Arlie Burke-class missile ships. Destroyers "Orly Burke". Record holders with rocket armament. lead destroyer "USS Arleigh Burke"
Arleigh Burke-class destroyers (Russian "Arly Burke") - a type of destroyers URO (with guided missile weapons) of the fourth generation. The destroyers have been built by order of the US Navy since 1988, the construction of ships of this type continues. The type was named after the lead ship, the URO destroyer Arleigh Burke, named after the American admiral of World War II. The first Arleigh Burke-class destroyer entered the US Atlantic Fleet on July 4, 1991. After the decommissioning on September 21, 2005 of the last destroyer of the type "Spruance" USS Cushing in the US Navy remained the only type of destroyers URO - destroyers "Arleigh Burke".
As of May 2010, the destroyer Arleigh Burke is the largest-batch type of surface warship with a total displacement of more than 5000 tons in the entire post-war history of the fleet. Taking into account the rather low rates of construction of destroyers in other states, in the coming years not a single state in the world will be able to break this peculiar record.
In addition to the US Navy, four ships of the Arleigh Burke class, albeit with a slightly modified design and built according to civilian standards (destroyers of the Congo class), are in service naval forces self-defense of Japan. In 2000, it was planned to enter the Japanese Navy by 2010, three more ships, upgraded to the level of the IIA series, but at present, the construction of these ships has been abandoned in favor of more advanced destroyers of the "Atago" class .
Appointment of ships of this type
The main combat missions assigned to the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are:
- Protection of own aircraft carrier and naval strike groups from massive missile attacks of the enemy, which uses anti-ship missiles launched both from surface ships and from nuclear submarines with missile systems.
- Air defense of own forces (naval formations, convoys or individual ships) from enemy aircraft.
- Fight against enemy submarines and surface ships;
- Securing a naval blockade of certain areas;
- Artillery support for amphibious operations;
- Tracking enemy ships;
- Participation in search and rescue operations.
The history of the development of the construction of ships of the series
Development history
Development of URO destroyers of a new type capable of supplementing 31 destroyers type "Spruance" and to replace the destroyers of the previous types, began in the late 1970s and, as a result, led to the creation of the appearance of ships of this type and the emergence of a program for their construction. A fundamentally new type of URO destroyers was to become a means to achieve superiority of the US Navy over the Soviet Navy. Initially, the development of a new destroyer project was proposed in 1980 by the designers of seven shipbuilding enterprises. Their number was already in 1983 reduced to three companies: Todd Shipyards, Bath Iron Works, and Ingalls Shipbuilding.
As a result, on April 5, 1985, the Bath Iron Works shipyard won the contract for the construction of the first ship of the Ι series. The contract was concluded in the amount of $ 321.9 million, and the total cost of the first-born destroyer, including weapons, was $ 1.1 billion (in 1983 prices). Bath Iron Works also received a contract for the construction of the 3rd and 4th destroyers in the series, and later sought more and more contracts. The second destroyer of the first series was ordered by the second company, Ingalls Shipbuilding (Todd Shipyards could not get the contract).
Serial construction
After the order for the construction of the first three destroyers (DDG-51 - 53) on December 13, 1988, an order for the construction of five more destroyers of the series followed. This order was followed on February 22, 1990 by a new one for the construction of five additional destroyers, then the shipyards received an order (dated January 16, 1991) for four more destroyers. The last order for five destroyers of the first series of the ship was received by the shipyards Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding on April 8, 1992, and the last of the five destroyers ordered in 1992, Mahan, was being completed as a ship of the Flight II series.
Orders for series II ships were distributed as follows: January 19 - 21, 1993 - four destroyers (DDG-73 - DDG-76), July 20, 1994 - three (DDG-77 - DDG-79), the last of these three destroyers, "Oscar Austin", was built according to the Flight IIA project.
Orders for the construction of ships of the IIA series were carried out in the following terms: January 6, 1995 - three units. (DDG-80 - DDG-82), June 20, 1996 - two units. (DDG-83 - DDG-84), December 13, 1996 - four units. (DDG-85 - DDG-88), March 6, 1998 - thirteen units. (DDG-89 - DDG-101), September 13, 2002 - eleven units. (DDG-102 - DDG-112), June 15, 2011 - one unit. (DDG-113), September 27, 2011 - two units. (DDG-114 - DDG-115), option announced for DDG-116.
At the beginning of June 2011, it is planned to build 75 destroyers of this type, of which 61 ships have already been built and 2-3 new ships are being commissioned annually. The last 61st destroyer in the series, Spruance, entered service with the US Navy on October 1, 2011. After the refusal in July 2008 from the large-scale construction of DDG-1000-class destroyers, there were plans to build 8-11 more Arleigh Burke-class ships in addition to the 62 already ordered and increase the total number of built destroyers of the series to 70-73 units. The construction of the new Arleigh Burke-class destroyers following the USS Michael Murphy (DDG-112) allows US shipyards not to interrupt production of destroyers until the start of serial production at these enterprises, cruisers of new types CG (X) and CGN (X), which is expected no earlier than 2015 (except for the small-scale construction of DDG-1000 destroyers). In December 2009, the US Navy signed a $ 117 million contract for the purchase of materials for the DDG-113 destroyer, and in April 2010, a $ 114 million contract for the purchase of materials for the DDG-114 destroyer.
In June 2011, it became known that the leadership of the US Navy had made a decision to increase the order for the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers and continue their construction until at least 2031. As part of the 2012 and 2013 programs, it is planned to develop a new improved modification of the destroyer - Series III, according to which, starting in 2016 (from the DDG-122 ship), 24 new ships of this type should be laid. It is planned that ships from DDG-113 to DDG-121 will gradually "saturate" with Series III technologies.
Construction cost
The cost of building a lead destroyer in 1983 prices was $ 1.1 billion.In 2004, the average cost of building one IIA ship was $ 1.1 - 1.25 billion, and the annual cost of maintaining one ship (with one repair every two years ) = $ 20 million.By 2009, due to inflation, the cost of one destroyer of the third sub-series (Flight IIa) increased to $ 1.4 billion (equivalent in terms of purchasing power parity to 26.32 billion rubles), and the annual cost of service to $ 25 million
The bulk of the funds from the total cost of building and arming destroyers of the "Arleigh Burke" class goes directly to the acquisition and installation of weapons systems on destroyers. So, 6 destroyer hulls ordered by Bath Iron Works for laying in 2002-2005 cost $ 3,170,973,112, the cost of 4 hulls ordered by Ingalls Shipbuilding at the same time = $ 1,968,269,674, from which you can easily subtract the average price the hull of one destroyer, equal to ≈ $ 500 million, that is, slightly more than a third of the total cost of the ship. Thus, almost two-thirds of the cost of putting a ship into operation is its armament. The most expensive weapon of the Arleigh Burke destroyers is combat system Aegis - its cost is approximately $ 300 million.
