extracurricular activity in 6 "B" class

(1 hour 20 min.)

Press conference "Poetry of feat"

(Poetry of the Great Patriotic War)

The purpose of the extracurricular activity: give an overview of the poetry of the Great Patriotic War, introduce the work of front-line poets.

Tasks:

Educational: acquaintance with the work of front-line poets; improving the skills of expressive reading of poems about the war.

Developing: development of emotional, cognitive spheres, creativity students; the formation of communication skills in the educational dialogue; development of various operations of thinking and types of memory.

Educational: education of patriotism, respect for the history of the Fatherland; the formation of a highly moral civic position.

Conduct form: press conference.

Preparing for the event: the teacher recommends students literature for home reading, offers to get acquainted with the work of one of the poets, memorize a poem; students are divided into several creative groups and prepare in advance for the lesson, decorate the hall, publish newspapers, prepare a review of books about the Great Patriotic War.

Lesson equipment: presentation, epigraph of A.T. Tvardovsky, poetry collections, portraits of poets, illustrations, newspapers, recordings of songs of the war years.

TCO: a computer connected to the Internet, interactive board, projector, music center.

Methods and techniques:

by sources of information: verbal, visual, practical;

according to the degree of interaction: project work, group work, independent work, conversation.

Event progress

I. Organizational moment.

Students take certain places: the leaders (2 students), the “correspondent” (1 student), the “photojournalist” (1 student) and the “journalists” (2 students) sit at the central table; at the first table - "writers" (4 accounts); after the second - "researchers" (3 academic years) of the work of young poets who died during the war; table number 3 - readers (5 accounts); table number 4 - artists and designers (2 students), "librarians"
(2 account).

The teacher controls the press conference.

II. Introduction.

The teacher announces the topic of the event.

Epigraph (written on the poster):

The war has passed, the suffering has passed,

But pain calls out to people:

Come on people never

Let's not forget about it!

(A.T. Tvardovsky)

1. Presentation of the theme, goals and objectives of the press conference (Presentation, slides No. 1, 2).

2. The song sounds quietly to the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach “Holy War” (Appendix No. 1), then louder ... (Presentation, slides No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). After the chorus, the music stops. Leaders speak.

Lead 1.

Decades have passed since the last salvos of the Great Patriotic War died down, but the events of the war time will forever remain in the memory of people.

Lead 2.

sacred Russian land- an eternal witness to the immortal feat of warriors who defended the honor and independence of the Motherland. Russian people accomplished feats on the Kursk Bulge, near Moscow and in Leningrad, on the Volga, on the sacred land of Stalingrad. Novels, short stories, essays have been written about defenders, great amount poems and songs. Literature, poetry is "the voice of the heroic soul of the Russian people."

Lead 1.

Poetry was the most operational, the most popular genre of the war years. It was poetry that expressed people's need for truth, without which a sense of responsibility for their country is impossible.

3. The song continues to sound on the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach "Holy War".

Lead 2.

This song makes us remember that war is a terrible test for the whole people, it is a test for our literature as well. Poets and writers honorably fulfilled their patriotic duty.

III. Questions asked by the correspondent to "writers" about the poetry of the Great Patriotic War.

1 . How many poets and writers were at the front? Give them their names.(More than 2 thousand writers and poets went to the front. They defended the Motherland with weapons in their hands, shared the suffering, dangers, hardships of the war days with everyone. They created poems and songs that raised the morale of the soldiers.

More than 300 writers and poets died the death of the brave. Among them are Arkady Gaidar, Yuri Krymov, Iosif Utkin, as well as young poets - Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Nikolai Mayorov).

2. What role did poetry play in those harsh years? (Poems and songs called the Russian people to a decisive battle with the Nazis, strengthened the courage of the defenders.

The poetry of the war years told the truth about what was happening at the front. She strengthened faith in victory, in human strength, helped endure trials, helped people live).

3. What front-line poets have you prepared short speeches about? (Presentation, slide number 9). What verses about war excited you?

A) Brief speeches of "writers"(no more than 3 minutes) about the life and work of K. Simonov, S. Orlov, D. Samoilov, A. Surkov (Presentation, slides No. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14).

b) Reading poems these poets.

Konstantin Simonov

"Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region"

Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region,

How endless, evil rains fell,

How weary women carried krinki to us,

Pressing, like children, from the rain to their chest,

How they furtively wiped away the tears,

As after us they whispered: - Lord save you! -

And again they called themselves soldiers,

As it was the old tradition in great Rus'.

Measured by tears more often than miles,

There was a path, on the hillocks hiding from the eyes:

Villages, villages, villages with graveyards,

As if all of Russia had converged on them,

As if behind every Russian outskirts,

Protecting the living with the cross of their hands,

Having come together with the whole world, our great-grandfathers pray

For their unbelieving grandchildren in God.

You know, probably, after all, Motherland -

Not a city house, where I lived festively,

And these country roads that grandfathers passed,

With simple crosses of their Russian graves.

I don't know about you, but me with the village

Road melancholy from village to village,

With a widow's tear and a woman's song

For the first time the war on country roads brought.

Do you remember, Alyosha: a hut near Borisov,

For the dead weeping girlish cry,

A gray-haired old woman in a plush cloak,

All in white, as if dressed for death, an old man.

Well, what can we say to them, how could we console them?

But, understanding grief with his woman's instinct,

Do you remember, the old woman said: - Dear,

As long as you go, we'll be waiting for you.

"We'll wait for you!" the pastors told us.

"We'll wait for you!" - said the woods.

You know, Alyosha, at night it seems to me

According to Russian customs, only conflagrations

On Russian soil scattered behind,

Comrades were dying before our eyes

In Russian, tearing the shirt on the chest.

Bullets with you still have mercy on us.

But, believing three times that life is all,

I was still proud of the sweetest,

For the bitter land where I was born

For the fact that I was bequeathed to die on it,

That the Russian mother gave birth to us,

That, seeing us off to battle, a Russian woman

In Russian, she hugged me three times.

Konstantin Simonov.

World Poetry Library.

