October 31 - International Black Sea Day

The International Day dedicated to the Black Sea was decided to be held in 1996. And it was a joint verdict of the countries along its coast - Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Ukraine and Russia. The reason was their concern about the state of a unique vast reservoir, which has somewhat changed for the worse over the past three decades - through the fault, by the way, of the human factor that led to water pollution and led to other unpleasant consequences of violation of its ecology and environment.

Scientists of the world are still arguing about the time of the birth of the Black Sea. Someone believes that it appeared six thousand years ago, others add two more to this figure, that is, eight thousand years before today. But at the same time, they agree on the reasons, they say, in the history of the Earth there was glacial period, a thaw came, which overwhelmed the Mediterranean Sea, and, having overflowed the Bosphorus, it formed a new sea - the Black Sea, and at the same time another one, which merged with it in the Tmutarakan region, the Sea of Azov. Be that as it may, the inhabitants of both coasts are very lucky - the zones of the Black and Azov Seas are continuous resorts where citizens of the above-mentioned countries improve their health. Those who suffer from getting stronger physically and mentally come here from different parts of the world. Still - for a liter of water, say, in the Black Sea there are seventeen grams of different useful salts, like bromine, iodine, calcium and others, and in its composition, its water is akin to human blood, and during the Second World War, saving the wounded, it was used as a substitute and, by the way, was used with a favorable outcome.
The length of the Black Sea coastline exceeds 3400 kilometers. Russia accounts for 1.2 thousand (including Crimea), that is, almost one fourth. total area wonderful reservoir 422000 square kilometers, although some adhere to other estimates - 436,400 square kilometers. Width - 580 kilometers. Has the shape of an oval. From two opposite points its distance is 1150 kilometers. The depth ranges from 1240 to 2210 meters. But after 150 or 200 meters from the surface - a dead zone saturated with hydrogen sulfide, in which living organisms simply cannot exist.
An amazing thing is that many seas and oceans have not changed their names from ancient times to our times. But there are several of them near the Black Sea - Black Sea, Schwarmeer, Mavri Thalassa, Kara-Deniz, Pontos Melas. They sound differently, but they are translated into Russian in the same way - the Black Sea.
Why Black, and, let's not say, blue, blue, blue-green?! For the simple reason that it often has such a color. Especially during the period of violent storms, which are most often observed here in the off-season (with late autumn until early spring). And there is a legend that it also bore the name Karadengiz - not hospitable. And they called him de Turks. They really wanted to snatch more of the fertile coastline. But their greed was fiercely resisted by the Circassians, Abkhazians and other local peoples. There is also a rumor that the heroic sword of the magician Ali rests at the bottom of the sea. In its furious efforts to throw it on the shore, the sea turns black. Legends are legends, but in holiday season, including "velvet", the sea is more calm blue-blue, sometimes with a greenish tint, with white lambs on lazy waves rolling ashore.
By the way, more about the legends. One of them says that the Argonauts, in search of the Golden Fleece, swam like races off the coast of the Black Sea. Somewhere in the area from Sochi to Anapa. And in the Bolshoy Utrish area, not far from the resort village of Sukko, to this day there is a rock, to which in the old old times The Thunderer Zeus ordered to chain the hero Prometheus, who gave fire to the human race, with strong chains. And today there are many hunters to find in the Crimea the treasures of the famous king of Pontus Mithridates VI, who subjugated ancient Colchis, Lesser Armenia, Chersonese and other Black Sea territories in ancient times.
The life of our famous compatriots - Pushkin, Lermontov, Aivazovsky and others was closely connected with the Black Sea, especially with its Russian part. Marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky painted over two thousand paintings here. Many of them are exhibited in the gallery named after him in Feodosia.
Russia since Black Sea coast very lucky. Most of it is subtropical. Average annual temperature plus 12-14 degrees. Rich vegetation. Majestic Caucasian and Crimean mountains. Solid balneological resort. Yes, in addition, with therapeutic mud volcanoes on Taman, healing mineral springs. In Anapa alone, there are more than two hundred sanatoriums, boarding houses, children's health camps, seventy kilometers of well-maintained, no worse than European beaches, forty of which are sandy with dunes high as in the desert. Every year a resort for families and children's recreation hosts four or more million tourists, which is more than there are Russians in the same Turkey or Cuba in the same period. In general, the Russian Black Sea resort area, including Sochi, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Anapa and our other coastal cities and towns, and now the Crimea, heals more than fifteen million compatriots and guests from near and far abroad.
By establishing the International Black Sea Day, the initiating countries outlined a strategic plan to protect this unique water basin, its further development as one of the most effective resort areas. Of course, on October 31 in Bulgaria, and in Russia, and in Turkey, and in Romania, and in Georgia, and in Ukraine, real holidays are held in honor of this significant date - concerts, festivals, carnivals, exhibitions and sales of seafood and so on. . At the same time, at symposiums, seminars, scientific and practical conferences the fulfillment of the tasks outlined earlier for the protection of the sea and its environment is analyzed, new plans are outlined in this direction, the delegations of the countries exchange experiences on them. "The Black Sea will live!" - this is the motto of all these events.

