White is a symbol of purity and perfection. It includes all the colors of the spectrum and is associated with virtue and divinity. It has a cleansing effect on human energy.

    People who choose white for their color are usually neat, honest, and sincere. But sometimes they can be very demanding.

    Positive "whites" keywords: intactness, completeness, dedication, openness, unity, lightness, versatility, revealing the hidden and the false.

    Negative "white" keywords include isolation, sterility, stiffness, frustration, stiffness, boredom.

    Hang a mirror in front of the front door or directly opposite the bed. In the first case, the energy is immediately directed back to the door, in the second it destroys the marriage or (which is also bad) causes a rival to appear on the horizon.

    White brightens up and illuminates dark rooms. It gives a feeling of cleanliness and freshness.

Red

    Red color vital energy... It is a very stimulating and energizing color that heightens human passions. In nature, red is used to attract the opposite sex. It warms and activates, attracts the eye and communicates danger. It can be used to raise body temperature and increase blood circulation.

    People who prefer this color are bold and courageous, but can be vengeful. They are often optimists. But this color is also inherent in hot-tempered, sociable types.

    Positive "red" keywords: leader, perseverance, struggle for one's rights, creation, dynamism, persistence, appreciation, multiplication, rebirth, gratitude, pioneer.

    Negative "red" keywords: physical violence, lust, intolerance, cruelty, destruction, warmongering, hooliganism, stubbornness, shamelessness, shame, guilt.

    Red should be used in rooms where activity and energy are needed.

    Dress in red when you want to look bold, extravagant and sexy.

Orange

    Orange is the color of creation. The color of optimism, freedom and motivation for action. He reveals the hidden capabilities of a person, helps to get rid of fears and depression. It symbolizes good nature and stimulates sociability.

    People who wear orange are proud, independent, have a strong influence over other people, and strive to become popular.

    Positive "orange" keywords: strength, mercy, generosity, tolerance, excitement, inexhaustible energy, fearlessness, sociability, justice, love of freedom.

    Negative "orange" keywords: pride, pessimism, forgiveness, deliberateness, a tendency to take and not repay debts, self-justification, deception.

    It is good to use orange in social rooms. People will be friendly and open.

    Use orange when you want to look fun, young, funny and relaxed.

Yellow

    Yellow stimulates mental capacity and helps the assimilation of information. Useful for insecurity and shyness. Brings laughter and joy. Like orange, it helps revive the love of life.

    The color of energetic people, perhaps talkers or artistic, creative personalities.

    Positive "yellow" keywords: agility, quick wit, joyful outlook on life, originality, diligence, sensitivity, tolerance, honesty, fairness, self-confidence.

    Negative yellow keywords: acrimony, sarcasm, treachery, absent-mindedness, ignorance, love of chatter, criticism, intolerance, inclination to discuss others, absent-mindedness, stupidity.

    Yellow can be used in rooms where concentration and vigorous mental activity is needed.

    Yellow in clothing works the same way as orange.

Green

    The most harmonious and balanced. The color of emotional relationships is conducive to love. Helps relieve negative feelings and eases anxiety. It has a calming effect on the nervous system. It is a fresh, natural color that symbolizes life and harmony.

    People who prefer green are usually compassionate and sentimental, love friendly communication... They are persistent and trusting.

    Positive green keywords: discernment, tact, practicality, stability, efficiency, generosity, developed imagination, progress, reforms, commitment, sociability.

    Negative green keywords: jealousy, resentment, forgetfulness, selfishness, greed, lack of imagination, disorder, frustration, hypochondria, deficiency.

    Green can be used in any room.

    Wearing clothing is almost always acceptable. You will be visible, but without aggression.

Blue

    Blue is a cooling and calming color. It symbolizes peace, tranquility, wisdom and poise. Disposing to rest and relaxation. Instills confidence in a better tomorrow.

    Blue is preferred by people seeking spiritual achievement. Not selfish, but sometimes spineless.

    Positive blue keywords: wisdom, patience, truth, achievement of reason, spirituality, philosophy, contemplation, calmness, healing, honesty, devotion.

    Negative blue keywords: weakness, emotional imbalance, anger, superstition, complacency, sentimental love, coldness, deceit, rancor.

    Blue is perfect for lounges, bedrooms, wherever you want to experience a sense of peace.

    A color that is desirable to use when you want to look naive, indecisive and innocent.

Blue

    Promotes inspiration and fulfillment of desires. The color of devotion and justice.

    Blue indicates loyalty and friendliness, but also independence.

    Positive blue keywords: receptivity, organization, rule-keeping, idealism, fortitude, purification, intransigence, obedience.

    Negative "blue" keywords: fanaticism, fascism, submission, ritualism, confidence in one's own infallibility, deceit, addiction.

    If you want to look serious and inaccessible, then give preference to blue.

Violet

    The color of the highest kindness, love and wisdom. It is a powerful color companion to leaders. Sharpens vision and senses. Helps balance physical and spiritual energy.

