Dagger system. Aviation missile system "Dagger". Tactical and technical characteristics of the air defense system Kinzhal

1960s in our country and abroad, the first ship-based low-altitude anti-aircraft missile systems were developed - "Osa-M", "Sea Sparrow", "Sea Ket" and "Sea Wolf", which forced once again to reconsider the tactics of naval aviation.
Previously, the Americans, relying on overwhelming superiority in surface ships, rested on the laurels of their victories in the Pacific War and hoped to sink the ships of a potential enemy with air strikes with conventional, unguided weapons.

By the beginning of the 1970s. the equipping of the Soviet fleet with anti-aircraft missiles, its rapid quantitative growth, the exit for permanent military service in the Mediterranean Sea and other areas of the World Ocean forced the Americans to consider it as a serious enemy. They had to equip aircraft with guided missile and bomb weapons, i.e. to a certain extent catch up with the Soviet naval aviation, which has already become missile-carrying. This was also facilitated by the experience of the Vietnam War that was going on in those years, which showed that effective destruction of even stationary small-sized objects is achievable only with the use of guided weapons. And the ships, not only move, but also energetically maneuver under the threat of a bomb attack. In addition to the possibility of hitting a target with one or two ammunition, the transition to guided weapons ensured at least the relative safety of its carriers. The launch was carried out from a distance exceeding the range of actual fire, not only anti-aircraft artillery, but also self-defense missile systems.

In addition, also in the “race for the Soviets” mode, ship-based cruise missiles were also created abroad, the most common of which were the Exoset and Harpoon. Unlike their Soviet counterparts, they were characterized by small dimensions and weight, which made it possible to gradually equip almost all new ships of the United States and their allies, starting with corvettes and frigates, with them.

In the 1970s the most urgent task of the developers of anti-aircraft missiles was the creation of an air defense system to destroy not so much aircraft as guided weapons (high-precision weapons). As targets, they had certain specifics compared to manned aircraft. Firstly, the effective scattering surface was reduced by one or two orders of magnitude compared to aircraft due to the small size and cleanliness external forms missiles. Secondly, the absence of a pilot on board made it possible to take greater risks and reduce the flight altitude to several meters above the water surface. Thirdly, the placement of several guided weapons on board the carrier aircraft greatly increased the number of targets simultaneously attacking the ship, compared with a direct bombing and assault strike by aircraft.

In general, guided weapons became, if not invulnerable, then at least extremely difficult targets for previously developed systems, which could no longer provide ship protection with an acceptable probability.

The need for a similar complex for protection against high-precision weapons was also realized by the Ground Forces. As in the development of "Osa" and "Osa-M", it was considered expedient to create for both types of Armed Forces the most unified systems with a single anti-aircraft missile.

By a resolution of the party and government of February 4, 1975, the development of the Tor air defense system for the Ground Forces and the Dagger for the Navy was given. The lead developer of the Tor complex, as before when creating the Wasp, was determined by the NIEMI (later - NPO Antey), and V.P. Efremov. However, NIEMI, extremely loaded with the ongoing hard work on the S-300V complex for the Ground Forces, they did not begin to involve the creation of a ship self-defense complex. This was entrusted to the organization that developed almost all naval air defense systems - the Altair Research Institute (chief designer - S.A. Fadeev). A single rocket for both complexes was created at the Fakel Design Bureau (chief designer - P.D. Grushin).

The new complexes have retained a number of expedient solutions implemented in the Osa air defense system - the use of cost-effective radio command guidance of missiles, the inclusion of both systems of their own radar reconnaissance targets, the use of a tail on the rocket that rotates relative to the longitudinal axis of the product. On the other hand, innovations were also required. The task of repulsing sudden massive raids required the provision of an extremely short reaction time and high fire performance of the complex. By technical means fulfillment of these tactical requirements became multi-channel, achieved through the use of a phased antenna array (PAR) in the guidance station, and vertical launch of missiles. The implementation of the latter not only eliminated the time spent on reloading the launcher and turning it towards the next incoming target, but also made it possible to avoid all the design difficulties associated with the use of a launcher hiding under the deck in the Osa-M complex.

The 9M330 solid-propellant rocket was made according to the "duck" scheme and consisted of five compartments. The first compartment was a radio-transparent fairing made of AG-4V material.

At the front end of the second compartment, made of AMG-6 alloy, a radio fuse transmitter is fixed, the antenna of which is located under the fairing. In front of the compartment, rudders, a block of four steering machines with a gas distribution system are mounted on a single board, and behind them there is a block of hot gas sources, consisting of a gas generator and a gas jet inclination system.

The third compartment, also made of AMG-6, serves to accommodate on-board equipment, the elements of which (autopilot, radio caller receiver, radio control unit, power supply) are mechanically connected by four longitudinal stringers into a monoblock, screwed to the compartment shell. To the right and left along the sides of the compartment are the receiving antennas of the radio fuse, above and below - the receiving and transmitting antennas of the radio control and radio vision unit. Further in the compartment is a high-explosive fragmentation warhead with safety mechanism.

The fourth compartment is a dual-mode solid-propellant engine, the starting thrust of which is approximately four times higher than the thrust in the cruising section. The engine housing is made of high-strength steel with rolled shell and stamped bottoms. On the rear bottom there is a seating surface for the inner bearing ring of the fifth compartment.

The fifth (tail) compartment is a wing block with a power frame and a shell made of sheet aluminum. As on the Osa-M missile system, the wing consoles are mounted on a bearing, which reduces disturbances from oblique blowing.

In the SAM of the Kinzhal complex, folding wing consoles are used, which, after leaving the container, are opened by torsion bars enclosed in cylindrical casings. In the transport position, the consoles are folded in pairs towards each other. The powder catapult is located outside the rocket body.
The application of 9M330 is as follows. When launched, the rocket is ejected by a catapult vertically upwards at a speed of about 25 m/s. The declination of the SAM at a given angle, the magnitude and direction of which are entered into the autopilot before launch, is carried out before the rocket engine is started due to the reactive force when the combustion products of a special gas generator exhaust through four two-nozzle gas distributor blocks installed at the base of the aerodynamic rudder. At the same time, missile control is provided in all three channels. The control force changes in proportion to the angle of rotation of the aerodynamic rudder. Combining the aerodynamic rudder and gas distributor into a single unit made it possible to eliminate the use of a special drive for the declination system. The gas-dynamic device tilts the rocket in the right direction, and then, before turning on the solid propellant engine, stabilizes it in the direction of the subsequent flight.

