How many years did the Sultan survive Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska? Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan: A Story of Life and Death
On the channel "Home" with great success season 3 is on "Magnificent century". Spectators watch the adventure with interest Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Hatun (Meryem Uzerli) - the kidnapped daughter of a Ukrainian priest, who became the wife of the most famous Sultan Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent ( Halit Ergench). In the homeland of the film, in Turkey, many scold him and accuse him of historical inconsistency. "Around TV" decided to consult with experts and turned to the host researcher Institute of Oriental Studies RAS Svetlana Filippovna Oreshkova with a request to tell about that era and the beautiful Roksolana.
Suleiman and his women
In Europe, Sultan Suleiman I was called the Magnificent, and in Turkey - the Legislator. It is with him that the greatest flowering of the Ottoman Empire is associated. During his reign, the territory of the state stretched from Morocco to Iran, from Yemen - almost to Vienna. The Sultan was the talisman of his warriors and often said:
“When I don’t participate in campaigns, I don’t get victories.”
After the death of Suleiman, laws were no longer issued in the country, only the so-called decrees of justice, again returning to the time of his reign.
Imagine: this unshakable ruler, the idol of his people and the thunderstorm of Europe, loved only one woman all his life - Alexandra Gavrilovna Lisovskaya.
“Someone said that her name was Anastasia, someone even attributed Italian citizenship to her, but the fact that she was captured near Lvov is more reliable,” says Svetlana Filippovna Oreshkova.
The daughter of a Ukrainian priest went down in history under the names Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Hatun and Roksolana.
Alexandra entered the harem in 1520, when she was about 15-16 years old. The daughter of a priest, she renounced Orthodoxy and converted to Islam: the only way to survive and become a full-fledged inhabitant of the Sultan's harem. There is no information that young Roksolana resisted. In The Magnificent Century, she did it with pleasure.
Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Hatun was not a beauty, but she had an incredible charm.
- She was sweet, modest and very well knew the nature of her master, - this is how the Venetian ambassador recalled her.
Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska from the "Magnificent Century" is difficult to call modest. However, how much was known to the overseas ambassador? Moreover, modest does not mean simple. All those tricks with which Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska tried to win first the location of the Sultan, and then the privileges for her sons, really took place.
Of course, we should not forget that The Magnificent Century is a movie, and the image of Roksolana is romanticized there. But the fact remains: after the appearance of young Alexandra in the harem, the sultan did not pay attention to other women.
By the way, Mahidevran Sultan ( Nur Aysan) V real life Suleiman's wife was not. A Circassian by birth, a favorite from the harem and mother of the heir to the throne, Mustafa, after she tried to poison Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska out of jealousy, was forever exiled to the old palace. In the series, the master forgave her.
It's amazing what a huge influence Roksolana had on Suleiman. They dedicated poems to each other. It should be noted that the Sultan was a good poet. And Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska, before learning Turkish, simply dictated her letters addressed to him.
Suleiman - Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska
My beloved goddess, my trembling beauty,
My beloved, my brightest moon.
My innermost desires companion, my only one.
You are dearer to me than all the beauties of the world ...
Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska - Suleiman
Fly my gentle breeze, tell my sultan:
She cries and languishes without your face, like a nightingale in a cage trills.
Ottoman sultan's harem
All the women in the harem were taught how to please a man: how to calm him down or excite him. The concubines were very flexible, danced beautifully and knew a lot about pleasant smells. They were engaged in music, singing, needlework, foreigners studied Turkish literacy. In leisure hours, they went to the hammam, played and guessed. But it was impossible to tell fortunes, they were punished for it. This is reflected in the film: there are scenes in which Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska is afraid that someone will find out about her meeting with the fortuneteller.
The Sultan often watched the women bathe in the pool, and the eunuchs watched his reaction. The favorite was given special honors: a separate room, beautiful clothes and a meeting with the ruler. When the concubine got bored, she, as a rule, was given in marriage to one of the courtiers. But all this was before Suleiman met Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
Men were not allowed to enter the harem. Only the sultan, the keeper of the sultan's quarters, Ibrahim, and eunuchs had the right to appear there. By the way, they say Selim Bayraktar, who played Syumbyul aga, did a good job with the role. He perfectly managed to copy the gestures and habits of the eunuch.
A special harem territory adjoined the harem. So it is not surprising that women walk in the garden with their heads uncovered and in dresses with a deep neckline.
“The clothes of the heroes of the series are quite consistent with the outfits of that time,” Svetlana Filippovna Oreshkova comments on the wardrobe of actresses. - In their territory, women could walk without a headdress. There is information on the Internet that allegedly at that time the Sultan could not wear trousers. Nonsense, pants were still worn by nomads, and the Turks descended from nomads. In the series, Ibrahim is in active correspondence with his beloved Hatice Sultan. Indeed, he was forbidden to approach her.
The Network describes how carefully the creators of the series avoided the appearance of oranges and tomatoes in the frame, because at that time they were not in the Ottoman Empire.
“Oranges were also brought by the crusaders,” Oreshkova is sure. But there really were no tomatoes.
An interesting fact: in addition to sweets, eggplants were adored in the harem. Many signs were associated with them. If you dream of eggplant - to pregnancy. If you don’t know 50 ways to cook eggplant, you will remain an old maid.
Suleiman's mother - Valide Sultan ( Nebahat Chekhre) indeed had a strong influence on the inhabitants of the palace, as shown in the film. This did not violate tradition: the Sultan always respected his mother and listened to her advice. By the way, Valide Sultan was never the legal wife of the father of Suleiman Selim I and, presumably, was the daughter of the Crimean Khan.
Children Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska and Suleiman and the battle for the throne
Mahidevran gave birth to Suleiman's son Mustafa. They say that before that he had two more sons from other women, but they died in childhood.
Roksolana and Suleiman had six children: sons Mehmed, Abdalla, Selim, Bayazid and Jahangir and daughter Mihrimah.
Mehmed died of the plague. There is evidence that he was Suleiman's favorite son. The Sultan took death hard young man. According to unconfirmed reports, Jahangir was born handicapped - he had a hump. He died as a young man. Great hopes were pinned on Mustafa. But Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska set him up - as a result, Suleiman accused his son of betrayal and ordered him to be killed. They say that if Mustafa had survived, history could have turned out differently ...
