Electric home heating boiler. Electric heating boilers how to choose. Induction heating boiler

On the market electrical equipment for heating, you can find a Russian boiler and foreign-made products with suitable technical specifications, which will provide heating for houses with an area of up to 100 or more squares with a height of up to three floors. Such boiler equipment allows you to create a heating and heating system hot water with the ability to connect to a household electrical outlet. Electric boilers for heating a private house are used along with gas ones, although the differences between these options in terms of economy, ease of use and connection features are very significant.

To find out how to choose an electric boiler for heating a private house, you need to understand the design features of such models, take into account the possibilities of connection in the conditions of the selected suburban area, choose a model with floor installation or wall mounting. Attention should also be paid to the fact that for space heating in systems with boilers of this type it is possible to fill such heat carriers as water, antifreeze or oil. When choosing one of the options, they are also guided by the conditions for maintaining a certain temperature regime and the intensity of heating the premises of the selected area.

How to choose an electric boiler with a heating element

Equipment with electric heating elements (TEH) is distinguished by the simplest but most effective design, which allows you to quickly replace or repair any of the elements. In the kit of such a wall or floor boiler, a container is provided in the form of a sealed tank with several heating elements for heating the coolant. You can adjust the heating power by turning on / off the heating elements in turn. For a model with a power of up to 12 kW, the number of heating elements can reach 5-6 pieces.

A modern electric boiler for heating a private house is equipped with automation that allows you to turn on / off the heating of the coolant, makes it possible to select a mode on the control panel. Hot water is also heated by boilers with two circuits. In such cases, when hot water is supplied, the heating of the coolant is suspended.

The owner of a boiler with heating elements receives one important advantage - a low and quite affordable price. In addition, the advantages of such equipment include:

simple design with high maintainability;
a large selection of coolants for filling the system;
minimum time for heating the boiler;
high operational safety, since in cases of water leakage, boilers with heating elements are switched off due to the operation of a thermal relay.

When choosing a coolant, attention is paid to resistance to freezing, which is possible when heating is stopped at the moment the hot water circuit is turned on.

Cons of electric boilers with heating elements:

massive tank design with heavy heating elements;
the appearance of scale in systems with a water coolant.

It is believed that such a heating electric boiler for a private house remains one of the simplest and least expensive solutions in terms of delivery, installation, connection, and operation costs. In fact, this is the same boiler, with the only difference that the latter is intended only for heating water.

Electric boiler with electrode heating

The presence of electrodes in an electric boiler provides heating of the coolant due to the potential difference that occurs when special salts are added to the water. These substances increase electrolytic properties and ensure the occurrence of alternating current between the electrodes, which leads to an increase in the temperature of the coolant. The polarity change occurs at a frequency of 50 Hz, which, in the presence of a rather high resistance of water, as a conductor of electric current, is quite enough for heating.

Before thinking about how to choose an electric boiler for heating a private house, take into account the advantages of electrode heating equipment:

small size due to the compact tank and the absence of circulation pumps;
minimum costs for the equipment itself, delivery, installation and operation;
a high level of safety in case of leaks, since the conductor is water, and if the tank is damaged, the heating stops due to the disappearance of the conductor.

Choosing an electrode electric boiler, you need to focus on the disadvantages of this equipment:

For normal operation systems as a heat carrier, only water is suitable;
the coolant is filled with the specified manufacturer resistivity because otherwise the boiler simply will not start;
Periodic replacement of electrodes is required, which eventually dissolve under the influence of an electric charge.

If we compare which electric boiler is better - with heating elements or electrodes, then we need to take into account that both options are easy to install and operate, but the safety of the former is much higher.

Heating houses with induction boilers

The choice of an electric boiler for home heating allows you to stop on induction-type models with heating of the coolant using the core of a magnetic coil. The heating element is installed in a hollow housing to protect against water ingress. Heating occurs when voltage is applied to the coil, which leads to the appearance of an electric current in the core, which increases the temperature of the coolant.

In the production of this equipment, the boiler body is carefully insulated from the outside to exclude any heat loss, so the efficiency and economy of induction equipment remains very high. Energy consumption for excitation due to good insulation, the induction currents in the coil are practically zero, so the coolant is heated quite quickly.

