Kosenkova Tatiana

My civic position

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Composition on the topic: “My contribution to the environment native land».

To take care of the river and the forest, the seashore and the wheat field means to take care of your Fatherland...

Vladimir Putin

Nature has been creating man for many millions of years, and this creative, constructive activity of nature must, I think, be respected. A person needs to live life with dignity, live in such a way that nature, working on our creation, is not offended.

To do this, people must support the creative forces of nature in life and in no case support everything that is destructive in life. How to do it? This question should be answered by each person individually, in relation to his abilities, his interests. You can create just a good atmosphere around you, as they say now, an aura of goodness. For example, a person can bring an atmosphere of suspicion into society, or he can immediately bring joy, light. This light can come from a deep connection with all living things in the world.

The feeling of justice and sympathy for all life and respect for its rights is one of the highest feelings of man. Respect for all living beings is called "humanity", that is, such a property that should express the very foundation, the truest nature of the human soul.

Today is the time to talk about ecology - the science of human interaction with nature. This word is amazing - "ecology" ("oikos" in Greek means "home, dwelling, place of stay"). After all, nature is the house in which we live, the place where we, people, stay. Therefore, we must protect our natural habitat, respect everyone who lives in it.

Modern environmental scientists believe that a person, carried away by vigorous economic activity, did not notice how he began to destroy and destroy nature. Great scientific and technical discoveries turned his head. He suddenly decided that he had finally conquered nature, became its king and ruler. With the greed of a conqueror, a man pounced on natural resources, which seemed to him inexhaustible: ruthlessly cut down and today cuts down forests, pumped out as much oil and gas as he wanted, got a myriad of minerals from the bowels of the Earth, used any amount fresh water and so on.

At the same time, only a small fraction of the various raw materials that are mined annually in the world benefit a person. Let's imagine that mom baked a big raisin pie, and we picked out only one raisin from it, and threw the rest away. Horror! Isn't it terrible that of all the raw materials extracted in final product only 1-2% of the original mass is processed, and the remaining 98-99% go to expenses. And so every year!

And what has man done to the animal kingdom! For example, have any of us ever seen sea ​​cow? Did not see? And we will never see. But it was a wonderful animal that lived in the northern part Pacific Ocean. The same sad story and the quagga zebra, the blue horse antelope, and hundreds of other animals and birds. This is how the “black book” appeared - it lists animals that we will never see again, and this was also an invaluable gift of nature.

There is also a Red Book Russian Federation- an annotated list of rare and endangered animals, plants and fungi. So, for example, the white-faced dolphin, which lives only in the Barents (near the Murmansk coast and the Rybachy Peninsula) and the Baltic (including The Gulf of Finland) seas, is gradually disappearing. Soon we may not even see it anymore, so it must be protected from poachers and fishing should be prohibited.

Since ancient times, people have helped protect and preserve the life of nature, and all life in general. Tsar Peter 1 (1672-1725) was the first Russian sovereign who was constantly engaged in environmental activities aimed at preserving the well-being of not only his own royal lands, but the entire state.

One of the most remarkable was the decree of the king on the protection of the forest. The wise king ordered that all forests be divided into two categories: in some he allowed logging, while in others he categorically forbade and ordered them to be strictly protected. Planting of new forests was also envisaged. By decree of Peter 1 in 1706, the so-called Apothecary garden. According to legend, the king himself planted several trees in it. Now this "garden" is known as Botanical Garden Moscow State University on Prospekt Mira.

The king also took care of the protection of the animal world. His decrees prohibited the shooting of elk in the St. Petersburg province, as well as predatory methods of catching fish (such as, for example, setting traps that block the river). Measures have been taken to keep the reservoirs clean. By decree of 1719, residents of St. Petersburg were forbidden to dump garbage into the Neva and other rivers of the city. Several more decrees ordered to strengthen the banks and preserve the soil cover.