A struggle for power began between Bayezid and Selim. As a result, Bayezid fled to Iran, where, again at the request of Suleiman, he was executed.
Suleiman raised his hands to the heavens and said: “Praise be to Allah that he let me live to see the day when I saw that the Muslims were no longer in danger of the troubles that would fall upon them if my sons began to fight for the throne. Now I can spend the rest of my days in peace."
It is believed that Roksolana greatly influenced the policy of the state. But that was not what she was after. The mother just wanted happiness for her sons, this is what explains all her actions, and by no means the desire to rule the world.
“Unfortunately, Selim turned out to be a useless sultan,” says the orientalist. - He knew little about the affairs of government and liked to take a drink, he went down in history with the nickname Drunkard. The country was actually ruled by a senior vizier.
Roksolana
Mihrimah's husband was the vizier Rustem Pasha Mekri. By the way, there is an interesting story connected with him. There were suspicions that he had leprosy. But then he was diagnosed with pediculosis. It was believed that lepers could not have lice. From that moment on, the saying went: "If a person is lucky, then even a louse can bring him wealth."
Roksolana died of a cold. After her death, Suleiman did not find a place for himself. He did not hide his grief and continued to dedicate poems to his beloved wife:
I'm languishing on top of sadness,
Where is the day, where is the night, I cry and sigh.
Oh, woe to me now that my beloved is gone.
Suleiman and Roksolana rest in mausoleums at the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul.
As you can see, there are indeed some inaccuracies in the Magnificent Century series. But the filmmakers do not claim to be historians. romantic story Roksolana and Suleiman and the heyday of the Ottoman Empire is taken only as a basis, the rest is the imagination of the scriptwriters.
Watch the series "The Magnificent Century" on Saturdays on the Domashny channel.
Anna Valieva
Thank you for your help in preparing the material Institute of Oriental Studies RAS
Who is Anastasia Lisovskaya? She was the only woman in the harem, which had the official title - haseki. She was a sultana. Being an insidious woman, she dealt with all her competitors in the Turkish seraglio. Now she shared absolute power with her husband, the Turkish ruler Suleiman. By the way, it was she who was able to make the harsh spouse forget about her harem forever. In Europe, she is known as Roksolana ... Photos of Anastasia Lisovskaya (more precisely, portraits), as well as a biography are presented to your attention below.
"Holy war
In the first half of the sixteenth century, the Turks and Tatars incessantly made devastating raids on the cities and villages that were located in southeastern Europe. By by and large, they waged their "holy war" for a faith that justified any atrocities. Hundreds of Christians became its victims. They were enslaved by the invaders.
In 1512, this wave of violence and attacks reached the territory of today's Western Ukraine. At that time, she was under the control strong state. It's about about the Commonwealth. Many scientists believe that this raid was attended by a large number of combat detachments numbering twenty-five thousand people. The troops managed to pass from the lower reaches of the Dnieper River to the Carpathian mountains.
Aggression brought terrible misfortunes and unthinkable ruin. In the end, songs and tales about captivity and a merciless enemy still live in folklore. Strings of slaves stretched across Ukrainian territory. They were taken to Kafa, in the Crimea. This city is on this moment called Theodosius. It was here that one of the largest slave markets was located. After that, the slaves were loaded onto sea vessels and transported across the Black Sea to Istanbul. The priest's daughter Anastasia Lisovskaya from the city of Rohatyn also made such a route. This city is now located in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.
Girl from Rohatyn
Information about the origin of Lisovskaya is rather scattered and contradictory. By and large, there is very little information about the early biography of Anastasia Gavrilovna Lisovskaya. Most historians mention her Russian roots.
So, the Lithuanian ambassador to the Crimean Khanate named Mikhalon Litvin wrote in the middle of the sixteenth century that Lisovskaya, who was already the wife of the Sultan at that time, was once captured from the “Russian lands”.
Polish scientists claim that the real name of the girl from Rohatyn was not Anastasia, but Alexandra.
In the literature of Ukraine 19th century Lisovskaya was called exclusively Anastasia.
In Europe, she is known as Roksolana. In any case, the Hamburg ambassador to the Ottoman Empire wrote his literary work called Turkish Notes. And on the pages of this creation, he called Lisovskaya Roksolana. He also confirmed that she was born on the territory of today's Western Ukraine. And the envoy called it that because in those days in the Commonwealth this land was called Roksolania.
Summing up the above, it can be argued that the biography of Anastasia Gavrilovna Lisovskaya (Roksolana, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska) began around 1505. Place of birth - the city of Rogatin. Her father was a clergyman. Accordingly, all her childhood years, a priori, she was engaged in reading church books, and was also fond of secular literature.
captivity
When Anastasia Lisovskaya (biography confirms this) was fifteen, she became a victim of one of the Tatar raids. He was captured. She had to go through the usual path of all slaves and slaves. First she was brought to the territory Crimean peninsula. Assessing her merits, the Tatars decided to send her to Istanbul. They were determined to sell it profitably.
As a result, Nastya Lisovskaya (Roksolana) was presented to Sultan Suleiman's heir. He held an important government post in Manisa and, of course, had his own harem. He was then twenty-six. When the events described were taking place, there were already celebrations in honor of his coronation.
When Anastasia Lisovskaya, whose photo (or rather, portrait) you have the opportunity to see in the article, got into the harem, she got her new name - Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
In Istanbul, the slave had to make a lot of effort, using her charm and cunning, to win the favor of Suleiman.
In the harem
According to diplomats, Roksolana was not a beauty at all. But she was still young. In addition, she had a graceful and elegant figure. In any case, this is what one of the Venetian ambassadors, who was then in the empire, wrote.
Anastasia Lisovskaya (Hyurrem) began to eagerly absorb everything that she was taught in the seraglio. Judging by the sources, she was able to quickly master languages such as Turkish, Persian and Arabic. In addition, she perfectly learned to dance and surprised the concubines by quoting the works of famous contemporaries. She also converted to Islam with ease.