Rostov-on-Don, "Phoenix", 1998.

http://rupoem.ru/simonov/ty-pomnish-alesha.aspx

Konstantin Simonov

"Wait for me"

Wait for me and I will come back.

Just wait a lot

Wait for sadness

yellow rain,

Wait for the snow to come

Wait when it's hot

Wait when others are not expected

Forgetting yesterday.

Wait when from distant places

Letters will not come

Wait until you get bored

To all who are waiting together.

Wait for me and I will come back,

don't wish well

To everyone who knows by heart

It's time to forget.

Let the son and mother believe

That there is no me

Let friends get tired of waiting

They sit by the fire

Drink bitter wine

For the soul...

Wait. And along with them

Don't rush to drink.

Wait for me and I will come back,

All deaths out of spite.

Who did not wait for me, let him

He will say: - Lucky.

Do not understand those who did not wait for them,

Like in the middle of a fire

Waiting for your

You saved me

How I survived, we will know

Only you and I -

You just knew how to wait

Like no one else.

Russian poets. Anthology in four volumes.

Moscow: Children's Literature, 1968.

http://rupoem.ru/simonov/zhdi-menya-i.aspx

Sergey Orlov

"He was buried in the globe of the earth"

He was buried in the globe of the earth,

And he was just a soldier

In total, friends, a simple soldier,

Without titles and awards.

He is like a mausoleum earth -

For a million centuries

AND Milky Ways dusty

Around him from the sides.

Clouds sleep on the red slopes,

Snowstorms are sweeping,

Heavy thunder rumbles

The winds are taking off.

The battle is long over...

By the hands of all friends

The guy is put in the globe of the earth,

It's like being in a mausoleum...

The lines of the century. Anthology of Russian poetry.

Comp. E. Evtushenko.

Minsk, Moscow: Polifact, 1995.

David Samoilov

"FORTIES"

forties, fatal,

military and frontline

Where are the funeral notices

And echelon interchanges.

Rolled rails hum.

Spacious. Cold. High.

And fire victims, fire victims

Wandering from west to east...

And this is me at the station

In your dirty earflap,

Where the asterisk is not authorized,

And cut out of a can.

Yes, this is me in the world,

Skinny, funny and playful.

And I have tobacco in a pouch,

And I have a mouthpiece.

And I'm joking with the girl

And I'm lame more than necessary

And I break the solder in two,

And I understand everything.

How it was! How did it coincide?

War, trouble, dream and youth!

And it all sunk into me

And only then I woke up! ..

forties, fatal,

Lead, gunpowder...

War walks in Russia,

And we are so young!

http://lit.peoples.ru/poetry/david_samoilov/poem_13506.shtml

Alexander Tvardovsky

"Vasily Terkin: 7. About the award" (excerpt)

No guys, I'm not proud.

Without thinking into the distance

So I will say: why do I need an order?

I agree to a medal.

For a medal. And that is not in a hurry.

That would end the war

I would like to come on vacation

To the home side.

Will I still be alive? - Hardly.

Fight here, don't guess.

But I will say about the medal:

Give it to me then.

Provide, since I am worthy.

And you must understand:

The simplest thing is

The man came from the war.

http://rupoem.ru/tvardovskij/net-rebyata-ya.aspx

Alexey Surkov

"Fire beats in a cramped stove"

The fire is beating in the cramped stove,

Resin on logs, like a tear,

And the accordion sings to me in the dugout

About your smile and eyes.

The bushes whispered to me about you

In snow-white fields near Moscow.

I want you to hear

You are far away now.

Between us snow and snow.

It's hard for me to get to you

And there are four steps to death.

Sing, harmonica, blizzard out of spite,

Call the entangled happiness.

I'm warm in a cold dugout

From my undying love.

V) Listening to the audio recording of the song "In the dugout", words by A. Surkov, music by K. Listov (Appendix No. 2).

IV. Questions asked by the correspondent to "researchers" of the work of young poets who died during the war.

1. What theme of the poetry of the war years, in your opinion, has become central? Who main character this poetry? (The central, defining theme of the poetry of the Great Patriotic War was the theme of love for the Motherland, the call to defend it.

The heroes of the poetry of the war years are warriors-liberators, simple home front workers, these are children, i.e. all those who fought against fascism).

2. In which poem do the soldiers swear to take revenge on their enemies and swear victory to the Fatherland? Who is its author?(This poem is called "We swear to victory", its author is Alexei Surkov).

A) Reading by children of the poem by A. Surkov “We ​​swear by victory” (abridged)

An uninvited guest knocked on our door.

The breath of a thunderstorm swept over the Motherland.

Listen, Motherland! IN terrible time wars

Your battle sons swear victory.

Each ear of our collective farm fields,

The trumpet rumble of motors and the rustle of poplars,

On the life of our children, we swear to you today -

Crush the fascist reptile in a formidable, harsh struggle.

Hear Motherland! Volleys, formidable, -

These cannons sang the victory song of the war.

You see, Motherland! Dust over the fields lay -

This is our infantry with hostility against the Nazis went.

It was the Soviet people who stood up for the victorious battle.

He cast a menacing glance over the immortal expanse.

Hardened in battles, the Soviet people-heroes.

We will teach the arrogant raiders a lesson in fierce combat.

We will crush the brown snake.

Beat the Nazis, not knowing mercy in the fight,

On the first day of testing

We swear, Motherland, to you!

Lead 1.

Writers and poets had no doubt that the enemy would be defeated, the Motherland would be liberated from the Nazis.

Listen to the song on the verses of Bulat Okudzhava "The Tenth Airborne Battalion" performed by the author.

b) Listening to the audio of a song (Appendix No. 3).

Lead 2.

Young poets Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Nikolai Mayorov, strong, cheerful, dreaming of creative work, hot pure love, a bright life on earth, went to the front without hesitation and gave their lives for their Motherland (Presentation, slides No. 15, 16).

Lead 1.

Nikolai Mayorov wrote about his heroic generation:

We were tall, fair-haired.

You will read in books like a myth,

About the people who left without loving,

Without finishing the last cigarette.

Lead 2.

