On April 28, journalists, bloggers and environmentalists will gather at the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Culture for the second “media cleanup.” It is expected that more than a thousand people will take part in the event, designed to draw attention to the problem of waste sorting this year. Participants in the cleanup will remove last year's leaves, collect branches and garbage, clean lawns, tidy up feeders for squirrels and birds, plant flowers, and also learn how to sort garbage for subsequent recycling.

When sanitary cleaning the city, the method of two-stage waste removal to regional landfills using waste transfer stations (WTS) is widely used. The first WTS in the city with a capacity of 72 thousand tons per year was put into operation in 1995 on the territory of the Northern administrative district.

Today in the capital, three technologies are used at urban SPMs: pressing into replaceable containers; transshipment with compaction from small garbage trucks to heavy-duty ones; pressing into high-density briquettes.

Two-stage removal of solid waste using SPM allows you to: reduce the cost of transporting waste to landfills; reduce the number of garbage collection trucks by reducing the solid waste removal shoulder; reduce gross emissions of harmful substances from vehicles involved in waste removal; increase the lifespan of landfills by burying briquetted waste; reduce the load on highways in the city and region.

Thermal disposal of solid waste

The main task of waste incineration plants is the environmentally safe thermal neutralization of solid household waste with the generation of thermal and electrical energy.

Garbage arriving at factories is weighed and undergoes radiometric control. Control technological processes waste incineration and flue gas purification are fully automated. The computer system allows you to control not only the technological process of waste combustion and flue gas purification, but also control their composition “on line”.

Gas purification systems ensure compliance with not only Russian, but also European standards for the purification of flue gases during waste incineration. To neutralize pollutants generated during waste combustion, high-quality slaked lime, activated carbon, urea, etc. are used. Similar gas purification systems have been repeatedly tested and have proven themselves at European waste incineration plants as reliable and highly efficient.

For example, at Moscow waste incineration plant No. 4, before burning, all waste undergoes sorting and preparation, while recyclables and non-combustible materials are separated, including paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap, and large waste fractions are crushed.

Combustion is carried out in furnaces with a vortex fluidized bed of inert material - quartz sand.

This method allows you to: eliminate the use of mechanical devices in the waste incineration area; neutralize waste within a wide range of changes in its humidity and ash content; achieve high specific heat loads with a uniform temperature distribution in the fluidized bed; ensure a reduced content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases.

Thermal and electrical energy generated by burning municipal waste completely meets the plant's own needs, and excess electrical energy is supplied to city networks.

Moscow solid waste is transported to landfills located in the Moscow region, but more than 60% of the 31 waste disposal sites in the Moscow region have already exhausted their capacity.

All waste arriving at landfills is weighed, undergoes radiometric control and is registered.

When constructing new and reclaiming waste pits, imported Bentofix insulating material with a high filtration coefficient is used.

When burying waste, it is compacted and insulated layer-by-layer with soil. An increase in waste density is achieved by using imported compactor rollers weighing from 27 to 45 tons, which can significantly increase the service life of landfills.
After filling the pits to the design marks, they are reclaimed with the planting of grass and trees and shrubs.

To disinfect the wheels of vehicles leaving the landfill, a bath with a disinfectant solution is used. District sanitary authorities systematically carry out work on disinsection and deratization of landfills, as well as monitoring the condition of the soil on the border of the sanitary protection zone.

Since 2005, the largest waste sorting station in Russia has been operating in the Kotlyakovo industrial zone of the Southern Administrative District of Moscow, which consists of four technological lines, equipped mainly with domestic equipment.

After weighing and undergoing radiometric control, the garbage is unloaded in the receiving department and enters a drum screen via a conveyor belt, where fines and food waste are sifted out. Paper, cardboard, plastic and glass are selected from the large fraction of waste in sorting booths. Through technological openings, secondary raw materials enter the storage compartments.

The waste remaining after sorting ("tailings") is transported through a conveyor system into high-density bales and transported by heavy-duty road trains to a landfill for disposal.

Separate (selective) reception of secondary raw materials

The main purpose of municipal waste management is to organize separate collection production and consumption waste in order to extract useful components for reuse Therefore, one of the most important issues in waste management remains the implementation of a system for selective collection of solid waste.

