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Exercises to develop the attention of children of primary school age. Methodological development on the topic: Tasks for the development of the concentration of attention of elementary school students
The game "Deciphering the words"
Target: development of attention, memory, thinking.
Description. Children receive cards. It is required, using the code, to decipher the words. To do this, you must first solve the division example. The received answer is found in the code table. Write the letter corresponding to this number on a card, etc. If the examples are solved correctly, then it will be possible to read the resulting word.
Option 1
Card 1
Answer: field.
Card 2
Answer: tire.
Card 3
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Answer: revenge. Card 4 |
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Answer: width.
Card 5
Answer: vein.
Option 2
Card 1
Answer: pir.
Card 2
Answer: couple.
Card 3
Answer: pitching.
Card 4
Answer: brick.
Card 5
Answer: vaccination.
Option 3
Card 1
Answer: slave.
Card 2
Answer: porridge.
Card 3
Answer: skin.
Card 4
Answer: grandmother.
Card 5
Answer: shell.
Game "What's Right?"
Target: development of a sense of rhyme.
Description. Children listen to I. Selvinsky’s poem, and then, following the model, compose similar couplets with other words, for example: “cake”, “girlfriend”, “ice cream”, “pillow” (or: “picture”, “sofa”, “car”, "Cup").
WHAT IS RIGHT?
Buckwheat in a felt boot, a stove on a mound?
Boots in buckwheat, a mound in the stove?
Buckwheat in the oven, felt boots on the mound?
Felt boots in the oven, buckwheat on the mound?
I. Selvinsky
Examples.
WHAT IS RIGHT?
Cake on the pillow, ice cream at the girlfriend?
Pillow on cake, girlfriend on ice cream?
Cake at the girlfriend, ice cream on the pillow?
Pillow on girlfriend, cake on ice cream?
WHAT IS RIGHT?
A painting on the couch, a car in a glass?
A sofa above the picture, a glass above the car?
The picture is under the glass, the car is under the sofa?
A glass behind a picture, a sofa in a car?
The game "Answer soon!"
Target: development of attention, thinking, speed of reaction.
Description. The teacher asks the children to concentrate. At a fairly fast pace, he asks the children questions, to which they must answer in unison with the words “yes” or “no” at the same pace.
WHO LIVES IN THE ZOO?
Are zebras striped? Are lions mustachioed?
Huge gray elephant? Pechkin postman?
Is the crocodile toothy? Grey Wolf fanged?
Red fox? Nimble marten?
Is a fat hippopotamus really a belly ball?
Ruddy bun? The Golden Cockerel?
Dingo - a wild dog? Long-tailed macaque?
Are snakes poisonous? Are tigers angry?
Shapoklyak old woman? Grandma Yagushka?
Swamp kikimora? Is the turtle carefree?
WHAT IS SOLD IN THE TOY STORE?
Talking dolls? Are the frogs real?
Clockwork machines? False nails?
Silver rackets? Chocolates?
Fascinating kaleidoscope?
Professional microscope?
Teddy bears? Funny monkeys?
Aspirin tablets? Rag midshipman?
Plastic puppy? Wool scarf?
Paper clowns? Are robots important?
Metal constructor?
Is the steam locomotive electric?
In a cap of parsley? Cheesecake with cottage cheese?
Wooden rocking pit? Tin soldier?
Board game? Floor vase?
WHAT IS SOLD AT THE FRUITS - VEGETABLES SHOP?
Orange Orange? Fragrant tangerine?
Striped watermelon? Is the bear clumsy?
Is the melon golden? Is the pear fragrant?
Green cucumbers? Transparent lollipops?
Are pineapples sweet? Are nectarines smooth?
Soft sofas? Faceted glasses?
Are grapefruits bitter? Are plums sour?
Are the apples ripe? Are snowflakes white?
Teaspoons? Rubber boots?
Cherries are dark red? Are peaches great?
Are the tomatoes meaty? Silver cars?
Lie to your parents? Squabble with the teacher?
Sneak and make faces? Do sports?
Respect elders? Don't hurt animals?
Protect kids? Help comrades?
Loyal friendship? Live peacefully with everyone?
