Today, the price of gasoline is constantly going up, even though the price of oil is falling all the time. This makes local craftsmen think about finding an alternative to a product that is constantly rising in price. But, is it possible to make gasoline in artisanal home conditions, and how can this be done. We are all sure that gasoline can only be made on large industrial enterprises. However, is it really so?

Take a look around: what can be made from oil

Very many of the objects around us, to a greater or lesser extent, consists of oil. Clothes, a toothbrush, a TV set, an electric kettle, a lamp, dishes, toys, and many other items that we use in everyday life are made of plastic, and, therefore, are the result of activity. chemical industry with the use of oil.

Oil is one of the most valuable and massively used types of raw materials. The states that own its vast deposits can be said to control the world economy and processes.

For thousands of years, people have studied natural resources and tried to extract useful qualities from them. By examining the structure of oil, chemists have found that it is possible to make a lot of things out of it. useful products, and now the life of a person is surrounded by many objects, things and means that are made of black gold. Under a certain pressure and temperature, various unnecessary impurities are removed from the oil and pure petroleum products are created.

Oil objects that surround us:

Fuel;
Plastic;
Polyethylene and plastic;
Synthetics;
Cosmetical tools;
Medical preparations;
Household and household items.

It is almost impossible to list all the products that are produced on the basis of oil. The total number can be determined by a figure within 6000 such products.

What is made from coal: making gasoline at home

Experts say that in order to make gasoline from coal just at home, there are two very interesting and proven ways. They were developed by German scientists in the early years of the last century. During the great patriotic war all German technology powered by coal diesel fuel. Indeed, in Germany and the FRG there were no oil fields, but the extraction and processing of coal worked smoothly. The Germans made liquid diesel fuel and excellent synthetic gasoline from brown coal.

From point of view chemical compounds coal is not much different from oil. They have one base - hydrogen and the combustible element carbon. True, there is less hydrogen in coal, however, a combustible mixture can be obtained if the hydrogen indicators are equalized.

One ton of coal can produce up to 80 kg of gasoline. However, at the same time, our coal should contain about 35% of volatile substances. At the beginning of processing, coal is crushed to a pulverized state. After that, the coal dust is well dried, mixed with fuel oil or oil to obtain a paste-like mass. After adding the missing hydrogen, the raw material is placed in a specialized autoclave and heated to a temperature of 500 degrees, while forcing a pressure of 200 bar.

Gasoline from garbage at home: expert opinion

After doing some research, scientists from the Tomsk Research Institute came to the conclusion that gasoline can be made from a lot of waste that we throw in the trash, without even thinking about its possible further use.

Experiments of scientists have proved that about one liter of fuel, gasoline, is obtained from one kilogram of crushed ordinary plastic bottles.

These scientists in Tomsk have developed a special facility that converts carbonaceous waste into synthetic fuel. Its action lies in the fact that under the action high temperature in plastic, carbon-containing substances are destroyed, and as a result of the synthesis of hydrogen and carbon, the necessary gasoline molecules are obtained. And when developing a large number gasoline, you can get fuel oil, gasoline of any brand, and diesel fuel.

Scientists say that today you can get gasoline yourself not only from plastic bottles, suitable for this:

rubber tires;
Garbage;
Firewood;
Pallets;
Leaves;
Nut shell;
Husk from seeds;
Waste sawdust and rubber;
Corn kernels;
Peat;
Straw;
Reeds;
weeds;
Cane;
Old sleepers;
Dry manure of birds and animals;
Medical waste.

And it's not yet full list objects that are suitable in order to extract from them the substances that are so necessary to ensure the vital activity.

Making gasoline from rubber tires with your own hands

Oil is a flammable liquid that is of natural origin, It consists of all kinds of hydrocarbons, as well as a certain number of others. organic matter. The production of gasoline from oil produced in the earth is the lot of oil refineries, however, as a curious experiment, it is possible to obtain it in small quantities at home.

For this you will need:

3 refractory containers;
Rubber waste;
Distiller;
Bake.

Keep the kids away. Having prepared a container with a tight-fitting lid, it is necessary to attach a heat-resistant tube. This will be our retort. For a condenser, any container is suitable for us, but in order to make a water seal, you need to find a strong vessel with two tubes. Need to collect this device for liquid hydrocarbons, connect the pipe from the retort lid to the condenser, and insert the hose. Connect its second end to the water seal pipe. We connect the second shutter tube to the furnace and put the retort on it. We get a closed system for the production of high-temperature pyrolysis. We can only load rubber tires and wait for gasoline at the outlet.