    Perhaps people who prefer purple are somewhat prone to importance. They probably have a good sense of self-esteem. But they may not be aware of their own shortcomings. Creative personalities prone to mysticism.

    Positive "purple" keywords: management, dedication, dignity, humanity, ingenuity, oratory, creative mindset, unlimited, medium ability, faith, secret leadership.

    Negative purple keywords: fraud, cruelty, arrogance, bombast, venality, careerism, megalomania.

    Purple is good for meditation rooms.

    In order to intrigue someone, to create the impression of an incomprehensible and intelligent person, it is good to use this color.

Black

    Black is a mysterious and mysterious color. Symbolizes the unknown and hidden.

    Black is preferred by the calm strong people with dignity. But black can also act as a denial of everything and symbolize insecurity and a gloomy perception of life.

    Positive "black" keywords: motivated use of force, creativity, learning, foresight, meaningfulness, hidden treasures.

    Negative "black" keywords: destructiveness, use of force as a manifestation of weakness and selfishness, suppression, depression, emptiness, abstinence, limitations.

    Color for the expression of independence, sophistication and authority in clothing.

All of the above information is based on data from psychology and the modern Intuitive School of Feng Shui.

Classic Feng Shui is built according to slightly different laws. The main role in it is played by the Yin-Yang ratio and the interaction of five types of energies, which, for simplicity, are called 5 elements. They are Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water. They enter into certain relationships with each other. The most important for the use of flowers (on entry level application of Feng Shui) is the Circle of Generation. In this Circle, the elements interact favorably, alternately reinforcing each other.

I continue the block "psychology of color", and today is next in line pink

What does the white color of flowers mean?

Traditionally, white symbolizes innocence, sincerity, chastity, honesty and purity. It is customary to give white flowers to young girls. The presence of white flowers in a wedding bouquet will be a good sign, as this color symbolizes a long, happy family life... Due to their versatility, white flowers are great for decorating any kind of event, as they can be easily combined with other flowers. The harmonious combination of white and red flowers will give you a festive mood, the combination of white and pink flowers will bring a little romance and tenderness, the union of white and blue flowers will add creative notes to the atmosphere, and the combination of white and yellow colors will tell you about caring attitude, reverent feelings and respect.

What does pink mean in flowers?

The pink color scheme of colors symbolizes tenderness, love, charm, sincerity of feelings and hope for reciprocity. That is why at the very beginning of a relationship it is customary to give pink flowers, for example, tulips or roses. With the help of these flowers, you can easily tell about your quivering nascent feelings. A great solution would be to give a bouquet pink flowers beloved daughter to remind her of her beauty, youth and express her concern for her.

What does yellow mean in flowers?

The yellow color of flowers symbolizes solar energy, joy, positivity, fun and optimism. Such flowers can be presented to any person. In Japan, yellow flowers are given to wish a person well, prosperity and happiness. Yellow irises or lilies will be a charming reminder of joy and beauty on a cold winter evening. And yellow calla lilies will be a great addition to a birthday present for your beloved friend. Yellow color traditionally symbolizes warmth, soulfulness, creativity, wealth and love of life.

What does orange color mean?

The symbol of orange is power, pride and strength. It is customary to give flowers in orange tones as a sign of respect to colleagues at work. In addition, orange is considered the color of cheerful mood, joy, optimism and enthusiasm. A bouquet of orange dahlias, calendula and marigolds will be a great reminder of the colorful autumn.


What does the color red of flowers mean?

The energy of red is very active, it is considered a symbol of love, life, passion and freedom. Red flowers will appeal to people with strong character confident and loving to attract everyone's attention. Red roses symbolize ardent, passionate, irrepressible love. This meaning has a legend, according to which the Greek goddess of love Aphrodite, hurrying to a date, injured her leg on the thorns of a white rose, the petals of which were stained with blood and turned scarlet. Since then, red roses have been a vivid symbol of ardent love.


What does purple mean in flowers?

Purple flowers speak of admiration for a person, are considered a symbol of friendship and charm. Purple flowers can help build relationships with someone of opposing views and beliefs. In addition, purple symbolizes inspiration, it is the color of poetry and the color of kings. An excellent choice would be a bouquet of purple pansies, asters and delphinium. This combination of colors looks original and majestic.


What does the blue color of flowers mean?

Blue and blue flowers symbolize mystery, mystery, originality and creativity. Flower arrangements in blue and light blue can be presented to creative and creative individuals who have a non-standard vision of the world and life situation. If you decide to give blue flowers to your loved one, it will mean that you are loyal to him, faithful and have noble, pure and high feelings for him. Blue irises symbolize confidence, peace, care and support. It is also customary to give blue flowers to men leaving for the army or war. A bouquet of forget-me-nots, bells and cornflowers will tell you that you are ready to wait, keep your feelings and loyalty in a long separation.


