Mushrooms- unique products that cannot be classified as plants or animals. This is a separate species, the composition of which includes both animal proteins and plant components. For this reason, they are nutritious and healthy products. By no means, there is back side medals. The fact is that not every mushroom is edible. There are many dangerous mushrooms on earth, which are distinguished by a high concentration of poison. In order not to face upset stomach, intestinal disruptions, even death, you must be sure of the correct choice. For this reason, we will consider the most poisonous mushrooms in our world, which definitely cannot be called edible!


Inedible and deadly mushrooms

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The most poisonous mushrooms on the planet include Omphalot olive. It grows, as a rule, in woodland... Sometimes you can find among rotten stumps, rotten deciduous trunks. Mostly in the Crimea. However, in Europe there are many forests where this poisonous mushroom, which resembles a chanterelle, lives. The difference lies in an unpleasant odor and a toxin called illudin S. After entering the body, this poison provokes severe pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Thus, if you noticed an appetizing chanterelle, as it seemed to you, check the "catch" for the smell!


A dangerous mushroom growing in the northern hemisphere of the planet. Often, a pungent-pungent russula can be found in deciduous and coniferous forests... It is worth noting that with proper processing, this product is suitable for nutrition, by no means many people have enough knowledge to cook a russula. In addition, even when properly processed, this mushroom is quite bitter and unpleasant. The pronounced pungency still attracts many gourmets and connoisseurs of delicacies. The raw mushroom contains a high concentration of muscarine poison. Even a small hit leads to disruption of the stomach and vomiting.


In conifers and deciduous forests another of the most poisonous mushrooms, called fly agaric. This species takes root, most often in temperate climates. That is, on the territory of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth. It is worth noting that the panther fly agaric is so poisonous that no processing is afraid of it. Contains several poisons at the same time, including mycoatropine and muscarine. After entering the stomach, it paralyzes the nervous system. It should be added that the presence of alkaloid toxins leads to hallucinations.


One of the most common and dangerous, along with amanita, is foliotin wrinkled. This is a mushroom that grows in Asia, Europe and North America... The danger of this mushroom lies in the presence of a poison called amatoxins. Sufficient pigment pigment has caused many deaths on the planet. The fact is that many connoisseurs of forest attractions confuse this mushroom with the edible blue Psilocyba. As a result of this error, a huge amount of harmful substances penetrates into the body that affect the cells of the gastrointestinal tract.


These natural "poisoners", deservedly related to the most poisonous mushrooms on the planet, grow in groups, heap. It is from this fact that one should make a start if there is a suspicion of green stuff. As a rule, brilliant greens are found in sandy soils of American and European forest zones... It is worth noting that until recently, mushrooms were considered edible, but in 2001, news of poisoning began to appear. As a result of experiments and research, it became known that an excess of toxins from eating greenfinches leads to dire consequences. According to statistics, out of 12 poisonings, 3 fatalities are recorded.


Do not underestimate the danger to human life from the sulfur-yellow false foil. He is not in vain among the most poisonous mushrooms. Contains many toxins that cause severe poisoning. In some cases, not timely health care leads to death. False grass grows, as a rule, in coniferous forests. From the name it is clear why the mushroom is so dangerous. The fact is that it is difficult to distinguish it from edibles. Even skilled and experienced foresters sometimes make mistakes. As a result of poisoning, vision is impaired and paralysis overtakes.


Another poisonous and inedible mushroom that causes fear is the slender pig. Despite the harmless name, this plant can cause severe poisoning. As in the case of greenfinches, this mushroom has long been considered edible. By no means, it has now been scientifically proven that an excess of fungus in the intestines leads to dire consequences. Fatal cases are most often associated with impaired renal function. This fungus causes kidney failure, shock, and internal organs... Due to intravascular blood coagulation, it is impossible to provide assistance!


Among the most poisonous mushrooms on Earth is a parasite called Ergot purpurea. A unique species, usually found in herbs and rye. It has a unique purple coloration. Its shape resembles a tooth. In the disputes of this parasite, there are many psychotropic neurotoxins that affect the human nervous system. After entering the intestines, this fungus can cause convulsions, spasms, and mental illness. Deaths are often recorded! The fact is that alkaloids are difficult to remove from the body.