The choice of induction models greatly simplifies the installation and maintenance of this equipment due to the simplicity of the design. You can even assemble such a boiler yourself, for which it is enough to take a polyethylene insulator pipe, install press fittings, select a winding using a powerful transformer. For the core, any steel rod with the appropriate dimensions will do.

Advantages of choosing an induction boiler:

It must be taken into account what a good and reliable induction boiler will cost much more than models with heating elements or electrodes.

What do electric boilers of different designs have in common?

in terms of functionality and design features boiler equipment with heating elements, electrodes and induction heating has certain similarities:

Electric boiler - a good option for a country house also because it excludes energy losses during external environment. Models with electrodes, heating elements and induction heating are sufficient to install correctly and provide thermal insulation so as not to heat the surrounding space. Do it in a country house It is possible at minimal cost, it is enough to allocate a room prepared for this or a place inside the house.

Heating power selection

Prior to the purchase and installation of boiler equipment, a preliminary calculation of power is made to ensure optimal heating conditions. Such calculations help determine the average value that is obtained by dividing total area at home by 10. The peak power indicator is calculated approximately, so in reality, electricity consumption may be more or less. The presence of a thermostat provides automatic heating control, which directly affects the energy consumption in real room conditions.

How to connect boiler equipment

Electric boilers are distinguished by fire safety, so the likelihood of fire is reduced to almost zero, and such equipment can be installed without any restrictions in wooden houses. In this case, you will have to correctly calculate the power and select the appropriate electrical wiring, which, in the event of a malfunction, can cause fires. This is explained by the fact that wires of a smaller cross section heat up quickly under a significant load, the protective insulation melts, and the metal heats up, which leads to the appearance of fire.

To adhere to safety standards, the wiring is selected at the rate of 8 A per square millimeter. The minimum cross-sectional area for a 6 kW boiler is at least 3.4 square meters. mm. In terms of efficiency, these systems are the most optimal when supplying coolant to the "warm floor" systems. Efficiency remains high enough due to the low location of the heating circuit, which simplifies the supply of coolant.

Home heating options with electricity

In addition to boiler equipment, in country houses they use other possibilities for space heating:

The choice of a suitable option is made taking into account the peculiarities of connecting to the nearest power line in a particular area.

Electric boilers can be installed even in areas where there is no connection to the gas main. To do this, choose models with suitable power, operational safety and energy consumption. Such boiler equipment allows you to create comfortable conditions in houses with one or more rooms, regardless of weather conditions outside the home.

Although electricity is more expensive than heating with wood and coal, the system created on the basis of an electric boiler does not require a separate boiler room and a chimney. In this article we will talk about how to choose an electric heating boiler for a private house.

There are several prerequisites for choosing an electric heating boiler:

Lack of a gas main near the house.
Unwillingness or impossibility to allocate space for a boiler room and storage space for solid fuels (coal, firewood, pellets).
An electric boiler is easier to automate and integrate into a home control system.

Advantages of electric boiler heating systems:

Efficiency at the level of 92-99%.
Compact dimensions.
Registration with the regulatory authorities is not required.
The electric boiler has less inertia, warms up the house faster. The reaction to changing the settings can be felt after 2-5 minutes.
The electric boiler works automatically, does not require constant user attention.
There is no need for a separate room for the installation of heating equipment.

Significant electrical power is required.
The heating system is volatile.
Mandatory grounding of all components of the heating system is required.

Characteristics and features of electric boilers

In an electric heating boiler, the coolant is heated by the release of heat in a conductor through which an electric current flows. According to the method of implementation, boilers are divided:

heating elements;
induction;
electrode.

heating elements

The heating elements are refractory conductors, insulated with ceramics and a layer of copper with a high thermal conductivity as a sheath. They are called TENs.

The heat exchanger is more often of a flow type with 2-3 heating elements, although there are no restrictions on the use of a volumetric tank that accumulates heat.

The main disadvantage attributed to such boilers is the formation of scale on heating elements during operation. Scale reduces the rate of heat transfer, increases the temperature of the heating element, and reduces the life of the boiler. But the heat still comes in, and the efficiency decreases slightly. The inertia of the system and the risk of burnout of the heating element increase.