Take good care of your health?
Run around the corridors during breaks?
Love your homeland? Kind, sensitive to be?
Perform charging? Execute orders?
To play games honestly? Tearing flowers in bunches?
Not doing homework? Skip lessons?
Try to study for "five"? Play with matches?
Mastering bad habits?
Shoot sparrows with a slingshot?
Textbooks to crush and tear? Throwing bread in the canteen?
Calling rude words?
Do you answer confidently at the blackboard?
And to be silent when it is necessary to be silent?
WHO IS THE HERO OF RUSSIAN FOLK TALES?
Baba Yaga, bone leg? A hare whose hut is icy?
Matroskin, a practical cat? Stranger cute?
Shy Alyonushka? Working Cinderella?
Koschey the Immortal evil? Emelya, a wonderful guy?
Pinocchio, mischievous boy? Puss in Boots, rogue?
Frog frog? Mouse-norushka?
Gingerbread man, fried barrel? Winnie the Pooh and Piglet?
Hottabych, an old man with a beard? Goby Tar Barrel?
Patrikeevna Lisa? Snow Maiden, winter beauty?
Wise Vasilisa? Malvina, beautiful actress?
Game "Really?"
Target: development of attention, thinking.
Description. The teacher warns the children to be careful, then reads the lines below. If the children suspect some kind of trick, that is, they doubt the correctness of the statement, then they ask in chorus: “Really?”, After which they explain what they see as a mistake.
I will prepare cutlets from jam and sweets.
Out of the hole - look quickly! Three bears came out.
A deer sits on a bitch, looking in all directions.
As you know, tomatoes grow on the fence.
In the spring, the rook is not too lazy to catch frogs all day long.
Before you go to bed, you need to read a book.
They say that a fisherman sees a fisherman even from afar.
Autumn comes again, it brings us a harvest.
Sunday, as always, will be followed by Wednesday again.
Bears live in a den, as do rhinos.
If the buds have hatched, it means that soon there will be leaves.
Didn't you know that dogs have been in space?!
Whoever learns to smoke will harm his health.
The owl flies only during the day and sleeps deeply at night.
If you want - believe, if you want - check, a frog is not an animal.
I love sweets very much, because they are sweet!
Who does the exercises - strengthens his health.
Every student knows for sure that kefir is a dairy product.
Who argues and snaps, he is called a rude.
Pine needles are shorter than Christmas trees.
Who misses lessons, he gets "five".
If the roof leaks, then the apartment is flooded.
The knife cuts potatoes and meat, beets, fish and butter.
Everyone knows that the starling is a wonderful singer.
The snail crawls slowly, carrying its house on itself.
After October, September will come and bring us leaf fall.
The game "We train the visual numbness"
Target: development of attention, visual memory.
Description. The teacher demonstrates the table within 5-15 seconds (depending on the degree of preparedness of the class).
A task: remember the location of the signs, and then sketch them in the cells of pre-prepared empty tables (in a notebook).
The game "Stomp - clap"
Target: development of attention, thinking, speed of reaction. Description. At a fairly fast pace, the teacher reads the phrase. If the children agree with her, then they should clap their hands, if they do not agree, then stomp their feet.
People only work during the day and sleep at night.
A bee and a bumblebee are one and the same.
Leaf fall occurs in spring.
. "The Fox and the Crane" - a fairy tale by K. Ushinsky.
The elephant has a trunk.
Haymaking happens in summer.
In animals, the body is covered with hair.
One meter is one hundred centimeters.
One ruble is less than one hundred kopecks.
The chicken cackles.
The coldest time of the year is winter.
A square and a rectangle are quadrilaterals.
Yuri Gagarin was the first person in space.
Emerald is a stone.
Birds are animals.
Goats have rich milk.
Cranberries are harvested in summer.
All insects have six legs.
The busiest time of the year is autumn.
The rooster lays eggs.
The longest holidays are summer.
The alphabet and alphabet are one and the same.
The cow has hooves.
A bud is an unopened flower.
The tree has a trunk, and herbaceous plants- stem.
The rainiest time of the year is summer.
