UNDP core resources, they continue to benefit from access to UNDP's global network by facilitating the establishment of development partnerships specialized in institutional and policy development capacity building.

ticks in these countries. UNDP continues to work with middle-income countries to support their capacity development at the subnational level, working with municipalities and district governments to improve integrated planning, financial management for development, and local service delivery capacity. UNDP is also supporting policy makers to take action to strengthen their response to climate change, promote gender equality, support the underprivileged and strengthen government institutions.

In the process of changing the foundations of the standard care system, there has been a growing need to expand the possibilities of accessing, discussing and implementing new forms of development. National aid coordination and management mechanisms had to respond quickly to growing pressure to scale up and deliver results. Therefore, the UNDP approach to capacity development is constantly improving, going beyond the implementation of individual projects and turning to building the country's institutional capacity. By working with development partners to improve the performance of organizations and institutions, UNDP contributes to global efforts to improve people's lives.

UNDP-supported low-cost cross-functional platforms are helping women in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal increase their productivity and income. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation recently contributed $19 million to this project.

6 UNDP Annual Report 2008: Better Lives

“If I were to express my opinion about the United Nations and its current work in the most concise form, I would emphasize the spirit of principled pragmatism. By its right and purpose, the UN is bound to be the voice of the conscience of the world. Part of that moral duty is to live up to the hopes and expectations we have and get results.”

Ban Ki-moon General Secretary UN. The Economist: The World in 2008

The role of UNDP in the UN development system

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

Firstly, UNDP explores the links between brain drain and development potential, and secondly, it promotes the transfer of knowledge through returnees.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

The IBRD is the world's largest source of development assistance. Through loans, policy advice and technical assistance, he supports many programs aimed at reducing poverty and improving living standards in developing countries through effective investment in human capital, health and education.

At the regional level, active work is also being carried out in this direction. Thus, the three provisions enshrined in Art. 1 of the Charter of the Council of Europe in 1949, received a refraction in the migration sphere. First of all, as an organization that has as one of its main goals the protection of human morals, Council of Europe made a significant contribution to the development of the humanitarian component of migration regulation. Protocol 4 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted in 1963, secured the right to freedom of movement, as well as the prohibition of the expulsion of citizens and the prohibition of the collective expulsion of aliens. The European Social Charter of 1961 (as amended in 1996) contains the right of migrants to engage in paid activities in the territory of other countries and the right to assistance and protection.

A novelty in the activities of the Council of Europe is action in the field of combating human trafficking, racism and xenophobia. Thus, in 2005, the Council of Europe Convention on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings was adopted, which entered into force on February 1, 2008.

The OSCE's activities concern the economic and social issues of labor migration, as well as people-to-people contacts. As part of the first line of action, the OSCE is based on the need to provide potential migrants with decent work in home country. The main elements of this direction are the orderliness of movement, equality and benevolence towards migrants and social integration (language of adaptation, education of children, family reunification, etc.).

In addition, in the context of conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict building, the OSCE operates in three thematic areas: border services and training of their staff; information exchange and coordination; assistance in setting up population registration systems while respecting the principle of freedom of movement.

Gradually, the OSCE began to form its position on the issues of inadmissibility of discrimination (since the Moscow meeting in 1991), ethnic cleansing, deportations, forced migration (since the meeting in Stockholm in 1992), racism and xenophobia (since the meeting in Sofia in 2004) .

On the African continent, significant work on the international legal regulation of migration is carried out by African Union(AC) . The Treaty on the establishment of the AU, adopted at the summit in Lome (Togo, 2000) and entered into force in 2001, spelled out a rather lengthy list of the goals of the organization, among which are "promoting sustainable development at the economic, social and cultural levels, as well as the integration of African economies" and "coordination and harmonization of the policies of the created regional economic associations for the gradual achievement of the goals of the Union" . It is within the framework of these areas that the work of the AC on migration issues is carried out.