This aspect is eliminated by simple preparation of the coolant. It is enough to demineralize water before pumping into the system or use distilled water with antifreeze.

induction

An induction electric boiler operates on the principle of a transformer. The primary winding is an inductive coil, the secondary winding is a special metal core and a heat exchanger housing.

The current in the coil induces with the help of electromagnetic waves high currents on the case, from which the latter heats up, and the heat is transferred to the coolant. Due large area heat exchange it is possible to operate the boiler without elements with high temperature. For comparison, in heating elements the conductor is heated up to 500-600 °C.

Installation of a heating element and an induction boiler with a circulation pump is allowed in any convenient place, from where it is easier to lay pipes and provide normal access to equipment for maintenance. The electrode boiler is installed at the lowest point of the system, taking into account the powerful convection flow created by it.

The total cost of installing an electric boiler for heating a private house is not much higher than even gas equipment. This is possible due to the use of precise automation and programmers capable of setting the most economical and at the same time comfortable mode of operation of heat supply.

In that case when Vacation home regarded as a place permanent residence families, can not do without effective heating. Well, if the owners take this issue seriously, then most likely they will opt for a full-fledged heating system with a water circuit. Properly planned and installed piping, rationally placed in the required quantity throughout the rooms, radiators provide optimal uniform heat transfer to all rooms, open up the possibility of fine adjustment of the heating level, which has a positive effect on the microclimate created in the house, and on saving consumed energy resources. But what kind of boiler should be used to heat the coolant circulating in the circuit?

If there is an opportunity to connect to a gas main at the place of residence, then, of course, the choice will be made in favor of a gas boiler - this is by far the most inexpensive source of energy. And what about those owners who do not have such an opportunity? There are several solutions, and one of them is electric heating boilers, which will be discussed in this publication.

General advantages and disadvantages of electric heating boilers

To begin with, before proceeding to consider the types of electric heating boilers, it makes sense to dwell on their general advantages and, alas, disadvantages. And the advantages of such devices are especially noticeable at the stage of creating a heating system.

If a water heating system is being created, then its design and installation, in principle, does not really depend on the type of future boiler. In any case, this will be a fairly large-scale and very labor-intensive event, requiring significant material costs, which, one way or another, cannot be avoided. But when installing the electric boiler itself, the advantages of such equipment immediately appear. A brief comparison can be made.

1. Gas is by far the most economical type of energy source today. However, it is no secret that the installation of a gas main to the house instantly results in very sensitive costs. Very often you can find houses that are not gasified, the owners of which simply cannot afford to pay even for laying a branch line from the main line.

The next aspect is that even if gas is brought into the house, anyway, no one will ever allow the installation of equipment on their own. The owners have to go through a difficult path of bureaucratic procedures, starting from the drafting and ending with its approval in a variety of different regulatory authorities. And this is all - a lot of spending is still only at the stage of preparation for, in fact, installation work.

Do not forget about the mandatory conditions for installing a gas boiler - well-thought-out ventilation systems and removal of combustion products. This will also incur additional costs.

And, finally, the installation and launch of gas equipment itself has the right to be carried out exclusively by masters specialized organizations, which, as a rule, are monopolists in such a matter, which, of course, is reflected in the price level.

Thus, future energy savings result in very significant initial costs, even without taking into account the cost of the gas boiler itself.

2. What about solid or liquid fuel equipment? Here, too, there are many difficulties.

First of all, such a boiler will definitely need a separate room, equipped in accordance with existing rules. A chimney is required, and if in the case of a gas boiler it is possible in some cases to get by with a short coaxial one with a forced withdrawal of combustion products, then a full-fledged one is required with solid fuel or solarium equipment.

There is no way to avoid coordination procedures with regulatory organizations - solid or liquid fuel boilers, whatever one may say, are the most dangerous in terms of fire safety.

In any case, you will have to prepare some kind of storage for fuel reserves - it takes up a lot of space and requires a special approach to storage organization. Solid fuel boiler equipment will be appropriate if the owners really have access to cheap fuel.