The next Arleigh Burke-class destroyer after USS Michael Murphy (DDG-112) (construction is expected to begin in 2009) will cost the US Navy $ 2.2 billion. while it is only planned, it will not exceed $ 1.7 billion.
The increase in costs was due, in addition to inflation, also to the installation of new weapons systems on ships under construction.
Ship structure
Hull and superstructure
Series I
The Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are typical single-hull ships with a hull elongation ratio (waterline) = 7.1 of a long-nose design. For the first time in many years in American shipbuilding practice, the hulls of ships of the series began to be made almost entirely of high-strength steel, using only individual units and sections of aluminum, in particular, pipes of gas turbine installations and the main mast. The experience pushed American designers to a return to the use of steel in the construction of ships Falklands War , which revealed the weak security of British ships with aluminum hulls, as well as a number of fires on their own ships (in particular, the fire on the missile cruiser Belknap, which broke out on November 22, 1975 in the collision of the cruiser with the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy, completely destroyed the cruiser superstructure and killed 7 people).
Developed for the destroyers of this project, the new hull has full contours in the bow and a small camber of the surface branches of the bow frames, which is noticeably different from its predecessor - project of destroyers of the "Spruence" type ... According to the developers of the Arleigh Burke destroyer project, despite a slight increase in water resistance, this hull shape has the best seaworthiness. The positive qualities of the Arleigh Burke destroyers lie in the greater smoothness and small swing of the pitching, moderate flooding and splashing, small ship roll angles in circulation. The destroyer's hull is low-draft.
The hulls of the ships are divided, taking into account rationality, by watertight bulkheads, reaching the upper deck, into 13 compartments and have a double bottom along their entire length. Throughout the ship are two continuous decks, not counting the top. In the lower decks there is a through passage that allows the crew to take up combat posts without leaving for this on the upper deck. The collapse of the sides is more than 8 ° over a considerable length of the hull length. The height of twindecks for the US Navy is standard - 2.9 m.
Ships are built on a modular basis, that is, the ship's hull is formed from pre-assembled modules (blocks) during construction. This makes the construction process easier and faster. The complete ship construction process (from laying to launch) takes 10 to 17 months, with most ships being built in less than 15 months. A certain lag from construction schedules was observed after hurricane Katrina , which slowed down the delivery date of several destroyers at the Bath Iron Works shipyard in Pascagoul.
Arleigh Burke-class URO destroyers became the first after frigates type "Lafayette" ships, in the construction of which the technology is used "Stealth" ... The Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are the first ships in the US Navy to have their effective scattering area significantly reduced as a result of the architecture of stealth superstructures (with sharp edges for greater radio wave scattering) and the use of energy-absorbing coatings. In order to reduce the thermal field chimneys destroyers are equipped with special mixing chambers in which exhaust gases are mixed with cold air. Reducing the thermal field of ships was achieved by isolating hot areas through the use of an air cooling system for exhaust gases.
Series IΙ
The meta-centric height of the ships of the 2nd series has been increased by reducing the weight of the superstructure. At three-quarters of the length of the hull of series 2 destroyers, the thickness of the metal skin was increased, and the fuel efficiency was improved by making changes to the design of the bow of the vessel. The propeller design has also been improved to reduce cavitation noise. In addition, the living quarters of the series destroyers were expanded to accommodate the personnel of the air group, as well as female military personnel. In order to increase combat survivability, five armored bulkheads were additionally installed in the ship's hull.
Series IΙA
Compared to the Arleigh Burke destroyers of the first series, the hull has been lengthened by 1.37 m - up to 155.29 m. The hull width remains the same. For the construction of IΙA series destroyers, a previously unused technology is used, in which the sections are saturated before they are integrated into the main hull modules. Starting with USS Shoup (DDG-86), helicopter hangars are made of composite materials to reduce secondary radar field levels. All IIA series destroyers are equipped with satellite communications, allowing members of the ship's crew to call home at any time or use the Internet. All destroyers from USS McCampbell (DDG-85) have a dedicated launderette. In addition, a number of other, smaller changes have been made to the design and equipment of the IIA-class Arleigh Burke destroyers.
Power plant
A new phenomenon for the American shipbuilding was the twin-shaft main power plant installed on the destroyers "Arleigh Burke", consisting of 4 gas turbine engines. General Electric LM2500 with a heat recovery circuit for an additional 25% fuel savings. The main power plant of the ship is mounted on soundproof foundations and shock-absorbing supports. The power plant (gas turbine, compressor, pipelines) and the sound-insulating casing are made in the form of a single unit (module). The propulsion system of the ship allows it to reach a full speed of at least 30 knots in any rough sea. The lead destroyer of series I USS Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) during sea trials at full displacement of the hull developed a 30-knot speed with a 35-foot (10.67 m) wave and a total shaft power of 75,000 hp. With. The ships of all series have 3 reserve Allison 2500 gas turbine engines (each with a capacity of 2.5 MW), on which the ships are capable of moving in the event of a power plant failure. The movement of the Arleigh Burke destroyers is provided by 2 five-bladed variable-pitch propellers of the KaMeWa brand.
The maximum cruising range of series I Arleigh Burke-class destroyers at the operational and economic speed (20 knots) reaches 4400 nautical miles (8148.8 km), on series II and IIA ships due to an increase in the ship's fuel efficiency achieved by improving the bow design parts of the hull and the placement of additional fuel tanks, the cruising range of the ship was increased to 4890 miles (9056 km). The cruising range of destroyers at an economic speed (18 knots), according to some sources, reaches 6,000 nautical miles (11,112 km). The cruising range of the Arleigh Burke destroyers is assessed as relatively short, especially since for the previous type of US Navy destroyers - destroyers of the "Spruance" class it was 6,000 miles at 20 knots and 3,300 miles at 30 knots.
Crew
The crew of series I and II ships consists of 22-26 officers and approximately 300-330 sailors with the rank of warrant officer and below. On ships of the IIΑ series, the crew was increased to 380 people (the total number of officers increased to 32) due to the appearance on the ships of a special group Maintenance 2 helicopters, consisting of 18 people, including 4 officers. Accommodation conditions for the crew on the destroyers "Arleigh Burke" are quite comfortable, officers are accommodated in separate cabins, sailors in the cockpits. There are 4 m² of living quarters for 1 member of the ship's crew.
Combat survivability
When designing destroyers of the Arleigh Burke type, the designers and developers of the project paid special attention to the issues of proper provision of constructive protection and survivability of destroyers of this type. For this, the dimensions of the all-steel superstructure were minimized, the outer surfaces of the superstructure received an inclination to the main plane with surfaces lined with reducing EPR radio-absorbing coatings.
