Peru holiday season. When is the best time to visit Peru? Andes and highlands

Peru has a diverse natural landscape, so the country can be divided into several tourist areas. Each of them has its own climatic conditions. In this article, we will analyze the regions that are suitable for the rest of our tourists, and tell you where and in what month the trip will be as comfortable as possible.

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Peru has a diverse natural landscape, so the country can be divided into several tourist areas. Each of them has its own climatic conditions. In this article, we will analyze the regions that are suitable for the rest of our tourists, and tell you where and in what month the trip will be as comfortable as possible.

If we talk about Peru as a whole, then there are two main seasons. Dry season or Peruvian winter, aka - high season. From May to October, there is almost no rainfall. The rainy season, or Peruvian summer, lasts from November to April. During this period, the weather is less favorable. However, this division is very conditional: the same terrain, as well as the height above sea level, has a strong influence on temperature and humidity. To understand in more detail, let's start studying individual regions.

Peru is divided into three key climatic zones.

• East: tropical jungle of the Amazon.
• West: coastal desert.
• Central part: Andes and highlands.

Tropics in the Amazon jungle

A trip to the Amazon jungle and the eastern lowlands is recommended to plan for the period from June to September. Precipitation often falls at this time, but it is much less than in winter. The water level in the rivers is falling, so the risk of flooding is minimal. The dry season is suitable for observing the watering of animals and the flight of birds, for fishing, long walks and exploring the rich vegetation of the region.

From November to May in these places is the rainy season, often many hours of showers. Humidity remains at 85%, while the air temperature in tropical forests is very high - from 30 to 38 degrees Celsius.

coastal desert

This area is the perfect place for a beach holiday in Peru. The coastal desert includes:

• Lima,
• Nazca,
• chan chan,
• Sipan and Trujillo
• natural park of Paracas.

Hot weather without precipitation here is from December to April. The water is warmed up to 23-25 ​​degrees, the air temperature ranges from 25 to 35 degrees. It is worth recalling that during the high season, local beaches are crowded with tourists and the inhabitants of Peru themselves, so lovers of secluded relaxation need to be very careful when choosing a hotel.

If you are planning a vacation in Peru from May to November and want to visit the beaches, choose areas to the north: there the water is quite warm for swimming even in low season. The cities of Ica and Nazca are sunny and rainfall is rare throughout the year. In the central part and in the south of the country during this period the sky is usually covered with clouds. By the way, the highest waves off the coast rise just from May to November, so this period is recommended for those who plan to go surfing.

Andes and highlands

The best time to visit Machu Picchu or Cusco is during the dry season, which lasts from May to October. These months are rare. it's raining, the sky is almost always cloudless, and the sun shines, but does not tire: 20-25 degrees. Such weather is favorable for sightseeing tours from a bird's eye view: on a clear day, amazing views open up from the mountain peaks. Lovers of outdoor activities usually come here, in particular, for traveling in the mountains and mountaineering.

After sunset, the air temperature drops rapidly, and as you climb up the mountain, it can drop to almost zero. At the same time, at an altitude of 3,500 meters above sea level, even during the day, the air does not warm up above 10 degrees, and at night frosts are possible at all.

Russian summer - June, July and August - the most auspicious time for a trip through the Andes, weather permitting. May and September are changing seasons, so clouds and precipitation are possible. However, for those who want to avoid the crowds of tourists in the most popular places, these months are certainly suitable.

When are the least tourists in Peru?

The peak of the season, as in many other parts of the world, in Peru falls on the celebration of the New Year and Catholic Christmas. In addition, in December and January, a huge number of both traditional Peruvian and celebrated dates around the world. Plus, the weather during these months is very conducive to beach holidays on the coast. That is, in winter it will definitely not work to retire and “meditate” in silence.

But, starting from February and ending in November, that is, the remaining ten months tourist sites, routes and top places are less busy, and hotel prices can save you a lot.

Clothing should be light and comfortable. Luggage should be stowed depending on what your plans are.

Two pairs of shoes: sneakers, preferably not wet and like open sports sandals.

In the jungle, clothes should be lighter: a couple of T-shirts, shorts and linen pants for an evening with a shirt. Long socks will allow you to cover your legs so that midges do not bite. If the rainy season is coming, then you can take light rubber semi boots.