I would especially like to say about the young Tatar poet, whose name is Musa Jalil, about his "Moabit Notebooks" - a cycle of poems written in the fascist dungeon of the Moabit prison in Berlin. The poetry of Musa Jalil is the poetry of deep thought, passionate feelings, indomitable will.

XX- early XXI centuries deeply and comprehensively, in all its manifestations: the army and the rear, partisan movement and underground, the tragic beginning of the war, individual battles, heroism and betrayal, the greatness and drama of the Victory. The authors of military prose, as a rule, front-line soldiers, in their works rely on real events, on their own front-line experience. In books about the war written by front-line soldiers, the main line is soldier friendship, front-line camaraderie, the severity of camp life, desertion and heroism. Dramatic human destinies unfold in war, sometimes life or death depends on a person’s act. Front-line writers are a whole generation of courageous, conscientious, experienced, gifted individuals who have endured military and post-war hardships. Front-line writers are those authors who in their works express the point of view that the outcome of the war is decided by the hero, who recognizes himself as a particle of the warring people, who carries his cross and common burden.

The most reliable works about the war were created by front-line writers:, G. Baklanov, B. Vasiliev,.

One of the first books about the war was Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov's (1911-1987) story "In the trenches of Stalingrad", which Vyacheslav Kondratyev, another front-line writer, spoke with great respect. He called it his desk book, where there was the whole war with its inhumanity and cruelty, there was "our war that we went through." This book was published immediately after the war in the Znamya magazine (1946, Nos. 8–9) under the title Stalingrad, and only later was it given the title In the Trenches of Stalingrad.

And in 1947, the story "Star" was written by Emmanuil Genrikhovich Kazakevich (1913-1962), a front-line writer, truthful and poetic. But at that time it was deprived of a true ending, and only now it has been filmed and restored in its original ending, namely, the death of all six scouts under the command of Lieutenant Travkin.

Let us also recall other outstanding works about the war Soviet period. This is the "lieutenant's prose" of such writers as G. Baklanova, K. Vorobyov.

Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev (1924), former artillery officer who fought in 1942-1944 near Stalingrad, on the Dnieper, in the Carpathians, author best books about the war - “Battalions Ask for Fire” (1957), “Silence” (1962), “Hot Snow” (1969). One of the reliable works written by Bondarev about the war is the novel “Hot Snow” about the Battle of Stalingrad, about the defenders of Stalingrad, for whom he personified the defense of the Motherland. Stalingrad as a symbol of soldier's courage and stamina runs through all the works of the front-line writer. His military writings are laced with romantic scenes. The heroes of his stories and novels - the boys, along with the heroism they commit, still have time to think about the beauty of nature. For example, lieutenant Davlatyan cries bitterly like a boy, considering himself a failure not because he was wounded and hurt, but because he dreamed of getting to the front line, he wanted to knock out a tank. About difficult life after the war former members his wars new novel"Non-resistance", what have become ex-boys. They do not give up under the weight of the post-war and especially modern life. “We have learned to hate falsehood, cowardice, lies, the elusive look of a scoundrel talking to you with a pleasant smile, indifference, from which one step to betrayal,” says Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev many years later about his generation in the book Moments.

Let us recall Konstantin Dmitrievich Vorobyov (1919-1975), the author of harsh and tragic works, who was the first to tell about the bitter truth of the one who was captured and went through the earthly hell. The stories of Konstantin Dmitrievich Vorobyov “This is us, Lord”, “Killed near Moscow” are written according to own experience. Fighting in a company of Kremlin cadets near Moscow, he was taken prisoner, went through camps in Lithuania. He escaped from captivity, organized a partisan group that joined the Lithuanian partisan detachment, and after the war he lived in Vilnius. The story "This is Us, Lord", written in 1943, was published only ten years after his death, in 1986. This story about the torments of a young lieutenant in captivity is autobiographical and is now highly valued in terms of the resistance of the spirit as a phenomenon. Torture, executions, hard labor in captivity, escapes... The author documents a nightmarish reality, exposes evil. The story "Killed near Moscow", written by him in 1961, remains one of the most reliable works about initial period war in 1941 near Moscow, where a company of young cadets ends up, almost without weapons. Fighters die, the world collapses under bombs, the wounded are captured. But their life is given to the Motherland, which they faithfully served.

Among the most notable front-line writers of the second half of the 20th century, one can name the writer Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev (1920-1993). His simple and beautiful story "Sashka", published back in 1979 in the magazine "Friendship of Peoples" and dedicated to "To All Who Fought near Rzhev - Living and Dead" - shocked readers. The story "Sashka" put forward Vyacheslav Kondratiev among the leading writers of the front-line generation, for each of them the war was different. In it, the front-line writer talks about life ordinary person at war, a few days of front-line life. The battles themselves were not the main part of a person's life in the war, but the main thing was life, incredibly difficult, with huge physical activity, hard life. For example, morning mine shelling, getting shag, sipping liquid porridge, warming up by the fire - and the hero of the story Sashka understood - you have to live, you have to knock out tanks, shoot down planes. Having captured the German in a short battle, he does not experience much triumph, he seems to be unheroic at all, an ordinary fighter. The story about Sashka became a story about all the front-line soldiers, tormented by the war, but retaining their human face even in an impossible situation. And then the novels and stories follow, united by a cross-cutting theme and heroes: “The Road to Borodukhino”, “Life-Being”, “Vacation for Wounds”, “Meetings on Sretenka”, “A Significant Date”. The works of Kondratiev are not just true prose about the war, they are true testimonies of time, duty, honor and fidelity, these are the painful thoughts of the heroes after. His works are characterized by the accuracy of dating events, their geographic and topographic reference. The author was where and when his characters were. His prose is eyewitness accounts, it can be regarded as an important, albeit peculiar, historical source, at the same time it is written according to all the canons. artwork. The collapse of the era that occurred in the 90s, which haunts the participants in the war and they experience moral suffering, had a catastrophic effect on front-line writers, led them to the tragic feelings of a devalued feat. Is it not because of moral suffering that the front-line writers tragically died in 1993, Vyacheslav Kondratyev, and in 1991, Yulia Drunina.