Such boilers require very frequent intervention in their work - fuel loading and control over its combustion. Even the installation of long-burning equipment solves the issue only partially - loading, one way or another, will have to be done manually. well and automated systems with the supply of granulated fuel (pellets) are very expensive, and pellets are also not cheap.

And, finally, one more drawback - such equipment is least amenable to the processes of fine tuning, automation, programming of work, etc.

3. Well, now we will talk about electric boilers. What are their undeniable advantages?

The operation of such equipment is in no way connected with combustion and an open flame - completely different physical principles. From the point of view of fire safety, electric boilers can be called the most reliable, if, of course, high-quality electrical wiring is laid to them and the necessary safety devices are installed.
It also follows from this that the operation of the boiler is not associated with the emission of combustion products. Even the slightest chance of carbon monoxide poisoning is completely eliminated. There will be no costly measures for the installation of a combustion products removal system and additional ventilation.
Such advantages entail another advantage - an electric boiler does not require a separate boiler room at all. In principle, it can be installed in any room of the living area of the house. His work is not associated with the release of any gases or even unpleasant odors.

Modern compact wall-mounted electric boilers fit perfectly into the interior, become almost invisible when installed, for example, in the kitchen, in the hallway or in a small utility room.

Moreover, if heating is required for several rooms small house, often install miniature electric boilers in general, placing them near radiators, where they are even difficult to notice.

The only thing that can impose certain restrictions on the placement of equipment in a residential area is the noise from the operation of some models of automation units, or a slight vibrational hum characteristic of induction installations.

In most cases, if the total power of the boiler does not exceed about 8 ÷ 10 kW, no approvals from the controlling organizations will be required. And this means that the installation can be carried out on their own, well, perhaps with the involvement of a qualified electrician.

In accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the commissioning of facilities owned by individuals, do not require a permit from the state technical supervision if they are used for domestic needs and have a total power of not more than 15 kW. That is, to connect a boiler, the power of which lies in the range indicated above, a standard power line to a residential building is quite enough.

"Going through the chain of command" will be necessary if more powerful equipment is required, and it is advisable to carry out a three-phase power line for it.

By the way, many electric boilers have the ability to connect to both single-phase and three-phase networks. Their rated power in the technical documentation is shown in two digits, through a fraction, for example, 7.8 / 14.0 kW.

Electric boilers are extremely easy to operate and manage, do not require constant monitoring or user intervention in the work. Many modern models have very convenient control panels that allow you to make fine adjustments to the operation of the heating system.

Moreover, electric boilers fit perfectly into the “smart home” system that is gaining popularity in our time. If you purchase the appropriate set of equipment, you can make the most of preferential rates (night or holiday), program the operation of the equipment for minimum consumption during the daytime, when there is no one at home anyway, and bring it to the desired level by the time residents arrive in the evening, manage boiler by transmitting signals via mobile communications or over IP.

It is clear that the use of electricity to heat the house will not require any additional costs to create storage facilities for fuel.
Electric boilers, as a rule, are much simpler in design, which also determines their price - modern gas or solid fuel installations will cost much more.

All of the above would sound very nice if it were not for the significant shortcomings of electric boilers, which, alas, cannot be avoided, and which stop many potential owners from such an acquisition:

First, of course, is the cost. electrical energy. Before buying such equipment, it will be necessary to carefully calculate the "bookkeeping" of future monthly costs.

It is clear that with such a cost of energy carriers, one will have to pay the greatest attention to the thermal insulation of the entire house (apartment), since it would be completely unreasonable to throw money away for unnecessary heat losses. In addition, the importance of precise adjustment of the heating system is increasing, in order to use all the reserves of energy savings.

The use of an electric boiler will impose certain restrictions on the structure of the heating system itself. So, for example, it will be necessary to abandon an open system, all the more so - with natural circulation of the coolant - it is uneconomical in this regard.

In addition, not all radiators will fit. Two extremes immediately disappear: light steel radiators and heavy cast iron batteries - both will result in unnecessary wastage of energy with insufficient performance.

The best options are bimetal radiators or, with some reservations, which will be discussed below - aluminum.

Some electric boilers are very demanding on quality and chemical composition used coolant.