The rocket engine is launched at a height of 16-21 m from the cutoff of the launcher on command issued either after a specified one-second delay from the start, or when the rocket axis deviates from the vertical by an angle of more than 50°. As a result, almost the entire thrust impulse of the engine is spent on giving the rocket speed in the direction of the target. The rocket speed reaches 700-850 m/s at a distance of 1.5 km from the launch. The command guidance process starts from a range of 250 m. The missile is capable of practicing maneuvers with overloads up to 30 units and hits targets maneuvering with overloads up to 12 units. Due to the wide range linear dimensions possible targets (from 3-4 to 20-30 m) and their movement parameters (from 10 to 6000 m in height and from 0 to 700 m/s in speed at a distance of up to 12 km) for their optimal coverage by fragments of the warhead from the station pointing on board the missile, the value of the time delay for the detonation of the warhead is given in relation to the moment the radio fuse is triggered. As a result, aircraft are hit in the center of the fuselage, elements of high-precision weapons - in the area where the control system and warhead are located. At low altitudes, the underlying surface is selected and the radio fuse is triggered only from the target.

The launch weight of the 9M330 rocket is 165 kg (of which about 15 kg is for the warhead); its length is 2.9 m, body diameter is 235 mm, wingspan is 0.65 m.

The ship's multifunctional control system includes a ZR-95 missile guidance station and an air target detection system. The latter was developed by the Research Institute "Kvant" under the leadership of V.I. The system allows you to detect targets at ranges up to 45 km. The antenna post includes two oppositely directed lattice parabolic antennas located on top of the antenna base housing. Circular rotation of the antenna post of the guidance station is provided.

The spherical body of the antenna base is stabilized to compensate for the ship's roll and pitch. On the sides of the case there are rectangular containers with transmitter and receiver equipment, connected by a truss structure for rigidity. In front of the containers is placed the equipment of television-optical sights used as a backup means of tracking targets. A phased antenna array, missile capture and narrow beam antennas are fixed in front of the hull. The housing of the phased antenna array is manufactured using advanced technology using pressed and stamped plastic parts. The design of the drive provides limited rotation of the antenna base in a fairly wide range of heading angles.

The complex can fire up to four targets in the 60×60° sector, simultaneously aiming up to eight missiles at them, including up to three missiles per target. The reaction time is from 8 to 24 s. The radio-electronic means of the complex provide fire control for 30-mm anti-aircraft artillery guns AK-630. The combat capabilities of the "Dagger" are 5-6 times higher than the corresponding indicators of the "Osa-M".

Dual Processor Digital Application computer complex provides a high degree combat automation. The choice of the most dangerous target for priority firing can be done both automatically and at the command of the operator.

Underdeck launcher ZS-95, developed at the Design Bureau "Start" under the leadership of A.I. Yaskin, includes several modules, each of which is a drum with eight transport and launch containers (TPK). The cover of the launcher can rotate about the vertical axis of the drum. The rocket is launched after turning the cover of the launcher and bringing the hatch in it to the TPK with the rocket intended for launch. The start interval does not exceed 3 s. Taking into account the relatively small dimensions of the complex, such a solution seems unnecessarily complicated compared to the launch of missiles from containers implemented later in foreign fleets, placed in simpler cell-type launchers.

Initially, it was planned to create the Kinzhal air defense system with weight and size characteristics not exceeding those implemented in Ose-M. Moreover, the designers had to achieve the possibility of installing the complex instead of the Osa-M on previously built ships in the process of modernization repairs. However, the fulfillment of the given combat tactical and technical characteristics was considered a higher priority task. Weight and size indicators grew, so the succession of anti-aircraft missile systems "by seats" could not be ensured.

In itself, this was not so significant. With an extremely weak ship repair base of the fleet and the unwillingness of both the military and industry to distract repair work shipyards by reducing the number of new ships built, the possibility of a radical modernization of combat units that had already served the Motherland was rather abstract.

More serious consequences of the “growth” of the “Dagger” were expressed in the impossibility of placing it on small ships, although formally it could be installed on ships with a displacement of more than 800 tons. As a result, even on such an innovative ship as designed at the Almaz Central Design Bureau (chief designer - P.V. Elsky, then - V.I. Korolkov) hovercraft missile carrier with skegs pr. 1239, had to install the same Osu-MA. Ultimately, the Ose-M as the main means of protecting small ships was replaced by the Kortik anti-aircraft missile and artillery system of the near line, and not the Dagger.

The development of "Thor" and "Dagger" was a significant lag behind the originally set deadlines. As a rule, earlier the land version was ahead of the ship version, as if paving the way for it. However, when creating the autonomous self-propelled complex "Tor", serious problems emerged associated with the development of a combat vehicle. As a result, joint flight tests of the Tor at the Emba training ground began even later than the Kinzhal at the Black Sea - in December 1983, but ended in December next year. The land air defense system was adopted by a decree of March 19, 1986, almost three years earlier than the ship.

The delay in the development of the land complex was an unfortunate circumstance, but its consequences were limited to the corresponding adjustment of the production program.

Factories instead of "Thor" for several more years produced a less perfect, but quite effective "Osu".

At sea, the situation is much more piquant. Since the end of 1980, one or two large anti-submarine ships of project 1155, the only anti-aircraft missile weapons which was supposed to be a pair of air defense systems "Dagger" with a total ammunition load of 64 missiles. The delay in its development led to the fact that for more than five years these large ships remained almost defenseless from air strikes: by the end of the 20th century. artillery could no longer provide them with cover from the effects of aviation. Moreover, the apparent absence of guidance stations in the places intended for them, as it were, urged the enemy pilots to send our ships to the bottom quickly and practically without any risk to themselves.

True, at first, NATO experts did not understand such a scandalous situation and indulged in a rampage of fantasy, arguing in the press about the presence on our new ships of some kind of super-promising, outwardly invisible means of guiding anti-aircraft missiles. One way or another, the lead ship of project 1155 - BOD "Udaloy" - had to wait almost a decade for the adoption of the "Dagger" into service (after commissioning in 1980).

Due to the delay in the development of air defense systems for two years, the small anti-submarine ship MPK-104 (building number 721), built according to project 1124K specifically for testing the "Dagger", could not be used for its intended purpose. It differed from its prototype - the ship pr. 1124M - not only in the natural absence of the means of the standard Osa-M air defense system. Too much weight and, more importantly, the high location of the multifunctional guidance station of the Kinzhal complex did not allow the installation of artillery weapons and all standard radars on it, which, however, was not so important for the experimental ship. The formal entry into service took place in October 1980, while the ship was equipped with only a launcher with three modules, but the guidance station had not yet been delivered to the Black Sea. Subsequently, one of the two prototypes of the complex manufactured in 1979 was mounted on the MPK-104. Tests of air defense systems were conducted from 1982 to 1986 and did not go smoothly. The system was not sufficiently debugged in ground conditions - at the stands of the Research Institute "Altair" and at its test base "Bolshaya Volga". Fine-tuning was carried out mainly on the ship, in conditions that were not quite favorable for its implementation.