Another example is Lermontov's ballad "Three palm trees". This is one of the best ballads of Mikhail Yurievich, imbued with a deep philosophical sense. The poet painted an unusual epic picture in the poem: sands are all around, the hot sun is scorching, heat is in the air, there is no vegetation anywhere, except for three palm trees standing alone in the desert near the preserved oasis. However, palm trees in the desert are lonely. Their beauty is not visible to anyone and nobody needs it. It seems to them that they live uselessly in the bare desert, waiting for travelers for a long time and in vain, whom they want to drink with icy streams and gently fan them with sheets, giving coolness and rest after a long and exhausting journey. Palm trees, dissatisfied with their fate, began to grumble at God. And God heeded their prayers and their murmurings. Suddenly, a rich caravan approached the palm trees, which is picturesquely depicted by Lermontov. It would seem that the dream of three palm trees came true: people came to them, quenched their thirst, rested in the shade under the canopy of their leaves. But the travelers behaved like evil and ungrateful creatures. They cut down palm trees and burned them. With the death of the palms, the "rattling key", covered with hot sand, also disappeared. Now no one will give the travelers a drink, and they will have nowhere to rest after a difficult journey through the desert. That's the whole plot.

In this picture, Lermontov introduced a poignant personal thought, combining the epic image with its lyrical expression. People did not spare the beauties of nature and treated with contempt even the benefits that it brought to them and could bring in the future. It turns out that no one demanded participation from the palms, no one hoped for their sympathy. People often bring destruction to nature, even against their own interests. Between people and nature, which reveals beauty and wealth to them, deep internal communications. The man himself is to blame for this, who pursues his momentary selfish goals. This is how society works, the laws of which Lermontov strongly rejects in this poem.

As for me, I also make my small contribution to the ecology of my native land. I try not to litter, I don’t pollute rivers and lakes, I don’t destroy bird nests, I don’t saw trees, I even try to somehow help those animals that are in trouble. I also manage to convince those who are younger than me. I explain to them what is bad and what is good, and the children, on my advice, also try to contribute to the environment. I believe that in their lives everyone should contribute to the ecology of their region, even if this contribution is small.

Sometimes many people have a question: before whom do I make this contribution? The answer is very simple: first of all, before nature, before other people and before one's own conscience. Those people who do a good, useful thing for nature - that's what we should call responsible people with responsible behavior. We can call such behavior a truly human attitude towards nature. Because it helps to protect and preserve the life of nature, and therefore all life in general.In order to preserve nature, it is necessary to plant trees, sow grass, and keep the areas near houses and institutions clean. Don't pollute rivers.

If people take care of nature, then everything will be fine both in nature and in the human soul.

Nature is not only a human habitat, but also a magnificent, enormous wealth. A person uses this wealth not rationally, and sometimes insensibly pollutes the environment. If we don't step in and fix what we've done over the centuries, our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will not see the amazing beauty of our places. Nature must be protected in order to be good and beautiful in our homeland. Destroying nature, we are slowly destroying ourselves.

There are many miracles in the world

The man is the most wonderful of them all.

But he only loved himself

And destroyed nature.

He couldn't understand

That nature is our mother!

Forests are cut down, rivers are polluted,

And we don't like the water in our river anymore.

Now there are no animals in the forests,

Man is the most important...

Why can't he

Live calmly and wisely?

protect, love, appreciate,

Appreciate all nature!

And now we see

Forests without birds and lands without water...

Less and less nature

More environment.

1. Environmental problems of mankind

The main global environmental problems of our time are:

A) Extinction of plant and animal species.

B) Greenhouse effect caused by industrial emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect then causes global warming on the planet - its average temperature rises, the glaciers of the mountains are melting, the level of the World Ocean is rising. Seaside areas are flooded and devastating, catastrophic floods are occurring.

C) Pollution of the environment by industrial and household waste and destruction of the earth's protective ozone layer. Metallurgical and chemical, however, like other plants and factories in Russia, emit a lot of extremely harmful substances into the atmosphere, into rivers and lakes. The soil can be radioactively contaminated, soot, tar, the most severe sulfur oxide from coke production, extremely harmful nitrogen oxide, lead and other substances get into the air and water. Fish are dying in the waters, plants and animals, the population is suffocating.

Chemical vapors and smoke destroy the ozone layer above the planet, as a result of which merciless and destructive rays from outer space enter the atmosphere. They can cause serious human diseases, up to skin cancer, genetic mutations.

D) It is also important to mention the problem of high-quality fresh water, the erosion of soils becoming infertile, the onset of deserts on vegetation, which is often the result of deforestation. Suffer "lungs of the planet" - huge equatorial forests valleys of the Amazon River. Their disappearance could be a catastrophe for the entire population of the Earth.