Seasons and color of flowers

The choice of color of flowers also depends on the season. In winter, it is better to give flowers of warm and bright colors that will remind you of the sun, summer and warm your loved ones in cold and cold weather. With the onset of spring, you want freshness, notes of awakening, so during this period it is customary to give bouquets in white and pale pink tones. V summer period any color shades will be appropriate, but lightness and coolness will be presented by flower arrangements in blue, lavender and blue tones. In a colorful fall, choose bright and vibrant colors that symbolize wealth, generosity, strength and fullness of life.

Each flower has its own meaning, or at least a legend, and the color of the flower itself is also symbolic. What does the color of flowers mean? What color to give flowers to correctly express your feelings?

There were times when flowers were given with meaning, it was the language of flowers and their colors. A bouquet of flowers as a declaration of love, an expression of tender feelings, for example, towards a sister or mother, a wish for success, all this could be said without words, using the symbolism of the color of flowers.

Bouquets of incredible beauty are made by florists, the combination of flowers in them often does not symbolize anything, but they are in harmony with each other. Look at the beauty in the online flower shop eliteflower.ru this is a real flower fantasy! Now it has become fashionable to complement bouquets of flowers with sweets or even present them in one box, it is very stylish.

And yet, it is a little sad that the language of symbols has been forgotten, our life would become more interesting, eloquent and more diverse. If you want more color in life, tell your man what the color of flowers means, now the expression of feelings will become brighter without words.

What does the color of flowers mean?

What does white color mean?

White color of flowers, as well as white in general in our culture, is a symbol of purity and innocence, it is not for nothing that the traditional white dress of a bride. In some cultures, for example in China and India, white is a symbol of mourning, but this does not concern us. A bouquet of white flowers speaks of the purity of intentions and the innocence of the relationship.

What does yellow color of flowers mean?

An old song by Natasha Koroleva, which is no longer known to everyone, brought some confusion. In fact, yellow means wealth and prosperity, but what else? After all, gold is a yellow metal, the sun is also yellow and means prosperity in everything, and a bouquet of yellow flowers does not symbolize separation at all, but this is a wish for prosperity, wealth and success.

What does orange color mean?

Orange is a mixture of red and yellow, symbolizes strong feelings, but it is not passion, rather friendly feelings, as well as pride. Orange flowers will symbolize pride in the success of the recipient of the bouquet, psychologists consider this the color of optimists and enthusiasts.

What does red color mean?

The symbolism of the red color of flowers hardly needs clarification. Red is a symbol of passionate love and desire, red flowers are very eloquent, this is a declaration of love. Flowers of red color are presented as a gift to a woman whose heart they want to win, but the boss, beloved grandmother or daughter should not give them.

What does pink color mean?

Pink color of flowers is a combination of red and white symbolizes a tender attitude, sympathy, disposition, etc. Pink flowers can be presented to women of any age and social status.

What does the blue color of flowers mean?

Blue flowers are rarely given, there are just few of them. Blue flowers speak both sadness and longing, if you miss someone, then a bouquet of blue flowers will tell you about it. Blue flowers have no age restrictions, they can be given to everyone as a symbol of the desire for communication, the establishment of closer relationships, more frequent communication.

What does purple color mean?

The purple color of flowers is a symbol of delight, luxury and shock in a good sense of the word. A bouquet of purple flowers can be presented to a person who causes delight, respect and reverence in your soul. Purple flowers are more suitable for women than for a young girl.

Happy woman's world


1. Whale shark. The inherent color of the sky and the sea - blue - is widespread in nature in all its shades: the sky-blue color of a whale shark (pictured), indigo on a stormy night, cobalt of peacock feathers. For centuries, this color has been associated with calmness, enigma, coldness and sadness.


2. A school of barracudas. A powerful, seething school of black fin barracudas cuts through the blue waters off Sipadan Island, Mazaysia. These fish are formidable predators, but they sometimes have to huddle in schools to protect themselves from sharks occupying a higher niche in the food chain.


3. Penguins on the iceberg. A group of chinstrap penguins lined up on the edge of an iceberg drifting on the waters south pole... Chinstrap penguins are one of the most common penguin species, and some of their colonies live on floating icebergs.


4. Polar bear in Spitsberg. A polar bear dives off an ice floe off Devon Island in Arctic Canada. Polar bears are great swimmers. The paws have small membranes that help to row.


5. Frozen lake. The Blue Lake on the Ice Trail in Alaska National Park reflects the snowy peak of Donoho. Massive ice deposits are a popular sight among the park's hikers.


6. Blue-footed mine. This is not photoshop. The blue-footed mine from the Galapagos Islands really has this color of legs. And the blue the better. After all, it is the color of the membranes on the paws that the males flaunt the mines in front of the ladies, trying to impress them. And the brighter the legs, the more chances a young man has to find a life friend for himself.


7. Azurite. Sometimes nature draws intricate patterns: in this enlarged image of a piece of a mineral called azurite, we see many shades of blue. In the old days, the stone was used to make paints, but now we can find it in jewelry stores.


8. Blue waterslide. Vacationers decided to have some fun on a swirling water slide in Israel. The attraction helps tourists vacationing on the shores of the Sea of ​​Galilee to cool off after being in the hot sun.