Blinds are curtains.
The bear wakes up after hibernation in the spring.
Beef is the meat of a cow.
The sun is a star.
Donkey and donkey are one and the same.
The cuckoo throws eggs into other people's nests.
Birch is a tree with white bark.
There is a proverb: chickens are counted in the fall.
There are ten toes on the feet.
A horseshoe is found on horses' hooves.
Santa Claus walks in a red or green suit.
The seller is a profession.
Oak is a long-lived tree.
Teremok was destroyed by a wolf.
The ladder is a ladder.
The Moon is the Earth's satellite.
UFO stands for: unidentified flying object.
Pine needles are long, and Christmas trees are short.
The game "With the accuracy of the camera"
Target: development of attention.
Description. Children receive envelopes with geometric shapes embedded in them. They are invited to take figures from the envelope as directed by the teacher and lay them out in one line so that one “clings” to the other, then draw them as accurately as possible.
1. FIND THE DIFFERENCE.
To develop the attention of young children school age you can use the following tasks:
a) Compare the pictures with each other and name the differences. Find 5 differences in these pictures (pp. 186-187).
b) What is the difference between these pictures? Find 10 differences (pp. 188-189).
2. For memory training, you can use curly tables, materials for conducting a correction test (details on the test method are described below).
3. For the development of attention junior schoolchildren game training may be recommended.
Game training to develop the attention of younger students
Numbers game
Students stand in a circle. The host offers the following game: “Now we will take turns counting from 1 to 30. Be careful, because numbers containing 3 or divisible by 3 cannot be pronounced. Instead, you need to make cotton. Whoever makes a mistake is out of the game."
Can you suggest another task option: do not name numbers containing four or divisible by 4, etc.
The game can be played more than once.
ATTENTION
188 Development of cognitive abilities of younger students
190 Development of cognitive abilities of younger students
A game"clock"
13 people can take part in the game (one of them is the leader). Children stand in a circle. The host invites them to depict the dial of a large clock, each child stands at a certain hour. They agree on where they will be at 12 o'clock. One of the participants in the game stands in the center, he must call the time. The facilitator explains to the participants of the game that the child standing where the hour hand should be at this time should make one clap, and the child who is standing where the minute hand will be should make two claps. One of the guys who makes a mistake stands in the center of the circle and will call the time.
The game "SING TOGETHER"
Children are comfortable in their seats. The facilitator invites the chorus to sing a song. e.g. "Blue Wagon". He explains what to do about it. One clap - we begin to sing. Two claps - we continue to sing, but mentally. One - clap - again we sing aloud. And so several times, until someone makes a mistake.
One of the guys who made a mistake becomes the leader himself.
A game"alphabet"
The children sit in a circle. The letters of the alphabet are distributed among the children. The fewer participants, the more letters of the alphabet for each. Next, the host dictates a phrase. And the guys, like on a typewriter, should “print out” this phrase. Typing the desired letter is indicated by clapping the hands of the participant in the game to whom this letter is assigned.
Attention
The one who makes mistakes becomes the leader. In this way, you can "print" several
a variety of phrases. One of the guys who never
was the leader, the most attentive.
A game"vice versa"
The guys sit in a circle. The game consists in the fact that the leader shows any movements, and the guys should do the opposite. If the leader raises his hands, the guys should them let down. If the leader folds his palms into a fist, the children should open their palms.
Whoever makes a mistake becomes the leader.
Game FORBIDDEN MOVEMENTS
The participants of the game are in a circle. The facilitator informs the students that they must repeat all the movements of the facilitator, except for one. As soon as the leader's hands go down, everyone should raise their hands up, that is, do the opposite. The one who makes mistakes becomes the leader.
Game "SEARCH OBJECT"
To conduct this game, the host prepares several small items: icon, eraser, ringlet, etc.
The host invites the participants of the game to carefully look around, remember well the situation in the room, the objects in it. After that, everyone except the leader leaves. The host puts one small object in a prominent place. Players are invited one by one. They are allowed to make one circle around the room and answer the question if there is a new item and what it is. Those who do not name the item are out of the game.