Once, during the firing, the engine thrown out by the catapult of the rocket did not turn on, which fell on the deck and fell apart into two parts. As for one half of the product, as they said, "it drowned." But the second part, with all its meek behavior, caused well-founded fears. After this incident, it was necessary to revise the main technical solutions to start the engine, which increased the reliability of this process. Another time, due to the “human factor” (due to uncoordinated actions of personnel and industry representatives), an unauthorized launch of missiles took place. One of the developers, who was next to the launcher, barely managed to hide from the jet of the rocket engine.

Shortly before the completion of the tests in the spring of 1986, all four P-35 missiles used as targets, launched by a salvo of the coastal complex, were very effectively shot down. However, it was not until 1989 that the Kinzhal complex was officially adopted.

The Kinzhal air defense system ensured the destruction of targets flying at speeds up to 700 m / s in the altitude range from 10 to 6000 m at ranges from 1.5 to 12 km.

The main carriers of the complex were to be large anti-submarine ships of project 1155. Initially, this ship was conceived as a development of the guard ship of project 1135, but by the time of laying it had turned into a BOD with twice the displacement. It was assumed that the ships of Project 1155 would solve anti-submarine missions together with the destroyers of Project 956, equipped with powerful strike and anti-aircraft missile weapons - the Moskit complexes and the Uragan medium-range air defense system. Therefore, taking into account the restrictions on displacement, due to the capabilities of the plants, it was decided to equip the BOD pr. 1155 only with the Kinzhal self-defense systems. Each ship was equipped with two air defense systems with a total ammunition load of 64 9M330 missiles and two ZR-95 missile guidance stations.

The lead ships at the "Plant them. Zhdanov" and the Kaliningrad plant "Yantar" were founded in 1977 and went into operation almost simultaneously - in the last days 1980 Since the development of the Kinzhal complex was thoroughly delayed, the acceptance of the ships by the fleet was more than conditional. Several ships, up to the fifth in the series, surrendered without missile guidance stations.

In total, at the “Plant them. Zhdanov" until the autumn of 1988, four ships were built under serial numbers from 731 to 734: "Vice-Admiral Kulakov", "Marshal Vasilevsky", "Admiral Tributs", "Admiral Levchenko".

Until the end of 1991, eight BODs were built at the Yantar plant in Kaliningrad under serial numbers from 111 to 117: Udaloy, Admiral Zakharov, Admiral Spiridonov, Marshal Shaposhnikov, Simferopol, Admiral Vinogradov, "Admiral Kharlamov", "Admiral Panteleev".

Over the years of service, the BOD Project 1155 has generally proven itself to be a reliable and efficient ship. It is significant that in the difficult period of the 1990-2000s. of the 11 BODs built, only the first three ships built by the Kaliningrad plant and Marshal Vasilevsky were decommissioned, and most of the ships of Project 1155 are part of the fleet. At the same time, Udaloy, Marshal Vasilevsky and Vice Admiral Kulakov never received the Kinzhal complex.

In addition to 12 large anti-submarine ships of project 1155 and one improved, built according to project 11551 - "Admiral Chabanenko", four "Dagger" complexes with 192 missiles were installed on the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 11434 "Baku" (since 1990 - “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov”) and on the only aircraft carrier of our fleet, Project 11435, which has changed many names and is now called “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov”. By the time these ships were being designed, a common understanding had been established among sailors and shipbuilders that ships of this class should carry only self-defense weapons, and air cover tasks on distant approaches should be solved by air defense systems installed on escort ships. Two Kinzhal complexes with eight launch modules for 64 missiles were supposed to be installed as an auxiliary "anti-aircraft caliber" on the nuclear heavy missile cruiser pr. 11442 "Peter the Great", but in fact the ship was equipped with only one antenna post.

One each of the Kinzhal air defense systems with 32 missiles of ammunition was placed on the ships of project 11540 "Neustrashimy" and "Yaroslav the Wise", officially classified as patrol ships, but in terms of displacement and dimensions approximately corresponding to BOD pr.61, massively built in the 1960s gg.

Thus, apart from the experimental MPK-104, a total of 36 Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile systems (1324 missiles) were installed on 17 ships of our fleet.

Since 1993, the export modification of the "Dagger" complex under the name "Blade" has been repeatedly demonstrated at various international exhibitions and salons, but there is no information about its deliveries abroad.

Nevertheless, the Kinzhal air defense system has become one of the most advanced examples of domestic missile weapons, which most fully meets the modern conditions of anti-aircraft combat at sea. The relatively short range of defeat is not its significant drawback.

Low-altitude targets, primarily guided weapons, will one way or another be detected at a short distance. As the experience of local wars testifies, their carriers, apparently, will soar over the radio horizon only for an extremely short period of time to clarify the location of the ship they are attacking and launch their missiles. Therefore, the defeat of carrier aircraft by longer-range anti-aircraft systems seems unlikely. But sooner or later, the missiles launched by the planes will approach the object of attack. And here all the advantages of one of the most advanced domestic anti-aircraft systems"Dagger" - short reaction time, high fire performance, multi-channel, effective operation of the warhead in an adaptive mode of application against targets of various classes.

V. Korovin, R. Angelsky

based on the materials of the journal "Technology and Armament" No. 5, 2014

The Kinzhal air defense system (3K95, export - Klinok) is a multi-channel, all-pod, autonomous complex capable of repelling a massive raid of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, aircraft, helicopters. In the 80s it was created under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev in NPO "Altair".

SAM Dagger - video

In the Soviet Union, work on the creation of modern highly effective ship-based self-defense equipment began in the second half of the 1970s. The command and specialists of the USSR Navy were able to discern the threat posed by the latest anti-ship missiles in a timely manner. At the same time, work on the creation of such systems went in two directions - the creation of rapid-firing artillery systems, in the design of the block of barrels of which it was decided to use the principle of the American designer Gatling (a rotating block of barrels), and the development of completely new, by and large, unique shipborne anti-aircraft missile systems, distinctive the features of which were to be a high degree of reaction and accuracy of guidance / homing, as well as high fire performance, ensuring the possibility of effectively destroying such complex targets as low-flying anti-ship missiles.