2. Environmental problems of Russia and cities

Ecological problems Russia, in principle, repeat the global environmental problems. The problem of industrial pollution and the extinction of species, especially animals, and the reduction of fish stocks is a serious one.

The problem of ozone holes and the greenhouse effect is not acute in Russia; the country is also rich in fresh water resources. Australia suffers more from such problems, to which the colossal Antarctic ozone hole is approaching, and where there are not enough reserves. drinking water, India and Bangladesh, which are flooded with catastrophically rising waters.

And here plastic waste recycling stands in Russia as a problem and in the most acute way. The burning of plastic waste and polyethylene is a terrible phenomenon, polluting the atmosphere in a nightmarish way, much more than burning paper or wood. It is important to remember that it is better to take plastic garbage from a picnic to a landfill than to burn it in a fire, thereby poisoning yourself and those around you.

Also important issue country becomes uncontrolled cutting down its forests- "lungs of the planet", especially Siberian ones, and its sale. Loggers and poachers leave behind a desert. In the cold climate of Siberia to recover ecological system forests, the world of its plants and animals need several centuries! It is important to remember that forests are the lungs of Russia! They are a guarantee of clean air for us and loved ones, they give us phytoncides that protect us from diseases

I live in the Ural region, in the city of Yekaterinburg, which is a large industrial center countries. We are one and a half million people, and the city is the fourth in Russia in terms of population. The city, alas, is heavily polluted with waste from metallurgical plants, metalworking industries, chemical industry, mechanical engineering. Of course, compared with pollution, for example, in China, our situation is much better. The air in the city, according to statistics, is spoiled mainly by cars.

The inhabitants of our city suffer from constant noise and hum of city life, poisonous car exhausts, and other vehicles. This disrupts sleep, reduces hearing, does not allow opening windows and airing apartments in houses on busy highways. In cities, it is necessary to monitor the observance of the noise level and the maximum norm for automobile exhaust, to punish faulty car engines.

An important issue of nature conservation in the Urals around Yekaterinburg is also preservation of local forests and swamps in the north: a storehouse the purest water, mushrooms and berries, patrimonies of hunters and farmers. It is necessary to strictly punish industrialists for dumping poisoned waters, dumping waste into clean Ural rivers and swamps.

Dear friends! Today I would like to talk to you about a very important problem in our life - environmental. It's no secret that the environmental situation in our country is very difficult, it is deteriorating every year. Now that they are exploding nuclear power plants when gasoline flows along the rivers and from clean reservoirs they turn into black dirty ribbons, when entire forests disappear, we must, simply must think and ask ourselves the question: “What will remain on our planet? Will our grandchildren be able to go to the forest for mushrooms and berries? Will they be able to swim in the river on a sunny day, and then hide in the shade of a birch grove? I want to draw your attention to the environmental problems of our village Pyatovsk. Let's go through the streets and alleys. Tell me, did you notice a huge puddle near the 18 apartment building? It was formed six months ago due to a water pipe break, flooded all the basements, creates dirt, which is already enough. In the courtyard of this house there is a constantly terrible stench coming from the sewerage and poisoning all living things. And now let's look at the square, which is located opposite the house. In the summer it is overgrown with weeds, and in the spring it is littered with garbage: plastic bottles, wrappers from cookies and sweets, plastic bags. And look - how many unauthorized garbage dumps in such a small area! We counted - there are about 20 of them! But they attract crows and pigeons - carriers of infection; rotting waste - the environment for the development of pathogens; wire, cutting boards and pipes can cause injury. Poisonous substances and carcinogens can be found here. Remember: landfill is the cause of soil, air and water pollution! We have a beautiful country of people, I'm afraid it would not become a land of Waste. And when you go or go to Vishnevsk, be careful - you can fall into an old silo pit filled with who knows what. You can drown in it, and no one will ever find you. Now let's take a closer look at the Dnieper grove. More recently, it has been a meeting place and festivities. But a year ago, a strong windstorm passed, knocked down old trees, blocked all passages and exits. This is a terrible sight: to pass, you have to be a good athlete. But only pensioners live in Dneprovka. I cannot but say about Yankovsky Lake. It overgrown, dragged on with duckweed. And earlier, carp and crucian carp were kept here, which delighted avid fishermen. Fishermen from all over the region came here. This is just a small part of what we found out. I would like to ask the question: “Where did everything go? Why is this happening? Who is guilty? And most importantly, how can we change this situation? Friends! Listen to what I have said. And in order to change the situation, to save the earth from destruction, each of us needs to understand that the earth is our home, our temple, for which we are responsible. And everyone should put in order the corner surrounding him, his house, his street. Remember, big things start small. MBOU "Pyatovskaya secondary school" Composition "" Environmental problem of the native land" Lebedeva V.I. Teacher of Russian language and literature 2017

Plan - summary of the lesson "Dive into the project"

Theme "Environmental problems of the native land"

Educational tasks:

To identify the main environmental problems of the native land, the reasons for the decrease in the species diversity of animals and plants in the native land; propose measures to protect the environment.