192 Development of cognitive abilities of younger students
The game "WHO IS MORE ATTENTIVE AND OBSERVANT?"
One of the guys becomes the leader, he must remember the poses of the players, their clothes, then leaves the room. During this time, the players must make 5 changes in their postures and clothing. Not every player has 5, but only 5. After that, the leader enters, he must return everyone to their original position.
If the presenter has found all 5 changes, then he has good powers of observation and high level attention.
Each player must be in the role of a leader.
A game"the most considerate"
The participants of the game stand in a semicircle. Then a leader is identified. The host must remember the order of the players in the game. Then the leader turns away. At this time, the players change places. The host must say how his comrades stood at the beginning of the game.
All players must take the place of the leader. All those who did not make a mistake are considered winners.
"WE PLAY COUNTING"
The participants of the game are divided into pairs, stand against each other. At the command of the leader, each pair begins to count from 1 to 100, with one partner pronouncing odd numbers, and the other even. Nearby are the same participants in the game, and they also think. In such an environment, it is difficult to count. But the participants in the game must try not to stray. The first couple to count to 100 wins.
ATTENTION
Game "TYPEWRITER"
This exercise is aimed at developing attention and developing the ability to work in a group.
The host invites the participants of the game to "print" the words of the famous poem: "At the seashore, there is a green oak ...".
The participants in the game must take turns naming the letters. When the word ends, everyone should stand up, and when it is necessary to put a punctuation mark, everyone stamps their feet, at the end of the line everyone should clap their hands.
Another condition: whoever makes a mistake is out of the game.
Game "FIND BUGS"
The students are given a text. The facilitator warns students to listen carefully, understand the content and main idea.
Then the same text is offered to the attention of students, but with slightly modified details. The task of students is to find and correct all erroneous judgments.
Students will need pens and paper to work. Everyone works independently, should note all inaccuracies.
It should be discussed who noticed how many inaccuracies.
The winner is the one who correctly noticed all the errors.
A game"TWO CASES SIMULTANEOUSLY"
This game can be used to develop attention to several objects at once. The students are divided into two teams.
The host hangs a homemade pendulum and
Similar information.
Primary school age is necessary for the upbringing of the baby and preparing him for the middle and senior classes.
In the past few years, psychologists have noted an increase in absent-mindedness, coupled with hyperactivity in children of primary school age. If a child cannot force himself to concentrate on something, then he misses a lot of the basic material. educational program, which you need to master for further successful learning. In such cases, it is necessary to develop attention in younger students. Exercise will help you achieve significant success in this.
involuntary attention
Every person is born with the principle of involuntary attention. So, among small objects, both a child and an adult will immediately find a large one, among green ones - red, among dark ones - light, etc. Marketing moves of many companies are based on this method.
In a small child (4-5 years old), the mechanism of involuntary attention is well developed so that he easily remembers something bright, colorful. Therefore, tasks for preschoolers should be built according to the principle “colorful means noticeable”.
Arbitrary attention
With age, a person develops, he learns to remember and find what he needs, and not what catches the eye. The task of parents is to develop this mechanism in the baby. Almost from the most conscious age, the child hears such words as “look carefully”, “be attentive in class”, “listen carefully to the teacher and behave well”, etc.
Let the baby still not fully understand the meaning of the word “mindfulness”, but from the words of the parent it becomes clear to him that his task is to remember something or just understand.
It takes several to play. clean sheets paper and ordinary buttons. The first opponent takes three buttons and puts them on his sheet of paper in a certain order, allows the second player (child) to remember the position of the buttons (maximum 20 seconds), then closes the set with a second sheet of paper. The task of the kid on his sheet is to lay out the buttons in the same order as that of his opponent (adult or child). Over time, depending on age or development, you can complicate the game: add more buttons, draw a sheet into cells and put buttons in them.
Search for letters
Attention, thinking goes side by side with the expansion of the horizons of the child, which is not complete without the skill of reading and writing. So, the next game is aimed precisely at the formation of this skill.
The child is offered a sheet with randomly arranged letters. The kid needs, at the direction of adults, to collect words from these letters. For example, an adult says: “Show me how to write your name,” and the child, while speaking, points to the letters of his name in a certain order.