Such a heating system becomes completely dependent on the power supply. If there are frequent power outages in the settlement, then you should not even think about purchasing such equipment. No, even the most powerful uninterruptible power supply systems will come to the rescue here. True, there is an option to use combined boilers, for example, “wood-electricity”, but here a completely different approach to creating a heating system is required.

Combined wood-electricity boiler

Combined boiler prices

combined boiler

Some electric boilers really "do not like" voltage drops in the network. Such a question, of course, is quite simply solved by installing a power stabilizer, but this will again entail new costs.

What are the general parameters to rely on when choosing a boiler?

In this section of the article, only general selection criteria will be considered that apply to all electric boilers without exception. Below when it comes. Actually, about the types of equipment, this information will be supplemented specific features characteristic of particular varieties.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

Boiler power

You should always start with this parameter - most of the other criteria will depend on it. Well, the power of the boiler itself depends, in turn, on a number of characteristics of the building or apartment where the heating system is supposed to be created.

There is a common opinion that for high-quality heating and replenishment of heat losses, 1 kW per 10 m² of heated space is enough. For a rough estimate - perhaps this is so. But still, this approach does not take into account so many nuances that can affect the efficiency of heating a house. This includes the height of the ceilings, the number, type and size of windows, the presence entrance doors or exits to an unheated balcony, the degree of wall insulation, vertical proximity to the premises (attics, basements, unheated rooms, etc.), climate features in the region of residence. Moreover, even the location of the premises on the cardinal points matters (the north side will always need more heat). And if we are talking about expensive electricity, even the method of connecting heating radiators becomes important - this can also provide some cost savings.

The formulas for calculating the required power are very complex and cumbersome. Therefore, we will take the liberty of offering the reader a convenient method of calculation using the calculator below. It already takes into account the most basic parameters that affect the consumption of thermal energy. The method involves calculating the power for each of the premises, followed by summing up the values and laying the necessary reserve.

To begin with, you should refer to the plan of your possessions that each owner has. There, for sure, the dimensions and area are affixed. The rest of the parameters will be easy to determine, just by making a small detour of the rooms.

To make it easier to understand, here is an example:

The figure shows a completely arbitrary plan of the house, for which it is necessary to calculate the thermal output of the boiler.

To calculate the power of the heating boiler, it is advisable to draw up a small plate in which the individual characteristics of each room should be placed. In our case, it will look something like this:

The room, its area, ceiling height. Floor insulation	The number of external walls and their main location relative to the cardinal points. Degree of wall insulation	Number, type and size of windows	Existence of entrance doors (to the street or to the balcony)	Required heat output (including 10% reserve)
Area 42.1 m²				7.8 kW
1. Hallway. 1.24 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Poorly insulated field	No	No	One	0.5 kW
2. Hall. 3 m². Ceiling 2.9 m. Insulated floor	No	No	No	0.4 kW
3. Living room. 14.1 m². Ceiling 2.9 m. Well-insulated floor	Two. East - South. Average degree of insulation.	Two, single glazing.	No	2.1 kW
4. Utility room. 2 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well-insulated floor		No	No	0.2 kW
5. Kitchen. 5.3 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well-insulated floor	Two, North, East. Average degree of insulation	Two, ordinary wooden frames. 1000 × 900 mm.	No	1.3 kW
6. Bathroom combined. 2.4 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well-insulated floor	One, North. Average degree of insulation	No	No	0.3 kW
7. Bedroom. 14 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well insulated floor.	Three, mostly South and West. Average degree of insulation.	Three. Single glazing. 1200 × 900 mm	One	3 kW
TOTAL:

For example, let's take a region with an average minimum temperature air in the coldest decade of the year - in the range from - 25 to - 35 ° С. The house has an average degree of wall insulation ( brickwork without high-quality external thermal insulation), an unheated attic is located on top of the premises.

Please note that the last two items in the calculator below will be the features of the location of heating radiators. They are shown in order from most effective ways connections, with the least loss of thermal energy, and further - as the efficiency of their heating decreases. For electric heating this can be very important in terms of energy savings.