See many more interesting things about the Black Sea.

The Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee on the International Black Sea Day, which is celebrated on Friday, will take part in an action to clean the beaches of Sochi.

International Black Sea Day is celebrated on October 31st. On this day in 1996 in Istanbul (Turkey), representatives of the governments of Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Georgia signed a strategic action plan to save the Black Sea. The need for such a document arose in connection with the danger of destruction of unique natural complexes water area. At the same time, it was decided to make October 31 the International Day of the Black Sea.

Black Sea - inland sea basin Atlantic Ocean. The Bosphorus connects with the Sea of Marmara, then, through the Dardanelles, with the Aegean and mediterranean seas. The Kerch Strait connects with Sea of Azov. From the north it cuts deep into the sea Crimean peninsula. The water boundary between Europe and Asia Minor runs along the surface of the Black Sea.

The sea washes the shores of Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia. On northeast coast The state of Abkhazia, which is not recognized by most of the UN member countries, is located on the Black Sea.

The Black Sea is an important area transportation, as well as one of the largest resort regions in Eurasia. In addition, the sea retains strategic importance. The main military bases of the Russian Black Sea Fleet are located in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk.

The area of the sea is approximately 422,000 square km. The outlines of the Black Sea resemble an oval with the largest axis about 1150 km. Greatest length sea from north to south - 580 km. The greatest depth is 2210 m, the average is 1240 m.

A characteristic feature of the Black Sea is the complete (except for a number of anaerobic bacteria) absence of life at depths above 150–200 m due to the saturation of deep water layers with hydrogen sulfide.

The coast of the Black Sea and the basin of rivers flowing into it are areas with high anthropogenic impact densely populated by humans since ancient times. Ecological state The Black Sea is generally unfavorable.

Among the main factors disturbing the balance in ecological system seas can be distinguished:

Severe pollution of rivers flowing into the sea, especially with runoff from fields containing mineral fertilizers especially nitrates and phosphates. This entails the rapid growth of phytoplankton ("bloom" of the sea - the intensive development of blue-green algae), a decrease in water transparency and the death of multicellular algae.

Pollution of waters with oil and oil products (the most polluted areas are the western part of the sea, which accounts for the largest volume of tanker traffic, as well as port waters). This leads to the death of marine animals and air pollution due to the evaporation of oil and oil products from the surface of the water.

Pollution of sea waters with human waste - discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage, etc.

Mass fishing and prohibited, but used, bottom trawling, which destroys bottom biocenoses.

Changes in the composition of flora and fauna water world under the influence of anthropogenic factors (including the displacement of indigenous species by exotic ones that appear as a result of human impact). So, for example, according to experts from the Odessa branch of YugNIRO, in just one decade (from 1976 to 1987), the population of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin decreased from 56 thousand to seven thousand individuals.

In order to protect the environment in the Black Sea area in 1998, the ACCOBAMS agreement (“Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantik Area”) was adopted, where one of the main issues is the protection of dolphins and whales.