"Hunters"
The level of attention development directly depends on the child's ability to self-control, if the baby learns to calm down on his own, without shouting and remarks from adults, then he will take another step towards the successful formation of selective attention. This game is suitable for kindergarten children.
The caregiver or parent tells the child (perhaps a group of children) that they are hunters and they need to listen to every sound in the "forest" so as not to miss good prey. For a while, the children should sit in complete silence (up to 5 minutes). Then tell the adult what they heard. Perhaps it will be the creak of a door or floorboards, the noise of cars outside the window.
Other adults can also be connected to the game, who will create any sounds. For example, the ringing of a bell or the rustling of leaves if there is no wind. Here, children need not only to hear any sounds, but also to remember them in order to tell them later. This is how attention, memory, and motor skills of the child develop.
Thus, the peculiarities of the development of the attention of each child are individual, however, the methods invented by teachers and speech therapists ultimately allow all children to grow up and live a happy, fulfilling life without problems with the attention mechanism.
A set of tasks for the development of attention
junior schoolchildren
Borodina Svetlana Anatolievna,
teacher primary school
GBOU secondary school No. 121 of St. Petersburg
This complex is designed for developing activities with children of primary school age and is presented in the form of 4 blocks.
Organization of classes: special exercises may be included in studying proccess where, in the classroom, children are offered activities and games aimed at developing the basic properties of attention. Also, some exercises can be used at breaks.
The material was selected taking into account the age capabilities of the students.
Classes can be held at school desks and, if possible, in a circle of 10-15 people.
The purpose of the classes: to develop the basic properties of attention in schoolchildren with the help of games and training sessions.
1. Compose classes aimed at developing the volume, switching, concentration and stability of attention.
2. Develop cognitive interest.
There are certain types of activities that make high demands, both on individual properties of attention and on the level of voluntary attention in general. These include exercises, games, special tasks, the systematic use of which helps to increase the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical work to develop attention in children of primary school age.
Block 1. Tasks that can be offered for work in the Russian language lesson.
Task number 1.
"Make a word."
Lead time: 5 minutes.
Instruction: Children in their workbooks should make up as many words as possible from the proposed set of letters.
Option 1: a, k, s, o, i, m, p, t.
Option 2: m, w, a, n, i, s, d, p.
Task number 2.
Alphabet game.
Lead time: 10 minutes.
Instructions: Children can sit in a circle (or stay at their desks). Letters of the alphabet from A to Z are distributed among the children. The fewer participants, the more letters of the alphabet for each. Next, the teacher (leader) dictates a phrase or word. And the guys, like on a typewriter, should “print out” this phrase. Typing the desired letter is indicated by clapping the hands of the participant in the game to whom this letter is assigned.
The one who makes mistakes becomes the leader.
Thus, it is possible to “print out” several very different phrases or words. The one of the guys who has never been a leader is the most attentive.
This task can be completed within school year 10 minutes per lesson (2-3 times a week).
Task number 3.
"Correct Exercises"
Purpose: development of concentration and self-control when performing written works.
Lead time: 5 minutes (at least 5 times a week) for 4 months.
Material: texts in workbooks or printed (letter) texts, pens and pencils.
Instruction: Within 5 minutes need;
Option 1. Cross out all encountered (or circle) the letters "A": both small and capital, and in the title of the text, and in the author's surname;
Option 2. "I" underline, "L" cross out;
Option 3. "E" circle, "D" cross out;
Option 4. "O" underline, "K" cross out;
Option 5. Letters are circled on one side, ticked on the other, and so on.
Checking the completion of the task is carried out by the students themselves from each other (they look for errors, correct them).
Task number 4.
The game "Inverted words".
Purpose: to develop in children the ability to concentrate.
Lead time: 10-15 minutes.
Instruction: Students are offered a set of words in which the letters are mixed up in places. It is necessary to restore the normal word order.
Example: MAIZ- WINTER, NYANAAV- BATH.
a) SHIAMNA- b) LABOSAK- c) SYUB-
TEEVR- DAUM- LOCHDO-
FEKRI- TRKO- LOR-
EZEZHOL- RMEO- META-
AKSHA- NALEP- VORK-
The task can be used when studying the topic: “Noun”, where it is additionally given to determine the gender and declension. noun.