How to make gasoline at home (video)

Oil is by far the main source of energy and synthetic materials on Earth. It is difficult to imagine our world without cars, electricity, aircraft and other things. A lot depends on oil, and it seems that we ourselves depend on it. But isn't it time for us to find others, alternative ways extraction of fuel from the funds that lie under our feet? It's so easy to take and recycle garbage. Much easier than exhausting Natural resources and depend on those who mine them.

Production of biogas for cars from smuggled products seized at customs and agricultural waste. While the company is planning to create the first filling stations with biofuel, Lenta.ru recalls what else humanity has learned to produce from its own waste.

Oil underfoot

Oil can be extracted not only from underground, but also from what is lying underfoot. Businessman Vyacheslav Zelinsky from Yekaterinburg, who makes synthetic oil from plastic waste, is sure of this. Mineral water bottles and sunflower oil, packages from cakes and eggs, substrates for semi-finished products, bags - everything that is usually left to rot in landfills or burned. The inventor also has his own "oil wells" - he placed containers for collecting plastic on several streets.

From one ton of garbage, which takes 12 hours to process, up to 700 liters of synthesis oil are obtained. It is also produced ecologically. in a safe way: using an installation that works on the principle of a moonshine still. Plastic is heated to a certain temperature and then compressed. As a result, gas is released without access to oxygen and without emissions into the atmosphere and liquid synthetic oil is obtained. It can be used as fuel. “After deep cleaning, we get solvents, we use them for paintwork. She's got this quality. This is called the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction. this moment in demand in the market. Its cost is from 40 to 50 thousand rubles per ton,” Vyacheslav Zelinsky said. The businessman does not yet produce oil from garbage on an industrial scale, now he is busy improving the technology.

inhabited island

Very effective method to get rid of garbage was invented in Singapore - an island was built from it. In 2015, the city produced 21,000 tons of garbage daily, 60 percent of which was subjected to recycling, another 38 percent were burned and about 2 percent were sent to burial grounds.

The construction of the artificial island Semaku began in 1999. Today, its area is 350 hectares (63 million cubic meters of land), but the construction of the island will continue until 2040. According to the plan, the area of the island should be 654 football fields. At the same time, Semaku does not look like a garbage dump - it is an ordinary island with trees, flowers and a wide pier, from which waste is dumped into the sea area.

In fact, the island is created from bags, bottles and other waste - recycled. Every day, hundreds of special vehicles bring up to 3,000 tons of new garbage to factories. It is dried in huge bunkers and then burned in furnaces. The heat from the furnace heats the water, which in turn turns a turbine and generates electricity. 80 megawatts per hour is enough to provide energy to the plant and surrounding areas. Garbage dust is transported to the naval base and poured into tanks, which are then picked up by a tugboat and transported 30 kilometers to the sea. After that, garbage dust is poured into the cells, from where water is previously pumped out. In order for the island to retain its shape, a 7 km long dam road was laid along its perimeter, which supports the coastline, as well as special plastic plates - this is the skeleton of the island.

An environmental monitoring service operates on Semaku - it constantly checks the quality of water in the water area around the island. The ecological situation here is favorable, you can swim and fish.

washed ashore

In 2011, conservationists built on one of central squares Madrid Beach Garbage Hotel. This original structure became part of the Save the Beach project, through which activists tried to draw public attention to the pollution of coastal areas.

The construction of the hotel took 12 tons of garbage thrown by the tide on the shores of Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain, collected from garbage dumps and bought at flea markets in Europe.

Photo: Zumapress / Globallookpress.com

The design of the "useful" hotel for travelers was carried out by the German architect Ha Schult, who had previously opened the same hotel from garbage in the center of Rome.

Greenpeace approves

Plastic is a real scourge of modern civilization. It makes up the bulk of waste on land and in water. According to 2014 estimates, there were 268,940 tons of plastic on the surface of the ocean, and total individual pieces of plastic waste amounted to 5.25 trillion. About 10 percent of all beaches in the world are polluted with plastic waste. IN pacific ocean already drifting a veritable garbage island, dense deposits of plastic and other waste, twice the size of the United States.