To become interesting for the Sultan, she began to dedicate poems to him and even undertook to write her own books. At the time, this was unheard of. And many felt fear instead of respect. She was considered a witch.
Be that as it may, in a short time the new concubine attracted the attention of Suleiman. All nights he began to spend only with her.
Note that the monarch was considered stern, silent and closed person. Like Lisovskaya, he was fond of literature and tried to write. At the same time, he actively participated in Turkish military campaigns. He was indifferent to the fairer sex, since he was married. His chosen one is the daughter of a Circassian prince. Her name was Mahidevran. They had an heir - son Mustafa. Despite this, the Sultan did not love his wife at all. Therefore, in Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska, he found his only and beloved woman.
Of course, Mahidevran began to be jealous of Suleiman for the Slavic slave. One day she not only insulted her severely, but also tore her dress, face and hair. And when they once again called her to the Sultan's bedchamber, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska said that in this state she had no right to go to her beloved ruler. However, the Sultan summoned Anastasia and listened to her words. After that, he ordered to call Makhidevran. She reminded that she is main woman master and that all other slaves must obey only her. At the same time, she added that, apparently, she had beaten this insidious woman a little.
In the end, Suleiman was angry. And after a short time, he made Lisovskaya his favorite concubine.
Favorite concubine
Suleiman preferred smart, educated, sensual and strong-willed women. And Lisovskaya became for him the embodiment of everything that the Sultan himself loved in women. She appreciated art and understood it, she understood politics very well. She was a great dancer and a polyglot. Perhaps this explains that Lisovskaya actually managed to charm the young monarch. He was really in love.
Becoming a favorite concubine, she still better start understand the people at court. She studied them. Considering that intrigue was constantly woven in the seraglio, she knew how to behave correctly and how to act. In a word, the future Sultana of the Ottoman Empire was always on her guard.
Moreover, in 1521, sixteen-year-old Lisovskaya learned that two of the three sons of the Sultan had died. Six-year-old Mustafa was the only heir to the Sultan's throne. But the continuation of the genus a priori was under great threat for due to the high mortality in those days.
As a result, some time later, Roksolana gave birth to a son to the Sultan. Thus, the birth of an heir gave her the necessary support in the seraglio.
Lisovskaya named her child Selim - in honor of Suleiman's father. The predecessor, by the way, was called "Terrible" because of his tough character. But still, Mustafa remained officially the heir to the throne.
Anastasia Lisovskaya, whose biography many years later is interesting to her contemporaries, was well aware that until her offspring became the real heir to the throne, her unenviable position would be a priori under serious threat. Therefore, the girl from Rohatyn began to carefully prepare for the implementation of her insidious plan. Note that it began to operate only fifteen years later.
Wedding
Lisovskaya managed to achieve the impossible. The concubine officially became the wife of the Sultan. The ruler even introduced a special title for her - haseki. It was indeed a unique situation. Although in the Ottoman state there were no laws that would prohibit marrying slaves. But the Turkish court has always been opposed to this.
Be that as it may, the magnificent wedding of Roksolana and Suleiman took place in 1530. On this occasion, a number of festive events were held in the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Musicians played in the streets. Tightrope walkers and magicians took part in the performances. Specially for the celebrations were brought wild animals, giraffes. All government buildings and residential buildings were decorated. Competitions were organized with the participation of Muslim and Christian knights. And at night, all city blocks were illuminated. The townspeople were overjoyed.
Sultan's wife
Lisovskaya, being a decisive, strong-willed and adventurous girl, quickly managed to learn how to manipulate not only her husband and his relatives, but also the courtiers and high dignitaries of the Ottoman Empire.
The crowned couple could talk continuously about art, love, politics. Repeatedly they communicated with each other in verses.
Roksolana, how wise woman, knew perfectly well when she should remain silent, when she should laugh or, conversely, feel sad. It is probably not surprising that when she came to power, the dull and boring seraglio began to turn into a center of education and beauty. It was now recognized by the monarchs of other countries.
Sometimes she was even seen with an open face. And despite this, she was highly respected by iconic religious figures. She was considered an exemplary devout Muslim woman.
The guard also began to idolize their smiling sultana. The fact is that the warriors saw her exclusively with a beautiful smile on her face. Well, Lisovskaya herself paid the same. She managed to build barracks for them, which looked like real palaces. In addition, he increased the salaries of the Janissaries and endowed them with many privileges.
... After some time, the Sultan went to another war. This time he went to pacify the recalcitrant peoples of Persia. For the sake of military needs, the state treasury was practically devastated.
True, this fact did not at all embarrass the economic wife of the Sultan. She began to act in her own way, ruling the entire state. In Istanbul ports and the European quarter, she decided to open a number of wine shops. As a result, real money entered the treasury. However, she considered that the opening of drinking shops is a profitable business, but this will not save the situation. As a result, Roksolana began to engage in another project. By her order, the bay began to deepen. She also ordered that the piers in Gatala urgently begin to be reconstructed. As a result, after some time, large-tonnage ships with goods from all over the world began to approach the bay. In a word, the trade rows of Istanbul began to grow like mushrooms after the rain, and the treasury, thereby, replenished.
Lisovskaya had enough financial resources to build hospitals, nursing homes, minarets, and new mosques. And when Suleiman returned to Istanbul, he did not recognize his palace either. While the sultan was at war, Lisovskaya rebuilt his mansions with money that was obtained by an enterprising wife.
Lisovskaya constantly patronized creative people. He carried on a lively correspondence with the kings of Poland, Persia, and Venice. Repeatedly she received foreign ambassadors. In a word, she was truly the most educated woman of that era. But also insidious.
Haseki victims
In 1536, a vizier named Ibrahim was accused of sympathizing with France and working in the interests of this state. By order of Suleiman, the sovereign figure of the empire was strangled. In fact, Ibrahim became the first victim of Lisovskaya.
Since the place of the vizier was immediately taken by another nobleman. His name was Rustem Pasha. The wife of the Sultan felt a disposition towards him. He was considered a favorite in the court. He was thirty nine.
Roksolana decided to marry her seventeen-year-old daughter to him. At the same time, Rustem was godfather Mustafa - the son of the Sultan, heir, offspring from the first wife of Suleiman.
