For modern man First of all, mind is important. It is on him that we focus when making important decisions. But what about feelings? After all, they play a role in our lives. Should man of sense live with feelings?

At one of the stages of evolution, people separated from the animal world. This happened, no doubt, thanks to the mind. Years, centuries, millennia passed. Epochs have changed. Civilization did not stand still. Discoveries were made in science, technical innovations appeared, new lands were explored - the mind moved humanity forward.

However, it is unlikely that our existence would be complete if from time to time we did not surrender to the power of various feelings: love and hate, friendship and hostility, joy and grief, pride and disappointment.

We don't have the same temperament different tempers, dissimilar fates. That is why our values ​​in life are different. Some people live exclusively by reason, always making conscious, balanced decisions. Others are used to listening only to the voice of the heart and intuition.

Many examples of unequal, and sometimes directly opposite attitudes towards life, we find in the literature.

Natasha Rostova, the heroine of Leo Tolstoy's epic novel, lives with feelings, thinking little about the causes and consequences of her actions. She rejoices and falls in love, sad and longing, makes mistakes and feels remorse. All this looks unusually natural and cute. It is no coincidence that Natasha is adored by the household; men cannot resist such childlike immediacy and sincerity of feelings. Denisov falls in love with a girl, she wins the hearts of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, Boris Drubetskoy and Anatole Kuragin are fond of her. This example shows what an attractive power sincere feelings have for a person.

The hero of the same work, Andrei Bolkonsky, follows reason until a certain time, and feelings in his fate do not play any role. prominent role. However, much changes when Bolkonsky fell in love with Natasha. Love illuminates Andrey's life, filling it with new meaning, making it bright and rich. The prince had a chance to experience a whole range of feelings: joy from reciprocity, bitterness from loss, jealousy, hatred.

At the same time, Andrei does not lose his rational beginning - on the contrary, love enriches the life of the mind with new shades, facets. On the eve of the battle near Borodino, like ordinary soldiers, Bolkonsky experiences the "warmth of patriotism." But love for the Fatherland, as they say, is supreme manifestation mind. At the end of his life, Andrei comprehends the main wisdom - love for God. It turns out that the secret of human happiness lies in the harmonious combination of reason and feeling. Doesn't this prove the life of Tolstoy's hero?

So, despite the decisive role of the mind, feelings have for each of us great value. They brighten up our existence, adding new meaning to it. Of course, it is not worth living only with feelings. But they cannot be ignored either.

Psychologists say that a person who lives with feelings opens the door to his main enemy - pride.

Main rule

Of course, without feelings and emotions, the world and its perception by a person would be boring and monotonous. People would turn into insensitive beings: no one could sympathize with another, nor be happy for him. Interest in life would fade away with lightning speed, and people would approach each other only from a rational point of view. Therefore, in order to live fully, it is necessary to have feelings and be able to manage them. The most important thing is to learn how to properly manage feelings that would be in balance with reason. But! Life shows something else: there is no balance between logic and emotions.

Feelings rule life

Failure to comply with the basic rule leads to the fact that feelings begin not only to prevail, but to rule life. People who live by feelings and do not include reason, fall into constant conflict with outside world and with ourselves. Moreover, people who live by feelings do not think that at least periodically it is necessary to turn on the mind. There is a problem that requires psychological help.

When a person lives with feelings, he opens the door to his main enemy - pride. In this state, a person begins to distort the idea of ​​himself, to feel himself as he is not in reality. Pride, in turn, breeds self-centeredness and selfishness. A person finds himself in a state that he feels that the whole world revolves around him, and the life of other people is not interesting to him. Thus, a person becomes a self-sufficient person.