- bitter gall mushroom. Here is a description of poisonous and mushrooms.

The largest number of poisonous species is found in lamellar mushrooms. Of the tubular mushrooms, only one is considered poisonous. It - satanic mushroom... It is extremely rare in our forests. The poisonous lamellar mushrooms there are about 30 species, and they all grow in the forests of the Dnieper region. It should also be borne in mind that any edible, but flabby or long-lying mushroom without processing can cause severe poisoning... Therefore, only young, fresh, strong mushrooms.

Description of Poisonous Mushrooms - Pale Toadstool

The most poisonous and dangerous mushroom - death cap... All parts of it are poisonous: the leg, the cap and even the spores. Neutralize the poisonous substances contained in this most dangerous mushroom no processing is possible.

Pale toadstool, also called fly agaric, grows both singly and in groups from July to October in deciduous and pine forests, often found at forest edges. The cap of the pale toadstool is first bell-shaped, then slightly convex, smooth, silky, without the typical fly agaric flakes, white or slightly greenish, 4 to 11 centimeters in diameter... The plates are frequent and always white. The stem is white, slightly greenish at the base, 7–12 centimeters high, has a clavate thickening surrounded by a white edging. The pulp is white, has no smell. We do not recommend checking the taste.

Pale toadstool poisoning affects after a long time (up to two days), when irreversible biochemical processes occur in the body... Medicine has drugs that can prevent death after poisoning with pale toadstool, but only after diagnosing the fungus, which is not always possible, after two days.

If the pale grebe is a small, unattractive and common mushroom, then satanic mushroom- the complete opposite of it.

This is a large and beautiful mushroom, which may not be found even after several years of intense mushroom hunting... Nevertheless, Satanic mushroom is also found in our forests.

Here is a description of this poisonous mushroom. The hat of the satanic mushroom is convex, gray or olive-gray, diameter up to 25 centimeters... The spore-bearing layer is spongy, yellow, with age it turns into a red-olive color, from touching it it turns blue. The leg is thick, yellow-red. The pulp is white, turns red when cut, then turns blue, has a pleasant smell. Satanic mushroom grows from July to September in oak or mixed (with the presence of oak) forest.

Anyone who has visited at least once autumn forest, by all means caught my eye bright and elegant, like Christmas tree decorations, mushrooms. it fly agarics... They can rightfully be called a decoration of the forest. But these beauties are very dangerous. Their venom works almost immediately causing choking, convulsions, nausea... Amanita poisoning for a person with poor health can become fatal.

All types of fly agarics that grow in our forests, referred to as poisonous mushrooms... Their characteristic feature is: a clavate thickening and a cover in the lower part of the leg, white frequent plates, always a white straight leg with a filmy ring and a snow-white flesh that does not change color at a break. Amanita cap can be painted greenish, pure white ( stinky fly agaric and pale toadstool), to gray, greenish-brown or gray-brown ( fly agaric), pale yellow ( fly agaric), Red ( fly agaric). Hat diameter - from 6 to 20 centimeters... Sometimes there are white flakes on the surface of the cap.

In the old days, fly agarics were used as a means of fighting various kinds of insects, as well as in folk medicine as a remedy for diseases nervous system... They are today used in homeopathy.

Poisonous mushroom fibrous Patuillard

In addition to the previously described poisonous mushrooms: fly agaric, pale toadstool and false honey agarics, (more:) in our forests you can find several more species of very unattractive and, moreover, poisonous lamellar mushrooms. They have thin legs and caps with almost no pulp. In the special literature about mushrooms they are called inocybe and clitocybe(although among the latter there are edible ones). Such mushrooms grow in deciduous, coniferous forests, as well as in plantings, they appear in May.

Among these species, the most poisonous is Fiber Patuillard which can sometimes be mistaken for champignon. The cap of this lamellar mushroom is cone-shaped, with a tubercle in the center, with wavy cracked edges, white, pinkish, orangey, red, red-brown with age, three to nine centimeters in diameter. The plates are thin, thick, whitish, beige, brown with age, of different shades. Leg with a diameter of up to one and a half centimeters, cylindrical, sometimes curved, smooth, matching the color of the cap. The pulp is pale white, does not darken or slightly pink when cut, has a pleasant fruity smell. Occurs from May to August in deciduous forests, plantings and parks.