For the mountains, take warm and closed clothes with you: a pair of jeans, a couple of shirts, a jacket with sleeves, a light jacket, a cap, a windbreaker for cool nights. Sweater - you can buy in Peru on the way.

When visiting Machu Picchu in the rainy season, you need to take a rain coat with you, in the dry season - a hat, insect repellent and sunscreen.

In the desert, you should spend time in linen or cotton clothes that cover your shoulders and knees.

In areas of the Amazon, one should be prepared for unusual climatic conditions: heat, rain, insects, etc.

toothpaste, shampoo, soap or toilet paper You can purchase on the spot.

Take personal medicines, including those for disinfecting wounds: iodine, brilliant green, etc.

A belt wallet for storing money will allow you not to worry about dropping or losing money.

Sunscreen and sunglasses. Swimming trunks. Flashlight, camera with large quantity memory.

Spanish phrasebook and dictionary will help you find a common language with local residents. The guide will solve problems with orientation in space.

For long hikes, take a warm jumper, more durable boots, thick clothes.

If you want to follow the path of the Incas, then you will have to get more reliable ammunition. Be sure to bring a pocket knife and flashlight, water purification tablets, mosquito nets and a raincoat. In principle, you can buy most of these items in Peru, but if you want to save money, it is better to take it from home. You can rent a sleeping bag or a tent for the duration of the hike, so you don't have to take it all from home.

Transport

One in Peru international Airport- located in Lima.And several national ones: Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Tumbes, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Puerto Maldonado, Cusco, Juliaca.

Air travel:

Lima - Pucallpa: 1 hour 15 minutes
Lima - Cusco: 1 hour 20 minutes
Lima - Iquitos: 1 hour 55 minutes
Lima - Puerto Maldonado 1 h 35 min.
Lima - Arequipa: 1 hour 25 minutes
Lima - Juliaca: 1 hour 30 minutes
Lima - Trujillo: 1 hour 15 minutes
Lima - Tumbes: 1 hour 55 minutes
Lima - Chiclayo: 1 h 30 min
Lima - Santiago: 3 hours 40 minutes
Santiago - Oh. Easter: 5 hours 55 minutes

Rail connection:

Central Railway- starts in Lima (Lima - Huancayo) crosses the Andes, and is the highest mountain railway in the world.
Southern Railway - connects the Sacred Valley of the Incas, Cusco, Machu Picchu with Lake Titicaca, and Arequipa with Titicaca.

Lima - Huancayo: 8 hours
Arequipa - Juliaca: 10 hours
Puno - Cusco: 10 hours
Cusco - Machu Picchu: 4 hours
Cusco - Ollantaytambo: 2 hours 30 minutes
Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu: 1 h 45 min.

By bus:

The length of roads in Peru is about 71.4 thousand km.
Pan American Highway - crosses the territory of Peru along the coast from north to south - from the border with Ecuador through Lima and Arequipa, further to the border of Chile.
Central highway - links the cities of Lima, Oroya, Huancayo, Ayacucho, Cusco and Puno.

Cusco - Ollantaytambo: 1 h 45 min
Cusco - Puno: 8 hours
Juliaca - Puno: 20 min

Electricity

220 volts, European sockets. In most hotels, the voltage is 110 volts, in this case you will need to take an adapter at the hotel reception, or purchase it in a store.

Currency

New salt. Approximately 1 USD = 2.9946 PEN

US dollars are widely accepted. Most international credit cards are accepted for payment in hotels, restaurants and shops.

Visa

Citizens of Russia for a trip to Peru for up to 90 days, if the purpose of the visit is tourism, transit, visiting friends / relatives or a short business visit, a visa is not required.
In all other cases, a visa must be issued in advance at the consular section of the Embassy of Peru in Moscow.

It is possible to extend the stay on the spot, at the office of the General Directorate of the Immigration Service in Lima. You can extend your stay three times, each time for up to 30 days. In this case, you must pay a fee of $20.

Children under 16 fit into the visa of the parents (mother). For a child traveling accompanied by one of the parents or third parties, a notarized power of attorney to leave from the remaining parent must be issued (in the absence of such, a certificate of divorce or death thereof is required).