According to the capital's law "On production and consumption waste in Moscow" dated November 30, 2005, the authorities are obliged to establish separate waste collection in the city. Article 7, paragraph 5 of the law determines: “Waste producers - subjects of economic and other activities when carrying out waste management activities are required to ensure separate collection and temporary storage of secondary material resources (metal, glass, textiles, waste paper, containers, packaging, polymer materials, rubber , reagents, technical liquids and oils, household appliances and equipment, electrical and electronic equipment, electric batteries, mercury thermometers, products Agriculture and other types of secondary material resources)".

At the same time, there is an administrative penalty for the lack of separate waste collection. According to Article 4.33. Code of the City of Moscow on Administrative Offenses of the City of Moscow, failure to comply with this requirement entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of 40 thousand rubles; for legal entities - 250 thousand rubles.

According to the head of the Department of Environmental Management and Protection environment Anton Kulbachevsky, according to the environmental protection program, in the next five years Muscovites must switch to separate waste collection. As of August 2011, in 36 districts of Moscow (among them Gagarinsky, Alekseevsky, Western and Eastern Degunino and others) about 3,000 containers for separate waste collection were installed next to ordinary metal ones. In 2010, only 17.5 thousand tons of waste were collected in these containers, and in total in 2010, Muscovites produced more than five million tons of household waste.

But for most Muscovites, the option of separate waste collection is not available. According to city authorities, the introduction of a separate waste collection system must begin with an experiment in order to gradually develop a habit among people.

The head of the department, Kulbachevsky, said that a letter had been sent to the Moskomarkhitektura with a proposal that special rooms with tanks for storage should be created on each floor in new buildings. There should be four to five garbage bins and garbage should be collected daily.

According to Kulbachevsky, the transition to separate waste collection is a long-term process, because it will be difficult to get rid of the Muscovites’ habit of putting everything in one bag, developed over the years. For many developed countries, including Germany, this took decades.

international experience

Switzerland

Every resident of Switzerland is required to sort garbage, regardless of social status - this is the law. Violators receive a large fine. The law is enforced by the garbage police, who are able to find and bring to justice even a person who threw a cigarette butt out of a car window. Those who do not want to “get their hands dirty” must pay a tax to have a “specialist” deal with their waste. Another direct responsibility of every law-abiding Swiss is to bring sorted waste to collection points, from where it is sent to recycling plants.

The waste sorting system in Switzerland has been taken to the extreme. In the country, more than 90% of used glass containers end up in recycling plants.

On the streets of Geneva there are metal containers for broken and non-standard bottles, and the glass is sorted by color: white, green, brown, for this purpose the containers have appropriate inscriptions.

Almost a third of printed products are also returned to recycling collection points. Batteries containing reagents hazardous to living organisms are never thrown into the trash, just like old electrical appliances, household appliances, and construction waste.
For example, for used batteries, “birdhouses” - small boxes - are placed around large stores and schools.

PET bottles (plastic), fluorescent lamps, and cans are collected separately (residents are required to compress them using a home magnetic press).

In the USA, separate waste collection has also been developed - it must be thrown into strictly designated containers. There is a system of fines.

There are more than 550 waste recycling plants in the United States - local residents It is proposed to only hand over recyclable waste. It is also possible to hand over household waste for a fee to commercial structures that sort, package and sell waste to enterprises.

Some US states use a deposit system: when purchasing goods in containers (such as bottles) that can be recycled, the buyer pays a certain amount as a deposit. When he returns the bottle, he receives this money back.

In recent decades, a new method of dealing with waste has begun to be used in the United States - waste minimization: entrepreneurs produce more economical packaging, and consumers learn to reuse existing items. The program is called RRR - Reduce. Reuse. Recycle (Reduce consumption. Use again. Recycle).

Germany

Germany also has a separate waste collection system. Each type of solid waste has its own barrel. The barrels should be placed close to houses, but no further than 15 m from the roadway, to make the work of garbage collectors easier.

Only residual garbage, old newspapers, magazines and carton boxes. Cans, bottles, polymer and paper, as well as partially metal packaging with a “green dot” are thrown into the yellow barrel. The green barrel is intended for organic waste that is processed into compost.

