Earthquake tracking. Earth - chronicles of life

An earthquake is a violent shaking of the earth's surface, resulting from a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust, which creates seismic waves. It is one of the most deadly natural Disasters and often leads to fractures the earth's surface earth tremors and liquefaction, landslides, tremors or tsunamis.

If we look at the structure of earthquakes occurring in the world, it becomes clear that most of the seismic activity is concentrated in a number of different earthquake belts. Earthquakes are unpredictable in terms of when they strike, but some areas are the most likely to be hit.

The world map of earthquakes shows that most of them lie in precise zones, often along the edges of continents or in the middle of the ocean. The world is divided into seismic zones based on tectonic plates and earthquake magnitudes. Here list of the most vulnerable to earthquakes in the world:

Several cities are also vulnerable to earthquake damage in Indonesia. The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, is in a difficult position. Not only is it located at the top of the Pacific Ring of Fire, but slightly less than half the city is below sea level, sits on soft ground that has the potential to liquefy if struck by an earthquake of sufficient magnitude.

But the complications don't end there. Jakarta's height also puts the city at risk of flooding. On December 26, 2004, an earthquake struck the Indian Ocean with an epicenter at west coast Sumatra Islands, Indonesia.

A mega-strength submarine earthquake occurred when the Indian Plate subducted beneath the Burma Plate and caused a series of devastating tsunamis along much of the Indian Ocean coastline, killing 230,000 people in 14 countries and flooding coastal areas in waves up to 30 meters high.

Indonesia proved to be the most affected area, with the majority of deaths at an estimated 170,000. This is the third largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph.

Turkey is located in the seismic zone between the Arabian, Eurasian and African plates. This geographic location suggests that an earthquake could strike the country at any given time. Turkey has a long history of large earthquakes, which are often found in progressive adjacent earthquakes.

The 7.6 magnitude earthquake that struck western Turkey on August 17, 1999 is one of the world's longest and most well-studied strike-slip (horizontal) faults: the East-West strike of the North Anatolian Fault.

The incident lasted only 37 seconds and killed about 17,000 people. More than 50,000 people were injured and more than 5,000,000 people were left homeless, making it one of the most destructive earthquakes of the 20th century.

Mexico is another earthquake prone country and has experienced several high magnitude earthquakes in the past. Located on three large tectonic plates, namely the Coconut Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the North American Plate, which make up the earth's surface, Mexico is one of the most seismically active regions on earth.

The movement of these plates causes earthquakes and volcanic activity. Mexico has a long history of devastating earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In September 1985, an earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Richter scale was concentrated in a subduction zone at some distance from Acapulco, 300 kilometers long, in the city of Mexico City, 4,000 people died.

One of the most recent earthquakes hit the state of Guerrero with a magnitude of 7.2 in 2014, causing numerous casualties in the region.

El Salvador is another dangerous seismically active country where huge damage due to the earthquake. The small Central American Republic of El Salvador has experienced, on average, one devastating earthquake per decade over the past hundred years. There were two major earthquakes on January 13 and February 13, 2001, with magnitudes 7.7 and 6.6, respectively.

These two events, which have different tectonic origins, follow the patterns of seismicity in the region, although neither of these events had known precedents in the earthquake catalog in terms of size and location. The earthquakes have damaged thousands of traditionally built homes and caused hundreds of landslides, the leading causes of death.

The earthquakes have clearly demonstrated the increasing trend in seismic risk in El Salvador due to the rapid population growth in areas of high probability of tremors and landslide danger, the situation is exacerbated by deforestation and uncontrolled urbanization. The institutional arrangements needed to control land use and building practices are very weak and represent a major obstacle to risk reduction.

Another country prone to earthquakes is Pakistan, which is geologically-chemically located in the Indus-Tsangpo seam zone, which is located about 200 km north of the front Himalayas and is defined by an ophiolite chain along the southern margin. This region has the highest seismic activity and the largest earthquakes in the Himalayan region, mainly caused by the movement of faults.

A magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck Pakistan's Kashmir in October 2005, killing more than 73,000 people, many in remote parts of the country, in sparsely populated urban centers such as Islamabad. Most recently, in September 2013, there was a powerful earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale, causing tremendous damage to life and property, killing at least 825 people and injuring hundreds.

The Philippines lies on the edge of the Pacific Plate, which has traditionally been considered the seismically hot zone that surrounds the state. The danger of earthquakes in Manila is three times more likely. The city is comfortably adjacent to the Pacific Ring of Fire, which, of course, makes it especially sensitive not only to earthquakes, but also to volcanic eruptions.

The threat to Manila is worsened by soft soil, which poses a risk of soil liquefaction. On October 15, 2013, an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter scale struck the central Philippines. According to official statistics The National Disaster Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) killed 222 people, 8 went missing, and 976 were injured.

In total, more than 73,000 buildings and structures were damaged, of which more than 14,500 were completely destroyed. It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years. The power released by the earthquake was equivalent to 32 Hiroshima bombs.

Ecuador has several active volcanoes, making the country extremely dangerous for earthquakes with powerful magnitude and tremors. The country is located in the seismic zone between the South American Plate and the Nazca Plate. Earthquakes that affect Ecuador can be divided into those that result from subduction junction movement along the plate boundary, those that result from deformation within the South American and Nazca plates, and those associated with active volcanoes.

On August 12, 2014, an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 on the Richter scale struck Quito, followed by a 4.3 magnitude aftershock. 2 people were killed and 8 were injured.

India has also experienced a number of several deadly earthquakes due to the 47mm movement of the Indian tectonic plate every year. Due to the movement of tectonic plates, India is prone to earthquakes. India has been divided into five zones based on peak ground acceleration.

On December 26, 2004, an earthquake formed the third deadliest in the history of the world, a tsunami that killed 15,000 people in India. An earthquake in Gujarat occurred on January 26, 2001, to celebrate the 52nd Day of the Republic of India.

It lasted more than 2 minutes and was 7.7 points on the kanamori scale, according to statistics, from 13,805 to 20,023 people died, another 167,000 people were injured and about 400,000 houses were destroyed.

If the calculations are correct, the likelihood of a citizen dying in an earthquake in Nepal is more likely than any citizen in the world. Nepal is a disaster prone country. Floods, landslides, epidemics and fires cause significant material damage in Nepal every year. It is one of the most seismically active regions in the world.

Mountains are built as a result of the movement of Indian tectonic plates beneath Central Asia. These two large slabs crust converge at a relative speed of 4-5 cm per year. The peaks on Everest and its sister mountains are subject to numerous tremors. In addition, the remains of a prehistoric lake, in a 300-meter deep layer of black clay, lie in the lowlands of the Kathmandu valley. This increases the damage from strong earthquakes.

Thus, the region becomes susceptible to soil liquefaction. During strong earthquakes, solid soil turns into something like quicksand, swallowing everything above the ground. In April 2015, an earthquake in Nepal killed more than 8,000 people and affected more than 21,000. The earthquake caused an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing 21 people, making April 25, 2015, the deadliest day on the mountain in history.

Japan tops the list of earthquake prone areas. The physical and geographical location of Japan along the Pacific Ring of Fire makes the country very sensitive to earthquakes and tsunamis. Ring of Fire - Tectonic plates in the Pacific Basin that are responsible for 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's strongest earthquakes.

At the pinnacle of its prolific tectonic activity, Japan is also home to 452 volcanoes, making it the most destructive geographic location in terms of natural disasters. The most powerful earthquake that occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011 caused swipe and became one of the five largest earthquakes in the world since the beginning of seismological surveys.

It was followed by a tsunami with waves up to 10 m high. The disaster killed thousands of people and caused extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure, leading to significant accidents at four large nuclear power plants.