9. Frozen paparotnik. Frost covered the lush leaves of ferns in Fjordland National Park in New Zealand in bright blue. The park is an isolated area of ​​wilderness, where more than 700 species of various plants grow, which you will not find anywhere else.


10. Mating games peacocks. Showcasing a splendid attribute that humans (and female peacocks) have admired for thousands of years, the Indian peacock from the Australian Wildlife Sanctuary boasts colorful plumage. By spreading its tail, a peacock can attract a whole harem of several females.


11. A woman with a closed face on the doorstep. A woman, wrapped from head to toe, sat down to catch her breath on the bright porch of one and the houses in a small town in the Anapurna region of Nepal.


12. Iranian mosque. Intricate mosaic patterns on the walls of a large Iranian mosque and a bottomless mirror of the sky are calling believers to the sunlit courtyard. The many arches are a distinctive architectural feature of Islamic mosques.


13. Galapagos Lagoon. Like a giant blue eye looking into the sky, a transparent lake in the center of one of the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador plays with all shades of azure. Life is in full swing on the rocky shores - brackish waters the lagoons attract thousands of flamingos.


14. Garibaldi Glacier. Huge blocks of glacier slowly slide into the waters of the Garibaldi fjord in Terra del Fuego, an archipelago on the southern edge of South America.


15. Snow-covered Grand Canyon. Despite the fact that we are more accustomed to seeing this place in red tones, the Grand Canyon dresses in blue as soon as night descends on its foggy, snow-covered slopes. The northern part of the canyon is usually closed for travel in winter.


16. Wolf from Yellowstone. Drowning in the blue twilight, Gray wolf looks through the mysterious night, gathering over Yellowstone National Park, USA. In the mid-90s, these animals were brought here again after not a single wolf had been here for the previous 70 years.


17. Underwater sea glacier. This is what a part of the iceberg looks like under water. This block of ice was photographed in the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and Canada.


18. Arctic igloo. The warm light from the igloo window beckons the traveler to enter the light on the cold night of the Canadian Arctic. These temporary dwellings were commonly used by the indigenous people of the icy North American Arctic.

Purpose: to study substances that form red in nature and assess their effect on living organisms.

Tasks:

  1. Examine the plastids of plant cells
  2. To study the effect of lycopene on living organisms.

Study of the issue:

We have studied in detail flowers, fruits, fruits, leaves, etc., which have a red color.

We came to the conclusion that tomatoes are red because they contain the natural dye carotene. It was first isolated from autumn leaves by Berzelius in 1837. Pure crystals of carotene are purple. But the tomato also contains the carotene isomer lycopene. Its crystals are orange-yellow. The combination of these two substances in the peel gives a varied range of shades. And in the rose hips, together with carotenoids, chemically similar lycopene is also contained, which, under the influence of copper and iron, causes an ugly brown color in the fruit. The pigments found in plants are very dissimilar chemicals. In addition to its explicit function, i.e. giving fruits and vegetables a varied and attractive color, some of them also play an important biochemical role. Thus, the green plant pigment chlorophyll determines by its presence the previously mentioned photosynthesis. During the heat treatment of vegetable raw materials, chlorophyll undergoes very rapid chemical changes and the product acquires an olive color. The reaction accelerates with increasing temperature and acidity of the environment and occurs, for example, during sterilization and storage of cucumbers, green peas, beans, etc. Coloring of red and blue-violet fruits, berries such as raspberries, blueberries, currants, lingonberries, prunes, etc. other fruits are caused by anthocyanins. The color of anthocyanin depends on the acidity of the environment. Carotenoids give plants a yellow or orange color. Some of them, such as B-carotene and others, are converted into human body in provitamin A. Carrots, spinach, apricots, light cherries, tomatoes and other plants are rich in B-carotene. In some vegetable plants, yellow carotenoids are covered by chlorophyll. With technological interventions, carotenoids are relatively stable, and are somewhat sensitive to oxidation.

Hypothesis:

  1. Carotenoids enter the body of animals with plant food, determining their color; protect organisms from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
  2. Carotenoids have antioxidant and immunostimulating functions.

Relevance: In the human body, lycopene is found in the liver, prostate, adrenal glands, testes. More than 80% is concentrated in the adrenal glands and testes, indicating a link between lycopene and their biological functions. Several studies have shown that eating tomato products reduces the risk of certain types of cancers, especially prostate cancer.

Results: According to a 1998 study, Americans' consumption of lycopene averaged 3.1 to 3.7 mg per day. In other countries, daily consumption is even lower: an average of 1.3 mg in Germany, 1.1 mg in the UK and 0.7 mg in Finland. Men generally consume more lycopene than women; with age, its consumed amount decreases. The largest amount of lycopene was recorded in American adolescents 12-19 years old. Thanks to the use of ketchup, pasta, etc. But this is not the best source of lycopene. We also came to the conclusion that in order to avoid many diseases it is necessary to eat foods containing large amounts of lycopene. Unfortunately, people cannot eat tomatoes in the required quantities every day. But there is a way out. Nowadays, in pharmacies there are quite a few medicines with a high content of lycopene. Some of them are sold strictly by doctor's prescription, while others are freely available.