Excess glass containers that for some reason did not end up in the yellow packaging barrel must be placed in large containers, also located at several points in each district. Green, white and brown bottles are sorted on site.

Pharmacies accept expired medications. There are collection points for old batteries in any supermarket. The removal of refrigerators must be agreed upon in advance.

Garbage collected in the city, depending on the distance between the collection point and the landfill, is delivered either directly to the landfill, or to a sorting center, or to a waste transfer station. Here, using a waste receptacle for several tens of tons with a built-in hydraulic press, waste is reloaded into large (with a carrying capacity of 24-40 tons) truck containers. Thus, transport costs are reduced.

Collected at sorting centers packaging materials sorted manually. Different kinds household waste is recycled by the glass industry; paper recycling society; a society for the recycling of used packaging made of artificial materials, polymer films, cans, bottles, polystyrene foam; metallurgical industry; society for recycling aluminum packaging, etc.

Sweden

A separate waste collection system also operates in Sweden. A family living in a separate home pays half the cost of waste removal if they sign a pledge to sort plastic, tin, glass and paper, and compost organic waste. Hazardous waste is taken out in a special red container immediately before garbage collection.

IN apartment buildings Garbage collection happens like this: garbage containers Everything is thrown away except what is supposed to be carried in special containers for tin, plastic, etc. Hazardous waste is disposed of at special environmental stations, which can be located, for example, at a gas station. Green and red containers are placed at the station for batteries and light blue ones for photochemicals, paint residues, aerosol cans, used engine oil, solvents and fluorescent lamps. Old newspapers are collected once a week, bagged and put out the door. In a number of places there are special “gas collectors”. Aluminum cans are returned to supermarkets and a deposit is paid for them. Glass is thrown into special white and green containers, into which clear and green glass are thrown, respectively.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Waste sorting complex

Solid waste sorting lines allow the extraction of secondary raw materials, which are useful, for the purpose of their further processing and/or sale. This includes plastic, tin containers, cardboard, glass, metal, PET.

The waste sorting complex is designed for processing waste in large and small settlements. The production capacity of solid waste sorting lines is 5,000 – 500,000 tons per year. In accordance with the needs of the customer, the number of sorted fractions and stations in such lines may vary. Operators carry out manual sorting, the number of posts depends on the volume of waste, it can be within 6 - 44 sorting posts or more - it all depends on the needs of a particular settlement.

Automatic sorting uses high-tech equipment that allows optical scanning. The main stage of the sorting process may be preceded by a preliminary stage. At this stage, KGM is sorted, and specialized equipment for tearing bags can be installed.

The MSW waste sorting line makes it possible to isolate all useful fractions, which are then pressed into briquettes using vertical and/or horizontal equipment. They can also be crushed by crushing plants, which make it possible to obtain the necessary fraction and reduce volumes for transportation; this is also necessary to obtain RDF.

The concept of the organization goes to new level practical implementation. Modern technologies allow you to optimize product manufacturing processes with the expectation of ensuring a full production cycle. That is, the waste generated is not disposed of, but is sent to a new production cycle. However, this concept is only partially realized in most cases. The waste either does not find use at the plant that produces it, or cannot be properly sorted. It is to solve the second problem that many industrial enterprises a waste sorting complex is integrated, with the help of which you can obtain ready-made cleaned masses of paper, glass, metal or plastics.

Organization of work of waste sorting complexes

They are not only a product of the life activity of the average consumer of goods. Such waste is left behind during work and manufacturing enterprises, and retail chains with commercial organizations. At the factory facilities, a waste sorting complex can be equipped without creating a transport organization for transporting waste. In other cases, companies draw up a special agreement, according to which another processing enterprise will carry out sorting operations.

Before shipping the accumulated waste, the company weighs and assembles the batch. Next, the cargo is moved directly to the sorting complex. Then several stages follow, as they progress through the selection of recyclable materials suitable for production purposes. The sorting of solid waste itself is carried out in several stages, each of which is carried out using special equipment.

Receiving and supply conveyors

Reception of a batch of waste is carried out using special bins, which can directly transfer the mass to the sorting line. At the same time, supply schemes that are directly carried out by garbage trucks are also common. As a rule, the basis of such complexes is made up of industrial concrete sites located under the canopy of a waste collection station. Bulky household waste is selected and reloaded with special equipment. For this purpose, bulldozers and excavators with appropriate attachments are used.