You will see the consequences of the most powerful earthquakes in the world and understand why this phenomenon is considered so dangerous.

The destructive force of an earthquake depends on its magnitude (in the hypocenter, i.e. in the focus), the depth of the earthquake source and the distance from the epicenter (the point of projection of the earthquake to the earth's surface).

Examples of media reports and explanations of terms:
"According to ***, there was an earthquake there, at such and such Moscow time. magnitude in the source M = 4.3 points on the nine-point Richter scale, at a depth of 15 km from sea level.
The epicenter of the earthquake was located 100 kilometers south-east of the city ***. In the village *** tremors were felt by force up to four points, and in the city *** - three points (on a 12-point scale). According to the latest data, there are no casualties or serious destruction. During the week, 4 earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.3 to 4.3 on the Richter scale were recorded in the indicated area, which were also felt in neighboring regions. According to statistics provided by seismologists, the average interval between series of earthquakes of magnitude up to four points in this area is approximately *** years. "

Or
"An earthquake with a magnitude of 4.3 occurred there. Its epicenter was one hundred kilometers southeast of the city ***. The depth of the focus is 15 km" from sea level.

Or
The four-point earth happened there today.

Magnitude earthquake (not to be confused with "force", and leave the points alone) - quantitatively characterizes its energy, in the focus, according to the nine-point Richter scale (0-9). It is calculated from the results of measurements by instruments (seismographs) at the seismic stations closest to the epicenter different countries... An earthquake with a magnitude of 6 points and above, with a nearby epicenter and a shallow focus, is considered strong and can cause significant destruction and lead to casualties among the population, especially if buildings and residential buildings are not designed for proper seismic resistance or are built by low-skilled guest workers, with rough violations of building codes and regulations.

Force earthquake shocks (intensity) - a qualitative (felt, visible) characteristic of the degree of destruction and other manifestations on the earth's surface, at a specific point on the earth's surface. For this, a twelve-point scale (1-12) or a modified Mercalli scale is used. They differ little. The real danger is represented by shocks with a force of four points or more.

Forecast... Before a strong earthquake, in a few minutes or even hours - pets and birds start screaming and rushing about, trying to escape from the house to the street, to hide. Dogs try to take their owners, children, to a safe place. The cats carry away the kittens. Aquarium fish- worried, trying to jump out of the aquarium water. From the basements of houses, rats and mice are running outside. Wild animals leave the dangerous area in flocks several hours or days before the earthquake. Snakes and lizards crawl out of their holes (even in winter, and at night and in bad weather), Birds constantly scream, fly in circles for a long time and randomly. Animals and birds lose their appetite, their behavior changes greatly - they, without attacking each other, together escape from danger.

The best sensitivity is possessed by those who were born, raised and lived (in natural conditions) in earthquake-prone areas. The skill lasts for a long time. Their reaction is more often selective, only to close ones (local earthquakes) and dangerous in strength (more than two or four points).

Seismologists and volcanologists use scientific, instrumental forecasting methods and early warning methods: continuous monitoring of seismic activity by a network of sensitive sensors, regular measurements and detection of increases in helium and radon concentrations in the surface air and at depth, etc.

Dependence of the intensity of earthquakes. from distance to epicenter... From closely located epicenters of earthquakes of great strength (if the "seven" of magnitudes or higher strikes), there are very sharp shocks and shocks, intense shaking, glowing, sparks are visible, an underground rumble, crackling and rumble of crumbling buildings and falling, broken trees is heard, a sharp increased wind. At distances of hundreds of kilometers, from the epicenter, the echoes of the earthquake reach - low-frequency, relatively slow oscillations, undulating rocking of the daytime surface of the earth. The further, the smaller their vertical amplitude and longer period(up to a minute or more, with a distance of several thousand kilometers to the epicenter), with the exception of abnormally intense and resonant manifestations at certain distances from the epicenter and along large, deep tectonic faults.