Airport fees and customs rules:

Airport taxes: on domestic flights - 10 USD, on international flights - 30 USD (paid locally).
Prohibited import: non-canned food. It is forbidden to import / export without special permission objects and things of historical, artistic or archaeological value.
Export is allowed: products made of wool and leather, jewelry, souvenirs, while you need to present a receipt from the store where these products were purchased. When exporting fur products, a receipt and an export stamp are required.
Import and export of national and foreign currencies is not limited.
We do not recommend taking coca leaves "as a keepsake" - luggage can be checked.

Border crossing

When crossing the border, you must present the following documents:
a passport valid for at least 6 months from the date of entry;
return tickets with closed date.
In some cases, the officer border service may also require a hotel reservation confirmation or voucher, or proof of solvency (cash, traveler's checks, credit card).

Safety

Before visiting high mountainous areas Peru people suffering from cardiovascular diseases should consult their doctor. To avoid the weakness common in the highlands, it is necessary to eat light food and drink mate tea. Some hotels in Cusco have special oxygen bottles. For more obvious signs of altitude sickness, you need to see a doctor or buy special pills (Soroche Pills). Climb to the top if possible highlands one must gradually, for example, before Cuzco, make a stop in the lower regions of the Sacred Valley.

Avoid cheap transport companies as their drivers don't care about safety and vehicles are poorly equipped. Use the services of trusted taxis (Taxi Real, Taxinet, Taxi Seguro)

If you travel alone (especially in transport), try not to fall asleep and keep your luggage safe, as thefts are not uncommon small items, at night moving, between cities.

Keep copies of all documents with you as tourist cities there are robberies and pickpocketing.

Do not walk alone at night outside the tourist areas.

Do not accept invitations to drink from strangers, especially in nightclubs.

No official vaccinations are required to travel to Peru, but those planning to visit the jungle should be vaccinated against yellow fever (further vaccinations depend on destinations), although this is optional

In case of an earthquake, stay away from windows and heavy objects if indoors; take cover in a doorway or under a sturdy table. Never use the elevator or hide under the stairs, do not approach power lines, poles and tall buildings on the street. Find a shelter marked with a green and white sign as soon as possible (most hotels and office buildings have such shelters).

Peru is a country in South America. It borders Ecuador to the northwest, Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, and Bolivia and Chile to the southeast. In the west it is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Area - 1,285,220 sq. km. The total length of the border is 5536 km (the length of the borders with Bolivia is 900 km, with Brazil - 1560 km, with Chile - 160 km, with Colombia - 1496 km, with Ecuador - 1420 km). Coastline length: 2414 km.

Administrative-territorial division of Peru: 25 departments. The capital of Peru is Lima. The head of state is the president. The legislative body of Peru is the Democratic Constituent Congress.

By natural conditions Peru is divided into three zones: coastal (Costa) - 12% of the territory, mountainous (Sierra) - 27%, wooded (Selva) - 61% of the territory. They are divided into regions: the northern part of the Costa is formed by the Sechura desert; the central and southern parts stretch in a narrow arid ribbon (up to 80 km) between the Coastal Cordillera and the ocean; the mountainous country begins with the Condor Cordillera.

Relief and minerals

A mountainous republic on the Pacific coast South America. The narrow coastal lowlands have a dry climate. From north to south, 3 Andes mountain ranges stretch across the country - an area prone to earthquakes. In the west of Peru, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, there is a narrow strip of desert coastal plains (Costa). To the east - the mountain belt of the Andes (Sierra). To the east is Amazonian lowland. (Selva), passing in the south into the foothill plain (Montagna).

Western Cordillera (altitude over 6 thousand m) is replete with volcanoes: active - Soliman (6117 m), Misti (5821 m), etc.; extinct - Huaskaran (6768 m), Koropuna (6425 m), Ausangate (6384 m), etc.

Intermountain plateaus and plateaus with a height of 3000-4000 m in the south form a large semi-desert plateau - Punu. Here, in the south, the Altiplano intermountain depression stands out with the high-altitude lake Titicaca (Peru owns only the western part of the lake). In the northern part of the Costa there are many short rivers flowing into the ocean (Pyura, Santa, Tumbes, Chira). In Pune, the inland flow basin of Lake Titika-ka stands out. Most of the Sierra and Selva rivers are part of the Amazon river system, its main source is the Maran-on River, along with its tributaries Hualyagoy and Ucayali.