TO inedible mushrooms should also include the frequent pepper mushroom... It looks like a small oiler or flywheel. But if you look closely at it, you can find obvious differences. The pepper mushroom has a convex brown or reddish cap. The spore-bearing layer is tubular, yellowish-red or brown (white or light yellow in oil, yellowish-greenish in moss). The pulp of the pepper mushroom is yellowish, sometimes turns red at the break (y - white, in the flywheel - turns blue). And, finally, the taste of the pepper mushroom, as you can easily guess from its name, is bitter, pungent, peppery. Although black pepper may seem like a treat by comparison. Pepper mushroom grows singly, in the same places as boletus.

Since ancient times, people began to eat mushrooms. They are not only among the most tasty products food, but also the most satisfying. But not all macromycetes are equally useful and may be usable. Some of their species pose a serious danger to human body due to its high toxicity.

In order not to become a victim of mushrooms that are dangerous to human life and health, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the list of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world.

Omphalot olive

Omphalot olive opens the ten most poisonous mushrooms on the planet. The mushroom has a bright orange color. The place of growth is considered to be European forests. It usually grows on old, rotten stumps. In addition to their attractive appearance, these mushrooms smell very good. But eating them is extremely dangerous to health. Poisoning manifests itself as a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. A person experiences nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, resulting in dehydration.

Burning russula

Burning russula is one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world. Despite the high toxicity, no fatalities have been identified. Conditionally edible when properly processed. This russula tastes bitter, with a pronounced pungency. When used in a large number it causes a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and general weakness.

Amanita muscaria

Amanita muscaria considered one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world, known to man... His hat has white color with a creamy shade and white spots in the form of warts. Strongly poisonous fly agaric is similar in composition to bleached. In case of intoxication, it has a number of similar symptoms in case of bleached poisoning: headaches, tachycardia, visual impairment, speech disorder, hallucinations and convulsions. When a large dose enters the body of the panther fly agaric, a lethal outcome occurs.

Foliotin wrinkled

Foliotin wrinkled is one of the ten most dangerous mushrooms for human health and life. The place of growth is considered to be the northwest of America. These macromycetes bear a resemblance to psilocybin, which is used as medicinal concoctions. Unlike the latter, foliotin wrinkled has a very strong toxicity and can be fatal. When ingested, a person develops liver failure. This leads to general intoxication and death.

Greenfinch

Greenfinch ranked sixth among the most poisonous mushrooms. It got its name because of its green color. For a long time it was considered a conditionally edible mushroom. But recent studies have shown that with regular consumption of "green tea", an acute renal failure... Poisoning manifests itself in the form of weakness, the appearance of seizures, general pain.

Sulfur-yellow false foam

Sulfur-yellow false foam considered one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world. These dangerous macromycetes grow in woodlands. Usually they do not grow alone, but are found in clusters, adjacent to dead tree stumps and roots. The smooth cap has a bright yellow color with a brown tint in the center. After eating, after a few hours, the first symptoms of poisoning appear in the form of vomiting, diarrhea and pain in the side. This species can cause kidney failure, which can be fatal.

The pig is thin

The pig is thin ranks fourth in the list of the most poisonous mushrooms. Another name sounds like "brown roll" because of the color and shape. It was considered edible for a long time. But recent studies have shown that when eaten periodically, the substances contained in this mushroom destroy the blood cells of the white blood cells. Symptoms may not appear immediately after ingestion. The thin pig causes general malaise, vomiting, nausea. After a while, a person begins to have a fever, then renal failure develops, which can be fatal. Signs of poisoning can appear for a long period, and after two weeks death occurs.

Ergot purple

Amanita Ocreata

View fly agaric Amanita Ocreata ranks second among the most poisonous mushrooms in the world. The people also call him as "the angel of death". Distributed in North America in oak forests. This species is yellowish with a brown tint in the center of the cap. When even a small particle of the fungus enters the body, it causes severe poisoning with pronounced symptoms: pain in the side, vomiting, sometimes with blood, diarrhea, etc. Symptoms appear for several days. Full recovery is possible in 1-2 weeks. Hazardous substances, which are part of this fly agaric, destroy the liver and kidneys.