As part of this process, in 1975, specialists from the State Research and Production Association (GNPO) "Altair" under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev, on the instructions of the command of the Soviet Navy, began work on a new multi-channel shipborne air defense system, which was given the name "Dagger" (NATO designation - SA-N-9 "Gauntlet", and later the export designation appeared - "Blade").

In addition to SNPO "Altair" (today - OJSC MNIIRE "Altair"), determined by the general developer of the "Dagger" complex as a whole, the Design Bureau (KB) "Fakel" (today - OJSC "MKB "Fakel" named after A.I. Academician P.D. Grushin "; developer and manufacturer weapon anti-aircraft complex guided missile type 9M330), Serpukhov JSC "Ratep" (developer and manufacturer of the control system of the complex), Sverdlovsk Research and Production Enterprise (NPP) "Start" (developer and manufacturer of the launcher of the complex) and other organizations and enterprises of the domestic military-industrial complex.

When developing a new ship complex, in order to obtain high performance characteristics, the developer decided to widely use the fundamental circuit solutions obtained during the creation of the Fort ship long-range air defense system, namely a multi-channel radar with a phased antenna array with electronic beam control and a vertical launch of a missile defense system from transport and launch containers located in the underdeck launcher of the "revolving" type (for the complex, the option of a launcher for 8 missiles was chosen). In addition, in order to increase the autonomy of the new complex, similarly to the Osa-M air defense system, the control system of the Kinzhal air defense system included its own all-round radar located on a single 3R95 antenna post.

The new air defense system used a radio command system for guiding anti-aircraft guided missiles, which was distinguished by high accuracy (efficiency). Plus, in order to ensure increased noise immunity, a television-optical tracking system was additionally included in the antenna post. In the end, according to experts, compared with the old ship-based air defense system of the Osa-M type, the combat capabilities of the air defense system of the Kinzhal type were increased by approximately 5-6 times.

SAM "Dagger" on the BOD "Admiral Vinogradov"

Tests of the Kinzhal air defense system took place in the Black Sea, starting in 1982, on a small anti-submarine ship MPK-104, completed according to a specially modified project 1124K. According to data published in the open press, in the course of demonstration firing by the complex in the spring of 1986, installed on board the MPK-104, four missiles shot down all four P-35 cruise missiles, which were used as simulators of enemy air attack weapons and launched from coastal launchers. However, the high novelty and complexity of the new missile system led to a serious delay in its development and refinement, therefore, only by 1986, the Dagger-type air defense system was finally adopted by the Soviet Navy. But on the large anti-submarine ships of project 1155, in full, according to the previously approved plan, configuration option - 8 modules of 8 missiles each - the complex was installed only in 1989. Around the second half of the 1990s. a complex called "Blade" is offered for export, there are already deliveries.

It should be especially noted that the difficulties of a technical and technological nature that the developers of the Kinzhal air defense system had to face led to the fact that, despite the initial requirement of the customer’s tactical and technical assignment, to meet the weight and size characteristics of the ship’s self-defense air defense system of the Osa-M type, to fulfill this condition was not possible. Ultimately, this made it possible to arm only warships with a displacement of 800 tons and more with this complex. However, the characteristics of the complex make it possible to place 2-4 Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile systems on ships of medium and large displacement, and the control system of each of them can control four launchers.

Shipborne multi-channel all-weather autonomous anti-aircraft missile system for self-defense of surface ships "Kinzhal" (3K95) is designed for self-defense of surface ships and vessels - repelling massive attacks operating at low and medium altitudes of unmanned and manned air attack weapons, especially low-flying high-speed high-precision anti-ship cruise missiles modern systems guidance (homing), as well as to destroy surface targets (ships and vessels) and such "border" models of equipment as ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes.

The complex has a modular design and a high potential for modernization, and - which is not very widely known - can be used in a coastal version. The Kinzhal complex is capable of independently detecting air and sea targets and hitting up to four targets simultaneously with controlled anti-aircraft missiles. The complex can use information - target designation data - from general ship target designation systems, as well as control the fire of rapid-fire 30-mm anti-aircraft gun mounts included in the general circuit, which allows you to complete the shooting of air targets that have broken through the lines of fire with anti-aircraft guided missiles or unexpectedly appeared targets at the near line - at a distance of 200 m from the ship. The combat operation of the complex is fully automated, but can also be carried out with the active participation of operators. In the spatial sector 60x60 degrees. the Kinzhal complex is capable of simultaneously firing four air targets with eight missiles.

The composition of the complex "Dagger" in the basic (typical) version includes

Combat means - anti-aircraft guided missiles of the 9M330-2 family, supplied in transport and launch containers (TPK);

Underdeck launchers of the 3S95 type - revolver type with vertical launch of missiles from the TPK (three to four launch modules (installations) of the "revolver" type, each of which accommodates 8 missiles in sealed transport and launch containers);

Shipborne multichannel control system;

Ground handling facilities.

The 9M330-2 anti-aircraft guided missile was developed at the Fakel design bureau under the direction of P.D. Grushin and was unified with the missile defense system used in the army self-propelled air defense system "Tor", which was created almost simultaneously with the ship's air defense system "Dagger". The missile is designed to destroy various means of air attack (tactical and naval aircraft, helicopters, guided missiles of various classes, including anti-ship and anti-radar, and guided and corrected air bombs, as well as unmanned aircraft various classes and types) in a wide range of conditions combat use. The use of these missiles is also possible against small surface targets.

The 9M330-2 rocket is a single-stage, made according to the “duck” aerodynamic configuration with a freely rotating tail wing unit deployed after launch, has a dual-mode solid-fuel rocket engine (RDTT) and is equipped with a unique gas-dynamic system, which, after the launch of the rocket, until its accelerating sustainer solid propellant engine - produces its inclination (orientation) towards the target. The launch of the rocket is vertical from an under-deck launcher, using a catapult placed in the transport and launch container of the rocket, without first turning the launcher towards the target.

Structurally, the 9M330-2 missile includes several compartments, in which the following systems and equipment (equipment): radio fuse, rocket rudder control units, rocket gas-dynamic declination system, high-explosive fragmentation warhead, on-board equipment units, dual-mode solid propellant rocket engine and control command receivers.

The warhead of the rocket is high-explosive fragmentation with high-energy fragments (high penetrating power) and a non-contact pulse radio fuse. The missile guidance system is radio command, by radio commands from the guidance station located on the ship (telecontrol). Undermining the missile warhead is carried out when it approaches the target at the command of the radio fuse or at the command coming from the guidance station. The radio fuse is noise-immune, adapts when approaching the water surface.