Already at the stage of selecting individual items of value, the sorting process begins. As a rule, the remaining mass is sent to a reverse conveyor, after which it is fed into an open multi-lift container. Depending on the operation scheme of a particular plant, it can be carried out at facilities adjacent to the sorting complex. This results in a non-stop process of selection and processing, which allows saving a considerable part of the costs of transporting waste.

Sorting conveyor

In most cases, sorting is carried out with masses that contain elements of homogeneous dimensional characteristics. To perform the sorting of such waste, the work of conveyors serviced by operators is organized. Having selected suitable fractions, workers dump them into the appropriate bunker. Typically, a conveyor has several hatches designed for discharging one or another type of waste - for example, plastics, waste paper, metal, glass, etc. From the point of view technical organization, this sorting of solid waste is the simplest, since the main emphasis is on manual labor. Automation only ensures the movement of the belt, onto which the waste mass is first supplied. In this case, there are one- and two-sided lines, that is, selection can be carried out on one or both sides.

Automatic press

The pressing equipment is not directly related to the basic sorting function. Such machines usually work with ready-made recyclable materials, which can be used in future production purposes. There are also waste processing complexes that do not have a press. Most often, these are mini-factories where, immediately after sorting, the resulting elements are sent for industrial processing. The press itself is a hydraulic machine, which, by applying pressure, ensures compression of the incoming mass.

Pressing as such is needed to form bales that are compact for transportation and logistics handling. In this case, it is desirable that the waste mass entering the pressing machines have exactly the same characteristics. In this case, further processing of recyclable materials on thermal or mechanical machines will be facilitated.

Storage hopper

There are two types of containers intended for collecting sorted waste. working with pressed mass, and receiving tanks, which are directly connected to hatches for discharging selected materials. Accordingly, such bunkers also differ in their connections with further technological processes. Thus, the finished bale storage can interact with a production line for recyclable materials, freight transport or a receiver for permanent storage. This combination is determined by the tasks that a specific waste sorting plant and its equipment solve. Some enterprises cooperate with landfills for storage hazardous waste, while others process recyclable materials at their own facilities.

Consumables

At the stage of forming briquettes ready for transportation or storage, special means are used to ensure the compactness and reliability of the blocks. The most complex processes involve the use of liquid compositions that increase adhesion between the compacted waste. Before or during the process of pressure by the pressing platform, plasticizers and viscous substances are added directly to the niche with the material. In addition, the waste sorting complex can be equipped with binding lines on which wrapping is carried out with polyester film or strap tape. This measure is also aimed at preventing delamination and scattering of briquettes with pressed waste.

Modern capabilities of sorting complexes

Technological development of modern solid waste sorting complexes is focused on improving the quality of selection. In particular, the range of materials that are not recycled or sent to landfills, but are used as recyclable materials, is constantly expanding. These include rubber products, some types of artificial fabrics, polymers with unmarked plastics, etc. The technical design of the mini-factories themselves is also being improved. For example, a mobile waste sorting complex allows you to combine the functions of transportation and processing, which makes it faster and cheaper logistics processes. As before, waste recycling organizations Special attention pay attention to environmental issues. Thus, at some complexes it becomes possible to dispose of hazardous waste that cannot be buried even in special landfills.

How much does a waste sorting complex cost?

A high-tech and productive complex can cost about 2-3 million rubles. Integrated mini-factories for small enterprises are estimated at 1.5-2 million. But much depends on the composition of a particular line and additional equipment. For example, one pressing machine can cost 350-400 thousand. However, many enterprises do without it. But in any case, organizing your own complex from individual components will be cheaper. Such waste sorting will be more efficient and productive, but you will have to prepare for additional cost items for designing the line and installation work. Small ready-made complexes are advantageous because they require minimal effort during installation, take up less space and are less demanding to maintain.

How to choose a suitable complex?

First of all, the volume of generated waste that will be supplied to the sorting line is assessed. Depending on this indicator, it is determined throughput equipment. In this case, a reserve of 20% must be left. The number of fractions into which household waste will be sorted on the conveyor is also calculated in advance. The number of hatches and final reception bunkers directly depends on this number - and, again, it would not be a bad idea to provide a few additional sections. The degree of automation of functional processes should also be taken into account. Although most complexes provide for the participation of operators in the work, manufacturers of such equipment are actively implementing automated control systems at certain stages - accordingly, they also increase the cost of mini-factories of this type.