Within the country, from west to east, there are three major natural area: 1) Costa - coastal desert, 2) Sierra - highlands of the Andes and 3) Selva - the eastern slopes of the Andes and the adjacent plains of the Amazon basin.

The coastal desert - Costa, stretching in a narrow indented strip along the entire Peruvian coast (for 2270 km), is the northern continuation of the Chilean Atacama Desert. In the north, between the cities of Piura and Chiclayo, the desert occupies a wide lowland, the surface of which is occupied mainly by mobile sand dunes. Further south, in the section from Chiclayo to Pisco, the steep slopes of the Andes rise to the ocean itself. Near Pisco, several merged alluvial fans form a narrow lowland of irregular shape, in some places partitioned off by mountain spurs. Even further south, near the coast, a low mountain range rises, reaching about 900 m above sea level. To the east of it stretches a deeply dissected rocky surface, gradually rising to the foot of the Andes. Most of the Costa is so arid that of the 52 rivers flowing westward from the slopes of the Andes, only 10 carry their waters to the ocean. The coast is the economically most important region of Peru. The region's 40 oases produce most of the most important agricultural crops, including those for export. On the coast there are also a number of major cities - Lima, Callao, Chiclayo and Trujillo.

Andean highlands - Sierra. The Peruvian Andes, reaching 320 km wide, occupy more than a third of the country's area; their peaks reach a height of 5500 m above sea level. Numerous mountain ranges stretch approximately from northwest to southeast. Ten peaks rise above 6100 m, and the highest of them - Huascaran - reaches 6768 m. In the southern part there are volcanoes, the most famous of them is the Misti cone towering over the city of Arequipa (5822 m). The eastern slopes of the Andes, on which heavy rains fall, are dissected by deeply incised river valleys and form a chaotic heap of sharp ridges, alternating with canyons up to 3000 m deep; several start here major tributaries rivers of the Amazon. This region of sharply and deeply dissected relief presents the greatest difficulty in crossing the Andes. Indians live here, using narrow strips of fertile land for crops on the bottoms of river valleys and in the lower parts of the slopes. On the border of Peru and Bolivia, at around 3812 m above sea level, there is an alpine lake Titicaca; this is the largest of the alpine lakes with an area of ​​8446 sq. km. km, 59% of its water area is located in Peru.

The soils of the Costa and the western slopes of the Andes are infertile. In the mountainous region in the north and east, mountain-steppe soils predominate, in the southeast - characteristic of semi-deserts.

Selva includes the lower part of the eastern slopes of the Andes and the flat plains of the Amazon basin adjacent to them. This area covers more than half total area country. The plain is covered with dense and tall tropical rain forests, and the only means of communication here are major rivers- Ucayali, the upper reaches of the Amazon, which bears the name Marañon here, and Napo. chief economic center district is Iquitos, located on the river. Amazon; this is the highest point that river steamers with a draft of more than 4 m can reach.

Peru has always stood out for its wealth of minerals, especially gold, silver, copper mines, reserves of iron ore, mercury, tungsten, and manganese. There are salt mines, coal deposits. Guano reserves are depleted.

Climate of Peru

average temperature on the coast of Peru, it fluctuates from + 14 ° С to + 27 ° С, precipitation falls up to 3000 mm per year, while in the highlands or in the sierra it is usually cool, sunny and dry for most of the year. The average temperature here varies from + 9°С to + 18°С. From December to May in the Sierra, the rainy season, precipitation falls from 700 to 1000 mm per year. The jungle is hot and humid, +25-28°C. Lima suffers from garua, a dense, damp fog that envelops the entire city even in winter.

Coastal desert. It is very dry and cool on the ocean coast due to the cold Peruvian Current (Humboldt Current) passing nearby. Sea breezes keep the average temperature 6°C below the latitudinal norm. In Lima, it ranges from 16 to 23 ° C. The statistical annual rainfall here is 50 mm, but in some years it does not rain at all. In winter (from June to October) the sky is constantly covered with clouds, coastal fogs are frequent. At this time of the year, the foothills of the Andes are shrouded in a damp haze that wears local name"garua". Garua stimulates the growth of low grasses and forb ephemerals, which together make up a community called "loma" and used as pasture.