  1. Study of scientific literature;
  2. Comparison and Analysis;
  3. Descriptive;
  4. Photographing.

During the subject week of biology, a photo exhibition “Red color in nature” was arranged. We had an idea about whether substances that determine the red color of plants can affect the physiological processes of animals. We decided to study this issue and develop a project of the same name.

Plastids are colorless or colored bodies of plant cells. Plastids are characteristic only for plants. Depending on the color associated with the presence or absence of certain pigments, there are three main types of plastids:

The reddish or orange color of chromoplasts is associated with the presence of carotenoids in them. It is believed that chromoplasts are the final stage in the development of plastids, in other words, these are aging chloroplasts and leukoplasts. The presence of chromoplasts partly determines the bright color of many flowers, fruits and autumn leaves.

The synthesis of carotenoids is carried out only by algae, phytoplankton, plants and some species of fungi and bacteria.
Carotenoids determine the formation of the color of living organisms in nature, for example, fruits, vegetables and plant leaves owe their bright yellow and red colors to carotenoids.
Although some animals are capable of converting carotenoids into other forms, they must still receive them from their nutritious diet. For example, pink flamingo filters Spirulina and other algae and converts their yellow pigments - beta-carotene and zeaxanthin into pinkish-red carotenoids - astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, which then accumulate in the plumage, giving it such delicious color. Many species of birds, fish, crustaceans and insects are colored with carotenoids obtained from food. People also use to their advantage the wide possibilities of carotenoids. So beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A, lutein and zeaxanthin protect the macular region of the retina from damage by ultraviolet light.

Carotenoids are natural substances, the biosynthesis of which is carried out by plants and some microorganisms. Man and animals are not able to synthesize them and must regularly receive them from food, since carotenoids perform a number of vital functions in the body. On this basis, the bioavailability of carotenoids was investigated in vit. A-deficient animals. It is now known that carotenoids have other valuable specific properties that are not associated with A-vitamin activity. In living organisms, they act as photoprotectors and antioxidants.

In addition to beta-carotene, other carotenoids have been found in human blood plasma: alpha-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, lutein.

The level of beta-carotene in blood plasma is significantly lower in smokers, alcoholics, cancer and cardiac patients.

Tomatoes (tomatoes) are red in color. The tomato contains sugars - mainly fructose and glucose, mineral salts such as iodine, potassium, phosphorus, boron, magnesium, sodium, manganese, calcium, iron, copper, zinc. Tomatoes are rich in a whole range of vitamins, namely vitamins A, B, B2, B6, C, E, K, PP and beta-carotene. Tomatoes (tomatoes) contain organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric and a small amount of oxalic). Also included in the tomato (tomato) powerful antioxidant - lycopene... Lycopene is able to protect men from prostate cancer and women from cervical cancer by stopping tumor cell division and DNA mutations. Processed tomatoes contain even more lycopene than raw tomatoes. Tomatoes help maintain vision and prevent retinal changes. Tomatoes protect the body from harmful effects solar radiation... Lycopene in tomatoes improves brain function.

Medicines containing carotenoids.

1. Lycopene, not a medicine, but a dietary supplement.

Lycopene (Lyc-0-Mate) ™ - a patented form of lycopene obtained from genetically unmodified tomatoes, contains such important components as tocophenols, phytosteroids and carotenoids.

The main sources of lycopene are tomatoes and tomato products; they provide 85% of the dietary lycopene. Other sources are watermelon, guava, papaya, apricots, pink grapefruit, and red oranges.

Lycopene is one of the most powerful antioxidant carotenoids. Plasma lycopene levels are influenced by diet, age, gender, hormonal status, constitution, blood lipid levels, smoking, alcohol, and cholesterol-lowering drugs.

In the human body, lycopene is found in the liver, prostate, adrenal glands, testes; more than 80% is concentrated in the latter two, which suggests a link between lycopene and their biological functions.

2.Lesmin multivitamin-phytocidal complex

The main active ingredients of the dietary supplement "Lesmin" are chlorophyll derivatives, vitamin E, carotenoids, phytosterols.

Chlorophyll is a plant pigment that is used to carry out the process of photosynthesis. Found in green leafy vegetables such as parsley, celery, lettuce, spinach, onions, and seaweed. In its chemical structure, chlorophyll is close to blood hemoglobin. The effect on the human body is multifaceted: it enhances hematopoiesis; stimulates tissue repair; prevents the toxic effect of mutagens and carcinogens - harmful agents that damage genes; stimulates immunity; destroys pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi; possesses anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant properties - the ability to neutralize destructive free radicals constantly forming in our body.