Conclusion

The selection of fractions suitable for further use has become significantly more complicated over time. last years. If previously, sorting tasks were reduced to dividing waste into 2-3 groups, depending on the level of danger or value of materials for subsequent processing, then modern enterprises set the goals of point classification. Suffice it to say that waste sorting on a high-tech line makes it possible to form groups in the areas of further use of secondary raw materials in factories and plants from different fields. Thus, waste paper is sent to furniture production, metal briquettes are supplied to machine tool factories, and polymer waste today they are in demand even in their pure form on construction sites. At the same time, the designs of complexes that directly provide sorting functions at enterprises are also being improved.

T. N. Lipatova

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SORTING CULTURE IN LARGE CITIES

Key words: sorting of solid household waste.

The article analyzes the problem of creating a culture of sorting solid household waste in Russian society. Foreign and domestic experience in programs for the separation of household waste is presented, and the main measures for the formation and improvement of the culture of sorting solid household waste among the Russian population are highlighted.

Keywords: solid domestic waste sorting.

The paper deals with the problem of culture of solid domestic waste sorting in the Russian society. Foreign and domestic programs of domestic waste sorting are represented. The maim activities of cultural formation of solid domestic waste sorting among the Russian population are suggested.

The issue of recycling household waste in Lately occurs in our country more and more often. The problem of complete destruction or partial recycling of household waste is relevant, first of all, from the point of view of negative impact on the environment. For any city or town, the problem of removing or neutralizing solid waste is always primarily an environmental problem.

In solving this problem, comprehensive disposal of household waste occupies an important place. According to conservative estimates, over forty million different tons of household waste are generated in Russia per year. But garbage is a good source of income. Developed countries have long understood this, and more than half of all waste is recycled.

Waste recycling in Russia is just beginning to develop. There are a number of waste incineration plants and several waste recycling plants; the basic conditions for the development of the recycling industry have long been introduced and do not require any excessive efforts. The generally accepted classification of waste that exists today allows us to minimize the costs of its disposal. For example, kitchen waste can serve as feed for livestock, paper waste can be easily dealt with using fire, but construction waste will have to be taken to a special landfill.

The problem of waste disposal exists all over the world. Obviously, the most important and determining stage in the process of recycling household waste is its sorting. The most important - existing plants for waste incineration and recycling, they use only waste sorted by residents, and do not burn or process it en masse.

The path of recycling waste is the most promising and is associated with a high level of consciousness of the entire population. It is precisely where waste is generated - at home, in an institution, in an enterprise - that it is easiest to immediately separate paper from glass, aluminum, plastic and food waste.

Sorting household waste assumes that each resident will need to throw away

glass, paper and plastic into appropriate containers, as has long been done in Europe. Then the recyclables from these containers are also transported by a separate special vehicle to the waste sorting station, and there they are separated by type of secondary resources.

The experience of Israel is indicative and interesting. In September 2012, in the city of Ashdod, under the patronage of the Ministry of Environment, a waste separation program began, in which 31 Israeli cities took part. The goal of the program is the separation of waste and various options for its disposal. Thus, garbage is divided into two streams: the so-called “wet” garbage (organic waste) - leftover food, and “dry” garbage

(inorganic waste) - packaging, bottles, plastic, paper, etc. “Dry” garbage must be thrown into green boxes, “wet” garbage into brown ones. These two tanks will be cleaned in different time, dry garbage will be recycled, wet

On a fertilizer production line or energy production.” With such separate processing, the damage caused by landfills to the environment is reduced and the amount of greenhouse gases is reduced. In addition, the city saves money on maintaining the landfills themselves, which are quite expensive.

The success of this project, as explained by the municipality, depends entirely on the support of the townspeople. In Tel Aviv, this project “failed” precisely because residents simply ignored the requirements of the municipality and continued to dump all household waste in one bin. In this case, the entire project initially does not make any sense: after all, everything begins

technological chain specifically in kitchens. It is obvious that the success of this program depends solely on the participation of each resident. What is being done for this in Israel?