Despite everything, after a while this nobleman was also beheaded. As it turned out, Lisovskaya used her daughter. She was forced to constantly tell her about what her son-in-law said. As a result, Rustem was exposed in the betrayal of Suleiman.
But before that, he served his purpose. Actually, for the sake of this, Lisovskaya undertook her insidious plan. The Sultan's wife and the vizier were able to convince him that the heir, Mustafa, began to negotiate closely with the Serbs. According to Lisovskaya, he was plotting against own father. Roksolana knew perfectly well where and how best to strike. In general, the "conspiracy" seemed more than plausible. Especially in Eastern countries bloody palace coups were commonplace back then.
The heir and many of his blood relatives were strangled. And Mustafa's mother, Suleiman's first wife, went mad with grief. After a short time, she died.
Relations between Anastasia Lisovskaya and the mother of the Sultan could not be called friendly. The mother-in-law, who had influence over her son, said everything she thought about the conspiracy and Suleiman's new wife. After these words, she lived only four weeks. They say she was poisoned...
Thus, Nastya Lisovskaya (Roksolana) managed to do the almost impossible. She was proclaimed not only as the first wife of the great Sultan, but also as the mother of the heir to the throne, Selim. True, after that the victims did not stop at all.
Alas, Nastya Lisovskaya (the biography of the woman is presented to your attention in the article) was not destined to see her dream come true. She died before her beloved offspring Selim ascended the throne.
demise
Anastasia Lisovskaya (Roksolana), whose photo (portraits) are posted in the article, died far from being young, she was already 53 years old. In 1558 she was returning from a trip to Edirne. In mid-April, she fell ill. Doctors diagnosed her with a cold. But they couldn't help her. The disease killed her in a matter of hours. They buried her with all due honors.
A year later, her body was transferred to a domed 8-sided mausoleum. In fact, it is one of the largest architectural monuments of the empire. Under the dome, the unfortunate husband of Roksolana carved alabaster rosettes. Each of them he decorated with an emerald. After all, the deceased loved this stone most of all.
After the death of his wife, the Sultan last days I didn't even think about other women. Lisovskaya remained his only lover. After all, he once disbanded his harem for her sake.
Suleiman died in 1566. His tomb was also decorated with emeralds. True, his favorite stone was still a ruby.
Both tombs are nearby. Note that in the 1000-year history of the Ottoman state, only one woman, Roksolana, was awarded such an honor.
procreation
Married to Suleiman, Anastasia Lisovskaya (Roksolana) had 6 children - 5 sons and a daughter, Miriam. They say that the Sultan adored his daughter and sincerely loved. He was always ready to fulfill her favorite whims. In honor of Miriam, a happy father built a magnificent mosque.
The daughter managed to get an excellent education. She lived, of course, in the most luxurious conditions. In 1539, she became the wife of the vizier Rustem Pasha, as mentioned above.
All the sons of the Sultan and Lisovskaya died in the process of fighting for the throne. Only Selim, the beloved son of Roksolana, remained. He became the 11th sultan of the Ottoman Empire and ruled the state for eight years. He never took part in military campaigns, unlike his father. Although the conquests of the Ottomans during the reign of Selim still continued. He preferred to spend his time in the harem. The palace guards literally hated him and called him a "drunkard" behind his back. In general, the reign of the beloved son of Lisovskaya did not benefit the empire at all. By and large, it was with Selim that the decline of this great state began ...
4) Mehmet (1521 - November 6, 1543 in Manisa) Proclaimed the heir of Vali Ahad on October 29, 1521. Viceroy of Kutahya 1541-1543. Son of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
5) Abdullah (until 1522-October 28, 1522) Son of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
6) Selim II (1524-1574) the eleventh sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Son of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
7) Bayezid (1525 - July 23, 1562) in Iran, the city of Qazvin. Proclaimed the 3rd successor of Vali Ahad on November 6, 1553. Governor of Karaman 1546, governor of the provinces of Kutahya and Amasya 1558-1559. Son of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
8) Dzhihangir (1531 - November 27, 1553 in Aleppo (in Arabic Aleppo) Syria) Governor in Aleppo 1553. Son of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska.
It is also worth remembering that it was Suleiman, and not Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska, who executed his two sons, namely Mustafa and Bayazid. Mustafa was executed along with his son (the remaining of the two, since one of them died a year before the death of Mustafa himself), and five of his little sons were killed along with Bayezid, but this happened already in 1562, 4 years after the death of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska .
If we talk about the chronology and causes of death of all the descendants of Kanuni, then it looked like this:
Sehzade Mahmud died of smallpox on 11/29/1521,
Sehzade Murad died of smallpox before his brother on 11/10/1521.
Sehzade Mustafa ruler of the province of Manisa since 1533. and the heir to the throne was executed along with his children on the orders of his father on suspicion of conspiring against his father in alliance with the Serbs.
Sehzade Bayezid "Sahi" was executed along with his five sons by order of his father for rebelling against him.
Accordingly, what kind of mythical forty descendants from Sultan Suleiman, who were killed by Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska, are we talking about remains a mystery not only for skeptics, but also for history itself. Or rather, a tale. One of the 1001 tales of the Ottoman Empire.
The second legend. “About the marriage of twelve-year-old Mihrimah Sultan and fifty-year-old Rustem Pasha”
The legend says: “As soon as the daughter was twelve years old, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska offered Mihrimah as a wife to Rustem Pasha, who took the place of Ibrahim, who at that time was already fifty. The difference between the bride and groom of almost forty years did not bother Roksolana.
Historical facts: Rustem Pasha is also Rustem Pasha Mekri (Croatian Rustem-pasa Opukovic; 1500 - 1561) - the Grand Vizier of Sultan Suleiman I, a Croat by nationality.
Rustem Pasha married one of the daughters of Sultan Suleiman I - Princess Mihrimah Sultan
In 1539, at the age of seventeen, Mihrimah Sultan (March 21, 1522-1578) married the Beylerbey of the province of Diyarbakir - Rustem Pasha. At that time, Rustem was 39 years old.
To whom simple arithmetic operations for adding and subtracting dates seem unconvincing, we can only advise you to use a calculator to instill more confidence.