Curiously, a partial solution to this problem was found back in 1979 in Massachusetts. It was there that fleece was invented - an ultra-warm fabric that can be made from recycled plastic bottles. The inventor himself refused to patent the material so that it could be made everywhere and cheaply.

The production of one piece of fleece requires an average of 25 plastic two-liter bottles. Winter Jacket from this material, which will take 40 bottles, can be an excellent substitute for leather and fur products. A few years ago, Greenpeace launched a campaign to promote this material as a sustainable alternative to fur coats and down jackets.

The bottles are pressed, crushed, heated to a temperature of 270 degrees and a special fiber (polyester) is obtained. It is used to make fabric (fleece) for the production of warm clothes. The Italian company Zegna has gone even further by launching the Ecotech project. The manufacturer has released a recycled plastic jacket with built-in solar panels at the top of the sleeves. With this jacket, you can recharge your phone or laptop anywhere.

It doesn't smell

A replacement for traditional oil was also found at one of the universities in North Carolina. They developed a process to use pig manure as a cheap substitute for oil in the production of road asphalt.

Photo: Daniel Maurer / DPA / Globallookpress.com

Researchers have found that pig waste is especially rich in oils, much like oil. Their class is too low to make gasoline, but it is quite suitable for asphalt. With funding from the National Science Foundation, the group developed a technology to turn waste into black bitumen, a sticky binder that can be used to create asphalt. The cost of producing bitumen from manure is $0.56 per gallon (3.785 liters). It turned out that these raw materials are much cheaper and more environmentally friendly than oil-based binders on the US market.

The inventors claim that such asphalt will not have an unpleasant odor, since volatile fatty acids (they can be recognized as pig manure) are filtered out during processing.

Bioasphalt is currently being tested. And because the results have been successful so far, a group of researchers have created Bio-Adhesives to expand the development. According to them, such production could solve a serious environmental problem- large volumes of wastewater from farms in the agricultural states of the country. The development could be useful not only in the US: 43 billion gallons of pig manure are produced annually in the world.

As you know, polymer waste is a new "natural" disaster. Plastic bags have become the bane of our existence. They pollute waterways, get tangled in the branches of trees and bushes, and break down hundreds of years into smaller particles. The fact is that plastic decomposes for a very long time, accumulating on the surface of the earth and in the waters of the ocean. Every year, America uses 380 million plastic bags, and only an average of 7% of them are recycled. The US Environmental Protection Agency cited disappointing data, according to which in 2008 alone, over 3 million tons of waste was generated in this state. Only 13.6% of them were disposed of. "Frightening" forecasts were published by the consulting company Petro Strategies, whose experts came to the conclusion that the world's oil reserves will last until 2057, and gas - until 2064.

Such disappointing forecasts and the increase in the volume of unrecycled plastic waste make it possible to assert that soon there will be no natural resources left on Earth that are used in the production of plastics, especially those based on hydrocarbons. It is from this type of plastic that cases for electronic devices are made. Note that oil can be obtained not only from electronic waste, but from any plastic that meets the necessary criteria. For example, most of the plastics used in electronics are made from hydrocarbons. First of all, we are talking about ABS plastic, polycarbonate and polypropylene. True, there are no hydrocarbons in PVC and some other plastics, which means that it is impossible to turn them into oil.

In Japan, there are very few places where you can take your garbage, as in the rest of the world. But we can turn an everyday product into a source of fuel and reduce the accumulation of plastic bags.

machine that recycles plastic bags into fuel, plastic, back into oil, was invented in Japan. The creator of this amazing and, importantly, compact device is Akinori Ito from Blest Corporation. The advantage of his small machine is that the items do not need to be crushed.

Ito's inspiration came from a simple understanding that plastic is made from oil, so turning it back into oil shouldn't be very difficult. The highly efficient, environmentally friendly machine can process polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene, but not PET bottles.

Recycling of plastics is carried out as follows: unnecessary plastic (bags, bottles, etc.) must be loaded into the machine. It must be said that before loading plastic garbage must be cleaned of dirt and food debris.

When heated in an electric heater, the plastic is converted into gas, which is then cooled in a water radiator. Plastic waste in the installation is heated, the vapors released during the process are sent to special system pipes where they settle, cool and condense into crude oil. Crude oil can be used for heat generators and furnaces, or processed into gasoline.