Development tasks: development of design and research skills

- mental activity: problematization, goal-setting and formulation of the task, a reasonable choice of a method or method, a path in activity, planning one's activity, introspection and reflection;

- presentation: construction of an oral report (message) on the work done, the choice of methods and forms of visual presentation (product) of the results of activities, the production of visual objects;

- communicative: listen and understand others, express yourself, find a compromise, interact within the group, come to an agreement, develop independence, the ability to work in a group, individually.

- search engines: find information on this topic during excursions and trips and in additional literature, search the Internet;

Educational tasks: formation of the need (motives, motives) for behavior and activities aimed at protecting nature, belief in the need and possibility of solving environmental problems, the desire to spread environmental knowledge and personal participation in practical affairs for the protection of the environment.

Technology: method educational projects;

Form of organization of educational and cognitive activity of students: individual, group

Stages of work:

I. Dive into the project

IV. Presentation of results 1 lesson

I. Dive into the project

1.Motivation :

Hello, friends!

Hello nature!

Hello forests and rivers, springs and lakes, fields and meadows!

Hello birds: nightingales, owls, sparrows and doves!

Hello animals: foxes, beavers, bears and wolves!

If a person every day greeted like this not only with relatives and friends, but also with all living things that surround him, maybe all those animals and plants that we will never see again would still live on Earth, people destroyed their.

The destruction continues to this day. The goals are different: someone wants to get more money for the sale of a rare animal or its fur. Someone wants to hunt for their own pleasure, and someone, without thinking, uproots flowers, kills a frog with a stick, throws a stone at a bird - having fun.

We made trips to our native land and excursions.

The path along the paths of the native land was not fruitless, and everyone made some discoveries for himself. We strived to see the beauty of our native nature, to realize that thoughtless human intervention can lead to irreversible consequences.

Interview with students: It is especially pleasant to see the concern of man for nature. Give examples.

(So ​​a resident of the village of Zadnevo cleared the spring, the source of the Iney River, equipped it with local residents gave it a second life. A resident of the village of Antushevo ennobled on the former noble estate park, built a dam on the river, created recreational areas along the river bank, paths for hiking.)

2. Slideshow by the teacher.

the teacher's word while watching the presentation: You will now watch the slide film. We look carefully, and after viewing, please express your impression of what you saw.

Let's take a mental look at our blue planet! Now it no longer seems to us huge and endless, rather fragile and defenseless. Today her health, her life is in danger.

3. Determining the topic and setting the learning task Imagine if objects of nature and living organisms could speak, what kind of signalsSOS did they send us?

Children's statements. The teacher shows two slides about the cry for help of living organisms.

(Discussion)

Guys, we are talking about environmental issues. But what is ecology?

What does the word "ecology" mean? This term was first proposed in 1960 by the German scientist Ernest Haeckel. This Greek word, consisting of two words: "oikos" - dwelling and "logos" - teaching, science.

Ecology is a science that studies how living beings are related to everything that surrounds them.

You often hear “Man is the king of nature!”

Guys, but who put man above nature? (man himself)

And can a person exist without nature: without air, water, birdsong, the scents of meadows, the rustle of leaves?

Students formulate the topic of the lesson (written on the board).

Setting learning objectives

1 . to study the main environmental problems of the native land, the reasons for the decrease in the species diversity of animals and plants in the native land; propose measures to protect the environment.This topic purpose

2. planning your future activities to solve a learning problem - target this lesson

4. Determining how to solve a learning problem : The teacher distributes cards with text to determine the fundamental question:

A person who has received unlimited power over nature has forgotten that he himself is a part of it. And as a result of his not always correct, barbaric economic activity Man is facing a severe environmental crisis. What does it mean? Its water and air are catastrophically quickly polluted. Drinkable water is getting scarcer and scarcer. The areas of forests that give oxygen to the earth are shrinking. We have learned that there are problems affecting the entire planet. The question arises: are there environmental problems in your native land? It is necessary to preserve the nature of the native land. Every person, young and old, should participate in this. Does the nature of the native land need help? Make a fundamental question: _________________________?