Adviсe

In order for feelings to stop poisoning life, you must try to use the following tips:

  1. Turn on the mind. At first it will be difficult, but over time it will become easier and easier. The time will come, and this process will go back to normal. Thus, many such life situations will gradually begin to be solved by the accumulated patterns, i.e. automatically. A person begins to live not only with feelings, but also with his mind, doing everything as it should.
  2. Learn to think. Turning on the mind does not mean starting to think. According to statistics, the mass person thinks less than 5% of the time, even when the head is turned on. When turning on the mind, people often do not try to think: they are lazy, forget about it, are content with past decisions, template-habitual constructions of the mind, without deliberately thinking about the present situation.
  3. Find harmony of mind and feelings. In any case, it is always recommended to initially turn to the mind: to your own and to the mind of those around you. If this cannot be done immediately, then resort to the help of the senses. It is important to achieve such harmony: so that feelings can give subtle information about their psychological state and the condition of other people. At the same time, it is very important to keep in mind: feelings should remain only a tool, and the mind should make the final decisions.
  4. Listen to the words of St. Theophan: “It is impossible to live without feelings, but it is illegal to succumb to feelings ... Do this: think in advance where what kind of feeling arousal is possible, and enter into those circumstances, keeping yourself on guard against the disturbances of the heart, or holding your heart in strong hands. You need to practice this, and by exercise you can reach complete power over yourself.

If Aristotle defined man as homo sapiens, by this he determined not so much a fact as a landmark of a way of life: "Man is the one who lives." In all ages, in all world religions, people have been taught to subdue their passions, cleanse their minds from heated emotions, and more often live in spirit. For Christians, "passion" is an obstacle to the rapture of the soul to God.

According to St. Theophan the Recluse, “God created our nature pure from passions. But when we fell away from God and, focusing on ourselves, began to love ourselves instead of God and please ourselves in every possible way, then in this selfhood we perceived all the passions that are rooted in it and are born from it.

In Islam, the concept of "nafs", that is, the bodily-sensory essence of a person, is compared with a horse: if the horse is unbridled, it must be fought, if it is curbed, it must be controlled. For secular people, the Age of Enlightenment proclaimed the supremacy of reason and the need to subjugate the reason of all other principles in man and society.

"Timeless, non-historically understood, always identical to itself" reasonableness "as opposed to" delusions "," passions "," sacraments "was considered by enlighteners as a universal means of improving society." - Pavel Gurevich. Philosophy of man. Part 2. Chapter 3. The Age of Enlightenment: The Discovery of the Subject.

However, times are changing, and starting somewhere in the 60s of the twentieth century, there has been a massive propaganda of views "above reason." Previously, this was written only in women's novels, but soon it moved into quasi-spiritual literature (Osho on the priority of intuition and feelings), became fashionable in the books of Paulo Coelho ("live with feelings!") and soon became commonplace in Gestalt therapy.

"Feeling is closer to intuition. I do not expect the impossible, I do not say: "Be intuitive" - ​​you cannot do that. Right now, you can only do one thing - go from head to feeling, that will be enough. Then go from feeling to intuition it will be very easy. But it is very difficult to go from thinking to intuition. They do not meet, they are polar to each other." - Osho.

The only place where respect for the mind is still preserved and it is proposed to remove feelings when solving serious issues is business. If, when deciding on a share placement, you bring to your boss not an analysis of stock reports, but refer to your inner feelings, you will soon have to leave the position of financial consultant.

The slogan "live by feelings" became fashionable when women entered the public scene. Women are great at living with their heads, women are smart and practical, but women like to live with feelings, and where they can afford it, they do it. At work, a woman thinks well, is responsible and reasonable. But only a text message from her lover appeared on the phone, the woman turns off her head and answers not as smart, but as is customary in female culture - impulsively, on the sails of feelings and emotions. When forming decisions in her business plan, a woman calmly considers the risks, but if her child falls ill, her reaction is often emotional: her head turns off, anxiety and anxiety set in.

To live with feelings or to live including the head are two essentially different ways of life. If a person lives by feelings, then he lives his luck through his feelings - through a feeling of joy, lightness and enthusiasm. If a person lives by feelings, then he lives the mistakes he makes through his feelings - through guilt, experience, remorse and redemption. That's how he lives. If a person lives by reason, his scheme of life is different: "I thought - I did." More: comprehended, evaluated, rethought and drew conclusions, set a task, corrected behavior, evaluated the results, set the following tasks. This is how a reasonable person works.

Why do some people live with their feelings and others with their heads? First of all, it is the result of education. As people are taught, so they live.