The third legend. "About castration and silver tubes"
The legend says: “Instead of a cute and cheerful laughing enchantress, our eyes appear to be a ferocious, cunning and ruthless survival machine. With the execution of the heir and his friend, a wave of repressions, unprecedented in Istanbul, began. For an extra word about the bloody affairs of the palace, one could easily pay with his head. They chopped off their heads, not even bothering to bury the body ...
An effective and frightening method of Roksolana was castration, performed in the most cruel way. Everything suspected of sedition was cut to the root. And after the "operation" the unfortunate were not supposed to bandage the wound - it was believed that the "bad blood" should come out. Those who still survived could experience the mercy of the sultana: she gave the unfortunate silver tubes that were inserted into the opening of the bladder.
Fear settled in the capital, people began to be afraid of their own shadow, not feeling safe even near the hearth. The name of the sultana was pronounced with trepidation, which was mixed with reverence.
Historical facts: The history of mass repressions organized by Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan has not been preserved in any way, either in historical records or in the description of contemporaries. But on the other hand, it should be noted that historical information has been preserved that a number of contemporaries (in particular, Sehname-i Al-i Osman (1593) and Sehname-i Humayun (1596), Taliki-zade el-Fenari presented a very flattering portrait of Hürrem, as a woman revered "for her numerous charitable donations, for her patronage of students and respect for pundits, connoisseurs of religion, as well as for her acquisition of rare and beautiful things". Speaking of historical facts that took place in the life of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska, she went down in history not as a repressive politician, but as a person involved in charity, she became known for her large-scale projects. So, with the donations of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska (Kulliye Hasseki Hurrem) in Istanbul, the Aksaray district, the so-called Avret Pazari (or women's bazaar, later named Haseki), was built, containing a mosque, madrasah, imaret, primary school, hospitals and a fountain. It was the first complex built in Istanbul by the architect Sinan in his new position as chief architect of the ruling family. And the fact that it was the third largest building in the capital, after the complexes of Mehmet II (Fatih) and Suleymaniye (Suleymanie), testifies to the high status of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska. She also built complexes in Adrianople and Ankara. Other charitable projects include the construction of a project in Jerusalem (later named after Haseki Sultan), hospices and a canteen for pilgrims and the homeless; a canteen in Mecca (under the Haseki Hürrem imaret), a public canteen in Istanbul (at Avret Pazari), and two large public baths in Istanbul (in the Jewish and Aya Sofya quarters, respectively). With the filing of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan, slave markets were closed and a number of social projects were implemented.
Legend four. "About the origin of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska"
The legend says: “Deceived by the consonance of names - proper and common noun, some historians see Russian in Roksolana, others, mostly French, based on Favard's comedy "Three Sultans", claim that Roksolana was a Frenchwoman. Both are completely unfair: Roksolana, a natural Turkish woman, was bought for a harem as a girl at a slave market for servants to odalists, under whom she held the position of a simple slave.
There is also a legend that the pirates of the Ottoman Empire in the suburbs of Siena attacked the castle belonging to the noble and wealthy family of Marsigli. The castle was plundered and burned to the ground, and the daughter of the owner of the castle - beautiful girl with hair the color of red gold and green eyes brought to the Sultan's palace. The Marsigli Family Tree lists: Mother Hannah Marsigli. Hannah Marsigli - Margarita Marsigli (La Rosa), nicknamed so for the fiery red hair color. From her marriage to Sultan Suleiman, she had sons - Selim, Ibrahim, Mehmed.
Historical Facts: European observers and historians referred to Sultana as "Roksolana", "Roksa", or "Ross", as it was assumed that she was of Russian origin. Mikhail Litvin (Mikhalon Lituan), the Lithuanian ambassador to the Crimea in the middle of the sixteenth century, wrote in his chronicle of 1550 "... the beloved wife of the Turkish emperor, the mother of his eldest son and heir, was once abducted from our lands." Navaguerro wrote of her as "[Donna]... di Rossa" and Trevisano called her "Sultana di Russia". Samuel Tvardovsky, a member of the Polish embassy to the Court of the Ottoman Empire in 1621-1622, also indicated in his notes that the Turks told him that Roksolana was the daughter of an Orthodox priest from Rohatyn, a small town in Podolia near Lvov. The belief that Roksolana was of Russian rather than Ukrainian origin likely arose from a possible misinterpretation of the words "Roksolana" and "Rossa". IN early XVI century in Europe, the word "Roksolania" was used to refer to the province of Ruthenia in Western Ukraine, which was in different times known as Krasnaya Rus, Galicia, or Podolia (that is, located in Eastern Podolia, which was under Polish control at that time), in turn, modern Russia at that time was called Muscovy, Muscovite Rus', or Muscovy. In ancient times, the word Roxolani denoted nomadic Sarmatian tribes and settlements on the Dniester River (now in the Odessa region in Ukraine).