Task number 5.
Typewriter game.
Purpose: development of concentration of attention; developing the ability to work in a group.
Lead time: 10 minutes (oral work).
Instruction: The teacher invites students to "print" a sentence.
For example: "The ocean is great, but a drop is profit for it."
The participants in the game must take turns naming the letters. When the word ends, you must stand up, and when it is necessary to put a punctuation mark, everyone stamps their foot, at the end of the sentence, everyone must clap their hands.
Whoever makes a mistake is out of the game.
Task number 6.
"Correct the mistakes in the text."
Purpose: to establish the level of stability of students' attention when performing and checking written work; attention training.
Time spending: 10-15 minutes, during the school year.
Instruction: “The text is written on the board. Read carefully. Find the mistakes you made.
Option 1 . Along the steep mountain path
Black lamb went home
And on the bridge humpbacked
Met a white brother
shook one horn,
Rest on the other feet ...
How not to twist the horns,
And you can't get through both.
(S. Mikhalkov).
Option 2.
Dandelions.
Everyone knows these simple flowers. They look like a small sun with golden rays. Dandelion seeds ripen quickly and become fluffy balls. Blow on the ball, and light fluffs will float in the air. That is why people called this flower dandelion.
Option 3.
A nimble kid is running. The winter lger has opened.
Litit is a huge eagle. Blooming white lilac.
It's fucking raining. Get the cutlery.
There is a glass vase. Lost a thin needle.
New Year's Eve is coming soon. A pot-bellied samovr boils.
This task should be done 3-5 times a week. First, students find errors orally, correct them with an explanation, and then each independently writes the text in his own workbook.
They exchange notebooks and check again. Texts (sentences) are selected each time new. The practice of working with this task showed that errors in written tasks were significantly reduced. This affected the overall performance of the class.
Task number 7.
"Join the halves of the words."
Time spending: 5-10 minutes.
Instruction: Words are divided into two parts. Then, the first halves are written in discord in the left column, and the second in the right. It is necessary to connect these halves with each other so that whole words are obtained.
Option 1. Option 2.
SAMO LYAR ROD RAST
BUK VERT WHEN RIDING
FOOT VAR WHO INA
BAL VAR RAZ GOROK
CAP CON BY POINT
CON NAL SOR BOR
WA KA STEAM WHO
CA GON WATER FOR
GON KANG SEM TA
Children write down the composed words in workbooks, then check. Can be given Additional tasks not only on the topic of the lesson, but also as material for repetition.
Task number 8.
"Find words".
Time spending: 5-7 minutes.
Instruction: Words are written on the board, in each of which you need to find another word hidden in it and underline it.
Laughter, wolf, pole, scythe, bison, regiment, fishing rod, stranded, set, prick, road, deer, patty, tunic.
Task number 9.
The game "Write a proposal."
Purpose: development of concentration of attention, consolidation of knowledge about the members of the proposal.
Lead time: 15 minutes.
Instructions: The participants of the game are divided into 2 teams. In each team, one of the players will play the role of the subject, someone will play the role of the predicate, addition, definition, circumstance, someone will be a preposition, comma, period, etc. The role played is written on a card and attached to the clothes.
Then the teacher (leader) dictates a sentence. Which team does it faster and more correctly, that one wins.
Task number 10.
The game "Many - one".
Time spending: 5-10 minutes.
Instruction: Children sit in a circle (you can stay at school desks).
The teacher, throwing the ball, calls the word in plural. The child, returning the ball, is in the singular (or vice versa, the teacher calls the word in singular, child - plural).
Cats, rooks, forests, rows, bridges, pillars, hills, traces, houses, moles, eyes, cabinets, elephants, gardens, bushes, noses, pancakes, sheets, mushrooms, tables, knives, kata, bows, forfeits, floors, brothers, gnomes, mouths, watches, bolts, ladle, rubles, umbrellas.