Influence of tidal (gravitational) effects... Seismicity increases - at the new moon and, especially, at the full moon, as well as - when the moon is at perigee (closer to the Earth). There is also a seasonal dependence: in autumn and, especially, in winter, it shakes more and more often than in spring and summer.

Geological factor... The greatest damage from an earthquake is at rocky outcrops. rocks and if they are covered with loose deposits of small thickness, which are thrown up on their base. Safer soil conditions are areas with thick layers of loose forges. rocks in which the seismic wave weakens, is extinguished until it reaches the earth's surface.

Tsunami arise if the epicenter of the earth is near the sea coast. The water, at the first impact, first leaves the coast, and then, accelerating, in the form big wave falls on the coast. The brightness of the glow of marine organisms - sharply increases and two to three minutes before the tsunami.

The seismic activity map is updated every 20 minutes.

To take a closer look at the area and scores, click the cursor on the earthquake source, you will be taken to the enlarged area of the map

Automatic GEOFON Global Seismic Moniton Card

red - last 24 hours
orange - last 1-4 days
yellow - last 4-14 days

Earthquakes in the last 30 days with a magnitude of 4 points

EMSC + Google Map

Earthquakes in the World

red - last 24 hours
orange - from 24 to 48 hours
yellow - for the last 3-17 days
purple- from 2 weeks to 5 years

Seismic of the Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean. Far East. Kuril Islands. Pacific Ridge Fault Lines

Russia and Central Asia

Europe

Indonesian region

EMSC

Tabular data for the selected period:
http://www.emsc-csem.org/index.php?page=current&sub=list

Live earthquake mashup

Excellent map, direct analogue of Google planet with screwed KML files
http://www.oe-files.de/gmaps/eqmashup.html

Earthquakes canada

Seismic activity map of Canada. All earthquakes in the last 30 days.

To view the area and scores, click the cursor on the source of the earthquake, you will be taken to the information of the map area

The updated list of earthquakes is online.

Geophysical Service RAS

Shows the last 15 earthquakes

Map of tectonic plates of the world

Scientists have mapped the largest tectonic plates:

Australian;
The Arabian subcontinent;
Antarctic;
African;
Hindustan;
Eurasian;
Nazca plate;
Coconut plate;
Pacific;
North and South American platforms;
Scotia plate;
Filipino plate.

From the theory, we know that the solid shell of the earth (lithosphere) consists not only of plates that form the relief of the planet's surface, but also of the deepest part - the mantle. Continental platforms are 35 km thick (in flat areas) to 70 km (in mountainous areas). Scientists have proven that the slab is the thickest in the Himalayan zone. Here the thickness of the platform reaches 90 km. The thinnest lithosphere is in the oceans. Its thickness does not exceed 10 km, and in some areas this figure is 5 km. Based on the information about the depth at which the epicenter of the earthquake is and what is the speed of propagation of seismic waves, calculations of the thickness of the sections of the earth's crust are made.

Fault and seismic hazard map

The map shows the locations of seismically hazardous zones. The zones are highlighted in color - from green to red. The closer the color is to red, the higher the likelihood of strong and destructive earthquakes. The map is based on data from earthquakes that have occurred since 1973.
Nuclear power plants are marked on the map. Finding nuclear power plant in seismically danger zone increases the danger to the population.

Hazard gradation. Turn on, turn off

Seismic activity scale. Richter scale. Earthquake by type of activity.