Highlands of the Andes. Climatic conditions and the vegetation cover of the mountains vary depending on the absolute height. Average temperatures drop by about 1.7°C for every 450 m rise. Perpetual snow and glaciers cover the peaks above 5000 m asl, and agriculture is possible up to 4400 m asl. Average temperatures in Cusco (3380 m above sea level) fluctuate over the years from 8 to 11 ° C, frosts often occur at night. On the open eastern slopes, the annual rainfall exceeds 2500 mm, in closed basins it is much less, amounting, for example, in Cuzco, 810 mm.

The amount of precipitation decreases rapidly towards the south, which greatly affects the nature of the vegetation. In the north and east of the country, the middle part of the Andean slopes is covered with a dense subtropical mountain forest, which gradually gives way to a more temperate forest with height. climatic type, called ceja de la montaña ("eyebrow of the mountain"), or simply "seja". Among its species, the cinchona tree, the source of quinine, is of the greatest value. In the south, the alpine vegetation is formed mainly by drought-resistant feather grass, short grasses and the resinous shrub lepidophyllum (this community is called "tola"). The bottom and lower parts of the slopes of dry closed valleys are occupied by cacti, thorny legumes and deciduous broad-leaved trees, while the upper part of the slopes is covered by "sekha".

Selva. In the rainforest zone all year round the temperature is high and it rains heavily. In Iquitos, the average temperature of the coldest month is 23°C and the hottest is only 26°C, with an annual rainfall of 2615 mm. Natural vegetation is represented by high-stemmed rain tropical forest, under the canopy of which a dense shadow practically does not allow the ground layer to develop. Of the thousands of tree species, the largest economic importance have acajou (mahogany) and zedrel. Grasses grow on poorly drained areas, while stiff grasses and low shrubs grow on loose sandy soils and rocky slopes.

Fauna of Peru

The fauna of Costa on land is scarce. Of the representatives of the animal world in Peru, the jaguar, puma, llama, monkeys, anteater, sloth, tapir, chinchilla, armadillo, crocodile, a large number of birds, snakes, lizards and insects. The world is abundant on the islands sea ​​birds and the water kingdom is rich (shellfish, shrimp, different types fish, especially anchovies). In the Sierra, there are representatives of the genus of llamas - guanaco and vicuña, many birds. Lake Titicaca abounds in fish (especially trout). Peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, many monkeys, especially many birds (toucans, parrots, hummingbirds), reptiles and insects are found in the Selva.

Presented in Selva tropical fauna, which includes many species of birds, reptiles and mammals, while in the Andes the main animals are llamas, alpacas, vicuñas and guanacos. Among the rodents of the highlands there are viscacha and chinchilla. In the cold waters surrounding the coastal desert, abundant plankton provide food for many species. commercial fish, including tuna, bonito, swordfish, mackerel, croaker and rock perch. Sea fish feed on millions of local birds, including pelicans, cormorants and boobies. They nest on rocky islets, and their faeces, well preserved in arid climate, are used as fertilizer - the so-called. guano. The fragile ecological balance of coastal communities is periodically disturbed by the intrusion of warm equatorial waters pushing back the Peruvian Current. This phenomenon is called El Niño. It causes the migration of plankton and fish, as a result of which many birds die of starvation. At the same time, huge clouds form over the ocean, pouring rain over the desert.

Population of Peru

Ethnicity and language. In the rain forests Eastern Peru inhabited by about a hundred Indian tribes. These tribes, practically isolated from the rest of the population, speak local dialects and earn their living by hunting, fishing and farming. Another indigenous group includes the Quechua and Aymara Indians. Many of them moved to the capital of the country - Lima and other cities on the coast, especially after the 1980s broke out in the mountains guerrilla war, but the majority continues to live in the Andes, being engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. The rest of the population is made up of Creoles - white descendants of Europeans, mostly Spaniards, who practically dominated the country until the 1970s; mestizos - descendants mixed marriages Europeans and Indians, who make up the bulk of the middle class, as well as a number of blacks and Asians.

According to a 2003 estimate, the population of Peru was 28.40 million. By 2003, the population increased by an average of 1.61% annually. It is expected that by 2005 the population will be approximately 28,659 thousand people. The birth rate is estimated at 22.81 per 1,000 inhabitants and the death rate at 5.69 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants. The average life expectancy in Peru is 68.45 for men and 73.43 for women. Once a predominantly rural country, it quickly urbanized, so that in 1997 more than 70% of its inhabitants lived in cities. Approximately 60% of the population is concentrated in the coastal zone, which makes up only 11% of the territory of Peru; it is here that the main centers of the political and economic life of the country are located. About 30% of Peruvians live in the mountains, 10% in the Amazonian Selva.