Now it remains to sequentially enter values for each of the rooms - and determine required amount thermal energy for high-quality heating and replenishment of heat losses. In the calculations, a 10% power reserve is immediately introduced - so that at the most adverse conditions the equipment was not working to its limits. The sum of the values of the right column will give the desired power of the electric boiler.

Heating a private house is autonomous system heating, the reliability of which depends primarily on the boiler. The coolant heating device can operate on many types of fuel, including electricity.

Heating a private house with an electric boiler allows you to do without the use of solid fuel, which must be constantly loaded into the furnace, and in comparison with gas equipment, an electric boiler for heating a private house is a safer equipment to operate.

Electric heating system in a private house Source remont-da.ru

General information

Electric heating boilers for a private house have been used for many years, but thanks to the development of microprocessor electronics, many of today's appliances can be easily programmed to the desired operating mode for heating a residential area. Modern electronic boilers are convenient in that the operation of the heating system can be easily adjusted and not wasted electricity at a time when all residents leave the house, and when using a two-tariff meter, set the device to maximum operation at night, when the cost of electricity is much lower.

Electric heating boilers Source ultra-term.ru

Features of using electric boilers

Electric boilers for heating a private house are convenient in that their installation does not require a chimney to remove gases. Electrical installations are practically silent and do not burn oxygen in the room.

The disadvantage of such systems can only be considered the possibility of electric shock and too high prices for the electricity consumed. These shortcomings can be overcome if the equipment is installed taking into account safety regulations, and to save money Money, as mentioned above, a two-tariff electric meter is purchased.

With the right approach to using an electric boiler in a private house, such a system is not inferior to other types of heating installations, and in many respects significantly surpasses them.

Electric boiler with a water heater in a private house Source sellprint.ru

Boiler selection criteria

Currently, specialized stores sell electric heating boilers of various characteristics in many respects, which ones are best for a private house can be very difficult to figure out. When choosing an electric boiler, you should first of all pay attention to the following criteria:

power;
type of heating element;
manufacturer;
Availability additional features.

It will depend on the power indicator of the purchased device whether the device can cope with heating the living area of the house, and on the type of heating element used in the boiler - its cost. The cheapest boilers are devices in which a heating element is used to heat the coolant, and the most expensive are induction units. Its price depends on how popular the manufacturer of the boiler is, in addition, the presence of additional functions of electrical equipment will affect the cost indicator.

Electric heating system for a large country house

Types and features

The following types of electric boilers are used to heat a private house:

TENOVY - a tubular electric heater is used to heat the coolant. Such boilers are inexpensive and not too demanding on the quality of the liquid. The main disadvantage of these heaters is the formation of scale on the heating element, which can fail due to excessive heating.
Induction - the most economical devices in terms of power consumption, but the cost of such a device will be noticeably higher compared to a heating element boiler.
Electrode - safe in operation, but very demanding on the quality of heat carriers type of electric boilers.

Any of the listed units can be used for installation in a private house, but with a large usable heating area, boilers that use a heater are the least suitable.

Video description

See the video for an overview of electric boilers:

How to choose a boiler for a private house

An electric boiler must fully cope with the task of heating a private house, so the device must be correctly selected in terms of power. For an accurate calculation, it is necessary to calculate the heat loss of the building. With this question, it is better to contact specialists who will not only establish the places of heat leakage, but also make the necessary calculations of the power of thermal equipment. In general, you should choose devices 20-30% more powerful than necessary to provide heat to the whole house.

Electric boilers with heating elements

Such devices are most often used as the main or additional space heating. Electric boilers with heating elements can be either wall-mounted or floor-mounted. Floor-standing units, as a rule, are designed for high power and have large dimensions.

Given the high probability of failure of the heating element, some models are equipped with two heating elements. Such installations are more reliable, and allow you to fully heat the premises even if one heating element fails.

TENovy electric boiler Source kotlof.ru

Induction electric heaters

An alternating magnetic field is used to heat the coolant in induction boilers. Under the influence of strong alternating magnetic fields, the metal heats up and heat is transferred to the liquid in the tank. Thus, it is possible to completely isolate the electric heating element from the effects of the liquid and the salts dissolved in it.