Death cap

Death cap is the most poisonous mushroom in the world. These mushrooms are yellow-green in color with a white border. Distributed in European forests with deciduous trees. If swallowed, it damages vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. This is often fatal. This species is so poisonous that it is not recommended to touch it. with bare hands, and also should not allow contact with mushrooms collected in food. Poisoning symptoms may appear gradually over several days. The poisoned person is pursued by colic, dizziness, vomiting and loose stools. During this period, the destruction of the above organs occurs. When the first signs of poisoning appear, you should immediately seek medical help. This also applies to poisoning with other mushrooms that have made it to our list.

  • Toxicity of the fungi themselves due to the presence of toxins (or mycotoxins)
  • Long-term storage of harvested mushrooms without their culinary processing, or long-term storage of already prepared mushrooms
  • Damage to fungi by pests, in particular, mushroom flies
  • The joint use of certain types of mushrooms (for example, dung beetles - Coprinus) with alcohol
  • The accumulation of substances harmful to the body (heavy metals, etc.) during the growth of the fungus in the fruit bodies
  • Frequent consumption of mushrooms of the Morel family ( Morchellaceae)

Abuse of mushrooms, even of the first category, is harmful to the body, since mushrooms are indigestible food and with a large volume of semi-digested mass in the gastrointestinal tract, intoxication of the body can develop.

Precautions when picking and using mushrooms

The most common cases of mushroom poisoning, which have outward resemblance with edibles and accidentally gather with them. To avoid such a mistake, which can become fatal, it is necessary to study well the general signs of fungi and know characteristic differences poisonous species.

Collect only the types of mushrooms you know. Unknown or questionable fruiting bodies can not be eaten. It should be remembered that characteristic features may be absent in some specimens, for example, white flakes on the cap of fly agarics can be washed off by heavy rain, the cap of a pale toadstool, cut off at the very top, does not allow you to notice the ring.

For children, many mushrooms are much more dangerous than for adults, so the use of even “good” mushrooms by children should be limited.

The danger can be represented by fungi as accumulators of toxic substances (heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides).

First aid measures

In case of severe mushroom poisoning, call a doctor.

Before the arrival of the doctor, the patient is put to bed, the stomach is washed: they give an abundant drink (4-5 glasses boiled water room temperature, drink in small sips) or a light pink solution of potassium permanganate and induce vomiting by pressing a finger or a smooth object on the root of the tongue. To remove the poison from the intestines, immediately after washing the stomach, a laxative is given and an enema is given.

To clarify the diagnosis, save all uneaten mushrooms.

Treatment for mushroom poisoning depends on the type of mushroom. Toadstool poisoning is accompanied by vomiting and dehydration; after gastric lavage, exchange blood transfusion, hemodialysis, glucose with insulin intravenously are carried out, in case of respiratory failure - atropine subcutaneously.

Deadly poisonous mushrooms

Among the mushrooms, there are deadly poisonous species, that is, they can cause fatal poisoning even with a small amount of mushrooms eaten. Deadly poisonous species are considered:

  • Amanita muscaria ( Amanita pantherina)
  • Death cap ( Amanita phalloides)
  • Spring grebe ( Amanita verna)
  • Amanita smelly ( Amanita virosa)
  • Amanita ocreata
  • Galerina bordered ( Galerina marginata)
  • Whitish talker ( Clitocybe dealbata) (Сlitocybe candicans)
  • Mountain webcap ( Cortinarius orellanus)
  • The most beautiful webcap ( Cortinarius speciosissimus) (Cortinarius rubellus)
  • Rod Lopastnik, or Helwell ( Helvella St. Am.) (* what kind of blade, there are many edible species among blades?)
  • Entoloma poisonous ( Entoloma lividum)
  • Entoloma pressed ( Entholoma rhodopolium)
  • Fiber Patuillard ( Inocybe patouillardii)
  • Rough umbrella ( Lepiota aspera)
  • Umbrella brown-red ( Lepiota brunnroincarnata)
  • Umbrella chestnut ( Lepiota castanea)
  • Thyroid umbrella ( Lepiota clypeolaria)
  • Umbrella comb ( Lepiota cristata)
  • Umbrella fleshy reddish ( Lepiota helveola)
  • Silverfish swollen spore ( Lepiota ventriosospora)

Toxicity certain types fungi are currently insufficiently studied, and data from sources are often contradictory. First of all, this applies to lines and false ages, the toxicity of which depends on the growing area. However, the toxins contained in them: in the lines - gyromitrin, and in the false mushrooms - the phallus and amatoxins (toxins of the pale toadstool) - are deadly. Therefore, you should avoid eating them, even if in some sources these mushrooms (line and honeycomb brick-red false) are edible or conditionally edible.