“The missile has high aerodynamic qualities, good maneuverability, controllability and stability through control channels and ensures the destruction of maneuvering and straight-flying high-speed targets,” emphasizes the reference book “Russian Arms and Technologies. Encyclopedia XXI century. Volume III: Armament of the Navy” (Publishing House “Arms and Technologies”, 2001, pp. 209-214).

The 9M330-2 missile has the following main performance characteristics: missile length - 2895 mm, missile body diameter - 230 mm, wingspan - 650 mm, missile weight - 167 kg, missile warhead weight - 14.5 - 15.0 kg , missile flight speed - 850 m / s, the affected area in range - 1.5 - 12 km, the affected area in height - 10 - 6000 m. The missile is operated in a special sealed transport and launch container, does not require checks and adjustments during the entire its service life (guaranteed shelf life on a carrier or in an arsenal without inspections and maintenance - up to 10 years). It should be noted that the placement of the missile in a sealed transport and launch container makes it possible to ensure its high safety, permanent combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading missiles into the launcher of the ship's air defense system "Dagger".

Eight-container drum (or "revolving") type launchers 3S95, located under the ship's deck, provide the so-called "cold" (ejection) start of missiles with an inoperative engine - the latter is turned on only after the rocket reaches a safe height above the deck (superstructures) and declining it in the direction of the attacked target. This method of launching missiles makes it possible to avoid the destructive effect of a rocket torch on ship structures and makes it possible to ensure the minimum value of the near boundary of the zone of destruction of the Kinzhal complex. A distinctive feature of the launch system of the complex is the ability to conduct rocket firing from under-deck launchers in the presence of rolling up to 20 °. The estimated interval between launches is only 3 seconds. The launcher of the complex includes three or four unified launchers (modules) with autonomous guidance drives, and the launcher - of the "turret" or drum type - has a launch cover rotating relative to the launcher drum, covering the launch window through which the ejection is made anti-aircraft guided missile. The launcher was developed by specialists from NPP Start under the guidance of chief designer A.I. Yaskin.

The ship control system of the Kinzhal complex was developed by specialists of JSC Ratep (Serpukhov). The Kinzhal ADMS control system solves the tasks set out in the software package and includes a detection module that solves the following tasks: detection of air, including low-flying, and surface targets; simultaneous tracking of up to 8 targets; analysis of the air situation with the arrangement of targets according to the degree of danger; generation of target designation data and output of data (in terms of range, bearing and elevation); issuing (data) of target designation to the ship's air defense systems.

Control panels SAM "Dagger"

The control system of the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system includes:

Radar means of detection and identification of targets;

Radar facilities for tracking targets and guiding missiles;

Television-optical means of tracking targets;

High-speed digital computing complex;

Starting automation equipment;

Fire control system 30mm artillery mounts type AK-630M / AK-306, which is installed at the request of the customer.

“The original design of the antenna post provides for the placement on a single base of parabolic reflector antennas of the detection module with built-in identification antennas and phased antenna arrays (PAR) with electronic beam control, designed to track targets, capture and guide missiles,” the reference book “Weapons and technology in Russia. Encyclopedia XXI century. Volume III: Armament of the Navy” (p. 209-214). A distinctive feature of the radar transmitter of the missile firing control system of the complex is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels.

The composition of the radar control system of the Kinzhal air defense system includes its own two-coordinate anti-jamming all-round radar for detecting air and surface targets (module K-12-1), which has a constant rotation speed - 30 or 12 rpm - and is capable of detecting air targets at altitude of 3.5 km at a distance of up to 45 km and providing the complex "Dagger" complete independence (autonomy) and high efficiency of actions, in conditions of the most complicated situation by various circumstances.

UVP SAM "Dagger" on the nose of the TFR "Neustrashimy"

The work of the shipborne anti-aircraft missile system is provided by a modern digital computer system, which is distinguished by advanced software created on the basis of multiprogram two-machine real-time information processing, and provides a high degree of automation of the combat operation of the entire complex. The computer system provides the Kinzhal air defense system for operation in various modes, including fully automatic mode, when all actions to detect a target with its own radars or receive target designation data from general ship radars, take a target (targets) for tracking, generate data for firing, launch and guidance of the rocket (missiles), evaluation of the results of firing and the transfer of fire to other targets are performed automatically, using " artificial intelligence"and completely without the intervention (participation) of the operators of the combat crew of the air defense system. The presence of this mode provides the complex with a significantly higher combat potential (combat capabilities), including in comparison with the operation of weapon systems using the “fire and forget” principle (in the case of the operation of the Kinzhal air defense system, the operator does not even have to worry about the fact that it is necessary to find a target and fire at it - the complex does everything on its own).

The use of phased antenna arrays, electronic beam control and the presence of a high-speed computer system (computer) provide the above-mentioned multi-channel air defense system "Dagger". In addition, the presence in the complex of television-optical means of detecting air and surface targets built into the antenna post further increases its noise immunity in conditions of intensive use of electronic warfare by the enemy, and also allows the combat crew of the complex to perform a visual assessment of the results of tracking by the complex of targets and their subsequent defeat .

The development of radar facilities for the Kinzhal air defense system was carried out by specialists from the Kvant Research Institute (NII) under the guidance of V.I. Guzya.

Modernization of the Kinzhal air defense system is carried out in the direction of improving its tactical, technical and operational characteristics, especially in terms of a significant increase in the damaging potential of the complex and expanding its zone of destruction in range and height, as well as reducing the weight and size characteristics of the complex as a whole and its individual elements (subsystems).

SAM "Dagger" is currently installed on the following types warships: TAVKR project 11435 "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (24 launch modules of 8 missiles each, ammunition - 192 missiles), TARKR project 11442 "Peter the Great" (1 vertical launch unit, ammunition - 64 missiles), BOD project 1155 and 11551 (8 launch modules, ammunition - 64 missiles), TFR project 11540 (4 launch modules, ammunition - 32 missiles). The Kinzhal complex was also planned to be placed on aircraft carriers (aircraft carriers) of projects 11436 and 11437, which, however, were never completed.