I lived among those who always turned on their heads - I used to live the same way. I lived among those who always lived with feelings, for me it became my norm of life. Children and some girls are so accustomed to living with feelings that they can sometimes be guided by their heads.

A certain role is played by age and gender characteristics. Children more often live by feelings, adult life implies a greater role for the mind, but where people can choose their own way of life, men are more often guided by reason, women - by feelings.

Against the backdrop of a hormonal storm, it is really difficult to turn on the head, and if a girl is expected to have a rather soft character than a sharp mind, then the habit of “turning on her head” may not develop. And it will be difficult to turn on the head.

Is it difficult to live with your head turned on? Turning your head on often can be difficult at first, but over time it gets easier and easier. On the one hand, the head learns to always think, and it becomes natural just like using a spoon and fork while eating (it doesn’t bother you anymore, moreover, it’s even somehow uncomfortable without it, right?), On the other hand, in the process of life, many similar situations will gradually begin to be solved by the accumulated patterns, automatically. You do everything right, and your head is free. See Patterns: Harm or Benefit.

Fragment from the series "Sex in big city": Samantha decided to have an affair with a rich man. He made her VERY expensive gifts, but when she saw him naked, Samantha CHANGED her mind and ran away (well, with gifts). Actually, it’s a scam, but since she did it without thinking, but in feelings, then there are no ethical claims against her, as it were. Well, what do you want from a woman in feelings? - Yes, it is convenient to live with feelings, because you can throw out of your head considerations of responsibility and ethics.

Those who do not turn on their heads and live by feelings, and other troubles, and if they have at least some reason, with age, understanding comes: "thinking is useful." However modern life it is arranged in such a way that it is quite possible to live your life without including your head, in difficult situations you can just cry, and in very difficult situations, kind relatives and social services will always help. The only question is - do you want to live next to such a person? Will you teach this to your children?

Appreciate the mind, live with your head. Learn to think, turn to the mind more often - both to your own mind and to the mind of the people around you. Does this mean that you need to live without emotions? Of course not! Only distinguish between left and right emotionality. Indeed, there is impressionability and impulsive response, but there is the strength of temperament and emotional expressiveness. The tendency to splash out feelings, impressionability and impulsive response is rather a problematic feature and a bad habit that makes people worry in vain, make stupid purchases and make decisions that both the person himself and those around him will regret. This is the left emotionality. On the other hand, high energy of emotions, expressive gestures and strength of temperament are a useful tool and successful personality trait, because it is easily combined with the reasonableness of decisions and behavior. This is the right emotionality, it is joyful, useful and excellent.

Smart people they paint life with emotions, but in a situation they know how to push emotions aside and turn to reason.

If your emotions match what you came up with with your head - great, turn on your emotions. If emotions contradict the head, remove them. It is not obvious that your head will always come to best solutions, but this will not mean that you need to live with feelings, but that you need to become more an educated person and learn to think better.

Model: personal.

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

  • "Immersion" in wonderful world the writer, “getting used to” the world created by the author, familiarizing himself with the “secrets” of the author's skill;
  • Comprehension of the moral problems of the work;
  • moral education personality traits, familiarization with universal spiritual values;
  • Formation of the ability to distinguish between the point of view of the author and the characters; express their own position, the ability to conduct a dialogue;
  • Analysis artistic text;
  • Consolidation of literary terms;
  • Development of the imagination, emotional and aesthetic sphere. Mastering speech as a means of conveying thoughts, feelings, content inner peace person;
  • Creating a special lesson warm atmosphere human communication, the means of which is literature as the art of the word.

Equipment: tape recorder (music by F. Chopin “Waltz”, Beethoven “Fur Elise” sounds during the lesson)

Decor: portraits of the writer, drawings, statements, diagrams

Epigraphs:

Read this beauty. This is where you learn to live. You see different views on life, on love, with which you may not agree with any one, but your own becomes smarter and clearer.

L.N. Tolstoy about the novel by I.A. Goncharova " ordinary story”

Take it with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years into severe hardening courage, take with you all human movements, do not leave them on the road, do not raise them later!

N.V. Gogol

Feelings don't lie. I. Goethe

During the classes

Music sounds (F. Chopin "Waltz").