Erroneous "signs" of poisonous mushrooms

Folk omens "allowing to identify poisonous mushrooms" are based on various misconceptions and do not allow judging the danger of mushrooms:

  • Poisonous mushrooms have an unpleasant odor, and edible mushrooms have a pleasant smell (the smell of the pale toadstool is almost identical to the smell of champignons, although according to some, the pale toadstool has no smell at all)
  • "Worms" (insect larvae) are not found in poisonous mushrooms (misconception)
  • All mushrooms in young age edible (pale toadstool is deadly poisonous at any age)
  • Silver objects in a decoction of a poisonous mushroom turn black (delusion)
  • Head of onion or garlic turns brown when cooked with poisonous mushrooms (misconception)
  • Poisonous mushrooms cause milk to sour (delusion)

Poisoning by some mushrooms

Phalloidin poisoning

Occurs with the consumption of certain amish mushrooms, such as pale toadstool, smelly fly agaric, or spring toadstool. The following highly toxic substances are found in the pulp of these mushrooms:

  • fallin
  • several forms of amishin

Fallin is rendered harmless by boiling, while the rest of the poisons are resistant to heat treatment and cannot be removed.

Phalloidin begins to cause profound changes in liver cells soon after ingestion, however, the first symptoms appear after 6 to 24 hours, sometimes after two days. Poisoning begins with severe abdominal pain, indomitable vomiting, sweating and diarrhea, and the body temperature decreases. In severe cases (and almost all such poisonings are severe!), Renal and heart failure begins, coma and death occur. Poisoning can last up to twenty days.

There are no reliable methods of treatment, even with timely medical care, up to 70% of such poisonings are fatal. Successful treatment can be achieved only in the case of a quick diagnosis (before the onset of symptoms), antifhalloid serum and thioctinic acid are used for treatment.

Orellanin poisoning or paraphalloid syndrome

Very severe poisoning, often fatal. Its symptoms are similar to those of phalloidin poisoning. Caused by the heat-resistant toxin orellanin, which is found in mushrooms such as mountain spiderwebs and some small lepiots, such as the fleshy reddish umbrella.

Orellanin is especially insidious in that it has an unusually long latent period of action - the first signs of poisoning appear after a few days or even weeks. This makes both diagnosis and timely treatment very difficult.

The first manifestation is the appearance of an unquenchable thirst, then headaches, pain in the abdomen and kidneys, a feeling of coldness in the limbs. Death can result from irreversible kidney damage.

The fungi that cause this poisoning usually do not attract the attention of mushroom pickers, so cases of poisoning are rare.

Poisoning with red and panther fly agaric

May be accompanied by various types of symptoms, since these mushrooms vary greatly in the content of several poisons. Most often, poisoning is caused by muscarine, muscaridin (mycoatropine) and bufotenin. In the case of the predominance of muscaridine and bufotenin, the main symptoms of poisoning are disorders of the nervous system, accompanied by delirium, hallucinations, hysteria and severe drowsiness. Muscarine causes gastrointestinal upset with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, increased sweating, salivation, anuria, and slow heartbeat. Symptoms usually appear in 1 - 2 hours, so timely medical assistance is possible in the form of gastric lavage and symptomatic support of the nervous system and heart.

Muscarine poisoning

There are mushrooms that contain only muscarine and do not contain other poisons. These include some types of Fibers and Talkers (Clitocybe). Poisoning with these mushrooms manifests itself after 1 - 2 hours, increased salivation, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, and slight constriction of the pupils are characteristic of the muscarinic syndrome. In severe cases, collapse, respiratory failure, and pulmonary edema occur.