Here is another of the front-line writers, Vladimir Osipovich Bogomolov (1926-2003), who wrote in 1973 the action-packed work “The Moment of Truth” (“In August forty-fourth”) about military counterintelligence- SMERSH, whose heroes neutralize the enemy in the rear of our troops. In 1993, he published the bright story "In the Krieger" (krieger - a wagon for transporting the seriously wounded), which is a continuation of the story "The Moment of Truth" and "Zosya". In this wagon-krieger, the surviving heroes gathered. Undertreated them, a terrible commission distributed them for further service in remote areas of the Far North, Kamchatka, and the Far East. They, who gave their lives for their Motherland, the crippled, were not spared, they were sent to the most remote places. Last novel about the Great Patriotic War by Vladimir Osipovich Bogomolov “My life, or did you dream about me ...” (Our contemporary. - 2005. - No. 11,12; 2006. - No. 1, 10, 11, 12; 2008. - No. 10) remained unfinished and was published after the death of the writer. He wrote this novel not only as a participant in the war, but also based on archival documents. The events in the novel begin in February 1944 with the crossing of the Oder and last until the early 1990s. The story is told on behalf of a 19-year-old lieutenant. The novel is documented by the orders of Stalin and Zhukov, political reports, excerpts from the front press, which give an impartial picture of the hostilities. The novel, without any embellishment, conveys the mood in the army that has entered enemy territory. The underside of the war is depicted, which has not been written about before.

Vladimir Osipovich Bogomolov wrote about his main, as he considered, book: “It will not be a memoir, not memoirs, but, in the language of literary critics, “an autobiography of a fictitious person.” And not entirely fictional: by the will of fate, I almost always found myself not only in the same places with the main character, but also in the same positions: I spent a whole decade in the shoes of most heroes, the root prototypes of the main characters were closely familiar to me during the war and after her officers. This novel is not only about the history of a person of my generation, it is a requiem for Russia, for its nature and morality, a requiem for the difficult, deformed destinies of several generations - tens of millions of my compatriots.

Front-line writer Boris Lvovich Vasiliev (b. 1924), laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, the Prize of the President of Russia, the Independent Prize named after "April". He is the author of the books loved by all “The dawns here are quiet”, “Tomorrow there was a war”, “I was not on the lists”, “Aty-bats were soldiers”, which were filmed in Soviet time. In an interview " Russian newspaper» dated 01.01.01, the front-line writer noted the demand for military prose. Unfortunately, his works were not republished for ten years, and only in 2004, on the eve of the writer's 80th birthday, were they republished again by the Veche publishing house. A whole generation of young people was brought up on the military stories of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev. Everyone remembered the bright images of girls who combined love of truth and steadfastness (Zhenya from the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...”, Spark from the story “Tomorrow there was a war”, etc.) and sacrificial devotion to a high cause and loved ones (the heroine of the story “In was not listed, etc.)

Evgeny Ivanovich Nosov (1925-2002), noted by Sakharovskaya literary prize together with Konstantin Vorobyov (posthumously) for creativity in general (devotion to the topic), distinguished by belonging to the village theme. But he also created unforgettable images of peasants who are preparing to go to war (the story "Usvyatsky helmet-bearers") as if to the end of the world, say goodbye to a measured peasant life and prepare for an uncompromising battle with the enemy. The first work about the war was the story "Red Wine of Victory", written by him in 1969, in which the hero met Victory Day on a government bed in the hospital and received, along with all the suffering wounded, a glass of red wine in honor of this long-awaited holiday. Reading the story, adults who survived the war will cry. “An authentic comfrey, an ordinary fighter, he does not like to talk about the war ... The wounds of a fighter will tell more and more strongly about the war. Holy words should not be frittered away in vain. As well, you can not lie about the war. And it is a shame to write badly about the sufferings of the people. A master and worker of prose, he knows that the memory of dead friends can be offended by an awkward word, clumsy thoughts ... ”- this is how his friend writer-front-line soldier Viktor Astafyev wrote about Nosov. In the story “Khutor Beloglin”, Alexei, the hero of the story, lost everything in the war - he had no family, no home, no health, but, nevertheless, he remained kind and generous. Yevgeny Nosov wrote a number of works at the turn of the century, about which Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn said, handing him the prize of his own name: “And, denouncing in 40 years all the same military theme, with bitter bitterness, Nosov stirs up what hurts even today ... With this unrequited grief, Nosov closes a half-century wound great war and everything that is not told about her even today. Works: "Apple Savior", "Commemorative Medal", "Fanfares and Bells" - from this series.

Among the front-line writers, Andrei Platonovich Platonov (1899-1951) was undeservedly deprived in Soviet times, whom literary criticism made such only because his works were different, too reliable. For example, the critic V. Ermilov in the article “The slanderous story of A. Platonov” (about the story “The Return”) accused the author of “the most vile slander on Soviet family and the story was declared alien and even hostile. In fact, Andrei Platonov went through the entire war as an officer, from 1942 to 1946. He was a war correspondent for Krasnaya Zvezda on the fronts from Voronezh, Kursk to Berlin and the Elbe, and his man among the soldiers in the trenches, he was called the "trench captain." One of the first Andrey Platonov wrote the dramatic story of the return of a war veteran home in the story "Return", which was published in the "New World" already in 1946. The hero of the story, Alexei Ivanov, is in no hurry to go home, he has found a second family among his fellow soldiers, he has lost the habit of being at home, of his family. The heroes of Platonov's works “... were now going to live for the first time, in illness and the happiness of victory. Now they were going to live for the first time, vaguely remembering themselves as they were three or four years ago, because they turned into completely different people ... ". And in the family, near his wife and children, another man appeared, who was orphaned by the war. It is difficult for a front-line soldier to return to another life, to children.