Fundamental question: ………………………….?)

Teacher: “Since you and I are residents of our native Kholmovsky region, and in the course of work, we found out that the nature of our area has a number of problems. Working with a slide


We define the problem: nature asks us for help, we must help her.

(problematic question): …………………………..?

Guys, to solve the problem, you and I must draw up a project

II. Organization of activities

    Group formation(possible individual implementation of the project) The second learning task of this lesson is determined.

2. Discussion of the organization of work(frontal conversation, writing on the board)

3. Planning project activities and its writing- “foreseeing what should be”

Choice of project topics. Formulation of project topics - research. Analyzing the "Environmental Problems" diagram. Each group chooses which problem it will work on. You can write on the board or cards the proposed research topics, for example

"Nature and Man" "Man in Nature" "Animals of the Native Land" "Animal Protection of the Poshekhonsky Territory" "We are responsible for nature!" " rare plants native land"

"Our smaller brothers" "Flowering land" "The problem of garbage" " Fresh air- guarantee of health

“Plants are the basis of life” “My spring land!” "The Edge of the Woods"

"We are friends of nature"

Fill the table

    Research topic- declarative sentence.

    Target begins with a verb (to study, explore, classify, find, explain, demonstrate, map, compile).

private question

Research topic

Purpose of the study

Information sources

Presentation Form

1. Determine the topic of research (the topic of research is always a declarative sentence). One particular question may correspond to several research topics.

2. Formulate the purpose of the study. (the goal always starts with a verb).

3. Distribution of responsibilities - "roles" in the group;

4. Select the presentation form.

5. Select information sources on this topic. Sources of information: popular science literature, materials of excursions, trips, Internet; interviews, life experience...

6. Result(how will you present your proposal for its conservation in front of nature): report; memo; booklet; poster; wall newspaper, photo newspaper; layout; computer slide film (presentation), album…

7. Speeches on the accumulated, discussion, clarification.

4 . Organizational matters

    the timing of the project;

    extracurricular consultations with the teacher;

    listening to intermediate results in the lessons, solving problems that have arisen;

    project evaluation (students are given evaluation tables)

III . Implementation of activities (after hours, teacher consultations)

IV. Presentation of results

1. Introduction by the teacher.

“We have reached the final stage and now the crucial moment has come - you have to present the results of your work. In your projects, you will present the main environmental problems of your native land, a description of nature conservation measures, so that students from other schools can use your experience.”

2. Setting the learning objectives of the lesson

Teacher: “In the course of working on the project, we identified environmental problems and identified measures taken to preserve the nature of our native land. But complete information about the essence and resolution of this problem you did not have. All of you worked on different topics, and today at the lesson you will have the opportunity to get information about all the identified problems on the state and nature protection. Therefore, what is the learning task for today's lesson?

- find out what environmental problems exist and how to preserve the nature of our area (writing on the blackboard);

In preparation for today's lesson, you have done a lot project work, each of you bought own experience this activity, which is meaningful both for you and your classmates. So name another learning task lesson

- analyze the work on the project.

3. Presentation of projects by students ( Defense time, answers to questions - 8 minutes)

4. Reflection. Analysis of the work on the project (recommendations were given in advance).

Installation for the presentation of projects

    What problem was put before you?

    What did the project give you personally?

    What interesting information received while working on a problem?

    Sources of information (how the knowledge gained at school was used; everyday experience; what new information and where did it come from, how was it considered).

    What failed due to personal fault, what did it consist of (misunderstanding, inability, lack of information, inadequate perception of one's capabilities, etc.)?

    What were the difficulties during the work on the project and how were they overcome?

    What forms of work have you chosen?

    What was the result?

    If everything went well, what is the key to this success?

Students can ask each other questions

Answers to questions from the Installation for the presentation of projects

5. Checking the knowledge gained in the lesson: test "Do you know your native land?"

6. Summarizing

Expression of opinions of students, teachers. Presentation of the diploma "Friend of Nature", as a sign of evaluation of the submitted work.