Induction boilers are much more expensive than heating elements, but given the high reliability, efficiency and high power of such heating systems, experts recommend making your choice in favor of purchasing boilers of this type.

Vortex induction heater Source nn.kotel-t.ru

The choice of a double-circuit electric boiler

Some electric boilers perform not only the function of space heating, but also supply hot water. Such heating installations have two circuits, one of which passes inside the second. Double-circuit boilers allow you to save not only energy, but also the usable area of the house, which would be used to accommodate water heating equipment. The main disadvantage of this system is the dependence of hot water supply on the heating mode of a private house.

It is not difficult to choose an electric double-circuit boiler for heating a private house, but such a heating installation will cost much more than single-circuit models.

Double-circuit electric boiler Source ekarpov.ru

What is the difference between single and dual models?

The main difference between double-circuit models and single-circuit units is the size. Double-circuit boilers must have a sufficient volume of the main tank so that copper pipes of sufficient length can be placed inside it to heat water in them during the flow of liquid.

In addition, double-circuit models are produced with greater power, because a significant amount of thermal energy can be consumed during frequent hot water intake.

Single-circuit electric boiler Source dom-and-sad.ru

Installation and operation of an electric boiler

An electric heating boiler can be installed independently. Depending on the type of unit purchased, the heating unit is mounted on the wall or on the floor. In both cases, installation is carried out in the following sequence:

marking the location of the boiler;
drilling mounting holes;
installation of the boiler on anchor bolts;
connecting the boiler to ground;
connection of the device with the heating system;
connecting the device to the power supply;
filling the heating system with coolant and removing air pockets;
boiler start.

Scheme of connecting an electric boiler to a heating system Source stroyfora.ru

If all of the above actions were performed correctly, then the electric boiler will start and the heating system will begin to function normally. During the operation of the boiler, it is necessary to monitor the level of coolant in the tank. If it drops to the minimum, then water should be added to the normal value.

In the event of leakage, so that the device does not fail, it is necessary to immediately eliminate the depressurization of the system. Also, in the process of operation, electric boilers for the home must be cleaned of contamination and the wiring connected to the device must be monitored for good condition.

Important! Installation and connection of an electric boiler should be done by professionals.

Cons of heating with electricity

The main disadvantage of using electric boilers for heating a private house is the high probability of a power outage. This usually happens during natural Disasters and accidents on power lines. Especially often such troubles arise in winter time year, when heating operation should not be interrupted for a long period of time.

Given the large power consumption of such devices, it is almost impossible to provide a backup power supply to the heating system using batteries. The problem can be solved only by connecting powerful generators, which are expensive and consume a large number of gasoline or diesel fuel.

If you want to connect a powerful heating installation, then, as a rule, such boilers are powered by a three-phase electrical network. Therefore, if in locality there is no way to connect a voltage of 380 V, then heating with electricity will be unavailable for a large private house.

An important disadvantage of using electricity is the high cost of electricity, which only increases every year.

Video description

Watch the video on how the electric boiler works:

Conclusion

Heating your home with an electric boiler is a good alternative to using solid fuels. For greater reliability, you can combine these two types of heating, but with a reliable diesel generator, this is not necessary. With such a safety net, even the most Cold winter and sudden power outages.

If you are familiar with the device of an electric kettle, then it will be clear to you why heating a house with an electric boiler is called the most in a simple way heating. The principle of operation of an electric boiler is very similar to heating water in a kettle. The heat source is a heating element, which heats up when passing through it. electric current. The question arises, if this is so, why electric boilers are not used everywhere and why boilers are produced on other types of fuel. We will answer this question in this article.

About electric boilers and the availability of electricity

So, electric boiler. For heating an average house of 100 sq. meters, an electric boiler with a capacity of 10 kW is required (about the calculation of power below). A simple calculation from a physics course gives that with a supply voltage of 220 volts, the current load of the network to power one such boiler will be 45 amperes. If we add 10 kW to 10 kW, which are necessary for the operation of other electrical equipment and lighting in the house, then we get the power that needs to be requested to connect 20 kW.

Hence the first problem is to use an electric boiler for heating: not everywhere such capacities are available for connection.