Akinori Ito: "You're just laying plastic bags and boxes inside as you have them. Then it is easier to understand that they turn into oil. I turn on the unit... the temperature will start to rise. The plastic begins to melt and turn into a liquid. After the liquid boils, the gas will begin to pass through the tube into the water. This is tap water, it cools the gas and turns the gas into oil. Oil can just burn. But you can also continue the recycling process and get gasoline, diesel and kerosene. You can use the resulting oil to run a car or motorcycle, or a generator, boiler, stove. You can also use it like regular oil. If you burn 1 kg of plastic, it will turn into 3 kg of carbon dioxide. With my method, about 1 liter of oil can be obtained from 1 kg of plastic.

Talks about global warming have been going on since 2000. When loading 1 kg of plastic into a miracle machine, we get 1 liter of oil product at the output, while spending 1 kW electrical energy, but without harmful CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere.

When Akinori Ito first created such a recycling process in the summer of 2010, he explained that by converting plastic into oil, CO 2 pollution is eliminated: “In Japan, we use oil that comes to us from afar - from Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia. It is purified at the refinery and brought on tankers. And we buy it at gas stations. The CO 2 emission is very high. If plastic waste were turned back into oil, our total emissions into the atmosphere would be much lower. If the whole world started doing this, then the amount of carbon dioxide would decrease significantly. With electricity and heat, we can turn it back into oil and cut CO2 emissions by about 80%. Even in developed countries garbage is thrown away by people who are indifferent to the environment. IN developing countries, even if they care, they don't know how... So I bring this machine and train them. This is the only unit that can be transported by air. We bring it to Africa, the Philippines or the Marshall Islands. And together with local children we collect garbage and make oil. People are beginning to understand that this is not garbage. This plastic waste, bottle caps, lunch boxes are oil. So when the child understands this, the garbage disappears. People don't know that garbage is oil. So they throw it away. If they find out that it turns into oil, then they will collect it. This oil deposit, plastic oil field".

Although final product plastic recycling - fuel that will then be burned with the release of CO 2, innovative method recycling has revolutionized the way plastics are recycled. For this system, household, home materials are suitable. Thus, it greatly contributes to creating energy independence among consumers and reducing the need to extract more oil from the earth.
The device invented by Akinori Ito is produced in various modifications both for industrial and home use.

The processing of plastics into oil is already used in the industry. For example, there is a large enterprise operating near Washington that is currently testing a similar process.

Akinori Ito's Be-h is available to anyone willing to pay $10,000 for it. But Ito hopes to lower that price as his machine becomes more popular and widespread. The inventor speculates that when his apparatus is "put on the assembly line", the cost of Be-h will fall and the processing of plastics into oil at home will become more affordable.

The processing of plastics into oil in households makes it possible to use the resulting "black gold" as fuel for some types of power generators and stoves.

Professor Georgy Lisichkin, Head of the Laboratory of Organic Catalysis, Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, does not share Akinori Ito's optimism regarding the use of the device at home. Mr. Lisichkin notes that there are no power generators for cottages that would run on oil. And the processing of plastics into "black gold" requires a fairly large amount of plastic waste. According to the professor, such a device is much more justified not in households, but in manufacturing enterprises.

Ekaterina Borisova

Instruction

For the manufacture of gasoline, first of all, containers. First of all, it is a metal barrel with a tight-fitting lid. A heat-resistant tube must be connected to the lid. You will use this vessel as a retort. Any container is suitable for a condenser, and a strong vessel with two tubes is suitable for a water seal. One of the tubes will have to be, and the second - on the surface.

Assemble the device for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons. Connect the pipe coming out of the retort cover. Insert the hose into. Connect its other end to the water seal tube, which will be under. Connect the second shutter tube to the stove, and put the retort on the stove. You will get a closed system for high temperature (pyrolysis).

Load into retort rubber waste and close the lid. Heat up the contents strong fire. Under the action of high temperature, decomposition occurs. The bonds between molecules are broken. This is followed by the sublimation of the separated molecules. They enter the condenser, where the temperature is much lower. Accordingly, vapors begin to accumulate there, and then condense. Substance becomes liquid state of aggregation, this is artificial oil.

In the process of pyrolysis, not only liquid hydrocarbons are formed, but also a mixture of gases. That is why the system must be closed. Most of the gas is methane, which passes through all the elements of the device and, in the end, enters the furnace. There it burns superbly, helping to maintain the right temperature and not consuming excess fuel.