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Fifth legend. "About the Witch at Court"
Historical Facts: Venice reports state that Roksolana was not so much beautiful as sweet, graceful, and elegant. But at the same time, her radiant smile and playful temperament made her irresistibly charming, for which she was named "Hürrem" ("giving joy" or "laughing"). Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska was known for her singing and musical abilities, the ability to make elegant embroidery, she knew five European languages, as well as Farsi and was an extremely erudite person. But the most important thing was that Roksolana was a woman of great intelligence and willpower, which gave her advantage over other women in the harem. Like everyone else, European observers testify that the Sultan was completely smitten with his new concubine. He was in love with his Haseki for for long years life together. Hence, evil tongues accused her of witchcraft (and if in medieval Europe and in the East the existence of such a legend in those days can be understood and explained, in our time belief in such conjectures is difficult to explain). Legend six. "About the infidelity of Sultan Suleiman" Historical facts: When the ambassadors, Navagerro and Trevisano, wrote their reports to Venice in 1553 and 1554, indicating that "she is very loved by her master" ("tanto amata da sua maesta"), Roksolana was already about fifty and she was next to Suleiman for a long time. After her death in April 1558, Suleiman remained inconsolable for a long time. She was the biggest love of his life, his kindred spirit and legal wife. This great love of Suleiman for Roksolana was confirmed by a number of decisions and actions on the part of the Sultan for his Haseka. For her sake, the Sultan violated a number of very important traditions of the imperial harem. In 1533 or 1534 (the exact date is unknown), Suleiman married Hürrem in an official marriage ceremony, thus violating a century and a half custom of the Ottoman house, according to which sultans were not allowed to marry their concubines. Never before had a former slave been elevated to the rank of the legitimate wife of the Sultan. In addition, the marriage of Haseka Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska and the Sultan became almost monogamous, which was simply unheard of in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Trevisano wrote in 1554 that once meeting Roxolana Suleiman "does not just want to have her as lawful wife, always keep her close to him and see her as a ruler in a harem, but he also does not want to know any other women: he did something that was not done by any of his predecessors, because the Turks are used to hosting several women to have as many children as possible and satisfy their carnal pleasures. For the sake of love for this woman, Suleiman violated a number of traditions and prohibitions. In particular, it was after his marriage to Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska that Sultan dissolved the harem, leaving only attendants at court. The marriage of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska and Suleiman was monogamous, which surprised contemporaries a lot. Also, the real love between the Sultan and his Haseki is confirmed by love letters sent by them to each other and preserved to this day. So, one of the many farewell dedications of Kanuni to his wife after her death can be considered one of the indicative messages: “The heavens are covered with black clouds, for there is no rest for me, there is no air, thought and hope. My love, the trembling feeling of this, strong, so compresses my heart, destroys my flesh. To live, what to believe in, my love... how to meet a new day. I am killed, my mind is killed, my heart has ceased to believe, there is no more your warmth in it, there is no more your hands, your light on my body. I am defeated, I am erased from this world, erased by spiritual sadness for you, my love. Strength, there is no more that strength that you betrayed me, there is only faith, the faith of your feelings, not in the flesh, but in my heart, I cry, cry for you my love, there is no ocean greater than the ocean of my tears for you, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska ..." |
The legend says: “But the day came when Roxalana “opened her eyes” to the Sultan on the allegedly treacherous behavior of Mustafa and his friend. She said that the prince had developed close relations with the Serbs and was plotting against his father. The intriguer knew well where and how to strike - the mythical "conspiracy" was quite plausible: in the East during the time of the sultans, bloody palace coups were the most common thing. In addition, Roksolana cited, as an irrefutable argument, the true words of Rustem Pasha, Mustafa and other “conspirators” that her daughter allegedly heard ... A painful silence hung in the palace. What will the Sultan decide? Roxalana's melodious voice, similar to the chime of a crystal bell, murmured carefully: "Think, O Lord of my heart, about your state, about its tranquility and prosperity, and not about vain feelings ..." Mustafa, whom Roxalana knew from the age of 4, having become adult, had to die at the request of his stepmother.
The Prophet forbade shedding the blood of the padishahs and their heirs, therefore, by order of Suleiman, but by the will of Roxalana, Mustafa, his brothers and children, the grandsons of the Sultan, were strangled with a silk cord.
Historical facts: In 1553, the eldest son of Suleiman, Prince Mustafa, was executed, at that time he was already under forty years old. The first sultan to execute his adult son was Murad I, who ruled at the end of the 14th century, who ensured that the recalcitrant Savji was put to death. The reason for Mustafa's execution was that he planned to usurp the throne, but, as in the case of the execution of the Sultan's favorite, Ibrahim Pasha, the blame was placed on Hurrem Sultan, who was a foreigner who was near the Sultan. In the history of the Ottoman Empire, there was already a case when a son tried to help his father leave the throne - this was done by Suleiman's father, Selim I, with Suleiman's grandfather, Bayezid II. After the death of Prince Mehmed a few years earlier, the regular army really considered it necessary to remove Suleiman from business and isolate him in the residence of Di-dimothikhon, located south of Edirne, in direct analogy with how it happened with Bayezid II. Moreover, the letters of shehzadeh have been preserved, on which the personal seal of shehzade Mustafa, addressed to the Safavid Shah, was clearly visible, which Sultan Suleiman later learned about (this seal is also preserved and Mustafa's signature is inscribed on it: Sultan Mustafa see photo). The last straw for Suleiman was the visit of the Austrian ambassador, who, instead of visiting the Sultan, first of all went to Mustafa. After the visit, the ambassador informed everyone that Shehzade Mustafa would be a wonderful Padishah. After Suleiman found out about this, he immediately summoned Mustafa to him and ordered him to be strangled. Shehzade Mustafa was strangled by order of his father in 1553 during a Persian military campaign.
Legend eight. "About the Origin of Valide"
The legend says: “Valide Sultan was the daughter of the captain of an English ship that was wrecked in the Adriatic Sea. Then this unfortunate ship was captured by Turkish pirates. The part of the manuscript that has been preserved ends with the message that the girl was sent to the Sultan's harem. This is an Englishwoman who ruled Turkey for 10 years and only later, not finding a common language with her son's wife, the notorious Roksolana, returned to England.
Historical facts: Aisha Sultan Hafsa or Hafsa Sultan (born around 1479 - 1534) and became the first Valide Sultan (Queen Mother) in the Ottoman Empire, being the wife of Selim I and the mother of Suleiman the Magnificent. Although the year of birth of Ayşe Sultan is known, historians still cannot determine the date of birth definitively. She was the daughter of the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray.
She lived in Manisa with her son from 1513 to 1520, in the province, which was the traditional residence of the Ottoman shehzade, future rulers, who studied there the basics of government.
Aishe Hafsa Sultan died in March 1534 and was buried next to her husband in the mausoleum.
Legend nine. "About soldering Shekhzade Selim"
The legend says: “Selim acquired the nickname “Drunkard” due to excessive consumption of wine. Initially, this love for alcohol was due to the fact that at one time Selim's mother herself, Roksolana, periodically gave him wine, the rack of the son was much more manageable.