Main international instrument regulating the protection of the Black Sea is the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution, signed by six Black Sea countries - Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine in 1992 in Bucharest (Bucharest Convention). Also in June 1994, representatives of Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine and the European Union, the Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Danube River was signed in Sofia. As a result, the Black Sea Commission (Istanbul) was created, and International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (Vienna). These bodies perform the function of coordinating environmental programs implemented under the conventions.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

International Black Sea Day is celebrated on October 31st. On this day in 1996 in Istanbul (Turkey), representatives of the governments of Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Georgia signed a strategic action plan to save the Black Sea. The need for such a document arose due to the danger of destruction of the unique natural complexes of the water area. At the same time, it was decided to make October 31 the International Day of the Black Sea.

The countries participating in the Strategic Plan decided every year on the Black Sea Day - October 31, to hold events dedicated to the problems of the Black Sea and the preservation of its ecosystem.

The Black Sea is an inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Bosphorus connects with the Sea of Marmara, then, through the Dardanelles, with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. The Kerch Strait connects with the Sea of Azov. From the north, the Crimean peninsula cuts deep into the sea. The water boundary between Europe and Asia Minor runs along the surface of the Black Sea.

The sea washes the shores of Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia. Abkhazia is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea.

The Black Sea is an important transportation area, as well as one of the largest resort regions in Eurasia. In addition, the sea retains strategic importance. The main military bases of the Russian Black Sea Fleet are located in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk.

The area of the sea is approximately 422,000 square km. The outlines of the Black Sea resemble an oval with the largest axis about 1150 km. The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 km. The greatest depth is 2210 m, the average is 1240 m.

The coast of the Black Sea and the basin of the rivers flowing into it are areas with a high anthropogenic impact, densely populated by humans since ancient times. The ecological state of the Black Sea is generally unfavorable.

Among the main factors that disturb the balance in the ecological system of the sea, we can distinguish:

Heavy pollution of rivers flowing into the sea, especially runoff from fields containing mineral fertilizers, especially nitrates and phosphates. This entails the rapid growth of phytoplankton ("bloom" of the sea - the intensive development of blue-green algae), a decrease in water transparency and the death of multicellular algae;

Pollution of sea waters with human waste - discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage, etc.;

Mass fishing and prohibited, but used bottom trawling, destroying bottom biocenoses;

Changes in the composition of the flora and fauna of the aquatic world under the influence of anthropogenic factors (including the displacement of native species by exotic ones that appear as a result of human impact). So, for example, according to experts from the Odessa branch of YugNIRO, in just one decade (from 1976 to 1987), the population of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin decreased from 56 thousand to seven thousand individuals.

The main international document regulating the protection of the Black Sea is the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution, signed by six Black Sea countries - Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine in 1992 in Bucharest (Bucharest Convention). Also in June 1994, the representatives of Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine and the European Union signed the Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Danube River in Sofia. As a result, the Black Sea Commission (Istanbul) and the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (Vienna) were established.

These bodies perform the function of coordinating environmental programs implemented under the conventions.

Interesting Facts:

At a depth of more than 150 meters in the Black Sea, there is no life, apart from anaerobic bacteria. This is related to the content in the water. a large number hydrogen sulfide.

The average depth of the Black Sea is 1240 meters, and the deepest mark is 2210 meters.

In the Black Sea, there are 270 species of multicellular algae, about 600 species of algae in the plankton that carry out photosynthesis, and more than 2500 species of animals.

14 rivers flow into the Black Sea.

The area of the Black Sea is constantly increasing. Once every 100 years, it comes about 25 centimeters on the coast.

On this day in 1996 in Istanbul (Turkey), representatives of the governments of Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Georgia signed a strategic action plan to save the Black Sea.

The need for such a document arose due to the danger of destruction of the unique natural complexes of the water area. At the same time, it was decided to make October 31 the International Day of the Black Sea.

The area is 422 thousand square kilometers (according to other sources - 436.4 thousand square kilometers). The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 kilometers. The greatest depth is 2210 meters, the average is 1240 meters.

A characteristic feature of the Black Sea is the complete (except for a number of anaerobic bacteria) absence of life at depths over 150-200 meters due to the saturation of deep water layers with hydrogen sulfide.