One of the main tasks AU Assembly is the definition of a common policy at Union level, including on migration and refugees. The competence of the Executive Council of the AU includes the coordination and adoption of specific decisions on issues of common interest: citizenship, residence in a foreign state and immigration. The preparation of draft decisions and programs with their subsequent submission to the Executive Council, monitoring the implementation by member countries of the decisions of the AU bodies, as well as the coordination of projects and programs of the AU are entrusted to specialized committees of the AU, among which the Committee on Trade, Customs and Immigration deals with migration issues.

The main body of the AU that makes decisions on migration issues is Executive Council AS. One of the first such decisions was the resolution on the definition of strategic priorities for migration policy in Africa, adopted at the summit in Lusaka, Zambia, in 2001. During the meeting of the Council of Ministers in Banjul in 2006, a common position was adopted African countries on Migration and Development, and at the AU Executive Board Meeting in Accra, Ghana in 2007, the AU Program for the Implementation of the Free Movement of Persons in Africa.

The Tripoli Ministerial Conference of the EU and the AU on Migration and Development, held on November 22-23, 2006 in Libya, was of great importance for the establishment of legal regulation of migration at the AU level. It adopted the Tripolye Declaration, which for the first time consolidated the foundations of the strategic partnership between the EU and the AU on migration issues, as well as an action plan to combat human trafficking, known as the Ouagadougou plan, which later became one of the fundamental documents to combat illegal immigration from Africa and trafficking people. The Tripoli Joint Ministerial Conference of the EU and the AU was of decisive importance for the intensification of cooperation between African countries within the framework of the African Union on migration and asylum issues.

To intensify cooperation on the issue of refugees at the level of the AU, an Coordinating Committee for the Relief and Protection of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, and within the AU Committee of Permanent Representatives, the Sub-Committee on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons. A specialized body (mechanism) was established under the AU Commission to verify the reliability of statistical information on internally displaced persons.

Funding for assistance to refugees and internally displaced persons is provided by the AU Special Fund for Assistance to Refugees in Emergency Circumstances and the Special Fund of the AU for Emergency Assistance to Combat Drought and Famine in Africa, as well as assistance from the global community.

Among the fundamental documents adopted on the problem of refugees at the regional level, one should mention the OAU Convention on Certain Aspects of the Refugee Problem in Africa of 1969, as well as the AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, adopted at the special AU summit in Kampala November 22, 2009 and effective December 6, 2012

One of the most important forms of interstate cooperation on migration issues at the subregional level remains a political dialogue. One of the first such dialogues began in 2001 between the countries of West Africa that are members of the subregional economic cooperation organization ECOWAS. The main issues within the framework of the West African dialogue on migration were labor migration, joint border management, protection of the rights of migrants, the fight against illegal migration, human trafficking and the organization of channels for the transportation of illegal migrants, the return of illegal immigrants to their homeland with their subsequent reintegration, etc. In a similar format, the migration dialogue in South Africa was launched in 2000 between SADC member countries, and the Intergovernmental Organization on Development (IGAD) member countries agreed to establish a regional consultative process on migration in 2008.

Summing up, it should be emphasized once again that a significant number of international organizations are related to the international legal regulation of migration, an exhaustive list of which cannot be given. Each organization considers migration from the standpoint of its core competence. The key issue of our time regarding migration in the activities of international organizations is the establishment, maintenance and strengthening of the coordination of ongoing work.

• The issue of regulating EU migration, which has found significant reflection in the legal literature, is deliberately ignored in this work. For EU law and practice, see for example: Abashidze A., Kiseleva E. Readmissions in relations between Russia and the EU: Prospects for concluding an agreement // Obozrevatel-Observer. 2004. No. 2. S. 48–53; Inshakova A. O., Kiseleva E. V. Fundamentals of Schengen law // Fundamentals of European integration law. Moscow, 2012, pp. 432–450; Chetverikov A. O. The legal regime of people crossing the internal and external borders of the Member States of the European Union: textbook, manual. M., 2010; Meipg R., Collett E. The Future of European Migration; Policy Options for the European Union and its Member States. World Migration 2010// Background Paper. IOM, 2010.