Firstly, an explanatory conversation is held with young people, children in schools, and parents. The main help in promoting waste separation comes from children. Children are well aware of the importance of protecting the environment and separating waste and encourage parents to “separate the trash.”

Secondly, much attention is paid to explanatory conversations with apartment residents who are direct participants in the household waste separation program. Groups of inspectors and volunteers visit apartments and explain to residents the importance of waste separation. Each family is given a special seven-liter brown bin for food waste, which is placed on the countertop.

Recently, programs for sorting household waste have been implemented in large Russian cities.

A three-year program has been developed in Yekaterinburg, according to which city residents will throw garbage into multi-colored containers and sort it: separately food waste and separately non-food waste. True, unlike Europe, where collection is usually carried out in three or even four containers (food waste, glass, plastic and paper), in Yekaterinburg there will be only two containers

Green - for food waste and orange - for paper, plastic, metal.

By the way, 2013 in Russia has been declared the “Year of Environmental Protection”; it is assumed that a separate waste collection system should be introduced in buildings occupied by federal executive authorities.

Will similar projects take root in Russia? Will we be able to develop a high level of solid waste sorting culture in our country? What measures at the state and society level need to be taken to develop a culture of sorting household waste among the population?

The main tool for solving this issue should be the promotion of competent waste sorting by every citizen. Funds needed mass media, V educational institutions encourage residents to make their contribution to environmental protection, to take care of the future of the city, without considering sorting to be a lot of work.

Important is acquired by the implementation of measures to train and educate the population. In Europe, a lot of literature has been published on the topic of waste sorting, there are training courses and online consultations. Eco-friendly lifestyles should be actively promoted in schools. It is known that children are the best channel for influencing more

conservative adults. Here, environmental education of children, and through them, adults, will play a huge role with the help of various forms practical environmental education, and not only by schools, but also by public organizations.

In Russian school programs There is no provision for studying manuals with visual images related to careful treatment of natural resources. In Germany, children’s drawings hang on the wall of a waste incineration plant, which reflect children’s perception of “garbage” problems,” which indicates an attitude towards waste management that has been brought up since childhood.

By explaining environmental issues in the press, on radio, television, and on the Internet, it is necessary to prepare public opinion for the introduction of separate collection of household waste. The easiest way to start organizing separate collection of household waste is from the business and administrative sector of the city, which produces up to 40% of paper, cardboard and plastic waste - from markets, shops, institutions and printing houses.

The state is the main one

participant in the issue of creating a culture of handling household waste. It is significant that 2013 in Russia has been declared the “Year of Environmental Protection” - during 2013, a separate waste collection system must be introduced in buildings occupied by federal executive authorities.

Public policy should be aimed at developing a set of legislative measures, economic support measures, including creating incentives for the population to sort household waste. This policy should be based on principles such as maximum recycling of recycled materials

material resources, minimization

environmental damage and costs, must be consistent, comprehensive and clearly

certain. For example, several years ago, containers for separate waste collection were already installed in one of the large cities of Russia. Residents even began to use them correctly: glass in one compartment, plastic in another, etc., until they saw what happened next with this garbage. A car arrives, takes the bins and safely dumps all this carefully separated garbage into one large spacious body. Such actions completely destroy all the good intentions of the population and discredit not only municipal services, but also the state as a whole.

Regular waste removal is also necessary, primarily from the point of view of the participation of the population, which usually regards its responsibilities for waste separation with no greater degree of responsibility with which city authorities should treat the removal of recyclable materials.

Economically feasible

stimulate the population to introduce selective collection by increasing tariffs for

removal of unsorted waste. For example, in Europe, a resident pays only for unsorted waste, but does not pay for sorted waste. The smaller the container that residents fill, the less they pay for garbage removal.

Thus, the basis of the implementation

concept of integrated management of household waste, the population is given key role. At the present stage of solving the problem of sorting and further processing of household waste, the formation and improvement of a culture of sorting solid household waste is of key importance. This process is based on the creation necessary conditions from the state and society. After all, it is easier to control what ends up in a landfill than waste decomposition products migrating from the landfill into the environment.

Literature

1. Petrov V.G., Chechina A.Kh. Garbage sorting lines: application prospects / V.G. Petrov, A.Kh. Chechina. -Izhevsk, 2005. - 112 p.