UVP ZUR 9M330 and antenna post of the control system of the air defense system "Dagger" in the stern of the nuclear cruiser "Peter the Great"

Tactical and technical characteristics of the air defense system Kinzhal

The range of destruction of the air defense system Dagger

1.5 - 12 km (when connecting a 30 mm gun mount from 200 m)
- Height of hitting targets: 10 - 6000 m
- Target speed: up to 700 m/s

Number of simultaneously fired targets in the 60×60° sector: up to 4
- The number of simultaneously induced missiles: up to 8
- SAM guidance method: telecontrol

Target detection range at an altitude of 3.5 km from own detection tools: 45 km
- Main operating mode: automatic
- Reaction time for a low-flying target: 8 s
- Rate of fire: 3 s

Time to bring the complex into combat readiness:
- from the "cold" state no more than 3 minutes,
- from standby mode - 15 s

Ammunition: 24-64 SAM
- Weight of missiles: 165 kg
- Warhead weight: 15 kg
- Mass of the complex: 41 tons
- Personnel: 13 people

Photo SAM Dagger

SAM "Dagger" on the BOD "Severomorsk"

Anti-aircraft missile system"Dagger" - this is a multi-channel, all-under, autonomous short-range anti-aircraft missile system capable of repelling a massive raid of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, aircraft, helicopters, etc.

The lead developer of the complex is NPO Altair (chief designer - S. A. Fadeev), anti-aircraft missile - MKB Fakel.

Ship tests of the complex were launched in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship pr. 1124. During demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, 4 P-35 cruise missiles were launched from coastal installations at the MPK. All P-35s were shot down by 4 Kinzhal missiles. The tests were difficult and with the failure of all deadlines. So, for example, it was supposed to arm the Novorossiysk aircraft carrier with the Kinzhal, but it was put into service with holes for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of project 1155, the complex was installed one instead of the prescribed two.

Only in 1989, the Kinzhal air defense system was officially adopted by large anti-submarine ships, pr. 1155, on which 8 modules of 8 missiles were installed.

Currently, the Kinzhal air defense system is in service with the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great (project 1144.4), large anti-submarine ships pr.1155, 11551 and the latest patrol ships of the Neustrashimy type.

The Kinzhal air defense system is offered to foreign buyers under the name Blade.

In the west, the complex received the designation SA-N-9 GAUNTLET.

The complex uses a 9M330-2 remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile, unified with the rocket of the Tor land complex, or the 9M331 ZUR of the Tor-M complex. 9M330-2 is made according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme and uses a freely rotating wing unit. Its wings are folding, which made it possible to place the 9M330 in an extremely "compressed" square-section TPK. The launch of missiles is vertical under the action of a catapult with further declination of the rocket by a gas-dynamic system, with the help of which in less than one second, in the process of rising to the launch altitude of the main engine, the rocket turns towards the target.

Undermining the warhead of a high-explosive fragmentation type is carried out at the command of a pulsed radio fuse in the immediate vicinity of the target. The radio fuse is noise-immune and adapts when approaching the water surface. The missiles are placed in transport and launch containers and do not need to be checked for 10 years.

The Kinzhal air defense system is equipped with its own radar detection tools (K-12-1 module), which provide the complex with complete independence and prompt action in the most difficult environment. The multi-channel basis of the complex is phased antenna arrays with electronic beam control and a fast-operating computer complex. The main mode of operation of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of "artificial intelligence".

The television-optical target detection tools built into the antenna post not only increase its noise immunity in conditions of intense radio countermeasures, but also allow personnel to visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar facilities of the complex were developed at the Kvant Research Institute under the leadership of V.I. Guz and provide a range of detection of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.

"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 ° by 60 °, while simultaneously guiding up to 8 missiles. The reaction time of the complex is from 8 to 24 seconds, depending on the mode of the radar. In addition to missiles, the fire control system of the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, firing at surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.

The 4S95 launcher of the Kinzhal complex was developed by the Start Design Bureau under the leadership of Chief Designer A. I. Yaskin. Underdeck launcher consists of 3–4 drum-type launchers, each with 8 TPKs with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 sq. m.

For several years in a row, the topic of long-range shipborne air defense systems and air defense systems: S-300 Fort-M, or PAAMS, has continued to be raised in the media and periodicals. But in a modern naval confrontation, sooner or later, the question of the own survival of one or another ship from the strike force will arise.

Considering the most diverse combination and methods of using modern anti-ship missiles, it is clear that practically no warship will have so many long-range missiles in its ammunition load, especially since most ships with a displacement of up to 5000 tons do not carry such systems. In matters of near-field defense, fast air defense systems with a minimum reaction time and a highly maneuverable missile interceptor are needed, which are capable of deterring massive pinpoint strikes of anti-ship missiles or PRLRs, the so-called "star raids".

Russia, having the status of a maritime superpower, is a full-fledged leader in the defensive systems of its warships, and has two types of such systems in the arsenal of the Navy (we do not take into account the standard ones): the Kinzhal air defense system and the Kortik air defense system. All these systems have been adopted by the ships of the Russian Navy.

KZRK "Dagger"- the brainchild of the NPO "Altair" is a near-field complex that provides good self-defense from heavy air strikes and WTO within a radius of 12 km. Thanks to the K-12-1 radar post, it is able to intercept even small free-falling bombs. Kinzhal is a 4-channel air defense system, its 9M330-2 SAM is identical to the 9M331 anti-aircraft missile, which is armed with the ground-based Tor-M1 air defense system, an ejection launch is implemented.

The complex has a maximum interception range of 12 km, a target flight altitude of 6 km, an intercepted target speed of 2,550 km/h, and an anti-ship missile reaction time of about 8 s. UVPU 4S95 - 8-cell revolving type, like the B-203A of the S-300F (FM) complex.

The K-12-1 radar post allows you to track 8 air targets, fire 4, detect low-flying targets (altitude 500 m) at a distance of about 30 km, given the possibility of integrating the "Dagger" with the ship's radar-DRLO type "Fregat-MA" or "Podberyozovik" ”, the tracking range increases to 200-250 km (for high-altitude targets).

The antenna post is equipped with an OLPC, which allows the calculation of operators to visually observe the target and the approach to it of the SAM, controlled by the radio command method. The antenna post is also capable of controlling the operation of the 30-mm ZAK AK-630M and correcting the operation of the ZRAK.

A highly maneuverable missile with a warhead weighing 15.6 kg can maneuver with an overload of 25-30 units. 2 antenna posts K-12-1 are more often installed on ships of the Russian Navy, which makes the system 8-channel (BPK project 1155 Udaloy), and in the case of c - 4 antenna posts, opening up as many as 16 channels for the defense of an aircraft-carrying missile carrier. Ammunition is impressive - 192 missiles.

ZRAK "Dagger" also covers the near line of our only aircraft carrier in the 8-kilometer zone, but also covers the 1.5-kilometer dead zone of the Kortika, “erasing into powder” large fragments of the targets destroyed by the “Dagger” with the help of two 30-mm AP AO-18. Their overall rate of fire is approaching 200 rounds per second.