Mercalli scale	Richter scale	Visible action
1	0 -4.3	Vibration from an earthquake is recorded only by instruments
2		Earthquake vibrations are felt when standing on stairs
3		The earthquake shocks are felt in closed spaces, slight vibrations of objects
4	4.3-4.8	The clinking of dishes, swaying trees, earthquake shocks are felt in parked cars
5	4.3-4.8	The creak of doors, the awakening of the sleeping, the transfusion of fluid from the vessels
6	4.8-6.2	In an earthquake, unstable walking of people, damage to windows, falling paintings from the walls
7	4.8-6.2	Difficult to stand, tiles on houses are crumbling, large bells are ringing from the earthquake
8	6.2-7.3	Damage to chimneys, damage to sewer networks in such an earthquake
9		General panic from an earthquake, damage to foundations
10		Most structures are damaged *, large landslides, rivers overflow their banks
11	7.3-8.9	Bending of railways, damage to roads, large cracks in the ground, falling stones
12	7.3-8.9	Complete destruction, waves on the surface of the earth, changes in the flow of rivers, poor visibility
* Specially designed buildings with earthquake protection can withstand shocks up to 8.5 on the Richter scale

The amount of energy released by an earthquake

The strength of the earthquake on the Richter scale	The amount of energy in an earthquake (trinitrotoluene equivalent), t
4	6
5	199
6	6270
7	199’000
8	6’270’000
9	99’000’000

Earthquake map in Europe for the last 24 hours

Seismic activity on the planet for the last 24 hours

Seismic activity on the planet over the past week

Earthquake map according to Google service

Online seismic activity map, updated every 20 minutes. In addition, you can always find out whether there was an earthquake today or not. This allows you to more visually evaluate the information provided.

Seismic activity map of EMSC service and Google Map

The map of seismic activity of the world allows you to select a section of the earth's surface by clicking the mouse button. In this case, the window will separately display the selected area, on which the epicenters of earthquakes are indicated in detail. An online seismic monitor allows you to obtain comprehensive data when choosing any of the foci. The table shows the coordinates of the epicenters and the strength of the tremors, ranging from 24 hours to 30 days. Seismic recording stations located in the selected area are also displayed on the map of the region.

Earthquake map from quakes.globalincidentmap.com

Earthquake map from emsc-csem.org

Behavior before, during and after an earthquake

The overwhelming majority of earthquakes have a duration of about one, rarely more than one minute. However, the intensity of fluctuations during this time is not the same. As a rule, an earthquake begins with relatively weak oscillations (sometimes imperceptible), which last 10-20 seconds, then the main phase of the earthquake begins, in which the oscillations reach the highest intensity, then a gradual decline follows.

High-quality erected and well-maintained buildings that do not have special anti-seismic measures are able to withstand earthquakes of up to 6 points without any special damage. Structures that are in poor technical condition and dilapidated are doubly dangerous under the threat of strong earthquakes.

Before the earthquake

Inside your home, firmly attach cabinets, shelves, and furniture to the walls and floor. Furniture, standing and hanging objects in living quarters are placed so that if they fall, the sleeping people will not suffer and passages and exits from the apartment remain free. All heavy objects should be moved to the lower shelves and places. Shelves with crockery must be closed. Fix chandeliers and overhead lights securely, do not use glass lampshades.

Do not clutter the passageways and exits from rooms and apartments with things. Flammable, corrosive, poisonous liquids and powders must be securely sealed and closed in sturdy, secured containers and boxes.

All family members should know the best without dangerous places living quarters: in the openings of the internal capital walls near these walls, at the supporting columns and under the frame beams, in the corners of the internal capital walls and under solid furniture (tables, beds). And dangerous places too: at large glazed openings and partitions, corner rooms of buildings, especially the top floors.

During the earthquake

Don't panic! Quickly focus on completing previously thought-out actions, but be prepared to do so as appropriate.

In the house / apartment:

If you are in a low building, up to 2-3 floors, then it is better to leave it quickly. Moreover, this should be done if the building is not earthquake resistant. Run quickly, but carefully, avoiding falling objects, broken wires, or other hazards, and immediately move away from the building and into an open area.

Being on upper floors multi-storey building, do not rush to stairs and elevators. Most likely, they will be overcrowded with people and the elevators are disabled. Therefore, it is better to stay in the building and, having previously opened front door, which in the future may be jammed from distortions, quickly take the safest place in the room: under strong furniture, at the wall of the support column closest to the center of the building, in doorway main walls, in the corner of the room. And always away from windows, heavy objects and equipment that could tip over. Help the disabled and the elderly.