Vital combat posts are located below the main deck; REV antenna posts were distributed throughout the ship in order to reduce the likelihood of defeat. Anti-submarine sensors control stations and missile firing control stations "Tomahawk" placed separately from the CIC. The premises of the power plant, REV and control posts have kevlar anti-splinter protection. In total, more than 130 tons of Kevlar are consumed during construction to protect the main combat posts and units of each Arlie Burke-class destroyer (including 70 tons of this durable but expensive material is used to protect combat posts).
Local anti-splinter armor made of high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloys up to 25.4 mm thick also serves the purpose of protecting mechanisms and equipment below the structural waterline. Plates made of these alloys protect the main waveguides, cables and the most important combat posts (upper tiers of superstructures, BIP rooms, ammunition storage). The hull and superstructure of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, including the AN / SPY-1 radar antennas), are designed for an overpressure of 0.5 kg / cm² during an explosion, which is more than 2 times higher than previously accepted in military shipbuilding USA standard value equal to 0.21 kg / cm². To reduce hydroacoustic signature, Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are equipped with systems that supply air to the underwater part of the ship (Masker system) and to the edges of the propeller blades (PRAIRIE system). As a result of the operation of the latter system, a cloud of air bubbles is formed, distorting and smoothing the acoustic signal of the ship. A ship using the PRAIRIE system can be identified by a paler and more foamy wake than usual. When using the Masker system, the trail does not start under the stern, but from about half the length of the hull.
The ships of the project received an improved system of protection against weapons mass destruction... There are no portholes in the hull and superstructures; the ship's ventilation system is equipped with automatic slams and special filters. All doors along the outer contour of the ship are equipped with air vestibules for the purpose of air insulation. Overpressure is artificially created in the inter-ship premises to prevent contaminated air from entering them. The Arleigh Burke-class destroyers also have a water protection system and decontamination posts.
By many experts, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are among the most protected destroyers of modern fleets in the world. However, the experience of the combat operation of ships forces a more balanced attitude to such statements and allows us to identify a number of significant shortcomings in the ships of this project. So on October 12, 2000, an explosion with a capacity of only 200-230 kg in TNT equivalent on the destroyer "Cole", breaking through the two-level armor protection of the central part of the hull (near the mid-frame), completely disabled the ship's gas turbine engines, depriving it of progress and control. During the explosion, the crew quarters were flooded, and one-sixth of the crew (56 people) was incapacitated (including 17 killed). Nevertheless, despite the damage received, the ship remained afloat, while the roll that arose after the explosion did not exceed 4 °.
The incident with the destroyer "Cole" once again showed that, despite the lessons of the Falklands and Iranian-Iraqi wars, not only destroyers of the Arleigh Burke type, but absolutely all modern destroyers of the URO have weak constructive protection (or do not have it at all) ... Protection of individual elements of the hull, engines and weapons with the help of Kevlar, as shown by the experience of "Cole", provides only anti-fragmentation or, at best, anti-shell protection against the action of artillery shells of light and medium caliber. From the destructive action of powerful explosive devices and anti-ship missiles, the constructive protection of all modern types destroyers cannot be protected.
To a large extent, the weak constructive protection of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers is compensated for by the powerful anti-aircraft and anti-submarine protection provided by the capabilities of the Aegis multifunctional BIUS, as well as by the introduction of thermal and acoustic signature reduction devices on the destroyers. The defeat of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers with a single anti-ship missile or torpedo is almost impossible given the combat capabilities of the system Aegis generally.
In order to increase the combat survivability of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, it is planned to equip them, starting with the USS Oscar Austin (DDG-79), with mine protection systems. In many ways, the decision to install mine protection systems on the ships of this series was due to the incident with the destroyer USS Forrest Sherman (DDG-98), when on August 8, 2007, during the visit of the latter to Sevastopol, 300 m from the destroyer, a German 480-kg a galvanized anchor ship mine of the Great Patriotic War with an explosive power equal to 50 kg in TNT equivalent. The mine was safely defused by the joint actions of the divers. Black Sea Fleet Russia and the Ukrainian Navy. As a result of mine clearance, the American destroyer was not damaged.
The equipment of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers includes two 24-foot (7.32 m) semi-rigid inflatable search and rescue boats RHIB or RIB (abbreviated from English rigid hull inflatable boats), stored on davits on the starboard side. A commercial crane is used for lowering and lifting RHIB boats. The Arleigh Burke destroyers' equipment also includes 15 life rafts, each of which is designed for 25 people.
Armament
Aegis system
Aegis (eng.Aegis combat system) is a multifunctional combat information and control system (BIUS), which is an organizational and technical union of shipborne means of lighting the situation, defeat and control based on widespread implementation automated systems combat control (ASBU). In addition, the system is capable of receiving and processing information from sensors of other ships / aircraft of the compound and issuing target designations to their launchers. Thus, the system can support the commander of the air defense unit, although it cannot fully automate all air defense functions. Typically, however, this role is played not by destroyers, but by URO cruisers.
The main components (subsystems) of the Aegis multifunctional weapon system:
- helicopter of the LAMPS subsystem;
- helicopter subsystem equipment LAMPS Mark З;
- Radar for detecting air and surface targets;
- friend-or-foe identification station;
- electronic warfare subsystem AN / SLQ-32;
- navigation equipment;
- BIUS PLO with in-body Gus ;
- terminal equipment of a digital radio communication line (LINK-11);
- automated command and control subsystem (Mark 1);
- automated subsystem for coordinated control of shipborne weapon systems (Mark 1);
- radar control unit with HEADLIGHT;
- antenna and transceiver parts of the multifunctional radar;
- an automated subsystem for checking the functioning, search and localization of faults;
- information display subsystem;
- radio communication equipment;
- terminal devices of a digital radio communication line;
- launcher for passive jamming subsystem;
- automated subsystem for artillery fire control;
- SAM "Aegis";
- launchers for shipboard missile launchers, missiles and PLUR;
- automated fire control subsystem CD "Tomahawk" ;
- automated fire control subsystem ASM "Harpoon" ;
- anti-aircraft artillery system "Volcano-Falanx" ;
- automated subsystem of anti-submarine weapon fire control.
The main components (subsystems) of the Aegis multifunctional weapon system are closely interconnected. The controls and controls of the system are general, that is, they are used in the interests of each element and the entire system as a whole. These tools include OMVK and the display subsystem.
The Aegis system also includes a display subsystem, which can include up to 22 multifunctional consoles (MFP) with displays of the tactical situation, including four commanders (the latter display a generalized situation). The display equipment is located in the combat information center (CIC) of the ship. Functionally, the display equipment is subdivided into the following circuits: processing tactical information, evaluating this information and making a decision, air defense, anti-submarine warfare, countering surface ships and striking the coast.