KZRAK "Kortik" on board the corvette "Guarding" - around the clock ready for battle

KZRS, represented by BM "Kortika", can have up to 6 BM and 1 PBU. A radar detector is installed on the PBU, as well as a system for the analytical distribution of the most dangerous targets between the BM. On each robotic BM, a 30-mm AO-18 (AK-630M) twin is mounted; 2x3 or 2x4 block ZUR 9M311, the same as on the ZRAK 2K22 "Tungusska".

The missile has a speed of 600 m/s, and a warhead weighing 15 kg is capable of overtaking targets that “twist” 7-fold overloads at speeds up to 1800 km/h. The illumination and guidance radar is capable of providing throughput about 6 targets/min for each module. For "Admiral Kuznetsov" this means another 48 targets fired per minute, in addition to the 16 channels of the "Dagger" - this is 64 targets! How do you like the defense of our ship? It happens that even one in the field is a warrior ...

And now to your attention are two more compact and modern KZRK, the combat elements of which have proven themselves very well.

Ship modification SAM VL MICA. The complex was designed on the basis of the French air-to-air missile MICA. The design of the missile offers 2 variants of seeker - infrared (MICA-IR) and active radar "EM". The rate of fire is slightly faster than the "Dagger" (about 2 s). The missiles are equipped with OVT and are capable of implementing 50-fold overloads at speeds up to 3120 km / h, there are also aerodynamic rudders, the firing range of the complex is -12 ... 15 km.

The warhead - HE with a mass of 12 kg, has a directed action, which confirms the good accuracy of guidance systems. GOS ZUR "MICA-EM" - active radar AD4A, with an operating frequency of 12000-18000 MHz, has a high degree of protection against noise and natural interference, is capable of capturing targets at a distance of 12-15 km, selecting dipole reflectors and electronic countermeasures.

SAM "MICA" in the UVPU cell

Initial target designation and illumination can be carried out by most Western European shipborne radar systems, such as EMPAR, Sampson, SIR-M and other older modifications. Missiles of the "VL MICA" complex can be placed in the UVPU of the ship's air defense system "VL Seawolf" or the more universal "SYLVER", which are designed to use both anti-aircraft missiles (PAAMS, VL MICA, Standart systems of the latest modifications) and cruise missiles (SCALP, BGM - 109B/E).

For KZRK "VL MICA" an individual special size of the eight-cell container UVPU "SYLVER" - A-43 is used, which has a length of 5400 mm and a mass of 7500 kg. Each container is equipped with a four-antenna unit and a synchronization modem over a radio command channel.

Options for repelling air attacks using the MICA air defense system

This complex is very technologically advanced, efficient, and therefore it “takes root” quite well in the navies of developing countries: in the Omani Navy they are equipped with 3 corvettes of the Harif ave. etc. And its relatively low cost and the well-known and proven MICA missile in the French Air Force determine its further success in the naval weapons market.

The corvette of the Omani Navy "Kharif" has a self-defense missile defense system "MICA" on board

And the last, no less weak defensive KZRK of our today's review, - "Umkhonto"(in Russian - "Spear"). The complex was designed by Denel Dynamics. In terms of weight and size, the missile defense system of the complex is close to the V3E A-Darter BVB aviation missile, there is also an OVT and aerodynamic rudders.

As in the MICA complex, so in the Umkhonto missiles are used with IR-GOS ("Umkhonto-IR") and ARGSN ("Umkhonto-R"). Missiles have top speed- 2125 km / h and an interception range of 12 km (for IR modification) and 20 km (for AR modification). The Umkhonto-IR SAM has an IR-GOS unified with the V3E A-Darter missile, which was described in detail in our previous article on the progress of the South African Armed Forces. The head has large pumping angles of the coordinating device, a high angular speed of sight, which allowed the missile defense system to "reach" up to 40 units in a turn, which puts it on the "one step" with the R-77 and MICA missiles.

The maximum overload, which is lower than that of the Darter (100 units), is due to a 1.4 times greater mass of missiles than the air version (125 versus 90 kg) and a lower thrust-to-weight ratio. High-explosive fragmentation warhead has a weight of 23 kg, which provides a high damaging effect.

Targeting for two missiles is inertial with radio command correction - at the beginning of the trajectory, and thermal or active radar - at the end, i.e. the "let it go" principle. This is a very important factor for modern air defense system, which allows you to unload the combat saturation of the illumination radar by freeing up occupied target channels during a massive air attack.

The rocket starts in the "hot start" mode from the guide of the UVPU, each guide is also a TPK for rockets and has its own starting gas duct. The combat information and control system of the complex allows for the simultaneous interception of 8 complex air targets. The computerized system of all modules, from the antenna to the control unit, allows for quick diagnostics for problems, which makes this complex one of the most successful in its class.

Frigate of the South African Navy type "Valur"

Hamina-class patrol boat of the Finnish Navy

The Umkhonto air defense system has found its application in the South African and Finnish navies. In South Africa, it is installed on four frigates of the Valor class, pr. MEKO, and the Finnish Navy on advanced stealth coastal defense boats of the Hamina class.

In this article, we have described 3 the best systems short-range defense of a ship order, the appearance of which allows you to personally analyze the technical potential of the manufacturing state to gain a foothold on the merciless military and economic world arena.

/Evgeny Damantsev/

Early 1980s was marked by a sharp increase in the combat power of the military fleets foreign countries world, which began to receive modern anti-ship missiles en masse, which armed surface combat ships of various classes and displacement, as well as combat boats and aircraft (helicopters).

Moreover, these were no longer those bulky and heavy "monsters" with which the first missile boats and ships were armed, but completely different products - small-sized, inconspicuous, with high precision systems homing and the ability to follow the target almost over the crests of the waves, moreover, with the use of anti-aircraft maneuver.

All this hampered the timely detection of such missiles, their classification and the issuance of target designation to combat assets of shipborne air defense systems and missile defense, which, coupled with the objective complexity of hitting small, high-speed, low-flying targets, ultimately led to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of combating them and increased the vulnerability of ships to these weapons.

Particularly widespread in foreign navies were anti-ship missile systems (SCMS) of the Harpoon (USA) and Exoset (France) families, which, due to their relatively low cost, quickly paved the way for the arsenals of the “second line” navies, so that soon even the ships of recognized world-class maritime powers could not consider themselves safe in the ocean.