Do not enter or run around buildings. Once next to a tall building, stand in the doorway, this will protect you from falling pieces of glass, balconies, cornices and parapets. It is best to be in an open area, away from buildings and power lines.

In transport

Any transport must be stopped calmly and quickly, as far as possible from tall buildings, overpasses, bridges, power lines or anything that can collapse from strong shocks. Bus and tram drivers, having stopped transport, must open all doors.

After the earthquake

While in the building, stay calm and assess the situation. Examine yourself and the people around you, if necessary, provide medical assistance needy. Wear sturdy shoes to avoid injuring your feet from shrapnel and debris. Going down the stairs, check the reliability of its structures.

Check for a fire hazard. The resulting flame must be extinguished immediately. If you notice damage to the electrical wiring, turn off the electricity if it has not already been done.

Based on materials from the State Committee of the Republic of Buryatia
for civil defense and emergency situations

Earthquakes are terrible a natural phenomenon which can bring numerous troubles. They are associated not only with destruction, because of which there can be human casualties. The catastrophic tsunami waves caused by them can lead to even more disastrous consequences.

For which parts of the world do earthquakes pose the greatest danger? To answer this question, you need to look at where the active seismic regions are. These are zones of the earth's crust, which are more mobile than the regions surrounding them. They are on the borders lithospheric plates where the collision or separation of large blocks occurs It is the movements of thick layers of rocks that cause earthquakes.

Dangerous Areas of the World

Several belts are distinguished on the globe, which are characterized by a high frequency of underground impacts. These are seismically hazardous areas.

The first of them is usually called the Pacific Rim, since it occupies almost the entire coast of the ocean. Here, not only earthquakes, but also volcanic eruptions are frequent, therefore the name "volcanic" or "fiery" ring is often used. The activity of the earth's crust here is determined by modern mountain-building processes.

The second major seismic belt stretches along the tall young ones from the Alps and other mountains Southern Europe and to the Sunda Islands through Asia Minor, the Caucasus, the mountains of Central and Central Asia and the Himalayas. Here, the collision of lithospheric plates also occurs, which causes frequent earthquakes.

The third belt stretches across the entire Atlantic Ocean... This is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is the result of the expansion of the earth's crust. Iceland, known primarily for its volcanoes, belongs to this belt. But earthquakes here are by no means a rare phenomenon.

Seismically active regions of Russia

Earthquakes also occur on the territory of our country. Seismically active regions of Russia are the Caucasus, Altai, the mountains of Eastern Siberia and the Far East, the Commander and Kuril Islands, about. Sakhalin. Tremors of great strength can occur here.

You can remember the Sakhalin earthquake of 1995, when two-thirds of the population of the village of Neftegorsk died under the rubble of destroyed buildings. After the rescue work, it was decided not to restore the village, but to relocate the residents to other settlements.

In 2012-2014, there were several earthquakes in the North Caucasus. Fortunately, their hearths were at great depths. There were no casualties and no serious damage.

Seismic map of Russia

The map shows that the most seismically dangerous areas lie in the south and east of the country. At the same time, the eastern parts are relatively poorly populated. But in the south, earthquakes pose a much greater danger to people, since the population density is higher here.

Irkutsk, Khabarovsk and some others big cities find themselves in the danger zone. These are active seismic regions.

Anthropogenic earthquakes

Seismically active occupy about 20% of the country's territory. But this does not mean that the rest is completely immune to earthquakes. Tremors with a force of 3-4 points are noted even far from the boundaries of the lithospheric plates, in the center of the platform areas.

At the same time, with the development of the economy, the possibility of anthropogenic earthquakes increases. They are most often caused by the collapse of the roof of underground voids. Because of this, the earth's crust seems to shake, almost like a real earthquake. And there are more and more voids and cavities underground, because a person for his needs extracts oil from the depths and natural gas, pumps out water, builds mines for the extraction of solid minerals ... And underground nuclear explosions are generally comparable to natural earthquakes in their strength.