The range of weapons for the destroyers "Arlee Burke"
The armament of the Arleigh Burke destroyers of different sub-series is quite different. The main weapons of all 53 active ships of this type are two Mark 41 VLS vertical launch units. The standard set of weapons for the UVP destroyers of the first two sub-series consists of 74 anti-aircraft missiles RIM-66 SM-2 .8 cruise missiles BGM-109 Tomahawk (and 8 anti-submarine missiles RUM-139 VL-Asroc in a multi-purpose version or from 56 cruise missiles BGM-109 Tomahawk and 34 missiles RIM-66 SM-2 and RUM-139 VL-Asroc in a shock version.
On the IIA series destroyers, the total number of missiles carried by the ship has increased from 90 to 96. The standard armament set for the UVP of series III destroyers consists of 74 RIM-66 SM-2 missiles, 24 missiles RIM-7 Sea Sparrow (four per cell), 8 BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles and 8 RUM-139 VL-Asroc anti-submarine guided missiles.
Artillery
The main artillery armament of ships of the "Arleigh Burke" type is a lightweight 127-mm Mark 45 artillery mount ... In the mod. 2, it was installed on the first 30 destroyers of the type (DDG-51-DDG-80), in the mod. 4 - on all other destroyers, starting with USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81). Standard ammunition for the Mark 45 Mod. 2 - 680 unitary rounds Mark 68, Mark 80, Mark 91, Mark 116, Mark 127 or Mark 156. Range over the horizon - 23 km, maximum rate of fire - 20 rounds per minute. The mass of the gun mount is only 24.6 tons.
Weight and rate of fire of the Mark 45 Mod. 4 remained the same as in previous modifications. The firing range of high-explosive fragmentation projectiles has been increased from 23 to 37 km; active-reactive ammunition ERGM and BTERM with a flight range of up to 116 km have been introduced into the ammunition load. Standard ammunition for the Mark 45 Mod. 4 increased due to changes in the design of the artillery cellar. There are the following options for completing the artillery mount ammunition - 700 high-explosive fragmentation shots or 400 active-reactive ERGM shots or (in a mixed version of ammunition) 232 high-explosive fragmentation shots + 232 ERGM or BTERM shots. It usually takes 16 hours to fully reload the artillery magazine of the destroyers "Arleigh Burke".
Anti-ship and anti-submarine weapons
On the ships of the first two series, two quad units are installed in the stern section. ASM "Harpoon" ... The main anti-submarine weapons of the Arleigh Burke-class ships are LAMPS-III helicopters. Onboard weapons are anti-submarine guided missiles (PLUR) RUM-139 VL-Asroc ... They are capable of striking submarines at a distance of up to 20 km from the PLUR carrier ship.
As auxiliary anti-submarine weapons on destroyers of all three series, there are two triple Mk. 32. Ammunition - 6 anti-submarine torpedoes Mk. 46 or Mk. 50. The maximum firing range of torpedoes is 10 km. There is no provision for recharging them. On ships of the IIA series, the Harpoon anti-ship missile complexes were abandoned due to the requirement to reduce the cost of the ship. The torpedo tubes on the IIA ships were retained.
Air defense
The main component of the destroyers' air defense is the Aegis air defense system, which has the same name with the multi-functional BIUS. The air defense system can include, depending on the distribution of ammunition, from 34 to 74 anti-aircraft missiles Standard-2ER missiles RIM-67B (1981, maximum firing range - 128 km), RIM-67C (1981, maximum firing range - 185 km), RIM-156 (Standard-2ER Block IV, 1999, maximum firing range - 240 km), currently all new destroyers are armed with anti-aircraft guided missiles Standard-3 with a doubled (up to 500 km) launch range and virtually unlimited launch altitude (up to 250 km) by the Earth's atmosphere.
Without fail, ships of series I and II were equipped with two rapid-fire six-barreled anti-aircraft artillery mounts of caliber 20 mm "Volcano-Falanx" designed for completing anti-ship missiles at a distance of up to 1.5 km, if they break through a sufficiently powerful ship's air defense system. One ZAK is located immediately in front of the setting and one behind it. On the ships of the IIA series, the Vulcan-Falanx anti-aircraft artillery systems (ZAK) were abandoned due to the requirement to reduce the cost of the destroyers of the project, but they were nevertheless installed on the first 6 ships of the IIA series. Instead of the ZAK "Vulcan-Phalanx", the weapons of destroyers of the IIA series were included anti-aircraft missile system self defense RIM-7 Sea Sparrow (24 missiles in 6 containers of the VLS Mark 41 system).
Tactical strike weapons
Each Arleigh Burke-class destroyer is armed with up to 56 cruise missiles BGM-109 Tomahawk Block 3 (with a launch range of up to 1250-1609 km in the tactical (non-nuclear) version and 2500 km in the strategic (nuclear)). In 2004, the Tactical Tomahawk cruise missile (a modernized version of the Tomahawk, English Tactical Tomahawk Block 4).
Aviation
Due to the absence of a helicopter hangar on ships of the I-II series, only 1 helicopter can be temporarily based SH-60 Sea Hawk ... The ammunition store, located next to the helicopter deck, stores helicopter weapons (up to 9 Mark-46 torpedoes). There is also an aviation fuel tank. But maintenance or repair of helicopters is not provided.
Additional weapons
Arleigh Burke destroyers have installed 4 12.7 mm machine gun M2HB ... As an option, it is possible to install 25-mm Bushmaster assault rifles. They have a small elevation angle, and are unsuitable for anti-aircraft fire.
Overall project assessment
The Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are generally recognized as one of the best types of guided missile destroyers. In relation to destroyers such as "Arleigh Burke", there are even such assessments as "one of best ships the end of the XX century ". Ships of the type are capable of successfully operating in a variety of conditions, as in Peaceful time and during the periods of its participation in wars and military operations, while performing a wide variety of tasks: from launching missile strikes on enemy territory to anti-aircraft, anti-ship and anti-submarine defense of ships and naval formations of the US Navy. During the design of the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, American designers managed to achieve a rare harmony of seaworthiness, well-thought-out naval architecture and powerful strike weapons.
Having become a kind of role model, destroyers of the Arleigh Burke class, since their inception, have determined the development paths of destroyer-class ships in practically all major navies of the world, with the exception of the fleets of India, China and Russia. At the same time, it should be noted that for the American shipbuilding the destroyers of the "Arleigh Burke" type are already a "passed stage"; to replace them, on an experimental basis, the construction of destroyers of the "Zamvolt" type has begun, which, in turn, will become a kind of "testing ground" for testing promising ship technologies and new ship weapon systems. Nevertheless, until the mid-2030s (before the start of the massive withdrawal from the US Navy of Series II destroyers), destroyers of the Arleigh Burke class will form the backbone of the American fleet.
In June 2011, the US Naval Command announced its plans for the future of US Navy destroyers. Promising destroyers of the Zumwalt type proved to be too expensive for mass production, so it was decided to leave the Arleigh Burk project as the main destroyer of the Navy. In addition, the fleet will be replenished with ships of the Orly Burke class until the early thirties of this century. During this time, American shipyards will assemble two dozen destroyers. Based on the usual service life of the United States Navy ships, it can be assumed that the last ship of the "Orly Burke" type will be withdrawn from the fleet only in the seventies of this century. Apparently, the US Navy command has its own considerations that make it possible to fit these destroyers into such a distant prospect.