(b. 1921) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, colonel, historian, author of a series of books: "In the ranks", "Fiery miles", "Fights continue", "Colonel Gorin", "Chronicle of the pre-war years", " In the snow-covered fields of the Moscow region. What caused the tragedy of June 22: the criminal carelessness of the command or the treachery of the enemy? How to overcome the confusion and confusion of the first hours of the war? The resilience and courage of the Soviet soldier in the early days of the Great Patriotic War is described in the historical novel "Summer of Hopes and Crashes" (Roman-gazeta. - 2008. - Nos. 9-10). There are also images of military leaders: commander-in-chief Stalin, marshals - Zhukov, Timoshenko, Konev and many others. Another historical novel “Stalingrad. Battles and Fates ”(Roman-newspaper. - 2009. - Nos. 15-16.) The battle on the Volga is called the battle of the century. The final parts of the novel are devoted to the harsh winter of the years, when more than two million soldiers came together in a deadly battle.

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(real name - Fridman) was born on September 11, 1923 in Voronezh. He volunteered to fight. From the front he was sent to the artillery school. After completing his studies, he ended up on the South-Western Front, then on the 3rd Ukrainian. Participated in the Iasi-Chisinau operation, in the battles in Hungary, in the capture of Budapest, Vienna. He ended the war in Austria with the rank of lieutenant. In the years studied at the Literary Institute. The book "Forever - nineteen" (1979) was awarded the State Prize. In 1986-96 was the editor-in-chief of the Znamya magazine. Died 2009

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(real name - Kirill) was born on November 28, 1915 in Petrograd. He studied at MIFLI, then at the Literary Institute. M. Gorky. In 1939 he was sent as a war correspondent to Khalkhin Gol in Mongolia. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Konstantin Simonov was in the army: he was his own correspondent for the newspapers Krasnaya Zvezda, Pravda, Komsomolskaya Pravda, etc. In 1942 he was awarded the rank of senior battalion commissar, in 1943 - the rank of lieutenant colonel, and after the war - colonel. As a war correspondent, he visited all fronts, was in Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland, Germany, witnessed the last battles for Berlin. After the war, he worked as editor of the magazine " New world and Literaturnaya Gazeta. Died August 28, 1979 in Moscow.

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Front-line writers, contrary to the tendencies that developed in the Soviet era to gloss over the truth about the war, portrayed the harsh and tragic military and post-war reality. Their works are true evidence of the time when Russia fought and won.

It became the most bloody in the history of mankind and lasted almost 4 years, was reflected in the heart of everyone as a cruel tragedy that claimed the lives of millions of people.

People of the Pen: The Truth About War

Despite the growing temporal distance between those distant events, interest in the topic of war is constantly growing; current generation does not remain indifferent to the courage and exploits of Soviet soldiers. A big role in the veracity of the description of the events of the war years was played by the word of writers and poets, apt, uplifting, guiding and inspiring. It was they who, writers and poets-front-line soldiers, having spent their youth on the battlefields, conveyed to the modern generation the history of human destinies and deeds of people on which life sometimes depended. The writers of the bloody wartime truthfully described in their works the atmosphere of the front, the partisan movement, the severity of campaigns and life in the rear, strong soldier friendship, desperate heroism, betrayal and cowardly desertion.

A creative generation born of war

Front-line writers are a separate generation of heroic personalities who have experienced the hardships of the war and post-war period. Some of them died at the front, others lived longer and died, as they say, not from old age, but from old wounds.

The year 1924 was marked by the birth of a whole generation of front-line soldiers known throughout the country: Boris Vasilyev, Viktor Astafyev, Yulia Drunina, Bulat Okudzhava, Vasil Bykov. These front-line writers, whose list is far from complete, faced the war at the moment when they were just 17 years old.

Boris Vasiliev is an extraordinary person

Almost all the boys and girls of the 1920s failed to escape during the terrible wartime. Only 3% survived, among which, miraculously, was Boris Vasiliev.

He could die in the 34th year from typhus, in the 41st surrounded, in the 43rd from a mine stretch. The boy went to the front as a volunteer, went through the cavalry and machine-gun regimental schools, fought in the airborne regiment, studied at the Military Academy. In the post-war period, he worked in the Urals as a tester of tracked and wheeled vehicles. He was demobilized with the rank of engineer-captain in 1954; the reason for demobilization is the desire to engage in literary activities.

The author devoted such works to the military theme as “Not on the lists”, “Tomorrow there was a war”, “Veteran”, “Do not shoot at white swans”. Boris Vasiliev became famous after the publication in 1969 of the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ...", staged in 1971 on the stage of the Taganka Theater by Yuri Lyubimov and filmed in 1972. Approximately 20 films were shot according to the writer's scripts, including "Officers", "Tomorrow there was a war", "Aty-bats, there were soldiers ...".

Front-line writers: a biography of Viktor Astafiev

Viktor Astafiev, like many front-line writers of the Great Patriotic War, in his work showed the war as a great tragedy, seen through the eyes of a simple soldier - a man who is the basis of the entire army; it is to him that punishments are given in abundance, and rewards bypass him. This collective, semi-autobiographical image of a front-line soldier who lives the same life with his comrades and has learned to fearlessly look death in the eye, Astafyev largely wrote off from himself and his front-line friends, opposing him to the rear dwellers, who for the most part lived in a relatively non-dangerous front-line zone throughout the entire war. It was for them that he, like the rest of the poets and writers of the Great Patriotic War, felt the deepest contempt.

The author of such famous works as “King Fish”, “Cursed and Killed”, “ Last bow"For his alleged commitment to the West and a penchant for chauvinism, which critics saw in his works, in his declining years he was left to the mercy of fate by the state for which he fought, and sent to die in his native village. It was precisely such a bitter price that Viktor Astafyev had to pay, a man who never refused what was written, for the desire to tell the truth, bitter and sad. The truth, about which writers-front-line soldiers of the Great Patriotic War were not silent in their works; they said that the Russian people, which not only won, but also lost a lot in itself, simultaneously with the influence of fascism, experienced the oppressive influence of the Soviet system and its own internal forces.

Bulat Okudzhava: the sunset turned red a hundred times ...

The poems and songs of Bulat Okudzhava (“Prayer”, “Midnight Trolleybus”, “Merry Drummer”, “Song about Soldier's Boots”) are known by the whole country; his stories "Be healthy, schoolboy", "Date with Bonaparte", "Journey of amateurs" are among the best works of Russian prose writers. Famous films - "Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha", "Fidelity", the screenwriter of which he was, were watched by more than one generation, as well as the famous "Belarusian Station", where he acted as a songwriter. The singer's repertoire includes about 200 songs, each of which is filled with its own story.