The Black Sea is an important transportation area, as well as one of the largest resort regions in Eurasia.

In addition, the Black Sea retains an important strategic and military value. The main military bases of the Russian Black Sea Fleet are located in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk.

- severe pollution of rivers flowing into the sea, especially runoff from fields containing mineral fertilizers, especially nitrates and phosphates. This entails the rapid growth of phytoplankton ("bloom" of the sea - the intensive development of blue-green algae), a decrease in water transparency and the death of multicellular algae;

— water pollution by oil and oil products (the most polluted area is the western part of the sea, which accounts for the largest volume of tanker traffic, as well as port waters). This leads to the death of marine animals and air pollution due to the evaporation of oil and oil products from the surface of the water;

— pollution of sea waters by human waste: discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage, etc.;

- mass fishing and prohibited, but used bottom trawling, which destroys bottom biocenoses;

- changes in the composition of the flora and fauna of the aquatic world under the influence of anthropogenic factors (including the displacement of native species by exotic ones that appear as a result of human impact).

In order to protect the environment in the Black Sea area in 1998, the ACCOBAMS agreement (Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantik Area) was adopted, where one of the main issues is the conservation of Black Sea cetaceans.

The main international document regulating the protection of the Black Sea is the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution, signed by six Black Sea countries - Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine in 1992 in Bucharest (Bucharest Convention). In June 1994, representatives of Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine and the European Union in Sofia (Bulgaria) signed the Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Danube River. As a result, the Black Sea Commission (Istanbul) and the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (Vienna) were established. These bodies perform the function of coordinating environmental programs implemented under the conventions.

Every year in celebration international day Black Sea activities are carried out aimed at preserving the unique ecosystem of the Black Sea, drawing attention to the problems and finding ways to solve the most acute of them.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

The one who was born by the sea
He loved forever
White masts in the roadstead,
In the haze of the sea city,
Beacon light over the wave
Southern nights oblivion
The bluest in the world
The Black Sea is mine, The Black Sea is mine!
Words by M. Matusovsky, music by O. Feltsman

Many of us have swum in the Black Sea at least once in our lives. And today is just the day when you can slowly remember the warm waves of the Black Sea, singing a tune familiar from childhood. International Black Sea Day is celebrated annually on October 31 to commemorate the day in 1996, when the six Black Sea countries - Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine - signed the Strategic Action Plan for the rehabilitation and protection of the Black Sea. Then it was decided to establish today's ecological holiday.

The plan was developed after extensive research marine environment, which showed that its viability has deteriorated significantly compared to the previous three decades, and there is a danger of destruction of the unique natural complexes of the water area. His main goal was to attract attention international community to the irreparable damage to the sea caused by overfishing, water pollution and global warming.
The Black Sea is an inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean basin. This is an important transportation area and one of the largest resort regions in Eurasia. This region has been densely populated by humans since ancient times, so the Black Sea coast and the basin of rivers flowing into it are areas with high anthropogenic impact. All this disturbs the balance in the ecological system of the sea.
On the International Day of the Black Sea in the countries participating in this document are various events dedicated to the problems of the Black Sea and the preservation of its unique ecosystem - these are conferences, and round tables, and exhibitions, and various video screenings, and competitions, and quizzes, etc.
Their organizers and participants are leading scientists, specialists of higher educational institutions, research institutes, reserves of the Crimean region, students and everyone. And their main goal is to form public opinion in defense of the sea and to promote the education of the ecological culture of the population.
Some facts about the Black Sea:
- The greatest depth of the sea is 2210 meters, and the average is about 1240 meters.
- The shape of the Black Sea can be compared to an oval, stretched from west to east, about 1150 kilometers long. From north to south, the sea stretches for 580 kilometers.
- The Black Sea washes the shores of Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia.
- They flow into the Black Sea major rivers: Danube, Dnieper, Dniester.
- Vegetable world The sea includes 270 species of multicellular green, brown, red bottom algae. Phytoplankton includes at least 600 species. More than 2500 species of animals live in the Black Sea.