A student appears in the role of Alexander Aduev.

“Life… Life is so good, so full of charm, something mysterious, alluring, hiding so much in itself.

But was I really wrong in my cherished thoughts, and in warm beliefs in love, in friendship, and in people ... and in myself? What is life? How to live - feeling or reason?

Word of the teacher: Today we will turn to the work of I.A. Goncharov "Ordinary History", written in 1847. We will not only get to know each other and try to analyze this work, but we will also try, each for ourselves, to answer the question that so tormented the protagonist of the novel: How to live - by feeling or by reason?

In the creative heritage of I.A. Goncharov's novels "An Ordinary Story", "Oblomov", "Cliff" occupy the most important place. In them, the writer saw a kind of trilogy.

In your opinion, what unites all three of Goncharov's novels?

  • “I see not three novels, but one. All of them are connected by one common thread, one consistent idea - the transition from one era of Russian life, which I experienced, to another. I.A. Goncharov.
  • The antithesis of “hero-idealist” and “hero-practitioner” in its various variations will become the leading one for the novel world of Goncharov.
  • The writer showed representatives of the patriarchal and bourgeois structures (referring to the scheme).
  • common topic of all novels - Russia at the turn of two historical eras: patriarchal serfdom and post-reform bourgeois.

Teacher: L.N. Tolstoy advised his contemporaries: “Read this charm. This is where you learn to live. You see different views on life, on love, with which you can not agree with any one, but your own becomes smarter and clearer.

I hope Tolstoy's advice will be useful to us as well.

Belinsky, the frantic Vissarion, considered this novel "a terrible blow to romanticism, daydreaming, sentimentalism, provincialism."

What is your opinion about the novel?

  • The author gives an objective description of the picture of Russian life in a small country estate and in St. Petersburg in the 40s of the XIX century.
  • The dialogues between uncle and nephew are brilliantly written. Uncle confidently breaks his nephew.
  • This is a story about how a cute rural provincial youth turns into a practical person. A naive, pure provincial - an idealist becomes a monster.
  • I liked the look of Lisa. And, in my opinion, it is Lisa who is right, I think that the norm is the heart in harmony with the mind.
  • I think the plot and composition is very simple. Consists of 2 parts with an epilogue. Main character, a young man Alexander Aduev, who lived an idyllic life under the wing of his mother Anna Pavlovna, decides to leave his native Grachi estate. But all his dreams are shattered by the soulless atmosphere of St. Petersburg, where one skill is required from a person - “to love your job more than a person, to calculate and think everything over.”
  • In my opinion, the plot contains an “eternal grain” - biblical motif about the prodigal son.
  • I believe that main topic works are the theme of love. It contributes to the understanding of the character of the protagonist. Each of the heroines (Sonechka, Nadenka, Yulia, Liza) is given in the perception of Alexander, and when the hero's views on love change, his understanding of the role of women in society also changes. Unfortunately, there is no trace of romantic chanting.

What is the main content of the novel?

  • The dramatic content of the novel is the relationship between the two main characters: nephew and uncle.
  • Between them there is a kind of duel for the right to live life according to their ideals. Each of the heroes tries to defend his life principles while going to extremes.
  • And the ideals of uncle and nephew are directly opposite.
  • The basis of the composition is the antithesis.
  • And in the center of the novel is the conflict of two “philosophies of life”: the philosophy of feeling and the philosophy of mind. The first is represented by the romantic of life - Alexander Aduev, the second - by a businessman, a practical person - Pyotr Aduev.

Teacher: The conflict in the "Ordinary Story" is usually called dialogic. It is generated by the dissimilarity of life philosophy. For Goncharov, the search for harmony is important. So, a young man, full of high and noble, spiritual impulses.

Whom does this literary hero?

  • The image of Aduev is often correlated with the image of Lensky, the hero of the novel "Eugene Onegin". Pushkin, as you know, admitted that his hero could be “hanged like Ryleev,” but another fate could await him: a rebirth from an ardent dreamer into an ordinary landowner.

Teacher: This idea of ​​the poet was developed by V.G. Belinsky, who was sure that Lensky would undoubtedly expect the latter. Goncharov, just, and showed a similar version of rebirth, outlined by Pushkin.