Carotenoids are plant pigments. Carotenoids are found in brightly colored orange and yellow-green vegetables and fruits, beta-carotene predominates in them. In addition to being converted to vitamin A, carotenoids have antioxidant and immunostimulatory functions. Carotenoids also perform a number of other important functions: prevent chromosome instability; inhibit excessive cell division; suppress the work of oncogenes - genes in our body that trigger the process of cancerous degeneration of cells; regulate genetic programs for the destruction of tumor cells; activate enzymes that destroy harmful substances; inhibit inflammatory reactions; support vision function.

Sources of carotenoids are carrots, mountain ash, parsley and spinach, green onions, red peppers, apricots, lettuce, pumpkin, tomatoes, peaches, melon.

What is Astaxanthin for?
Astaxanthin is the king of the carotenoid family. If you compare it to beta-carotene (in carrots), you can see that it has two extra oxygen atoms on each of the rings, which gives it a deep red color and makes it an elite of xanthophylls. These additional functional groups increase the antioxidant properties of astaxanthin and give it unique properties not found in any other carotenoid. Astaxanthin also has the ability to stabilize cells by acting as a rivet between membranes.
Astaxanthin was first isolated from lobsters in 1938. Since then, it has been found in the tissues of various birds, shrimp, crabs, fish, plants, and probably all salmon (sockeye, Atlantic, pink salmon, chum salmon, Chinook salmon and trout). So astaxanthin has been present in our diet for thousands of years.
Recently, the United States Department of Food and Drug Administration measured the concentration of astaxanthin in meats of various salmon fish... This study found that they contain, on average, 5 to 40 ppm astaxanthin.

Interestingly, animals have learned to harness the antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. Everyone knows that salmon travel thousands of miles to lay eggs where they were born.
Salmon accumulate astaxanthin from their diet. Nature has chosen astaxanthin as a protector of fatty acids against oxidative stress during traumatic migration.
The female salmon lays eggs enriched with astaxanthin (to protect the developing fry from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

The microalgae Haematococcus (ge-ma-to-kokkus) is the richest source of astaxanthin. In Hawaii, it can be found in small bodies of water with fresh water. V good conditions algae are green in color and constantly move in search of accumulations of nutrients.
When nutrients come to an end, cells begin to enter a resting phase, and produce massive amounts of astaxanthin to protect against UV light and oxidation.
Another source of astaxanthin is the yeast, Phaffia, which can sometimes be seen growing on the bark of certain trees. Krill oil is another possible source, but it has an unpleasant fishy odor, contains only about 1200 ppm astaxanthin and is quite rare.

When choosing a particular plant, its color is of great importance. Why? Many substances that are involved in the transfer of energy in biological systems have a specific color. For example, herbs colored in green color contain chlorophyll pigment. This substance has a high biological activity. In its chemical structure, it is close to blood hemoglobin. It was found that the introduction of chlorophyll preparations into the body promotes an increase in the amount of hemoglobin and stimulates the formation of blood corpuscles. Already 15 minutes after the introduction of this plant pigment, the hemoglobin content in the blood increases, activating the protective functions of the body. Plants of green color have antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Moreover, their biological activity is retained even after heating to a temperature of 100 ° C.

Scarlet, red, raspberry, purple and blue colors of the skin and pulp of plants are due to pigments that have antimicrobial and antifungal properties. They remove chemicals and radionuclides from the body.

The yellow color of the fruits and flowers of plants is a sign of the presence of flavonoids in their tissues. They have antimicrobial action, which is enhanced by the influence of ascorbic acid. Yellow pigments play important role in metabolic processes in the human body.

To test his hypothesis, the scientist placed the same number of aphids on the leaves of wild and cultivated apple trees growing in Central Asia. At the same time, about 62 percent of the leaves turned red on the "savages" in the fall, and only 3. On "tamed" trees - only 3. By the spring, 29 percent of insects survived on wild apple trees, while on cultivated ones this figure was 60 percent. The author of the study suggested that the red leaves contain substances that are poisonous to aphids.

Another point of view is that anthocyanins protect the leaves from the sun's rays.

Conclusions:

  1. Carotenoids determine the red, yellow, orange color in plants.
  2. Carotenoids enter the body of animals with plant food, determining their color (plumage in pink flamingos, many species of birds, fish, crustaceans and insects are colored with carotenoids obtained with food).
  3. Salmon accumulate the carotenoid astaxanthin, which protects fatty acids from oxidative stress during traumatic migration, and developing fry from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
    The introduction of chlorophyll preparations into the body increases the amount of hemoglobin and stimulates the formation of blood corpuscles.
  4. Lycopene - one of the most powerful antioxidant carotenoids Lycopene is able to protect men from prostate cancer and women from cervical cancer, stop the division of tumor cells and DNA mutations.
  5. Lesmin carotenoids perform antioxidant and immunostimulating functions, as well as prevent chromosome instability; inhibit excessive cell division; suppress the work of oncogenes - genes in our body that trigger the process of cancerous degeneration of cells; regulate genetic programs for the destruction of tumor cells; activate enzymes that destroy harmful substances; inhibit inflammatory reactions; support vision function.