Especially bright new era, which came in the field of armed struggle at sea, was demonstrated by the Anglo-Argentine armed conflict over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands in 1982, better known as the Falkland War. The French Exocet anti-ship missiles, which at that time were in service with the air force and naval forces Argentina (Super Etandar aircraft and surface ships) caused serious damage to the operational formation of Her Majesty's fleet. Almost all the "exocets" released by the Argentines found their targets, so if it were not for the embargo imposed by Paris on the supply of missiles already contracted by Buenos Aires, then the skin of the rearing "British Lion" would have been badly spoiled. It was after the Falklands War that the navies of the leading countries of the world urgently began to create new and modernize old air defense / missile defense systems that could provide reliable protection for surface ships from such high-speed small-sized and low-flying targets as the latest anti-ship missiles.

Anti-aircraft missile system "Dagger" ("Blade")

As part of this process, in 1975, specialists from the State Research and Production Association (GNPO) "Altair" under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev, on the instructions of the command of the Soviet Navy, began work on a new multi-channel shipborne air defense system, which was given the name "Dagger" ( NATO designation -SA- N-nine "Gauntlet”, later the export designation appeared - “Blade”).

In addition to SNPO "Altair" ( today - JSC MNIIRE "Altair"), determined by the general developer of the Kinzhal complex as a whole, the Design Bureau (KB) Fakel ( today - JSC "MKB" Fakel "im. Academician P.D. Grushin"; developer and manufacturer of a combat weapon of the 9M330 anti-aircraft guided missile complex), Serpukhov JSC "Ratep" ( developer and manufacturer of the complex control system), Sverdlovsk Research and Production Enterprise (NPP) "Start" ( developer and manufacturer of the launcher of the complex) and other organizations and enterprises of the domestic military-industrial complex.

Shipborne multi-channel all-weather autonomous anti-aircraft missile system for self-defense of surface ships "Kinzhal" (3K95) is designed for self-defense of surface ships and vessels - repelling massive attacks operating at low and medium altitudes of unmanned and manned air attack weapons, especially low-flying high-speed high-precision anti-ship cruise missiles with modern guidance (homing) systems, as well as to destroy surface targets (ships and vessels) and such "border" types of equipment as ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes.

The complex has a modular design and a high potential for modernization, and - which is not very widely known - can be used in a coastal version. The Kinzhal complex is capable of independently detecting air and sea targets and hitting up to four targets with simultaneously guided anti-aircraft missiles. The complex can use information - target designation data - from general ship target designation systems, as well as control the fire of rapid-fire 30-mm anti-aircraft gun mounts included in the general circuit, which allows you to complete the shooting of air targets that have broken through the lines of fire with anti-aircraft guided missiles or unexpectedly appeared targets at the near line - at a distance of 200 m from the ship. The combat operation of the complex is fully automated, but can also be carried out with the active participation of operators. In the spatial sector 60x60 degrees. the Kinzhal complex is capable of simultaneously firing four air targets with eight missiles.

The composition of the complex "Dagger" in the basic (typical) version includes the following subsystems and tools:

Combat means - anti-aircraft guided missiles of the 9M330-2 family, supplied in transport and launch containers (TPK);

Shipborne multichannel control system;

Ground handling facilities.

The 9M330-2 anti-aircraft guided missile was developed at the Fakel design bureau under the direction of P.D. Grushin and was unified with the missile defense system used in the army self-propelled air defense system "Tor", which was created almost simultaneously with the ship's air defense system "Dagger". The missile is designed to destroy various air attack weapons (tactical and naval aircraft, helicopters, guided missiles of various classes, including anti-ship and anti-radar, and guided and corrected air bombs, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles of various classes and types) in a wide range of conditions for their combat use . The use of these missiles is also possible against small surface targets.

Structurally, the 9M330-2 type missile includes several compartments containing the following systems and equipment (equipment): a radio fuse, missile control units, a gas-dynamic missile declination system, a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, on-board equipment units, a dual-mode solid propellant rocket engine and control command receivers.

The 9M330-2 missile has the following main performance characteristics: missile length - 2895 mm, missile body diameter - 230 mm, wingspan - 650 mm, missile weight - 167 kg, missile warhead weight - 14.5 - 15.0 kg , missile flight speed - 850 m / s, the affected area in range - 1.5 - 12 km, the affected area in height - 10 - 6000 m. The missile is operated in a special sealed transport and launch container, does not require checks and adjustments during the entire its service life (guaranteed shelf life on a carrier or in an arsenal without inspections and maintenance - up to 10 years). It should be noted that the placement of the missile in a sealed transport and launch container makes it possible to ensure its high safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading missiles into the launcher of the ship's Dagger air defense system.

The control system of the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system includes:

Radar means of detection and identification of targets;

Radar facilities for tracking targets and guiding missiles;

Television-optical means of tracking targets;

High-speed digital computing complex;

Starting automation equipment;

Fire control system for 30-mm AK-630M/AK-306 artillery mounts, which is installed at the request of the customer.

The work of the shipborne anti-aircraft missile system is provided by a modern digital computer system, which is distinguished by advanced software created on the basis of multiprogram two-machine real-time information processing, and provides a high degree of automation of the combat operation of the entire complex. The computer system provides the Kinzhal air defense system for operation in various modes, including fully automatic mode, when all actions to detect a target with its own radars or receive target designation data from general ship radars, take a target (targets) for tracking, generate data for firing, launch and guidance of the missile (missiles), evaluation of the results of firing and transfer of fire to other targets are carried out automatically, using "artificial intelligence" and completely without the intervention (participation) of the operators of the combat crew of the air defense system. The presence of this mode provides the complex with a significantly higher combat potential (combat capabilities), including in comparison with the operation of weapon systems using the “fire and forget” principle (in the case of the operation of the Kinzhal air defense system, the operator does not even have to worry about the fact that it is necessary to find a target and fire at it - the complex does everything on its own).

The development of radar facilities for the Kinzhal air defense system was carried out by specialists from the Kvant Research Institute (NII) under the guidance of V.I. Guzya.

The Kinzhal air defense system is currently installed on the following types of warships: TAVKR project 11435 "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (24 launchers with 8 missiles each, ammunition - 192 missiles), TARKR project 11442 "Peter the Great" (1 installation vertical launch, ammunition - 64 missiles), BOD project 1155 and 11551 (8 launch modules, ammunition - 64 missiles), TFR project 11540 (4 launch modules, ammunition - 32 missiles). The Kinzhal complex was also planned to be placed on aircraft carriers (aircraft carriers) of projects 11436 and 11437, which, however, were never completed.

TABLE 1

The main performance characteristics of the air defense system "Dagger" ("Blade")

TABLE 2

Tactical and technical characteristics of the control system of the air defense system "Dagger" ("Blade")