Bulat Okudzhava, like other front-line writers (photo can be seen above), was a vivid symbol of his time; his concerts were always sold out, despite the lack of posters for his performances. Spectators shared their impressions and brought their friends and acquaintances. The song “We need one victory” from the movie “Belorussky Station” was sung by the whole country.

Bulat met the war at the age of seventeen, leaving after the ninth grade to the front as a volunteer. Private, soldier, mortar, who fought mainly on the North Caucasian front, was wounded from an enemy aircraft, and after being cured, he got into heavy artillery Main command. As Bulat Okudzhava said (and his fellow front-line writers agreed with him), everyone was afraid in the war, even those who considered themselves braver than the rest.

War through the eyes of Vasil Bykov

Coming from a Belarusian peasant family, Vasil Bykov went to the front at the age of 18 and fought until the Victory, passing through such countries as Romania, Hungary, Austria. Was wounded twice; after demobilization he lived in Belarus, in the city of Grodno. main theme his works were not the war itself (historians, not front-line writers, should write about it), but the possibilities of the human spirit, manifested in such difficult conditions. A person must always remain a person and live according to his conscience, only in this case is the human race able to survive.

Features of Bykov's prose became the reason for accusations by Soviet critics of defiling the Soviet mode. Widespread harassment was organized in the press, censorship of the release of his works, their prohibition. Due to such persecution and a sharp deterioration in health, the author was forced to leave his homeland and live for some time in the Czech Republic (the country of his sympathies), then in Finland and Germany.

Most famous works writer: "Death of a Man", "Crane Cry", "Alpine Ballad", "Kruglyansky Bridge", "The Dead Doesn't Hurt". As Chingiz Aitmatov said, Bykov was saved by fate for honest and truthful creativity on behalf of a whole generation. Some works were filmed: "Survive Until Dawn", "Third Rocket".

Writers-front-line soldiers: about the war in a poetic line

The talented girl Yulia Drunina, like many front-line writers, went to the front as a volunteer. In 1943 she was seriously wounded, due to which she was recognized as disabled and retired. This was followed by a return to the front, Yulia fought in the Baltic states and the Pskov region. In 1944, she was again shell-shocked and declared unfit for further service. With the title of foreman and the medal "For Courage", Yulia after the war released a collection of poems "In a soldier's overcoat", dedicated to front-line time. She was accepted into the Writers' Union and forever enrolled in the ranks of front-line poets, referring to the military generation.

Along with the creativity and release of such collections as "Alarm", "You are near", "My friend", "Country - youth", "Trench Star", Yulia Drunina was actively engaged in literary and social work, was awarded prestigious prizes, more than once was elected a member of the editorial boards of central newspapers and magazines, secretary of the board of various writers' unions. Despite universal respect and recognition, Julia devoted herself completely to poetry, describing in verse the role of a woman in the war, her courage and tolerance, as well as the incompatibility of the life-giving feminine principle with murder and destruction.

the fate of man

Front-line writers and their works made a significant contribution to literature, conveying to posterity the veracity of the events of the war years. Perhaps one of our relatives and relatives fought with them shoulder to shoulder and became the prototype of stories or novels.

In 1941, Yuri Bondarev - the future writer - along with his peers participated in the construction of defensive fortifications; after graduating from an infantry school, he fought near Stalingrad as a commander of a mortar crew. Then a concussion, slight frostbite and a wound in the back, which did not become an obstacle to returning to the front, participation in the long haul to Poland and Czechoslovakia. After demobilization, Yuri Bondarev entered them. Gorky, where he happened to get to a creative seminar under the guidance of Konstantin Paustovsky, who instilled in the future writer a love for the great art of the pen and the ability to say his word.

All his life, Yuri remembered the smell of frozen, stone-hard bread and the aroma of cold burns in the steppes of Stalingrad, the icy cold of frost-calcined guns, the metal of which was felt through mittens, the powder stench of spent cartridges and the desert silence of the night starry sky. The work of front-line writers is permeated with the sharpness of the unity of man with the Universe, his helplessness and at the same time incredible strength and perseverance, increasing a hundredfold in the face of terrible danger.

Yuri Bondarev became widely known for his novels The Last Volleys and The Battalions Ask for Fire, which vividly portrayed the reality of wartime. The work "Silence", highly appreciated by critics, was turned to the theme of Stalin's repressions. In the most famous novel, Hot Snow, the theme of the heroism of the Soviet people during the period of their most difficult trials is sharply raised; the author described last days Battle of Stalingrad and people who stood up for the defense of their homeland and own families from fascist invaders. The red line is Stalingrad in all the works of the front-line writer as a symbol of soldier's stamina and courage. Bondarev never embellished the war and showed "little great people" who did their job: they defended their homeland.

During the war, Yuri Bondarev finally realized that a person is born not for hatred, but for love. It was in frontline conditions that the crystal clear commandments of love for the Motherland, fidelity and decency entered the consciousness of the writer. After all, in battle everything is naked, good and evil are distinguishable, and everyone made their own conscious choice. According to Yuri Bondarev, life is given to a person not just like that, but to fulfill a certain mission, and it is important not to waste yourself on trifles, but to educate your own soul, fighting for a free existence and in the name of justice.

The stories and novels of the writer have been translated into more than 70 languages, and over the period from 1958 to 1980, more than 130 works by Yuri Bondarev were published abroad, and the paintings based on them (“Hot Snow”, “Coast”, “Battalions ask for fire”) watched by a huge audience.

The activity of the writer was marked by many public and state awards, including the most important one - universal recognition and reader's love.