Literature

  1. Vlasova Z.A."Handbook of Biology".
  2. Gusev M.V. Mineeva L.A."Microbiology", Moscow "Academy", 2008.
  3. A.S. Konichev Sevastyanov " Molecular biology”; Moscow. Publishing house "Academy", 2008.
  4. Material of the Internet.
  5. http://www.piluli.ru/product/Prostata-Likopen
  6. http://mysci.ru/tag/karotinoid-likopen
  7. http://www.karotinoli-m.com/glossary/word/12/1/
  8. http://www.medbiol.ru/medbiol/botanica/001458ef.htm

A person lives in a multi-colored world filled with hundreds of colors and thousands of their shades. But red is not just one of the many colors, it can be called the main, the most significant. And in terms of the strength of its effect on a person, it surpasses all other colors. It is not for nothing that the concepts of "beauty" and "paint", that is, color in general, are associated with its name. And scientists believe that our distant ancestors were the first to highlight the red color in the colorful palette of the world, although there are not so many natural objects of this shade.

It would seem that color is just the coloring of objects, but in fact it is energy, light radiation of a certain wavelength. And as light energy, color affects the physiological processes in our body. Studying this surprising fact it began with red as the most potent color.

Red has the longest wavelength of all colors in the visible spectrum - 780 nm. More only in infrared radiation which we perceive as warmth. And red is also called hot, not only because of the strength of the radiation, but also because of the specific effect on the human body.

Warming, energizing and fierce color

Studies of the effect of red on the human body were carried out throughout the 20th century both in our country and abroad.

A well-known Russian expert in the field of color B.A. internal organs... First of all it comes about the cardiovascular system, it is not for nothing that since ancient times the color red has been associated with blood.

If a person is placed in the red room for a while, then he has:

  • blood pressure rises;
  • heart rate and breathing increase;
  • then he gets hot, as if the color around him really warms.

The red color also activates the production of saliva, and the person begins to feel hungry. But under the influence of this color, a person does not enjoy food, but eats a lot, greedily and quickly, in a hurry to finish with a meal and leave, because red encourages activity. That is why the owners of some restaurants devote a lot of space to red in the interior.

The red color also activates the processes associated with reproductive activity, therefore, women's red underwear excites men in this way.

Red in medicine

The energy of red has long been used in medicine, as described in ancient medical treatises. But for a long time doctors were skeptical about this information, considering the advice of healers of the past to be quackery. And only numerous studies conducted since the middle of the last century have proved the following.

  • Radiation of a red-orange color really has a beneficial effect on the body in cases of measles, scarlet fever and some skin diseases.
  • Red radiation, not to mention infrared, has been successfully used to treat neuralgia.
  • This color helps very well in the treatment of children with anemia, weakened and apathetic.
  • Red and orange are necessary for normal mental and physical development children.

Psychology of red

Despite the centuries-old practice of using red for medicinal purposes, it has not yet received widespread use in modern medicine. But they have been used for a long time and successfully. But this color has such a great power of influence on the psyche that it must be used with caution.

The psychological impact of red

Primarily reacts to color exposure emotional sphere, more precisely, the processes of excitation and inhibition. "Hot" colors, red-orange shades excite our nervous system, but their effect is not limited to this.

  • Red is the most exciting of all colors in the spectrum. In this case, the level of arousal can be such that it begins to manifest itself as excessive irritability, irascibility and even aggression. Therefore, psychologists advise not to abuse red in your environment, for example, in the interior of residential premises and offices.
  • Red tones up, increases activity and efficiency. But this is experienced as a strong, relatively short-lived surge. Activity under the influence of this color quickly causes feelings of fatigue and irritation. It is not suitable for long-term productive activity.
  • Red is one of the brightest and most visible colors and is often perceived as a warning of danger. Perhaps the association of this color with fire played a role here. Even modern word"Red" comes from the Old Russian "kres" - fire. And the original name of the color was translated as "fiery", "bright", "shining".

It should be noted that psychological impact colors has nothing to do with cultural traditions, it is typical for all people, regardless of nationality. Even higher animals show the same psychophysiological reactions to red as humans.

If you like red

It speaks not so much about our taste as about mood, character and needs.

  • The color red is chosen by people who are energetic, striving for vigorous activity, and have the ability to lead.
  • This color is preferred by people of strong-willed, purposeful and ready to overcome any obstacles on the way to the goal. Therefore, they are often characterized by such qualities as selfishness, self-confidence and cruelty.
  • Red is associated with sexuality and, chosen by men, it indicates their need to demonstrate masculinity, focus on their sexual role.
  • The same can be said for a woman. By choosing red, she emphasizes her need to dominate her sexual partner. A woman putting on red underwear goes hunting. She is a predator who perceives a man she likes as legal prey. But her activity in sexual relations, emancipation and openness often attracts strong men.

Red symbolism

Our attitude to color is largely due to cultural traditions and symbolism that has been formed over the course of many centuries. But since each generation gave birth to its own symbols, the meanings of red in modern culture are diverse and contradictory.