Historical facts: Sultan Selim was nicknamed the Drunkard, he was so cheerful and did not shy away from human weaknesses - wine and a harem. Well, the prophet Muhammad himself admitted: "More than anything on earth, I loved women and fragrances, but I always found complete pleasure only in prayer." Do not forget that alcohol was in honor at the Ottoman court, and the life of some sultans turned out to be shorter precisely because of the passion for alcohol. Selim II, being drunk, fell in the bath and then died from the consequences of the fall. Mahmud II died of delirium tremens. Murad II, who defeated the Crusaders at the Battle of Varna, died of apoplexy caused by drinking. Mahmud II loved French wines and left behind a huge collection of them. Murad IV from morning till night frolicked with his courtiers, eunuchs and jesters, and sometimes forced the main muftis and judges to drink with him. Falling into binges, he committed such cruel acts that those around him seriously thought that he had lost his mind. For example, he liked to shoot arrows at people who sailed on boats past the Topkapı Palace or run at night in underwear through the streets of Istanbul, killing anyone who got in their way. It was Murad IV who issued a seditious decree from the point of view of Islam, according to which alcohol was allowed to be sold even to Muslims. In many ways, Sultan Selim's addiction to alcohol was influenced by a person close to him, in whose hands were the main threads of control, namely the vizier Sokolu.
But it should be noted that Selim was not the first and not the last sultan who worshiped alcohol, and this did not prevent him from participating in a number of military campaigns, as well as in political life Ottoman Empire. So from Suleiman he inherited 14.892.000 km2, and after him this territory was already 15.162.000 km2. Selim, reigned prosperously and left his son a state that not only did not decrease territorially, but even increased; this, in many respects, he owed to the mind and energy of the vizier Mehmed Sokollu. Sokollu completed the conquest of Arabia, which was previously only weakly dependent on the Porte.
Legend ten. "About thirty trips to Ukraine"
The legend says: “Hürrem, of course, had influence on the Sultan, but not enough to relieve fellow countrymen from suffering. During his reign, Suleiman undertook more than 30 trips to Ukraine.
Historical facts: Restoring the chronology of the conquests of Sultan Suleiman
1521 - a campaign in Hungary, the siege of Belgrade.
1522 - siege of the fortress of Rhodes
1526 - a campaign in Hungary, the siege of the Petervaradin fortress.
1526 - battle near the city of Mohacs.
1526 - the suppression of the uprising in Cilicia
1529 - capture of Buda
1529 - storming of Vienna
1532-1533 - fourth campaign in Hungary
1533 - the capture of Tabriz.
1534 - the capture of Baghdad.
1538 - the ruin of Moldova.
1538 - capture of Aden, naval expedition to the shores of India.
1537-1539 - the Turkish fleet under the command of Hayreddin Barbarossa ruined and imposed tribute on more than 20 islands in the Adriatic Sea that belonged to the Venetians. Capture of cities and villages in Dalmatia.
1540-1547 - fighting in Hungary.
1541 capture of Buda.
1541 - capture of Algiers
1543 - the capture of the fortress by Esztergom. A Janissary garrison was stationed in Buda, and the Turkish administration began to function throughout Hungary, occupied by the Turks.
1548 - passage through the lands of South Azerbaijan and the capture of Tabriz.
1548 - the siege of the fortress of Van and the capture of the basin of Lake Van in southern Armenia. The Turks also invaded Eastern Armenia and Southern Georgia. In Iran, the Turkish units reached Kashan and Qom, captured Isfahan.
1552 - the capture of Temeswar
1552 Turkish squadron headed from Suez to the shores of Oman.
1552 - In 1552, the Turks took the city of Te-meshvar and the fortress of Veszprem
1553 - capture of Eger.
1547-1554 - the capture of Muscat (a large Portuguese fortress).
1551-1562 another Austro-Turkish war took place
1554 - naval battles with Portugal.
In 1560, the Sultan's fleet won another great naval victory. Off the coast of North Africa, near the island of Djerba, the Turkish armada entered the battle with the combined squadrons of Malta, Venice, Genoa and Florence
1566-1568 - Austro-Turkish war for the possession of the Principality of Transylvania
1566 - the capture of Szigetvar.
During his long, almost half-century reign (1520-1566), Suleiman the Magnificent never sent his conquerors to Ukraine.
It was at that time that the construction of notches, castles, fortresses of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, the organizational and political activities of Prince Dmitry Vishnevetsky arose. In Suleiman's letters to the Polish King Artykul August II, there are not only threats to punish "Demetrash" (Prince Vyshnevetsky), but also a demand for a quiet life for the inhabitants of Ukraine. At the same time, in many ways, it was Roksolana who contributed to the establishment of friendly relations with Poland, which at that time controlled the lands of Western Ukraine, the native lands of the Sultana. The signing of the Polish-Ottoman truce in 1525 and 1528, as well as the "perpetual peace" treaties of 1533 and 1553 are often attributed to her influence. So Piotr Opalinsky, the Polish ambassador to Suleiman's court in 1533, confirmed that "Roksolana begged the Sultan to forbid the Crimean Khan to disturb the Polish lands." As a result, the close diplomatic and friendly contacts established by Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan with King Sigismund II, which is confirmed by the preserved correspondence, allowed not only to prevent new raids on the territory of Ukraine, but also contributed to interrupting the flow of the slave trade from those lands.
Article author: Elena Minyaeva.
The story of Roksolana is known throughout Europe. And even more so this historical figure popular in the Slavic world. Moreover, the story of Roksolana is increasingly attracting attention in connection with the sensational series "The Magnificent Century". Increasingly, fans of the series are wondering what was real biography Haseki Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan.
From Anastasia to Hurrem
It is traditionally believed that Roksolana was born in a small town in modern western Ukraine, in the family of a priest. The first years of her life, the girl's name was Anastasia (or Alexandra) Lisovskaya. However, in early age she was stolen during one of their raids and subsequently resold several times in the slave markets. From this moment begins the story of Roksolana the slave.
Acquaintance with Prince Suleiman
However, fate was extremely favorable to a very young girl at that time. Somewhere in 1517, she ended up as a concubine in the palace of Manisa, where at the same time the son of the Sultan and the future heir to the empire, Shehzade Suleiman, lived. Very soon, the young prince's concubine becomes his favorite. This is how the story of Roksolana, who later became the greatest woman of the East, was born. It is interesting that here the future monarch met another slave of European origin, who was also to become one of the most important
persons of the Ottoman port. We are talking about the brilliant vizier of Suleiman - Ibrahim Pasha.