The collapse of rock layers in itself can be dangerous to people. Indeed, in many areas, voids are formed directly under settlements... The latest events in Solikamsk only confirmed this. But even a weak earthquake can lead to dire consequences, because as a result of it, structures that are in an emergency state, dilapidated housing in which people continue to live can collapse ... Also, the violation of the integrity of the layers of rocks threatens the mines themselves, where collapses can occur.

What to do?

Prevent this formidable phenomenon like an earthquake, people still cannot. And they have not even learned to predict exactly when and where it will happen. So, you need to know how you can protect yourself and your loved ones during tremors.

People living in such hazardous areas should always have an earthquake plan. Since the elements can catch family members in different places, there should be an agreement on the meeting place after the aftershocks stop. The dwelling should be secured as much as possible from the fall of heavy objects; furniture is best attached to the walls and floor. All residents should know where to turn off gas, electricity, water urgently in order to avoid fires, explosions and electric shocks. Stairs and walkways should not be cluttered with things. Documents and a certain set of products and essentials should always be at hand.

Starting in kindergartens and schools, communities need to be taught how to behave in a natural disaster, which will increase the chances of rescue.

Seismically active regions of Russia show special requirements both industrial and civil construction. Earthquake-resistant buildings are more difficult and more expensive to build, but the costs of building them are nothing compared to the lives saved. After all, not only those who are in such a building will be safe, but also those who are nearby. There will be no destruction and blockages - there will be no victims.

Today it is no secret to anyone that on all continents of our planet there is a significant increase in cataclysms and natural disasters, which are associated with cosmic cyclical processes and, as a result, global climate change. The increase in the activity and frequency of natural disasters on a planetary scale is due to seismic activity. Scientists around the world are worried about the ever-changing data on the increase in the number of earthquakes. Not only their number is increasing, but also the intensity, location, nature of destructive actions.

So, the area special attention for the scientific direction of climatic geoengineering and for the entire world community today there are two points in different hemispheres of the globe - the Yellowstone caldera in the USA and the Aira caldera in Japan. These are two huge underground volcanoes, standing at the junction of lithospheric plates. According to scientists, the activation of one of them can lead to the subsequent activation of the other, and this is not only a large-scale eruption, but also earthquakes, tsunamis and other consequences. The scale of such a global catastrophe is difficult to assess.

This and other important issues of early warning of people about impending cataclysms were openly announced by the world community of ALLATRA SCIENCE scientists in 2014 in the report “On the Problems and Consequences of Global Climate Change on Earth. Effective ways solutions to these problems ”.

Earthquake.

According to official terminology, an earthquake is a wobble of the earth's surface or underground points that are a reflection of the planet's internal geological changes. This effect is based on the displacement of tectonic plates, which lead to ruptures of the earth's crust and mantle. As a result, oscillatory movements, depending on the intensity of the process, can spread over long distances, bringing with them not only a destructive effect on the social infrastructure, but also a threat to human life.

This issue is dealt with by a special science - seismology. Several areas are being actively studied, including: deepening knowledge of what seismic activity is in essence and what it is connected with, possible forecasting of these natural disasters, for timely warning and evacuation of people. Like any other science, seismology can only develop actively in a mutually beneficial symbiosis with other sciences (physics, history, biology, geophysics, etc.), since the fundamental principle for all knowledge on our planet is, of course, common.

Seismic activity online and in the world.

Seismic monitoring is developing in most countries, regardless of the territory, frequency and threat of earthquakes. In addition, a seismic monitor is one of the fundamental factors in the development and preservation of the integrity of energy facilities. Almost every person on the planet today is an active consumer of electricity. Therefore, power plants are located in all countries and on all continents, including the zone of increased seismic hazard. The action of such a destructive force of nature is fraught not only with an energy catastrophe, but also with global environmental problems.