To ensure an advantage over the Soviet Navy in the mid-70s, American sailors wished to receive destroyers of a new project. The recently appeared "Spruyens", although they were modern ships, still did not have great prospects and required, if not replacement, then at least a serious addition. In addition to this, the Spruance class destroyers, despite the available weapons, in official documents were listed as ordinary destroyers, and the time and situation required full-fledged URO destroyers (with a guided missile). The work on the formation of the appearance of the new ship and the technical specifications for it took several years and the competition for the development began only in 1980. It took seven shipbuilding companies at once to create competitive advance projects about three years, after which three contestants remained: Bath Iron Works, Ingalls Shipbuilding and Todd Shipyard. The third company was never able to get the "attention" of the tender committee, which is why the construction of the first two ships of the new project was entrusted to Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding, respectively. The project, as well as its lead ship, was named after Admiral Orly Albert Burke, who commanded various destroyer formations for most of the Second World War. The Bath Iron Works contract for $ 322 million was awarded in April 85th. However, the total cost of the lead destroyer turned out to be several times higher. Taking into account all electronic equipment, weapons, etc. it cost the Pentagon $ 1.1 billion.
Construction on the USS Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) began in late 1988, and was commissioned on Independence Day 1991. Subsequently, two dozen more similar ships were built by two shipyards - Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding. The first two dozen ships of the new project were made in accordance with the first version of the project, which was named Flight I. However, soon after the start of construction of the head project of the first series, American shipbuilders began to modernize. As a result, ordered back in 1992 destroyer USS Mahan was being completed as the first ship of the second series. The construction of the destroyers of the Flight II version was of a more modest scale: only seven ships. It is argued that the small second series was originally seen as a transitional link from the first to the third. And so it happened, however, contrary to the logic, the new version of the project had in the index not a triple, but the designation IIA. This line turned out to be the most numerous. On the this moment 34 Orly Burke IIA destroyers were built and construction continues. According to the old plans, the total number of ships was supposed to be 75, but so far only 62 are ready. Most likely, those 24 destroyers that will be ordered later will be made according to the next version of the project.
All existing series of ships - I, II and IIA - have only minor design differences. They are caused by the features of the installed equipment and the features of the operation of helicopters. The rest of the design is the same. "Orly Burke" of all three series are single-hull ships with a long forecastle. It is noteworthy that the overwhelming majority of the ship's hull parts are made of high-strength steel grades. The fact is that after the Second World War, American shipbuilders began to actively use aluminum parts in the construction of ships of this class. In engineering terms, this was a good start, but the experience of battles with the participation of aluminum ships forced them to return to steel. On the Orly Burke destroyers, only a few parts are made of aluminum, for example, masts. The low-slung hull has a relatively small camber in the bow and a relatively wide middle part. This shape of the hull slightly increases water resistance, but improves stability and reduces roll. On ships of the IIA series, a bow bulb was added, which compensated for the deterioration of the flow due to the peculiarities of the hull contours. Watertight bulkheads divide the internal volume of the hull into 13 compartments. It is curious that the lower decks have a layout that allows you to move around the ship without restrictions without leaving the upper deck. This is done so that the crew is not at risk if the enemy uses weapons of mass destruction. In addition to specially designed interiors, protection of the crew from chemical, biological and nuclear weapons carried out by a special ventilation system with multiple filtration of the air taken from outside.
The Orly Burke was the first American destroyer to feature stealth hull and superstructure. To reduce radar signature, the outer surface of the ship's superstructure consists of several large flat panels, mated at sharp angles, which leads to a noticeable scatter of radio waves. Chimney casings are made in the same way. In addition, the exhaust power plant before being discharged, it passes through a special mixing chamber, where it is mixed with atmospheric air and cooled. As a result, Orly Burke-class ships have almost half the radar and thermal signatures than their Spruens-class predecessors. The use of large parts that reduce visibility, among other things, made it possible to make the ship's design modular. Due to this, it takes 10-15 weeks from the laying of the ship to its launching.
The twin-shaft power plant of the Orly Burke destroyers of all series includes four LM2500 gas turbine engines manufactured by General Electric. Each engine is equipped with a thermal insulation circuit, which reduces fuel consumption by almost a quarter, and is mounted on shock-absorbing mounts that reduce noise. The entire power plant of the ship is a single module, which, if necessary, can be dismantled entirely. The maximum possible power of the power plant is in the range of 100-105 thousand horsepower. All destroyers of all series have three Allison 2500 gas turbine engines as backup engines. Power of the main and backup engines is transmitted to two shafts that rotate five-blade variable-pitch propellers.
Destroyers of the Orly Burke project are capable of speeds up to 32 knots, but the maximum cruising range is achieved at an economic speed of 20 knots. In this case, the destroyers of the first series can travel up to 4400 nautical miles, and the ships of the II and IIA series - half a thousand miles more. At the same time, some American sources claim that reducing the speed to 18 knots could bring the cruising range to six thousand miles. However, there are some doubts about this.
The first 28 Orly Burke-class ships (series I and II) had a crew of 320-350 people: 22-25 officers and 300-330 sailors, warrant officers, etc. The difference in numbers was due to some differences in armament and in the number of helicopters. On ships of the IIA series, the required amount crew in a number of services and added a maintenance group for two helicopters. All this led to an increase in the crew to 380 people (32 officers). The Americans especially note the fact that designers and specialists in ergonomics participated in the planning of the living quarters of the Orly Burke ships. Due to this, with an area of about four square meters per person managed to create all the necessary conditions for a normal life.
The weapons of the Orly Burke destroyers include many systems, but its basis is the Aegis control system (read "aegis"). This multifunctional combat information and control system (CIUS) combines a whole set of detection, control and destruction means. The Aegis includes a multifunctional radar with a phased antenna array, radar for detecting air and surface targets, electronic warfare equipment, communication equipment, etc. In addition, Aegis has a number of subsystems for outputting information, transmitting data to other ships, and direct weapons control systems.
The weapons of the Orly Burke destroyers are based on missiles of various types. In the bow and stern parts of ships of all series, there are universal silo launchers Mk 41. On ships of series I and II, the bow and stern launchers have 30 and 60 cells, respectively. On the IIA series, the number of cells has increased to 32 and 64. A transport and launch container with a BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missile, SM-2 or SM-3 anti-aircraft missile or a block of four containers with RIM-7 Sea Sparrow anti-aircraft missiles can be placed in one cell ... The equipment of the launcher makes it possible to simultaneously prepare for launching 16 missiles of various types and to launch them at a rate of one missile per second. Besides launchers The Mk 41 has several cranes for loading TPK with missiles. However, the features of the crane equipment and the design of the destroyer do not allow the reloading of Tomahawk or SM-2/3 missiles from supply ships. Loading of such weapons is possible only in base conditions. This disadvantage is compensated for by the flexibility of the armament range: if the ship is to attack ground targets, it will receive Tomahawks, if the ship will perform the functions of air defense, it will be loaded with Sea Sparrow or SM-2/3.