Peruvian cities are expanding rapidly as settlers and refugees from the highlands settle on the outskirts of Lima and other centers. There they build shelters, build houses and form the so-called "young cities". The largest city of Peru is Lima, the capital of the country and its administrative, financial and Cultural Center, has a population (according to a 1997 estimate) of 5,659 thousand people. major cities are also Arequipa (634 thousand people) in the south of the country; Trujillo (532 thousand), Callao (515 thousand), Chiclayo (426 thousand), Piura (324 thousand) and Chimbote (296 thousand) in the northern and central part of the coast; Cusco (275 thousand) in the south of the Andes mountain region; and Iquitos (269 thousand) upper Amazon(All of the above urban population estimates, with the exception of Lima, are for 1993).

About 90% of the population formally belong to the Roman Catholic Church, although the majority attend only occasional services or do not perform rituals at all and are more committed to traditional folk beliefs. Catholic clergy receive a small annual allowance from the state. In 1979, a concordat was signed between the Vatican and the Peruvian government, which secured the separation of church and state and proclaimed freedom of religion. V Lately the number of Protestants, Evangelicals and Pentecostals has increased, but they make up no more than 6% of the population.

Republic of Peru located in western South America. The area of ​​the state is 1,285,220 square kilometers. The country is washed Pacific ocean. The coastline is almost two and a half thousand kilometers long.

From Peru five countries border: Ecuador from the northwest (1420 km of land border), Colombia from the north (1800 km), Chile (171 km) and Bolivia (1075 km) from the southeast, Brazil from the east (2995 km). The approximate length of all borders in total is 5.5 thousand km.

Western part countries located along the coast Pacific Ocean a narrow strip of coastal desert plains called the Costa. East the area of ​​Peru passes into the mountainous Andes - Sierra. Western and Eastern Cordillera are steep and high mountains. highest point territory of the state - Mount Huascaran (about 6700 m). Moreover, in the east there is the Amazonian lowland Selva, which passes to the south in the foothills of the Montagna plain. The vast lowlands of the Amazon Basin are jungles. Westernmost point countries - Cape Parinas.

the largest rivers Peru is the Amazon with its tributaries Ucayali, Marañon and Putumayo. The source of the Amazon - in glacial lake Lauricocha in the Sierra mountains. The largest lakes- Titicaca and Hanin. Lake Titicaca is located in the southeastern region of the country, close to the border with Bolivia. It is considered the largest alpine navigable lake in the world. The lake is located at an altitude of about 3800 meters, and its area is 8446 square kilometers. Titicaca is known for its specific color, and its name is translated from the Indian language as "tin field".

Time zone of Peru: GMT-5 (-8 hours from Moscow).

Climate

Climate varies depending on the region of the country. The west of Peru belongs to the tropical desert type of climate, the east - to the subequatorial, in the mountains the temperature varies depending on the height.

Coast climate Peru is characterized by aridity. Here falls about 10-50 mm of precipitation per year. From December to April there is the most hot weather with an average daytime temperature of up to +26 °С in the southern part and up to +36 °С in the northern part. At night the temperature drops to +20…+24 °C. In winter on the coast (June-August on this continent), the average temperature during the day is +19 °С, +28 °С in the north and about +13 ... +17 °С at night.

In mountainous area temperatures are lower. In summer, at an altitude of 4 thousand meters above sea level, the average temperature is +19 ... +21 ° C during the day and +4 ... + 6 ° C at night, even frosts can be observed. The Andes mountains receive between 700 and 2000 mm of precipitation per year. The period from April to October is considered the dry season here.

In the lowlands usually humid and hot. In summer, average temperatures fluctuate around +34 °С during the day and +24 °С at night. In winter, the air can warm up to +30 °С, cooling down to +20 °С after sunset. In the tropics, about 3800 mm of precipitation falls annually, most of the rain is observed from autumn to spring.

capital republic is the city of Lima. Other large tourist centers : Arequipa, Iquitos, Cusco, Machu Picchu, Pebas, Puerto Maldonado, Selva, Titicaca, Trujillo.