  • In our world, the oldest symbolism of this color is also recognized, which is associated with blood, aggression and struggle.
  • And at the same time, red is a symbol of sexual energy, love and vitality. That is why the bride of the ancient Slavs wore a red dress. These meanings also go back to ancient cultural traditions and are characteristic of all peoples.
  • In Christian culture, red is a symbol of a sacred sacrifice, the blood of Christ, shed by him in the name of saving people. And at the same time, red is the color of the Day of the Last Judgment and a symbol of retribution for sins.
  • This is the oldest color of power and strength. In this sense, it is used in European heraldry.
  • Red color - warning about danger and possible threat.

If you take a closer look at the world around you, you will understand that in our environment, as well as in nature, red is quite rare. Flickering in a crowd or among a stream of cars, he immediately attracts attention. And this is not surprising, because red is a very strong color, oversaturated with energy, so people use it infrequently, dosed, intuitively understanding its aggressive effect on the psyche.

Red symbolizes many things from love and blood to courage and sacrifice. It also plays an important role in nature. A similar color among animals and plants usually warns others about the danger and encourages outsiders to keep their distance. But people on the contrary most often find plants and animals of red color extremely attractive and try to decorate their homes with their presence. Here is a selection of 25 of the cutest ones.
25. Strawberry Poison Frog

Native to Central America from the lands of Nicaragua to Costa Rica and Panama, this frog is a small animal of very bright color. This species usually lives in humid lowlands and foothill forests, but sometimes its large colonies can be found in such troubled places as artificial plantations.

The Northern Cardinal is a North American bird of the cardinal family of the passerine order. This red-finned bird lives in forests, gardens, shrub steppes and swamps in southern Canada, as well as in the eastern United States. Males are bright red, and females are dull red with olive tint. The bird received its name for the color of its plumage, which is similar in color to the traditional cloaks of Catholic cardinals.

13. Eastern red spotted newt

Here is a variety of the eastern newt, which is widespread in the west. North America... It lives in small lakes, ponds and rivers near forests with high humidity. This little lizard only looks fragile and defenseless. In fact, if necessary, it releases the poisonous substance tetrodotoxin, which protects it during its proximity to predatory fish and crabs. These newts are often kept at home.

12. Red velvet ant

Red velvet ant, German wasp or cow killer - all these names are about the same insect living in the eastern United States. This wasp is the largest of America's velvety ants and reaches up to 2 cm in size.And although in reality a German wasp cannot kill a cow, its females bite painfully enough to exclaim in their hearts that such a bite can even overwhelm a bull.

11. Brazilian moon already

V the scientific world Known as Oxyrhopus Melanogenys, this reptile is a smooth-toothed snake from northern South America. Its most noticeable feature is its bright red color, and its maximum size is up to 68 cm in length.

10. Fish red scorpion

Dwells in Pacific near Japan and is distinguished by a rich red color of scales and fins. This fish grows up to 76 cm in length, has large wide pectoral fins, and no swim bladder, which only exacerbates its eccentric appearance.

9. Tomato frog

Common in Madagascar, this frog is a large, red-bodied specimen that puffs up in times of danger. When a predator tries to grab a bloated frog, its skin secretes a small amount of a thick substance that sticks together the opponent's eyes and mouth. A hungry animal has to release its prey in order to see again.

8. Blood red glider

This is a medium-sized butterfly, and it belongs to the Nymphalid family living in Central America. The dorsal part of this amazing insect is blood red, while the color of the ventral side ranges from olive to grayish or brown.

7. Red squirrel

Also known under the name of the Eurasian red or ginger squirrel, this rodent is ranked among the tree squirrels that inhabit almost the entire Eurasian continent. The red squirrel lives in coniferous forests, and in broadleaf groves of temperate climatic zones Europe and Siberia. The squirrel's coat changes color depending on the season and habitat, but the red color is usually the most common.

6. Red-headed cardinal beetle

Familiar in the UK, this beetle is medium in size (about 2 cm in length). The bright insect loves forest edges, where it is full of food in the form of small insects. The red color of the beetle scares off larger predators, for which a bright color is a signal that potential prey may be poisonous.

5. Cherry shrimp

This species of freshwater shrimp from Taiwan has become a popular aquarium pet. The natural color of ordinary shrimp is green-brown, but it is the red shrimp that is the most frequent inhabitant of artificial decorative ponds due to its attractive appearance. Shrimp is omnivorous and reaches up to 4 cm in size.

4. Scarlet macaw

This parrot lives in wet rainforest evergreen of South America, and is a large bird with bright colorful plumage. Scarlet macaw or macao refers to neotropical parrots, severely affected by humans and nearly extinct due to uncontrolled fishing and trade. Now this bird is protected by law.

3. Flat-headed lizard Mwanza-Agama

Also known by the popular nickname "Spiderman Lizard" for its red and blue color, this agama lives in Tanzania, Rwanda and Kenya. The bright lizard prefers to hide in semi-deserts and bask in the sunlit rocks.

1. Red-veined dwarf