In order to control seismic processes (earthquakes), study them and warn the public in advance about their occurrence, seismic stations are being built in the designated areas. All the necessary characteristics of tremors are being studied - the magnitude, location and depth of the focus.

Earthquakes online.

For all people, thanks to Internet technologies, data is also available today: "earthquakes online". This is the so-called earthquake map, which provides information on earthquakes around the world around the clock.

Active participants in the International social movement ALLATRA has developed the most complete map of seismic activity, which displays objective data from the world information portals and seismic monitoring stations. Informing the public and awareness of the processes occurring on the planet, their causes and consequences is the main task of this project.

Today, everyone can observe a significant increase in abnormal weather changes, natural disasters, cataclysms. The active participation of all people, unification, mutual assistance and friendship, the prevalence of true moral and spiritual values in society is the guarantee of the survival of civilization in the future.

Every day, different parts of our planet are shaking tremors... An earthquake is one of the natural disasters that a person cannot prevent.

The only thing that he can oppose to the indomitable forces of nature is the achievements of science in the field of forecasting. Systematization and monitoring of seismic activity makes it possible to avoid human casualties and destruction in time, as well as to identify the areas of greatest seismic activity.

Accounting for earthquake foci

The earth's seismic activity map is physical map the planet, which displays areas where earthquakes with a power of more than 4 on the Richter scale have occurred over a certain period of time. The map uses the following legend: the diameter of the area is proportional to the strength of the tremors, and the color of the circle indicates the time interval. For example, the red areas correspond to earthquakes occurring on the current date or in real time.

Seismic monitor, updated every 20 minutes

red circles - earthquakes in the last 24 hours
orange circles - earthquakes in the last 1-4 days
yellow circles - earthquakes in the last 4-14 days

EMSC and Google Map data

List of earthquakes

Press the Backspace or Back to the earthquake list key to return to the beginning of the document

Earthquake map according to Google service

Earth's seismic activity

The images below are presented non-profit organization IRIS, which was founded in 1984 with the support of the National Science Foundation and is a consortium of more than 100 US universities, whose work is devoted to the study, systematization and distribution of seismology data. IRIS programs aim to Scientific research, education, mitigation of the effects of earthquakes.

On the data below, the time is indicated as UTС (Coordinated Universal Time), to transfer to Moscow, add 4 hours.

Seismic activity scale. Richter scale. Earthquake by type of activity.

Mercalli scale	Richter scale	Visible action
1	0 -4.3	Vibration from an earthquake is recorded only by instruments
2		Earthquake vibrations are felt when standing on stairs
3		Earthquake shocks are felt in closed rooms, slight vibrations of objects
4	4.3-4.8	The clinking of dishes, swaying trees, earthquake shocks are felt in parked cars
5	4.3-4.8	The creak of doors, the awakening of the sleeping, the transfusion of fluid from the vessels
6	4.8-6.2	In an earthquake, unstable walking of people, damage to windows, falling paintings from the walls
7	4.8-6.2	Difficult to stand, tiles on houses are crumbling, large bells are ringing from the earthquake
8	6.2-7.3	Damage to chimneys, damage to sewer networks in such an earthquake
9		General panic from an earthquake, damage to foundations
10		Most structures are damaged *, large landslides, rivers overflow their banks
11	7.3-8.9	Bending of railways, damage to roads, large cracks in the ground, falling stones
12	7.3-8.9	Complete destruction, waves on the surface of the earth, changes in the flow of rivers, poor visibility
* Specially designed buildings with earthquake protection can withstand shocks up to 8.5 on the Richter scale

Current seismicity of the Atlantic Ocean

This map shows Pacific Ocean, as well as the eastern regions of Russia - Far East and the Kuril Islands. The fault line of the Pacific Ridge is clearly visible.

Seismic Activity in Russia and Central Asia

Seismic activity map of Russia and Europe