V Peru climate extremely diverse and depends on the landscape of a particular area. On the coast, the climatic conditions are as follows: there is little precipitation here - about 200 mm per year in the north and 100 mm in the south, often in the form of the smallest drizzle - "garua". Usually the reason for this is warm current El Nino, once every 7 years, violating not only weather but also in other countries.

Insofar as West Coast is influenced by the cold Peruvian Humboldt current, the climate here is dry and hot (especially from December to April). That is why the weather in Peru in this part of the country is not rainy - there is practically no precipitation, during the day the air warms up to +26 0 C in the south and +36 0 C in the north. At night, the air temperature drops to + 20-24 0 C. This is in the summer. In winter, from June to August, the temperature fluctuates between +19-28 0 C during the day and +13-17 0 C at night.

As you move east, mountains are more and more common, which affects the weather in Peru. It is already cooler here - the mercury column of the thermometer on a summer day shows + 19-210С, and at night - + 4-60С. Winter temperatures are +16-180C during the day and drop to -2-60C at night. The tops of the mountains are covered with snow and ice all year round. Here the weather in Peru is rainy: up to 700 mm of precipitation falls in the western part of the Andes, up to 2000 mm in the eastern part. The dry period lasts from April to October.

Well, in the tropical forest, called the jungle or selva, in Peru the climate is subequatorial: it is stuffy, hot and humid. In summer, the thermometer shows + 340С during the day, and + 240С at night, in winter - + 300С and + 200С. In the thickets of the selva, the most precipitation falls - 3800 mm per year. The rainy season lasts from November to March.

The influence of climate on the flora of Peru

In Peru, the climate is greatly influenced by the growing world of the country. The ubiquitous garua promotes the growth of low forbs, here called "crowbar" and used as pastures.

In the Andes in Peru, the climate changes with height, and therefore the vegetation also changes: the slopes of the mountains are covered with impenetrable subtropical forest, gradually turning into forests temperate climate. The name of such forests sounds very poetic: "sekha" or "eyebrow of the mountain". by the most prominent representative such a forest is cinchona.

In the southern part of the highlands, feather grass ripples under the wind, interspersed with lepidophyllum shrubs, and the valleys hidden at the mountain foothills are covered with cacti, leguminous plants, completely dotted with thorns and deciduous trees.

When is the best time to go to the Amazon

You can go on a trip to the Amazon all year round. During the year, about 3658 mm of precipitation falls here, which is equal to about 200 rainy days. Even in the dry season you are not insured against rains. However, amazing landscapes, the richest flora and fauna of this region can be seen both on rainy and dry days.

Rain season

The rainy season in the Amazon lasts from December to April inclusive. At this time in the Southern Hemisphere, summer and autumn. The weather in the Amazon becomes cooler and wetter during the rainy season, with about 60% of all precipitation falling. The average air temperature is about +30 degrees, while in the dry season it is much warmer.

Resting on the Amazon during the rainy season has a number of advantages. First, navigation problems disappear as the water in rivers and streams becomes 23 feet higher. You will have the opportunity to sail through any water bodies and see the life of plants and animals in those places where it is impossible to reach during the dry season. In addition, due to the rise in the water level, you can see monkeys and beautiful birds in the crowns of the trees. And in general, during the rains you can see more animals that inhabit these amazing lands. The disadvantage of this period is that some hiking trails are flooded, and the number of midges and mosquitoes increases significantly, so walking through the jungle can be difficult. Fishing during this period is also limited.

dry season

The relatively dry season in the Amazon lasts from June to November (this period in the Southern Hemisphere falls on winter). The average air temperature is +37 degrees. In the dry season, it also rains in the Amazon, with about 40% of the annual rainfall. However, all hiking trails are easily accessible, and the number of mosquitoes is decreasing, which will allow you to walk through the selva without any problems. Some of the rivers and channels become shallow, and there is no navigation on them. While sailing along the channels of the Amazon, you will not be able to get close to the trees to see the birds, but you will see dozens migratory birds right in flight. Dry season - the best time for fishing, when you can catch exotic species of fish, including piranhas.

When to travel to the Amazon? It's up to you, because at any time you will be welcome here.