The "main caliber" of the destroyers' artillery weapons is the 127-mm Mk 45 mount. At the same time, the Mk 45 Mod. 2, the rest - Mk 45 Mod. 4. An installation with bulletproof armor can aim a 127-mm rifled gun in the range from -15 ° to + 65 ° vertically and in almost all directions horizontally, of course, with the exception of the sector covered by the ship's superstructure. The rate of fire of Mk 45 conventional projectiles reaches 20 rounds per minute, and in the case of guided ammunition, it drops by half. The maximum firing range of an unguided projectile for the Mk 45 mod. 4 is 35-38 kilometers. When using a guided missile ERGM, this figure increases to 115 kilometers. In the artillery cellar of the Orly Burke destroyers, ammunition load of 680 rounds of various types fits. It takes about 15-16 hours to load all this number of shells.
Anti-aircraft artillery "Orly Burke" can be equipped with various types of weapons. On the ships of series I, II, as well as on the first few destroyers of the IIA series, six-barreled 20-mm anti-aircraft guns Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS were installed with a rate of fire of up to 3000 rounds per minute. Fewer ships were equipped with 25-mm Bushmaster automatic cannons, and almost all Orly Burks have several (from three to six) Browning M2HB heavy machine guns on board. Despite their original designation, the M2HB and Bushmaster are ineffective for air defense. Therefore, they are used only for training personnel and firing at small targets, such as light boats and motor boats.
To destroy more serious surface targets, destroyers of all three series have two Mk 32 triple torpedo tubes with a total ammunition load of six torpedoes. It can be Mk 46 or Mk 50. When creating the Orly Burke destroyers, the main emphasis was placed on missile armament, so the reloading of torpedo tubes by the crew after all six torpedoes have been fired is not envisaged. In early versions of the project, engineers considered the possibility of using depth charges on the Orly Burke, but this tactical and technical solution did not reach even Flight I.
One SH-60 helicopter could be based on the deck of the ships of the first and second series. Near landing pad housed a tank for kerosene and a small "warehouse" with weapons - nine torpedoes Mk 46. On helicopters designed to be based on destroyers "Orly Burke", the anti-submarine system LAMPS-3 is installed, integrated into the general BIUS Aegis. Due to the limited volumes of the ships of the first two series, they did not have any means of maintenance or repair of the helicopter, other than those that are on board. Thus, any more or less serious breakdowns led to the fact that the ship was left without rotary-winged "eyes". When creating a version of the IIA project, these shortcomings were taken into account and the shipbuilders made a special helicopter hangar in the aft part of the ship's hull, due to which the destroyer's aviation group doubled. This is what required the introduction of an aircraft maintenance group into the crew. Also, the engineers have increased the volume of the arsenal for helicopter weapons: the Orly Burke IIA series can hold up to 40 torpedoes, air-to-ground missiles of various types and even several MANPADS.
The Orly Burke-class destroyers have participated in several military conflicts, starting almost from the very beginning of their service. Iraq in 1996, 1998 and 2003, Yugoslavia in 1999 and several other operations. Thanks to its a large number(at the moment there are sixty ships in service) these destroyers are involved in almost every campaign of the American Navy. However, in Russia these ships are better known for the "mission" of the destroyer USS McFaul (DDG-74), which he carried out in August 2008. Let us remind you that then, a few days after the end of the notorious "War of the Three Eights", this ship brought 55 tons of humanitarian cargo to the Georgian port of Batumi.
In addition to combat successes and an interesting design, the Orly Burke destroyers are, in some way, champions in the American fleet. The fact is that with a total displacement of about 8500 tons (series I), 9000 tons (series II) and 9650 (series IIA), the Orly Burke is the most massive American warship with a displacement of more than five thousand tons. This fact suggests that this type of ships is an undoubted success of the American shipbuilding industry. Also in favor of the success of the project is the fact that the Japanese became interested in it at one time. In 1993-1995, four Congo-class destroyers joined the Japanese naval self-defense forces. In fact, these are the same Orly Burke, but modified in such a way as to comply with the legal characteristics of the Japanese fleet.
Like any other project, "Orly Burke" over time had to be replaced with newer technology. But, unfortunately for the US Navy, a promising URO destroyer project called Zumwalt turned out to be much more expensive than planned. Thanks to this failure of the Zamvolt, Orly Burke will remain in service in the future. When these ships were adopted, it was planned that they would serve for about 35 years. But the lack of the possibility of mass production of the Zumwalt destroyers forced the command of the American fleet to begin the creation of a new version of the project (series III) last year and outline plans to purchase 24 ships in excess of the 75 already ordered. Together with the assumption about the possible duration of service "Orly Burke" until the seventies of the current century, this could help these destroyers set another record. This time regarding the service life.
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URO destroyers of the Orpi Burke type, equipped with a gas-turbine power plant, replaced the Kuntz-type URO-type destroyers and the Legi and Belknap-type URO cruisers.
Initially it was assumed that it would be cheaper than the Ticonderoga-class cruiser, a ship with less combat capabilities. However, it became a multipurpose warship with very large combat capabilities, based on the availability of modern weapons and other combat systems.
The URO destroyer Orpi Burke (DDG 51) became the first large American warship to be built using stealth technology, which reduced the ship's radar signature. Initially, it was planned to use these ships in confrontation with the Soviet Navy, but at present they carry out anti-aircraft, anti-submarine and anti-ship defense of the advanced groups of the US Navy, and also strike ground targets during operations in crisis regions.
The hull configuration of these ships significantly improved their seaworthiness and made it possible to maintain high speed course in difficult sea conditions. The structures of the ship, except for the masts, made of aluminum alloys to reduce weight, are made of steel. Combat posts and EU premises are additionally protected by Kevlar armor. Surprisingly, destroyers of this type were the first ships in the US Navy, capable of conducting fighting in conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction due to the complete sealing of the hull and superstructures.
The AN / SPY-1D radar with phased antenna arrays has significantly increased the capabilities of the AEGIS system, especially when the enemy is using electronic warfare.
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The AEGIS system is capable of repelling a massive attack by existing and future cruise missiles on ships of the American group. A conventional radar with a rotating antenna "sees" a target when the antenna beam illuminates it once per full rotation around its axis. To track this target, another radar is required.
In the radar station of the AEGIS system, these processes are combined. Four antennas with phased antenna arrays of the SPY-1D radar radiate energy in all directions at once, providing constant search and tracking at the same time. The SPY-1D radar and the Mk 99 fire control system ensure long-range destruction of enemy aircraft and cruise missiles with Standard missiles launched from the UVP. For self-defense used ZAK "Phalanx" Block 1.