Let's see what our heroes are arguing about, and how they are presented at the beginning of the novel: Dramatization (arrival of A. Aduev to his uncle, first meeting)

Which side are you on: uncle or nephew?

What does Alexander believe in, what is he convinced of? What are its values?

What do you think of your uncle's behavior? Is being a business person the command of the century? What: 19, 20, 21?

(Comparison of heroes, filling in the table - Appendix 1)

Did Alexander change immediately?

  • He accepted the truth of St. Petersburg only after 10 years of living in it.
  • The hero goes through the natural stages of growing up.
  • Disappointments haunt him not only in love, but also in creativity, in the service. In desperation, he comes to a suicide attempt.
  • He even leaves Petersburg for his mother's estate. But the "deceased" life seemed boring, he returns to the capital only for a career. A new Aduev appears with a bald head, with an order around his neck, plumper. He is a major official and the owner of a large fortune.
  • From a romantic, Alexander turned into a skeptic, a cynic, an egoist, disappointed in life and love. This is an active practitioner, for whom everything is determined by calculation.
  • For himself, he discovers ordinary and terrible truths: one must be a businessman. To be a man means deeds and calculations, and the measure of values ​​is money.

Who is to blame for the collapse of Alexander's lofty hopes?

  • Bureaucratic Petersburg.
  • Cynical skeptic uncle.
  • Calculating, cruel age.
  • It's just that the human heart has changed.

For you, an unexpected epilogue or natural?

  • The end of the novel is logical: the former admirer of Schiller has “a bald head, a respectable belly, the beginning of hemorrhoids, an excellent salary and a rich bride.”
  • From the former ideals of Alexander - not a trace, he is even ashamed of them.

Do you think that the type of romance is outdated?

  • Yes, although Aduev's romanticism, his belief in love "forever" and friendship "through the grave of life" - the canvas is not deep. But what is funny, bad about them? Nothing, and even vice versa. From a truly human point of view, these feelings are normal, necessary, and even Aduev himself is protected from vulgarity for several years.
  • But vulgarity wins. The delights of love, the ecstasy of friendship are simply indecent for a court adviser and gentleman.

Dramatization: epilogue scene

Why in the epilogue of the novel by I.A. Goncharov portrayed Aduev - the elder unfortunate, suffering?

For you last scene hugs of heroes - is it a symbol of reconciliation of generations, eras?

Why Ordinary Story? What is her usual?

To what point does the reader lead? Whose side is the author on?

  • The author shows the one-sidedness of the characters' positions, convincing readers of the need for harmony between "mind" and "heart"
  • The writer leads the reader to the idea of ​​equivalence in human life and mind and ardor of heart.
  • The heroes have changed not only externally, there has been a metamorphosis, they change places. The impressionable young dreamer is gone, now he is a successful person, and at the end of the novel, Peter Ivanovich needed more heart and feeling than “head” to save his wife.
  • Confessing the philosophy of a sober businessman, the elder Aduev left all this in the past as unnecessary.
  • Works relevant at all times

Teacher: The writer does not pass judgment on any of his heroes, Goncharov never looked like an accuser. Yes, empty daydreaming is naive, but business-like, prudent pragmatism is terrible. Goncharov is sad about the story told, and asks, as Gogol once did, not to forget the wonderful movements of the soul, which are especially characteristic of a person in his youth.

“Take with you on the road, emerging from your soft youthful years into a severe, hardening courage, take with you all human movements, do not leave them on the road, do not raise them later!”

How to live - feeling or reason? There is no direct answer to this question. The reader himself is looking for answers to the questions that life puts before him ...

Literature

  1. Great Russians / Biographical Library of F. Pavlenkov. - M .: "Olma - press", 2003. - p. 407.
  2. Russian literature of the 19th century. Grade 10: Textbook for schools and classes humanitarian profile.: - Part 1. - M., Moscow Lyceum, 2003. - 139 - 145s.
  3. Yu.A. Gaetsky Million Torments: The Tale of Goncharov. – M.: Det. lit., 1979. - 61-81 p.