First aid consists in removing the poison from the gastrointestinal tract (gastric lavage, intake of adsorbents). Atropine and other M-anticholinergics are used as an antidote. There may also be indications for the use of adrenergic agonists or glucocorticoids.

Morel mushroom poisoning

May be caused by different kinds lines, the use of improperly prepared dishes from morel mushrooms or their excessive use. The active principle is a number of substances called gyromitrins. These poisons can be partially (in morels) or completely (in individual copies of the lines) heat-resistant, so the lines cannot be eaten at all, and the morels must be boiled beforehand by draining the water. Gyromitrins have a hemolytic effect, symptoms of poisoning are an increase in the hemoglobin content in the blood, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea and severe drowsiness. In severe cases, convulsions occur, coma and death occur.

Hallucinogen poisoning

The most studied as hallucinogenic are the mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe, which contain psilocin and psilocybin as an active principle. There is also information about the hallucinogenic properties of some mushrooms from the genera Panaeolus) and Conocybe. The poisons of these mushrooms are classified as psychotomimetics or psychodysleptics - substances that cause mental disorders. Poisoning is accompanied by a rapid decrease in blood pressure, severe sweating, dilated pupils, a feeling of intoxication and a breakdown. Soon, signs of severe psychosis with hallucinations appear, ideas about space and time are distorted, there may be depressive states, sometimes leading to suicide.

Dung beet poisoning

These mushrooms are eaten as conditionally edible, however, if alcohol is consumed with them, it may occur dangerous poisoning... You can also get poisoned if you take alcohol within 1 - 2 days after eating this mushroom.
Signs of poisoning: anxiety, facial flushing, slow heart rate and pain in the intestines. The syndrome usually lasts 2 to 3 days.

This effect is sometimes explained by the fact that dung beetles contain a poisonous substance, insoluble in water, but highly soluble in alcohol. According to other, more plausible data, active principle (coprin) inhibits the enzyme aldehyde oxidase, thereby delaying the metabolism of alcohol at the stage of formation of acetaldehyde, which has a toxic effect.

Gastrointestinal poisoning

Typical gastrointestinal symptoms can be caused by many mushrooms, which are generally considered to be mildly poisonous, as well as conditionally edible if not properly cooked. Such poisoning can also occur when eating old, overripe mushrooms, or those that have been stored for a long time in improper conditions.

Symptoms appear within a few hours in the form of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and fever, in severe cases accompanied by convulsions and loss of consciousness. Poisoning usually goes away after a few days, but it can provoke serious complications, especially in children and the elderly.

The most famous poisonous fungi of intestinal action:

  • Giant pink plate, or tin entoloma and other types of pink plate

Conditionally edible mushrooms:

  • Many species of the genus lactarius
  • Some russula

The danger of fungi that have accumulated toxicants from the external environment

Accumulation of heavy metals

Accumulation of radionuclides

Fungi contaminated with cesium-137 and other radionuclides are also dangerous, primarily as a result of the Chernobyl fallout, emissions and explosion at the Mayak nuclear plant, and emissions from nuclear power plants. In 2009, Rospotrebnadzor published data on mushrooms in Leningrad region, the content of cesium-137 in which significantly exceeds the norm: up to 1390 Bq / kg (in the Kingisepp region) with the maximum permissible level of the content of cesium-137 in fresh mushrooms 500 Bq / kg (according to Russian and Ukrainian legislation) and 370 Bq / kg (according to Belarusian legislation. Published studies show that near the Leningrad NPP the level of mushroom pollution is noticeably higher.

According to the degree of accumulation of cesium-137 (radiocaesium), edible mushrooms are divided into four groups:

  1. weakly accumulating (safer): oyster mushroom, champignon, pearl raincoat, variegated umbrella mushroom, honey agarics;
  2. medium-accumulating: boletus, boletus, gray ryadovka, common chanterelle, porcini mushroom;
  3. highly accumulating: russula, lactarius, green tea;
  4. radioactive cesium accumulators (the most dangerous): boletus, mushrooms, pig, bitter, Polish mushroom.

Radiation more actively passes into mushrooms with a developed mycelium. In mushroom caps, the concentration of radionuclides is 1.5-2 times higher than in the legs, this is especially typical for mushrooms with a well-developed stem (porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, polish mushroom). Reducing the content of cesium-137 in mushrooms can be achieved by boiling them for 30-60 minutes in salt water with the addition of vinegar or citric acid with a 2-3-fold change of broth.