"Span of the Earth" Grigory Baklanov

Grigory Baklanov is the author of such works as "July 1941", "It was the month of May ...", "A span of land", "Friends", "I was not killed in the war." During the war he served in a howitzer artillery regiment, then as an officer he commanded a battery and fought on the Southwestern Front until the end of the war, which he describes through the eyes of those who fought on the front line, with its formidable front-line everyday life. Baklanov explains the reasons for the heavy defeats at the initial stage of the war by mass repressions, the atmosphere of general suspicion and fear that prevailed in the pre-war period. A requiem for the young generation ruined by the war, the exorbitant high price for victory, was the story "Forever - nineteen."

In his works dedicated to the peaceful period, Baklanov returns to the fate of the former front-line soldiers, who turned out to be warped by the ruthless totalitarian system. This is especially clearly shown in the story "Karpukhin", where the life of the hero of the work was broken by official heartlessness. According to the scripts of the writer, 8 films were shot; the best film adaptation is "It was the month of May ...".

Military literature - for children

Children's front-line writers have made a significant contribution to literature, writing for teenagers works about their peers - the same as they are, boys and girls who happened to live in wartime.

  • A. Mityaev "Sixth incomplete".
  • A. Ochkin "Ivan - I, Fedorovs - we."
  • S. Alekseev "From Moscow to Berlin".
  • L. Kassil "Your defenders."
  • A. Gaidar "The Oath of Timur".
  • V. Kataev "Son of the Regiment".
  • L. Nikolskaya "Must stay alive."

Front-line writers, the list of which is far from complete, conveyed the terrible reality of war in an accessible and understandable language for children, tragic fates people and their courage and heroism. These works instill the spirit of patriotism and love for the motherland, teach to appreciate loved ones and relatives, to protect peace on our planet.

The Great Patriotic War had a huge impact both on the further course of history and on the development of world and especially Russian culture.

Representatives of the creative intelligentsia immediately responded to the great national misfortune along with soldiers, workers, engineers, peasants, and students. Poets, writers, artists, artists felt recognized to maintain a high patriotic upsurge at the front and in the rear, confidence in victory, steadfastness in overcoming all the trials that befell the country and people.

In poetry, from the first days of the war (and on the eve, prophetically foreseeing trouble), lyric poetry first of all showed itself. In wartime, it became a unique phenomenon. It could not be divided into civil, intimate, philosophical, etc. All these motifs were organically combined in it in the transfer of human experiences caused by terrible events. We can only distinguish three main groups of genres: lyrical (elegy, ode, song), satirical (ridiculing the enemy) and lyrical (ballad, poem).
Poets also wrote about the war itself in all its voluminous fullness: about its hardships, battles, the tragedy of retreat at the initial stage, about victorious campaigns; about women and children at the front, about partisans, they conveyed the tragedy of families left without breadwinners, without husbands and sons, and sometimes even without a roof over their heads. In the poems of that time, the image of the Motherland was created as the whole country, stretched from edge to edge, or one’s hometown, village, that is small homeland. Pictures of native nature in poetry coexisted with pictures of battles (as, for example, in the famous poem by M. Dudin "Nightingales") and thereby strengthened the patriotic and lyrical beginning of the work. The lyrics also revealed the consciousness of a person who, in a feat of arms, directly defends the Fatherland, or a feat of a worker, in the deep rear bringing Victory closer.
The Great Patriotic War caused a creative upsurge of a variety of poets - both recognized lyricists who began to write in the pre-revolutionary years (A. Akhmatova), and came to literature in the 20-30s (N. Tikhonov, A. Surkov, A. Tvardovsky, Ya. Smelyakov, M. Aliger, N. Ushakov, I. Selvinsky, O. Bergholz, P. Antokolsky, M. Isakovsky, K. Simonov, A. Tarkovsky and others), and young front-line soldiers, of which at the front and in post-war years a new generation of poets was formed (S. Gudzenko, M. Dudin, M. Lukonin, S. Narovchatov, V. Tushnova, A. Nedogonov, P. Shubin, N. Starshinov, A. Mezhirov, Yu. Drunina, S. Orlov, A. Fatyanov, D. Samoilov, M. Lvov, E. Vinokurov, E. Asadov, M. Sobol, V. Zhukov, V. Kochetkov, N. Panchenko, A. Balin, B. Okudzhava, K. Vanshenkin, etc.) . Some of them came to the army as front-line correspondents, others served as ordinary soldiers and officers. Many war poems became popular songs that are still performed today.
Already in the first hours of the war, V. Lebedev-Kumach created the poem "Holy War", set to music by the composer A. Alexandrov. The song reflected a single patriotic and heroic impulse of the people, hatred for the invaders. This poem begins with a fiery appeal addressed to the whole country: “Get up, huge country, get up for a mortal battle!” Simple, not ornate words were easy to remember for everyone. It is no coincidence that this song became the most popular during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War, it sounded solemnly and pathetically when, from the October 1941 parade on Red Square, the fighters were escorted to the front, indeed “to a mortal battle”.



Sergey Narovchatov

PLATOON HOLIDAY

German convoy with forty wheels
Captured by us today.
Canned food, cognac, a bale of cigarettes
And the regimental flag.

Halt. But sleep is delayed for a while:
For the first time in a whole year
With my permission, drunken drunk
Separate reconnaissance platoon.

Guys - everyone will come out at three,
You say - to the whole world!
And I am king and god over them
And a platoon leader.

Tomit in spring forest April,
Random evening is quiet.
And light hops roam
In my scouts.

I listen once again
Ringing blue smoke
How my contact tells the story
About the prisoners taken by him.

Behind him, contrary to reason,
Another story is ready:
Wine unties tongues
And binds "languages".

And I'm more sober than others to sit
Stated…
How well they know how to hop
My golden boys.

German convoy with forty wheels
Captured by us today.
Canned food, cognac, a bale of cigarettes
And the regimental flag.


Mikhail Dudin

We'll talk about the dead later.
Death in war is common and harsh.
And yet we catch air with our mouths
With the death of comrades. Not a word

We don't speak. Without looking up
IN damp earth dig a hole.
The world is rough and simple. Hearts burned. in us
Only ashes remain, yes stubbornly
The weathered cheekbones are brought together.

Three hundred and fifty days of the war.
Even the dawn did not tremble on the leaves,
And for the sake of warning, machine guns were fired ...
Here is the place. Here he died
My comrade from the machine gun company.