The history of the reign of Roksolana
In 1520, Sultan Selim I dies, and his son Suleiman takes the throne. Roksolana was already his favorite by that time, and in 1521 she gave birth to his son Mehmet. Three years later they have another son, who will be named Selim. However, in keeping with tradition Muslim East, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska was not only wife Sultan. Moreover, her favoritism caused jealousy and hatred from other wives. A particularly fierce rivalry unfolded between Roksolana and the Circassian Makhidevran. This competition found a way out in gossip and mutual insults, and sometimes it came to fights. The heat was added by the fact that it was the son of Mahidevran - Mustafa - who was the firstborn of the Sultan and the successor to the throne. This could not suit the ambitious and treacherous Slav. After several years of desperate intrigues, Roksolana came out
the winner of this fight. Mustafa was sent with his mother from the royal palace to Manisa. For Mahidevran, this actually meant exile. A few years later, rumors began to circulate throughout the empire that Mustafa was preparing a coup against his father. Shehzadeh was accused of conspiracy and executed in 1553. This finally cleared the path to power for one of Hurrem's sons. Her eldest son Mehmet never became the Sultan, since he died in 1543. However, Selim was destined to become the next sultan.
The Last Years of the Sultana
Roksolana, whose life history knew both difficult and brilliant episodes, actually managed the palace and state affairs for almost thirty years. Her husband, Suleiman the Magnificent, spent almost his entire life on military campaigns, relying heavily on his beloved wife during internal affairs. Roksolana died of natural causes in 1559.
The history of Hurrem Sultan and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent entered the history of the Ottoman Empire. The history of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan became the basis for the concept of the Women's Sultanate as a period of noticeable interference of the concubines of the Ottoman sultans and wives (Hasseki Sultan) in state affairs.
The story of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan is the most famous, while the stories of other Hasseki Sultans, Nurbanu Sultan or Kösem Sultan, also puzzled contemporaries due to the degree of influence of these women on the state affairs of the Ottoman Empire. The history of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan today is attractive primarily for its romantic side. The story of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan is another Cinderella story and a romantic chronicle of eternal love, an attractive theme for artistic interpretations.
Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan, at the age of about 30, became the wife of Sultan Suleiman (1495 - 1566), who was 39 years old in the expected year of their marriage (1534). Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan, a slave concubine of the Sultan's harem, achieved a unique status in the history of the Ottoman court - she became the legal wife of Sultan Suleiman. The new position of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan began to display her title "Hasseki Sultan" (prince's mother).
From 1521 to 1531, after more than ten years of living in the Topkapı harem, Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska gave birth to six children to Sultan Suleiman: daughter Mihrimah (d. 1578) and five sons, of whom only Selim survived his father and began to rule the empire under named after Sultan Selim II (1524 - 1574).
It is difficult to find examples like the stories of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan and Sultan Suleiman. The wives of European monarchs, like Catherine de Medici, had a significant impact on the affairs of the state after the death of their spouses. The favorites of European monarchs, such as Madame de Pompadour, often had a significant influence on the rulers, but became, at best, morganatic spouses. In the history of the Ottoman Empire, starting from the 16th century. concubines, and the first of their series Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Hasseki Sultan, received the status of a legal wife, powers in public affairs, became regents. The story of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan reveals in a new way the traditional view of the limitations that characterized the position of women in Islamic society.
Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan had a significant influence on Sultan Suleiman. She received foreign ambassadors, corresponded, did charity work, oversaw the construction of religious and civil buildings.
guns. Her influence was strengthened after the death of the mother of Sultan Suleiman - Valide Sultan in 1534 and the execution in 1536 of the chief vizier Sultan Suleiman.
With the death in 1553 of Prince Mustafa, the son of Sultan Suleiman from the concubine Mahidervan, who was strangled on the orders of his father, the position of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan seemed unshakable. The dizzying story of this woman ended in 1558 Cause of death Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan not clear. She was already about 60 years old, but there is a version that Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan could have died as a result of poisoning. A year after his death, the body of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan was buried in a mausoleum built by the architect Sinan on the territory of the Suleymaniye mosque complex. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent died eight years later. His body rests in the mausoleum, which is located here, on the territory of the Suleymaniye mosque complex. Sultan Suleiman ordered this mausoleum to be erected for himself immediately after the death of Hürrem Sultan, in 1559-1560. (See also "Death of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent")
The life of Sultan Suleiman after the death of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan took place on the battlefields. There is also information about intrigues at the court of the elderly Sultan Suleiman. Immediately after the death of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan, a struggle for power began. In 1561, Sultan Suleiman ordered the execution of his son from Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan - Bayezid, who revolted immediately after the death of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan in 1558. In 1562, one of the predecessors of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan - the concubine Gulfem - was executed by order of Sultan Suleiman. By a strange coincidence, the son of Gulfem, born from Sultan Suleiman in 1513, dies in 1521, exactly in the year of the birth of the first son of Sultan Suleiman from Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan - Prince Mehmed (1521 -
1543). For some time, the retired concubine Gulfem enjoyed the favor of Sultan Suleiman, but for some reason, soon after the death of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska, Sultan Gulfem was strangled by order of the ruler. These events may also speak in favor of the theory of the violent death of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan.
The story of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan and Sultan Suleiman, the story of a simple girl with a charming smile and a cheerful disposition (“Hyurrem” in Persian cheerful), who went through the slave market, ended up in the harem of the Ottoman ruler, a slave who received education and manners, became the wife of an outstanding ruler, is worthy of surprise.
The relationship between Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan and Sultan Suleiman was indicative of their children. Their son Sultan Selim II also married his concubine Nurbanu Sultan. Their relationship, as well as the history of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Sultan and Sultan Suleiman, was not covered in the chronicles of the Ottoman court, but there is a picture where behind Selim II in full height drawn woman. Unfortunately, there is no paired portrait of the parents of Sultan Selim II, just as there is no reliable portrait of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska Hasseki Sultan.
Text: A.A. Sharibzhanova
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