The task is given when studying the topic "Noun" singular. and many others. h. (nouns change) orally. Additionally, the task is given to determine the units of nouns. hours gender and declension.
Task number 11.
Exercise "Method of Münsterberg".
goal: the formation of concentration and stability of attention in children; development of selective attention.
Time spending: 5-10 minutes.
Instruction: Words are inserted into a meaningless set of letters (more often nouns, but there may be verbs, adjectives, adverbs). It is required to find them as quickly as possible and without errors. The child is given a form with printed lines of randomly typed letters, following one after another without spaces. Among these letters, students must find the words and underline them. Then the students exchange a notebook with a desk mate and check the assignment (correct mistakes, underline words not found).
The indicator of success can be the number of correctly found words.
Task number 12.
Exercise "Come up with a word."
Purpose: training of the volume of attention.
Time spending: 3-5 minutes.
Instruction: The teacher throws the ball to each of the students, offering to name as many words as possible for the sound he proposed. For example: "M" - car, furniture, sink, matryoshka, etc. (you can use not only nouns, but also adjectives and verbs).
Task number 13.
Exercise "Compose words."
Purpose: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Time spending: 5-10 minutes.
Instruction: Compose and write down in your workbook as many words as possible from the letters that form a word (nouns).
Example: PHOTOGRAPHY - reef, shooting gallery, mountain, bargaining, grotto, thrust, graph, etc.
Adding other letters is not allowed. Words are used differently.
Task number 14.
Exercise "Invisible Words".
Purpose: the formation of concentration of attention in children, using the example of composing a word from individual letters.
Time spending: 10 minutes.
Instruction: The teacher (student) writes on the board (or in the air) with his finger a word one letter at a time. Children write letters as they appear on paper or try to remember them (depending on the degree of preparedness). Then it is discussed which word each got. The teacher can involve one of the students in the image of the word. In this case, he shows one after another the cards with the letters written on them to the child, which he reproduces with his finger on the board (you can gradually increase the pace of the exercise).
The received words can be written down in workbooks (additional tasks are given).
Task number 15.
Exercise "Find related words."
Purpose: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Lead time: 5-10 minutes.
Instruction: Different words (roots of words) are offered.
For example: a house, a forest, a cat, a table, etc. It is necessary in a possible a short time find as many related (single-root) words as possible.
For example: HOUSE - a house, a house, a house, a house, a house, a house, a house, a house, etc. This task can be used when studying the topic: "The composition of the word and word formation."
Task number 16.
The game "The Fourth Extra".
Goal: development of concentration.
Lead time: 10-15 minutes.
Instruction: Children sit in a circle (possible at their desks). The teacher throws the ball to the student and names 4 objects, 3 of which belong to the same general concept. The child must identify an extra item, i.e. not suitable for the others, name him and return the ball to the teacher (work is carried out along the “chain”).
Option 1.
1) table, chair, bed, kettle;
2) horse, cat, dog, pike;
3) Christmas tree, birch, oak, strawberry;
4) cucumber, turnip, carrot, hare;
5) notebook, newspaper, notebook, briefcase;
6) cucumber, watermelon, apple, ball;
7) wolf, fox, bear, cat;
8) a doll, a typewriter, a skipping rope, a book;
9) train, plane, scooter, steamer;
10) skis, skates, boat, sled.
Option 2.
1) snow, frost, heat, ice;
2) bus, tram, plane, trolleybus;
3) river, forest, asphalt, field;
4) firefighter, astronaut, ballerina, policeman;
5) desk, board, student, hedgehog;
6) snake, snail, butterfly, turtle;
7) brushes, paints, kettle, canvas;
8) hat, roof, door, window;
9) milk, tea, lemonade, bread;
10) leg, arm, head, shoe.
Task number 17.
Game "Happy Horse"
Purpose: formation of concentration and stability of attention.
Lead time: 10 minutes.
Instruction: Without rearranging the letters, write down 7 sentences from this letter combination (teamwork).
NOW LIFT ALSO.
1) Raise those feathers, those too. 2) Those feathers under him, and those too. 3) Raise those feathers too. 4) Now I, pick those up too. 5) Now I, pick up too. 6) Now I'm under them those too. 7) Those feathers under them, those too.