It was useless to call doctors,
He wouldn't make it until dawn.
He didn't need anyone's help.
He was dying. And realizing this

He looked at us, and silently waited for the end,
And somehow smiled clumsily.
The tan first faded from the face,
Then it, darkening, petrified.


Julia Drunina

I left my childhood in a dirty car,
In the infantry echelon, in the sanitary platoon.
Distant breaks listened and did not listen
Accustomed to everything forty-first year.

I came from school to the dugouts damp,
From the Beautiful Lady to "mother" and "rewind",
Because the name is closer than "Russia"
Couldn't find.


David Samoilov

Words smell like gunpowder for a long time.
Pine trees have trunks too.
Stumps stand like clean tables
And they have honey resin on them.

The women beat with rollers over the pond -
Sleepers dream of gun thunder.
Like a landmine, the basement sighs,
Echoing the collapse.

To us the war invades the bed
Sounds suddenly awakened
An ache of shot bones,
Silence of burnt hands.

For a long time the words will be remembered
Gun barrel colors.
For a long time there will be pines over the grass
Powder blue oxide.

And there's no cure
Nervous restlessness.
"Who goes?" - waking up we scream
And we fumble our revolvers under the cheek.


Boris Slutsky

hand
pulling
to the thigh
tighter
I crawled on the right
on one.
It was bad.
It was much worse
than two
and than before the war.

It was July. The war was - a week.
Something like: a month, two...
Behind the back legibly clattered
Germans.
The head was spinning.

Crawled until the hand went numb.
Got up. Went to growth.
Bullets small body.
My big torso.

Bullets sang past. Didn't hit.
In the hole, in the one that was dug for me,
Apparently, the comrades fell.


Semyon Gudzenko

Lived for twenty years.
But for the year of the war
we saw blood
and saw death
Just,
how they see dreams.
I will keep all this in my memory:
and the first death in the war,
and the first night
when in the snow
we slept back to back.
I am the son
I'll teach you how to make friends,
let it go
he won't have to fight
he will be with a friend
shoulder to shoulder
like us,
walk on the ground.
He will know:
last cracker
is divided into two.
... Moscow autumn,
Smolensk January.
Many are no longer alive.
wind trekking,
spring wind
April has risen again.
Steel on time
big war
more courageous heart
hands are stronger
weighty words.
And much became clearer.
...And you
still not right
I have become softer.


Konstantin Simonov

Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region,
How endless, evil rains fell,
How weary women carried krinki to us,
Pressing, like children, from the rain to their chest,

How they furtively wiped away the tears,
As after us they whispered: - Lord save you! -
And again they called themselves soldiers,
As it was the old tradition in great Rus'.

Measured by tears more often than miles,
There was a path, on the hillocks hiding from the eyes:
Villages, villages, villages with graveyards,
As if all of Russia had converged on them,

As if behind every Russian outskirts,
Protecting the living with the cross of their hands,
Having come together with the whole world, our great-grandfathers pray
For their unbelieving grandchildren in God.

You know, probably, after all, Motherland -
Not a city house, where I lived festively,
And these country roads that grandfathers passed,
With simple crosses of their Russian graves.

I don't know about you, but me with the village
Road melancholy from village to village,
With a widow's tear and a woman's song
For the first time the war on country roads brought.

Do you remember, Alyosha: a hut near Borisov,
For the dead weeping girlish cry,
A gray-haired old woman in a plush cloak,
All in white, as if dressed for death, an old man.

Well, what can we say to them, how could we console them?
But, understanding grief with his woman's instinct,
Do you remember, the old woman said: - Dear,
As long as you go, we'll be waiting for you.

"We'll wait for you!" the pastors told us.
"We'll wait for you!" - said the woods.
You know, Alyosha, at night it seems to me
That their voices follow me.

According to Russian customs, only conflagrations
On Russian soil scattered behind,
Comrades were dying before our eyes
In Russian, tearing the shirt on the chest.

Bullets with you still have mercy on us.
But, believing three times that life is all,
I was still proud of the sweetest,
For the bitter land where I was born

For the fact that I was bequeathed to die on it,
That the Russian mother gave birth to us,
That, seeing us off to battle, a Russian woman
In Russian, she hugged me three times.


Bulat Okudzhava

Oh, war, what have you done, vile:
our yards became quiet,
our boys raised their heads -
they have matured,
barely loomed on the threshold
and left, after the soldier - the soldier ...
Goodbye boys!
Boys
try to go back.
No, don't hide, be tall
spare no bullets or grenades
and don't spare yourself
And still
try to go back.

Oh, war, what have you done, vile one:
instead of weddings - separation and smoke,
our girls dresses are white
gave away to their sisters.
Boots - well, where can you get away from them?
Yes, green wings of shoulder straps ...
You spit on the gossips, girls.
We'll settle accounts with them later.
Let them talk that you have nothing to believe in,
that you are going to war at random ...
Goodbye girls!
Girls,
try to go back.


Alexander Mezhirov

DREAM (there was a fight...)

There was a fight.
And we're tired of losing
Everything that a person has.
Colonel joked:
- Sleepy grouse...-
And fell from fatigue on the snow.

And we did not really want to live, -
That February, the fourth day,
We have conquered
Our courage
In truth, it was just fatigue.

We didn't want to live
And we fell asleep.
Maybe we just wanted to sleep.
We turned our heads blissfully
In deep sleep
Towards our dreams.

I was having a dream.
In its wide course
The resinous hull of the ship slid,
Salt wind loaded the sails,
Instilling fear and fun soul.

I had a dream about a distant woman
About a cruel woman
Like a war.
Inviting eyes with a veil
She led me to the deck.

And next to her I stood at the helm,
And in the coastal thickets,
not far away,
The cuckoo cuckooed so hard
So that we can't lose count.

And we flew into the green somewhere.
It was light on both sides.
This is how half-dead soldiers slept
Shlisselburg is a thousand steps away.

Night bonfire of a random halt
Already turned to ash by a third.
I woke up.
cuckoo cuckoo,
And it was impossible to die.