Important! Before buying an electric heating boiler, you need to agree on its power and the ability to connect to the supervisory authorities (Energonadzor) of your area. A boiler installation project may be required.

The principle of operation of an electric boiler

The undoubted advantage of the electric boiler is the simplicity of its design. Again, the comparison of the boiler with the kettle suggests itself. Heating of the liquid heat carrier takes place in the boiler tank with the help of one or more heating elements. The liquid heated in the boiler tank to a temperature of almost 100 degrees, either naturally or forcibly circulates in the heating system. The boiler tank is made of stainless steel.

Completes the convenience, the release of single-circuit and double-circuit boilers. A single-circuit boiler serves only for heating the house, and a double-circuit boiler has two heat exchangers and two independent heating circuits. One circuit provides hot water supply (DHW) in the house, and the second circuit provides heating.

Of course, modern boilers are equipped with smart controls that allow you to turn the boiler on and off as needed, adjust the heating temperature, which significantly saves energy.

Hence the first plus of the electric boiler. The absence of complex technical elements in the boiler makes it the most reliable and cheapest heating boiler to maintain. By the way, installing and starting an electric boiler is also simple and affordable with your own hands.

Electric boiler power supply

I mentioned above that Energonadzor may need a boiler installation project. This is for electrical safety. The power and currents of the boiler are large, hence heightened danger fires from improper wiring.

To connect the power supply to the boiler, you need a separate wiring, correctly called a group, with grounding. There are single-phase boilers on sale, they are powered by a 220 Volt network, and three-phase ones are powered by a 380 Volt network. Three-phase devices have more power.

To calculate the cross section of the cores of the supply cable, we use the practical formula of an electrician: for 5 kW of power, we take 1 sq. mm section of the copper wire in the cable. That is: For boilers with a power of up to 7.5 kW, you need a copper cable with a core cross section of 2.5 mm. For boilers from 7.5 to 20 kW, a cable with 4 mm cores is required. For 20-30 kW stakes, a 6 mm cable is needed.

Note! The cross section of the conductors of electrical cables is not indicated in mm, but is indicated in square meters. millimeters. The marking of the cable VVGng 3 × 2.5 means that the cable is in double vinyl insulation with three cores, the cross section of each core is 2.5 sq. mm.

For a more accurate calculation of the cable cross-section, we use such a table from the PUE, 7 (rules for electrical installations, ed. 7).

Some boilers have stepwise power adjustment. This allows you to save energy by switching the boiler from the maximum power. The boiler output is controlled either automatically or manually. Electric boilers are equipped with thermometers, pressure gauges, thermostats.

Execution of electric boilers

Of course, a modern electric boiler is not a kettle and it is filled with various additional equipment. There are boilers in which automatic overload protection is installed. Equipped with a built-in temperature limiter. Boilers are available in floor and wall versions. All this must be read in the descriptions of the boiler and paid attention to.

Types of electric boilers

It should be mentioned that wall and floor electric boilers are produced.

Also, in addition to heating elements electric boilers, more efficient electric boilers are widely used: electrode and induction electric boilers.

How much does it cost to heat a house with an electric boiler

All this was a theory, little affecting the wallet. How much will it cost to heat a house with an electric boiler? By the way, the cost of electric boilers themselves is lower compared to other heating boilers.

Given: To calculate, let's go back to my example above. House 100 sq. meters, electric boiler 10 kW (for 10 meters we take 1 kW of the boiler).

Question: How much will it cost to heat a house with such a boiler in the winter from October to May.

Solution:

Calculation 1. We consider that the boiler works constantly. Power consumption 10 kW per hour, 240 kW per day, 7200 kW per month. At the prices of 2017, 1 kWh = 5.38 rubles (one tariff Moscow). Received per month permanent job boiler, which does not happen in practice, 38,736 rubles.
In practice, the boiler will operate at full capacity for 10-14 days during the entire winter period. During the rest of the winter time (December-February) the boiler will operate at 50% capacity. In the remaining months, the boiler will operate at 30% capacity.

We get: For the entire season, in Moscow prices, the boiler will “eat” 116,190 rubles in 8 months. Which averages 14523 rubles per month. Here's the math.