For a long time, gathering, along with hunting, were the main occupations of a person, and today, at the end of summer and in autumn, dozens of mushroom pickers go out on a "hunt" for mushrooms. But among all the variety of mushrooms, there are those that are better not to be eaten, as this can lead to serious illness, and often death. Therefore, we will consider the category of poisonous mushrooms, and find out which is the most poisonous mushroom in the world.

Poisonous mushrooms of Russia

In Russia, reports of mushroom poisoning in the summer-autumn period are received at the operational points of the Ministry of Emergency Situations almost daily. To avoid trouble, the "enemy", as they say, you need to know by sight, and know how to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible ones.

Amanita phalloides

One of the most poisonous mushrooms in the vast expanses of Russia, it is better not to allow poisoning with this representative of the large genus Amanita.

The danger is that the outwardly pale toadstool strongly resembles edible forest mushrooms, and therefore can easily fall into the basket of an inexperienced mushroom picker.

Above the cap of the toadstool is a white ring, which is a characteristic sign of the pale toadstool.

Amanita muscaria / Amanita muscaria

Amanita muscaria looks very beautiful and appetizing, but it is strictly forbidden to eat them, and the name itself should scare away those who want to feast on a forest dweller.

Amanita muscaria is widespread almost everywhere, growing in groups or alone. Mainly they give preference to birch forests.

Not considered fatally toxic, but can cause hallucinations and severe poisoning.

False Chanterelle / Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca

Poisonous mushrooms also include the so-called "doubles of edibles", which, although similar in appearance, contain poison that is dangerous to health and life.

The false chanterelle both in the shape of the cap and in the bright orange color resembles its edible relative. It grows in families, and rarely singly.

But still, u edible chanterelle lighter in color, the cap is flat, but the edges are slightly wavy. The false chanterelle also has an empty leg.

Poisonous mushrooms of Ukraine

In the vastness of Ukraine, due to geographical proximity and a similar climate, almost the same mushrooms grow as in Russia, but there are some species differences, which we will present.

Entoloma poisonous / Entoloma sinuatum

The most dangerous mushroom from the genus Entomola grows in the Carpathian region, mainly in the vast virgin steppes, but it can also be found in deciduous forests.

It develops throughout the summer, and disappears by the beginning of autumn. This is one of the largest representatives of this genus, and the cap sometimes reaches 25 cm.

It was first discovered and described in 1788, and in 1871 it received its modern name, and is listed in reference books as poisonous. In Russia, they grow in the North Caucasus and some regions of Siberia, but these are rather rare mushrooms.

Fiber Patuillard / Inocybe erubescens

The Russian name for this dangerous mushroom- The fiber is blushing and is one of the most deadly species in the genus Inocybe.

In Ukraine, it grows from July to November, mainly in coniferous and deciduous forests. Locally found in Europe and Asia. The hat is umbrella-shaped with a diameter of 3 to 9 cm, and the leg reaches a height of up to 10 cm.

Fibers contain a toxic alkaloid - muscarine, which can cause severe poisoning and lead to death.

Slender Pig / Paxillus involutus

According to Wikipedia, this species was considered conditionally edible for a long time, but then it was included in the category of poisonous harmful mushrooms.

It is found in almost all types of forests, choosing moist shady places, and can grow on tree trunks. The hat reaches a diameter of 15 cm, and the pig's color varies from light brown to rusty brown.

For the first time, poisoning from eating thin pigs was recorded in 1944.

Poisonous mushrooms of the world

Our list will be continued by mushrooms growing in different corners the globe, and are considered the most poisonous.

By the way, there is also a site on our website. interesting article about! We advise you to read and see these enemies "in the face"!

Amanita Smith / Amanita smithiana

Grows in mixed forests North America, and the toxins contained in this fly agaric damage the liver and lead to death.

The hemispherical cap grows from 5 to 17 cm, and the stem is thin with a flaky ring. The color of the cap is completely white or cream, and the cap itself is covered with bumps.

By chance, the spores were brought to the islands of Japan, where the mushroom took root and grows in deciduous and coniferous forests.