2. Survey of Household Solid Waste Generation and Public Awareness on Waste Separation and Compositing Practices in Cebu City // D.G.J.Premakumara. - June 2011. - R.27.

3. Ibrasheva L.R., Idiatullina A.M. Marketing in the field of energy and resource conservation in the context of sociological knowledge // Vestnik Kazansky University of Technology- 2012. - No. 7. - P.234-239.

4. Rogova N.S., Garayeva M.R., Shipina O.T. Cellulose nitrates from industrial and household waste // Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University -2010. - No. 9. - P.131-136.

5. Ashdod: more and more “green” families

[Electronic resource]. - Access mode:

http://ashdod.israelinfo.ru/news/2881, free entry.

© T. N. Lipatova - Ed. Analyst at the Institute of Innovation Management, KNRTU, [email protected].

Almost every Russian leaves behind about 300 kilograms of garbage per year.

More than 50% of all our waste is polyethylene.

Such waste accumulates in landfills and harms the environment.

However, most waste can be recycled, and yesterday's trash can become new products.

That is why recycling is very important for Russia - collecting and sorting useful waste.

The automatic sorting line PYTHON is also convenient in production. It allows you to work both in open waste sites and in closed plants.

The line includes an L-shaped conveyor for receiving waste from the hopper, a 10-station straight conveyor, bins for sorted waste, 10 work stations made of durable steel.

At the request of the customer, it can be equipped with a bunker for bulky waste or infrared heaters for work stations. The price of such a line 2,450,000 rubles.

The conventional manual sorting line also has advantages. For example, it costs much less than an automatic one.

One of the compact and productive products is a waste sorting line LS 500 4-8.

It is sold at a price a little more than 300 thousand rubles with a productivity of 10 tons per hour. You can buy this equipment.

Behind minimum set of equipment with average productivity (sorting line, magnet, press, storage bin for raw materials and crusher), a novice businessman will have to pay approx. 2.5-3.5 million rubles. But in many respects the price of equipment depends on the manufacturer.

On business forums, entrepreneurs are advised to buy products from the Moscow company ECOMASHGROUP, the Chinese company BESTON, the manufacturer VTORTECH and those organizations that give a good guarantee for the product, provide maintenance, and have also been working in this market for a long time.

You will find more information about waste recycling equipment.

Sales rules

There are many companies ready to buy sorted raw materials for processing. In every major city exists 2-3 waste processing enterprises. However, they do not buy everything, but only waste paper, glass, polyethylene, plastic and metal.

Sorted wet organic matter (food waste, stones and soil) can be sent to enterprises that produce soil for vegetable gardens or seedlings. You can find a buyer using recyclable materials exchanges.

For that, to sell profitably sorted waste is needed follow certain rules:

  • constantly monitor prices and compare them in all possible points sales;
  • the raw materials sold must be good quality, they will pay less for unrefined recyclables;
  • prices must be compared taking into account the delivery of waste for recycling and without it;
  • sell in large quantities (usually the garbage is bought back at a higher price);
  • have several purchasing companies;
  • constantly search for new points of sale.

Is it profitable to sort for recycling?

And now the most important thing: let’s calculate how cost-effective it will be to maintain a waste sorting plant.

Based on modern realities, an ordinary small sorting plant can produce in one shift up to 1.5 tons of polymers, 3-5 tons of paper waste and up to 300 kg of plastic containers.

The price per ton of compressed raw materials ranges from 9 to 45 thousand rubles.

Thus, average profit per month enterprises for the sale of secondary raw materials will be from 150 thousand rubles to 3.3 million rubles. It follows from this that the profitability of this project will be 50%, which is a good indicator.

Video on the topic

More details about the operating principles of one of the mobile sorting stations of a domestic manufacturer in the video presented:

conclusions

If we look at it globally, opening a waste sorting plant is an expensive and responsible business, because large financial investments are required at the initial stages. However, such the project will work great in the future.

Every year the number of waste processing plants in need of raw materials increases. New environmental programs are emerging that increase the number of government subsidies in this business segment.

Depleted resources are reduced Natural resources: For example, from which paper products are made. All this will become solid ground for the development of waste sorting production.

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