The US Navy planned to have in combat strength by 2004, 57 Orly Burke-class destroyers, however, budgetary restrictions imposed by the US Congress pushed this deadline to 2008. One of the criticized elements of the design of these ships was the absence of a helicopter hangar, although the first 28 destroyers have a platform for the SH-60 helicopter.
The helicopter hangar is installed on the PA series destroyers. They are also equipped with an oversized UVP, a new 127-mm gun mount and an improved REV.
The USS Arleigh Burke (DDG 51) missile destroyer is the lead Arleigh Burke-class destroyer built for the US Navy. Named after Admiral Arleigh A. Burke, who fought in Pacific During the Second World War.
It was built at the Bath Iron Works shipyard in Bath, Maine. The construction contract was signed on April 02, 1985. The keel-laying ceremony took place on 6 December 1988. Launched on September 16, 1989. The ship was sponsored by the wife of Admiral Arlie Albert Burke, after whom it was named. The admiral himself was present at the ceremony of entering the ship into the Atlantic Fleet on July 4, 1991 in Norfolk. Home port is a naval base in Norfolk, Virginia.
Main characteristics: Full displacement 6630 tons. Length 153.92 meters, width 20.1 meters, draft 9.3 meters. Maximum speed of 32 knots. Cruising range 4400 nautical miles at 20 knots. The crew is 337 people, including 23 officers.
Engines: 4 General Electric LM2500-30 gas turbine units, with a total capacity of 108,000 hp. Mover 2.
Armament:
Tactical strike weapons: 2 Aegis launchers for 29 (bow) and 61 (aft) missile cells, respectively. They can arm themselves in various combinations: Tomahawk missile launcher Tomahawk, RIM-66 SM-2 Standard-2 missile defense system, RUM-139 ASROC PLUR.
Artillery: 1x1 127 mm. AU Mark 45. Mod. 2/54 cal., 680 rounds.
Anti-aircraft artillery: Two 6-barrel 20 mm. ZAU "Falanx".
Missile armament: 2x4 Harpoon anti-ship missiles up to 74 RIM-66 SM-2 Standard-2 missiles.
Anti-submarine weapons: PLUR RUM-139 ASROC.
Mine-torpedo armament: 2x3 324 mm. TA Mk. 32 (torpedoes Mk. 46 and Mk. 50).
Aviation group: 1 SH-60 LAMPS helicopter, no hangar.
In 1993 he took part in the "Provide Promise" operation.
During the second combat deployment of the ship in 1995, he arrived in the Mediterranean and participated in the air security of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
During his third sea voyage in 1998, he visited the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Red and Black Seas as a participant in numerous naval exercises with the participation of the US Navy.
During the fourth long-range cruise of the ship in 2000-2001, she served in the Mediterranean and Red Seas and in the Persian Gulf, ensuring the implementation of UN sanctions against Iraq and conducting joint naval exercises with US partners in the military-strategic sphere.
During its fifth deployment, which lasted from January to June 2003, the destroyer, along with other ships of the carrier strike group formed around the aircraft carrier, participated in Operation Enduring Freedom. During this military campaign, the destroyer attacked targets in Iraq with Tomahawk cruise missiles, escorted merchant and military auxiliary vessels, and also fought piracy in the Gulf of Aden. During deployment, spent almost 93 percent of the time at sea.
In October 2007, he was involved in anti-piracy operations in Somalia.
In 2009 it was deployed to east coast Africa.
Arrived at BAE Systems Ship Repair in Norfolk, Virginia in August 2010 to upgrade the ship's systems and extend its service life to 40 years.
On September 23, 2014, he launched a Tomahawk rocket from the Red Sea at ground targets in Syria.
Left home port for planned deployment on 28 August 2018. In September, conducting operations in the area of responsibility of the US Sixth Fleet as part of an aircraft carrier strike group. October 25 with a scheduled visit to the port of Haifa, Israel.
In one of our articles, we have already touched on the topic American destroyers... There we gave general information about the entire history of destroyers, and now we decided to give a complete picture of the modern destroyer of the Arleigh Burke class, which is the only (apart from 2 Zumwalt-class destroyers) representative of the destroyer family of the American fleet. “The only one” I named it because the destroyers of the “Zumwalt” series did not meet the expectations of the naval command and have a high construction price, which led to their withdrawal from mass production (it is planned to build a maximum of 1 more destroyer of this type). As a result, it was decided to continue the serial construction of the Arleigh Burke warships.
History of creation
The time of the Cold War consists of changes, confrontation and warming. By the late 1960s, the governments of the Soviet Union and the United States had come to a general consensus that the risk of nuclear war could have dire consequences for both sides and the world in general. Therefore, since the early 1970s, the focus has been more on the detente of nuclear weapons. However, the rivalry did not end there, but simply switched from weapons of mass destruction to conventional ones.
Design
From point of view navy, The US wanted to maintain its advantage. But the destroyers built in the 1970s, the Spruence, did not meet the standards of the changed policy. The main disadvantage of the Spruance destroyers is the lack of missile control. After the missile defense system appeared, the Naval Command decided to create a new type of destroyers to supplement the Spruence destroyers and replace the old ones. The first destroyer project with an URO system appeared in the 1980th year. This project was supposed to give America a significant advantage over in terms of destroyers. Seven shipbuilding companies have proposed their projects for a new type of ship. In 1983, only 3 companies remained, and in 1985, 2 shipyards won the construction tender: Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding.
Building
This type of destroyer was named "Arleigh Burke" by the ex-head of naval operations (Eisenhover and Kennedy administration), Admiral Arlee Burke, who proved himself as a real leader and strategist during the Second World and Korean Wars... The first ship also received the name of the admiral.
The Arleigh Burke destroyer was built in a year and was launched in 1989 with the participation of the ex-leader's wife (the complete process of building the ship took a little over a year), and entered service with the US Navy on June 4, 1991 ( 2 years was on trials). The admiral himself was present at the ceremony.
After successful tests of the destroyer, which took place from September 1, 1989 to June 1, 1991, the mass construction of this type of combat ships was approved. Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding have received orders for another twenty Arleigh Burke-class ships.
Like all military hardware, the Arlie Burke is not a cheap treat. On average, the price of each vessel cost America a little more than 1 billion rubles. dollars (in 1985 1.1 billion, in 2009 1.25 billion). Moreover, there are the costs of servicing the ships. Every 2 years, the destroyers undergo planned repairs, where from 20 to 25 million dollars are spent on each. Considering that 62 "Arleigh Burks" are in the US Navy, then every 2 years, on average, 1.4 billion rubles are spent on repairs. dollars.
general characteristics
The latest destroyer model has a length of 153.9 m, a width of 20.1 m, a displacement of 8,900 tons, a power of 108,000 hp, a maximum speed of 32 knots, a range of 4,400 miles (at an optimal speed of 20 knots).