Amanita verna / Amanita verna

In appearance, the spring fly agaric looks like pale toadstool, but belongs to an independent species from the Amanite family.

It is widespread in the forests of Europe and is considered deadly. It is noteworthy that the symptoms of poisoning are the same as those of the pale toadstool.

In Russia, it is called white fly agaric or spring grebe, but in Russian forests it is much less common than its red counterpart.

Galerina Bordered / Galerina marginata

One of the most poisonous mushrooms of the Strophariev family has a brown cap and a lighter leg with a characteristic ring

It is found mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, but has also been found in Australia. It is noteworthy that it grows in the subarctic and arctic places of Canada.

The body contains poisonous amatoxins, and if it enters the human body, they cause death.

Yellow-skinned Champignon / Agaricus xanthodermus

Poisonous mushrooms are also found in the Champignon family, and the Russians call it false champignon or yellowing champignon.

Distributed in Europe and North America, but it was introduced to Australia by accident. It can be found not only in forests, but also in city parks, gardens, forest plantations.

You can distinguish it from edibles during the cooking process. The fact is that, unlike ordinary mushrooms, it begins to smell bad when boiled.

Lepiota brown-red / Lepiota brunneoincarnata

Another mushroom from the genus Lepiota is considered one of the most deadly. Grows in Western and of Eastern Europe, but not found in Russia.

The semicircular bell-shaped cap reaches 7 cm in diameter, and the color is usually pale gray with dark concentric circles. The leg is slightly curved and cylindrical.

Long-term studies have shown that it contains the strongest poisons from the cyanide group, so any consumption of food will lead to death.

Satanic Mushroom / Boletus satanas

This species from the Borovik family is also called Satanic Bolet, and it is common in deciduous forests Southern Europe and in the Middle East.

The diameter of the cap grows on average from 8 to 25 cm, but specimens up to 30 cm in size have been found. The stem is spherical and has a reddish color.

In some European countries it is eaten, but in reference books it is listed as inedible. It is believed that even 1 gram of satanic mushroom causes severe food poisoning.

Sulfur-yellow False Foam / Hypholoma fasciculare

False mildew, called sulphurous yellow due to its characteristic color, is very poisonous, and grows in the mixed forests of Europe and North America.

Outwardly, it resembles a summer honey agaric, so you need to be careful so as not to confuse it with an edible brother. The cap is small, only 1.5-7 cm in diameter, and the leg does not grow more than 10 cm and 0.5 cm in diameter.

After eating, after a couple of hours, nausea begins, severe vomiting and the person loses consciousness.

Noble Webcap / Cortinarius gentilis

Let the name of this mushroom not be misleading, since its body contains toxins that are deadly to life. Its toxicity was proved by experiments on rats.

Grows in mixed and coniferous forests, rather small, since the cap is 1.5 to 5 cm in diameter. The color is yellowish brown or orange.

When it enters the human body, it primarily affects the activity of the kidneys, and without medical intervention, a person can die.

Poisonous mushroom facts

In conclusion, we present a few facts related to poisonous and scary mushrooms:

  • The most poisonous mushroom growing in both Europe and Asia is the pale grebe.
  • The Bloody Tooth fungus is considered by many to be poisonous, and that even breathing its spores is fatal to the body. But while science does not know the facts of poisoning with this mushroom, but maybe just its frightening appearance scares away mushroom pickers and is not eaten.
  • Most animals in the body have enzymes that easily break down mushroom poisons, so animals feed on poisonous mushrooms and do not poison themselves.
  • The Roman Emperor Claudius and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV were poisoned with the pale toadstool mixed in food.
  • Poisonous mushrooms are widely used in folk medicine, as well as in official pharmacology for the production of certain types of drugs.
  • Amanita is the most recognizable mushroom in the world. Of the surveyed residents of Europe, 96% of the respondents recognize him in the photo, while the edible White mushroom learned only 53%.

In nature, it is quite easy to get poisoned, because poisonous plants and mushrooms grow in almost any region of the world, so you need to be careful, and it is better to bypass unfamiliar plants, and even more so mushrooms. It is unrealistic to describe all poisonous mushrooms in one article, but we tried to highlight the most dangerous for human health and life.

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