What is in your capacitor is not yet. To turn the contents of the condenser into fuel, a distiller is needed - like the one used in moonshine stills. There should be no open fire. In this case, an electric stove is preferable. The boiling point is not very high, maximum 200°C, but can be much lower. It all depends on the quality of the waste from which "synthetic oil" is made.

Methanol is the new gasoline

The principle of obtaining methanol from natural gas is that the gas at an elevated temperature reacts with water vapor and catalysts, as a result of which the so-called "synthesis gas" is first formed, from which, in turn, is formed.

Studies show that methyl alcohol can be used as a high-octane additive to regular gasoline. In addition, methanol can be used as a fuel on its own - its octane number is 115.

The car engine, which is filled with methyl alcohol instead of gasoline, lasts much longer. At the same time, only by replacing one type of fuel with another, engine power is automatically increased by 20%. There are no harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of a car running on methyl alcohol.

Getting alcohol from gas

An apparatus for producing methanol from natural gas can be designed independently. It consists of two tubes - one of them is connected to a tap with cold water, the other - to the source of natural gas (or cylinder). The ends of both tubes enter the mixer, in which the mixture of gas and water vapor is heated by a burner to a temperature of about 100-120 degrees. From the mixer, the gas-water mixture enters the reactor filled with a catalyst. The catalyst is 25% nickel and 75% aluminium. In the reactor, under the influence of high temperature (about 500 degrees) and a catalyst, synthesis gas is formed from a gas-water mixture, consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Next, hot synthesis gas enters the refrigerator, where it is cooled to a temperature of 35-40 degrees and enters the compressor, where it is compressed to a pressure of several atmospheres. At the next stage, the synthesis gas enters the second reactor filled with a catalyst consisting of a mixture of 20% zinc and 80% copper. Here, at a temperature of 270 degrees, methanol is formed from synthesis gas, which is then condensed in a refrigerator and drained into a container.

According to people experimenting with making methanol from natural gas, about 3-5 liters of methanol per hour can be produced under conditions. At the same time, the cost of such fuel is a few.

Attention!

Remember that methanol is a poison. Its vapors are flammable. The slightest leak of natural gas from a gas stove or methanol machine can cause an explosion.

Nowadays, everything is related to production, we take raw materials and produce a product, not paying attention to the consequences for the environment. From oil and gas we get not only much-needed all kinds of fuel, but also consumer goods. But there is so much of this waste that waste recycling technologies have already appeared, entire factories, and rightly so. Reducing waste, reducing the use of raw materials, it is, unfortunately, of course, and, finally, protecting the environment.

Plastic bottles are a wonderful invention, how many problems have been solved, they do not break, high-tech production, etc., etc., but as a waste, a very large environmental pollutant does not rot naturally. What craftsmen didn’t come up with: they covered the roofs of houses, from cut bottles, collected them into rafts, and much more, because the source material is free, you just need to collect required amount to bring your idea to life, and all costs.

But American scientists came up with the technology to return plastic bottles to their original state. Washington DC-based Envion has developed a method to turn plastic bottles into oil. To do this, they created the Envion Oil GeneratorTM with a capacity of 50,000 barrels of oil from 10,000 tons of plastic bottles per year. The cost of producing 1 ton of oil using this technology is 17USD. In addition, this generator, this generator is easy to operate and install, high-performance, absolutely harmless to the environment, since no harmful emissions are formed during the production process.

The technological process of oil production is based on the extraction of hydrocarbons from plastic, and there is no need to use any catalysts, since the whole process takes place by cooling the raw material (plastic bottles) by thermal cracking in a vacuum.

With the help of this progressive method for processing plastic bottles into oil, several problems can be immediately solved: - firstly, the reduction of waste, which, as mentioned above, does not rot, but only clog environment, - secondly, a new source of oil, a raw material much needed national economy, which is competitive in price with natural oil - thirdly, the creation of new jobs, which is also not unimportant in our time.

Today, there is hardly any production that recycles plastic bottles, so they are simply thrown away, littering the environment. Based on this, the potential for commercialization of this idea of producing oil from plastic waste very large, much more profit that can be made in literally from garbage, because, according to technology, before loading plastic bottles into the generator, there is no need to sort and clean them.

To date, more and more companies have begun to appear in the economy that are introducing progressive methods of processing secondary raw materials, thereby producing new products. This process indicates that global changes are taking place in the economy, the implementation of which will transform it from a resource-based economy into a high-tech “green” economy that will rationally use natural resources and not pollute the environment.