Design and general data
Destroyers of the Arleigh Burke class differ slightly from the Spruence in terms of technology, material, weapons and the hull itself.
The Arleigh Burke family is divided into 3 models (“I”, “II” and “IIA”). Each model is an indicator of modern technologies and weapons, as a result of which the destroyer was modernized, changed internally or externally. Therefore, in order to describe the design to you, we will analyze each of the models separately. We will analyze the topics related to general data and differences in the hull here, and we will analyze the topic of weapons separately.
Model "I"
The construction of the building is carried out according to a modular system, i.e. first, separate blocks are prepared, then they are assembled into one whole. This was facilitated by the design of the ship itself, which was designed using the Stealth technology. Arlie Burke are the first destroyers to be built on the Stealth principle. In this regard, the very concept of the ship consists of sharp corners and a minimum of unnecessary on an open deck, which increases the scatter of radio waves. Moreover, ships of this type are equipped with a radio wave absorption system. The chimneys of the ship have a similar system for reducing heat waves. Hot air is interchanged with cold air before it leaves the chimney, thereby reducing their visibility on enemy thermal radars. Due to the innovations listed above, "Arleigh Burke" has 2 times less visibility on radar and thermal radars from its predecessors "Spruence". And the modular system made the construction of the building in only 10-15 months.
By general characteristics The Arlie Burke is a classic single-hull ship with an increased waterline length and a low-slung hull. After the lessons learned by the Allies (Great Britain) in the Falklands War, as well as incidents (fires on ships) that occurred in the US Navy, the ship's hull for the first time in a long time became steel again (before that it was aluminum). The bow of the new hull has full contours, and the branches of the bow frame have a small camber. Despite the fact that because of this, the destroyer may have lost a little in speed and range, for that she received better stability (sheer swing decreased) and seaworthiness.
Due to the danger of weapons of mass destruction, the design of the destroyer URO "Arleigh Burke" allows personnel to get to any part of the ship without leaving the open deck. The destroyer consists of 13 compartments, 3 decks (2 internal and 1 open) and has a double bottom (increases the quality of survivability).
In total, 21 Model I destroyers were built.
Model "II"
In general, this model does not have any significant changes from the first. Here is a list of all the innovations of the new model:
- Improved crew living conditions;
- Reduced fuel consumption due to minor changes to the bow;
- Reduced cavitation noise thanks to new system screws;
- Increased metacentric height;
- Increased armor thickness.
In total, 7 model II destroyers were built.
Model "IIA"
The third model has significant changes both in the hull and in the construction technology. First, the technology of connecting already saturated modules began to be used, which clearly simplified its construction. The length of the hull was increased by 1.37 m, the width remained the same. Due to this small change in length, we were able to deliver a full-fledged hangar for servicing the helicopter. Experts consider this to be one of the main changes in the new model. the lack of a hangar put at risk airmobility, submarine protection, reconnaissance and auxiliary features if the helicopter fails. Accordingly, the crew of the ship (the group serving the helicopter) increased. Moreover, satellite communications and the Internet appeared on the ship.
A total of 34 IIA destroyers were built.
Armament of the destroyer "Arlie Burke"
The main destroyer of the United States Navy has a variety of different systems weapons and installations, but of all I want to highlight the "Aegis" control system, with the advent of which the role of destroyers in the system of the armed forces has radically changed. Therefore, of all the weapons, the first thing to do is to disassemble it.
Aegis Management System
With the advent of Aegis control system technologies, destroyers were able to independently destroy any targets in the air, on land or in water. Aegis is a multidisciplinary combat information and control system that is responsible for integrating ship's information, control and destruction systems. In other words, the Aegis system is the central bank of all data that comes from many of the ship's subsystems, thus creating a clear picture of the action. Of course, the bank is important for almost all systems / subsystems, but especially for the ship's weapons system.
However, according to some experts, this multifunctional "miracle" has its drawbacks. Basically, they are associated with the blind radar "AN / SPY-1", which responds poorly to low-flying targets.
Artillery
The main artillery weapon of the Arleigh Burke family is gun mount 127-mm class "Mark 45". In different periods of time, these installations had different characteristics. Nowadays, a 127mm "Mark45 Mod 4" class mount is used, which allows firing 20 rounds per minute at a maximum distance of 37 km. (high-explosive fragmentation) up to 115 km. ("ERGM" and "BTERM") depending on the class of the projectile.
Flak
Anti-aircraft artillery has undergone the most modernization. While the "I" and "II" models had 6-barrel Vulcan-Falanx systems, now the destroyers are equipped with RIM-7 Sea Sparrow in the amount of 24 pieces. The main armament is Standard-3 cruise missiles with a range of up to 500 km. and "Tactical Tamaghawk" with a maximum range of up to 2500 km. Each destroyer carries up to 56 Tamahawk cruise missiles.
Mine torpedo armament
The main anti-submarine security system is LAMPS-III class helicopters. Onboard armament - PLUR class "RUM-39 VL-Asroc" and torpedo complex "Mk32". On the last model of the destroyer, due to financial aspects, the Harpoon-class anti-ship missiles were decommissioned.
Aircraft weapons
After the hull was modernized and a helicopter hangar appeared on the deck, it became possible to maintain 2 SH-60 Sea Hawk helicopters. These helicopters can use Hellfire and Penguin air-to-ground missiles, Mark-46/51 torpedo submarines, and provide air support to groups of allied forces.
Interesting cases that happened with "Arlie Burke"
Destroyers of the "Arlie Burke" type have been in operation for over 25 years, they have completed many tasks on their account. These were mainly tactical exercises, but sometimes combat services held in hot spots of the last 3 decades. Therefore, we will analyze only a few cases.
Destroyer "Cole" and the terrorist attack in Aden
The destroyer "Cole", belonging to the first model "Arleigh Burke", has an incident in 2000 that showed the world that the booking of destroyers is not so strong. When the Cole docked in Aden, Yemen to resupply food, she was later subjected to a terrorist attack. From the explosion of 200-250 kg of explosives by suicide bombers on the left side, a hole 6 * 12m was formed, as a result of which 17 people died and 39 were injured. The engine compartment, cabins, dining room, propeller shaft are in a bad state.
Donald Cook and the Russian Air Force
While the Donald Cook was in the Baltic Sea in 2014, the Russian SU-24 fighter flew over the destroyer more than 10 times and used an electronic attack, after which the Aegis control system malfunctioned.
Destroyer "Porter"
After using Tamaghawk cruise missiles, Porter successfully neutralized the Syrian military base in April 2017.
Project evaluation
Undoubtedly, the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are considered to be high-class representatives of their kind. However, everyone knows very well that nothing is perfect. Therefore, despite the shortcomings of this type of destroyer, we can say that the Arlie Burke are worthy combat ships of our time.
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