The task is given when studying the topic "Offer".
Task number 18.
Exercise "School essays".
Time spending: 5-7 minutes.
Instructions: Be careful. Why are these lines school essays considered humorous? How should one write? Fix it.
- 1. A flock of ducks and hares appeared in the distance.
- 2. The Baikal puppy has ears and a fluffy tail merrily sticking out on the top of his head.
- 3. A heavy hand rested on my shoulder and said...
- 4. He stood and blinked his eyes.
- 5. In winter, many animals hibernate.
The above tasks help children become not only more attentive, but also make Russian language lessons more varied and exciting. It is also necessary to include riddles, charades, crosswords and rebuses in the lessons.
Block 2. At the lesson of mathematics, you can use tasks to train the stability of attention, the ability to switch and distribute attention.
Task number 1.
Exercise "Each hand - its own business."
goal: the formation of the distribution of attention in children and at the same time processing the memorization skill.
Instruction: Children are asked to slowly move a book with illustrations with their left hand for 1 minute (memorizing them), and draw with their right geometric figures or solve simple examples.
Task number 2.
goal: the formation of switching attention in children.
Time spending: 5-7 minutes.
Instructions: Students work in a workbook.
Option 1: Fill in the blanks to make an offer. To do this, solve examples. Replace number answers with words. Insert the first letters of these words instead of a dash. The number 1 can be replaced by the words "one" (0) and "one" (E). The number of the block of examples corresponds to the number of the word in the sentence.
Example: ---and
Answer: CHILDREN, since 18-8=10 (D); 22:22=1(E); 18:6=3(T).
IR - - - I - - LV - - - - - -U - I - L - I - - - I - U -.
1. 10:5= 2. 7+8= 4. 25:5=
9-8= 3. 24:2= 12:4=
9-5= 21-10= 10x5=
10-10= 15-14= 6x5=
6. 1-1= 9+8= 27:9= 10x3= 20-7=
Option 2. Insert missing letters instead of dashes to make words. But first, solve the examples, and in the answer, instead of a number, write down the first letter of the word denoting this number. Keep in mind that 1 is both "one", and "one", and "one".
Example: - - - YX
We insert the received letters instead of gaps and get the word COCK.
64:8= - - - - 8+8=
5x4=
b 4x4 \u003d - - A - - b - 49: 7 \u003d
The task is carried out at the beginning of the lesson in the form of an oral account. Gradually the task becomes more difficult.
Task number 3.
Exercise "Counting with interference."
Purpose: the formation of switching attention in children.
Time spending: 3 minutes.
Instruction: Children call the numbers from 1 to 20 (you can from 1 to 30, from 1 to 40, etc.), while writing them down on a piece of paper or on the board in reverse order: says 1, writes 20, says 2, writes 19 etc. The number of errors is counted.
Task number 4.
"Name the neighbors."
goal: development of voluntary attention.
Time spending: 5-7 minutes.
Instruction: Work is carried out orally. Children sit in a circle (or at their desks). The teacher throws the ball to the students in turn, calling out numbers from 0 to 30 (gradually the numbers and the pace of work increase). The one who catches the ball must name the "neighbors" of the given number, i.e. numbers 1 less and 1 more than the named number, or the previous and the next. The student then returns the ball to the teacher. If the child who caught the ball misses twice in the name of the “neighbors”, he is eliminated and closely follows the game from the side. The last of the children is considered the most attentive. The task is applied in the oral account.
Task number 5.
Team Score.
Purpose: the formation of children's concentration of attention on the example of arithmetic exercises and operations.
Time spending: 10 minutes.
Instruction: The class is divided into two teams. The order of numbers (within 10, 20, etc.) and the used arithmetic operations(+; -; x; :). Then the children of the first team call the numbers in turn, the teacher or one of the children calls the arithmetic operations. The children of the second team follow this row and perform operations in their minds. Then the teams switch rows. The team with the most correct answers wins.
Task number 6.
"Guess the word".
Purpose: development of concentration and switching of attention.
Time spending: 10 minutes.
Instructions: There are columns of examples written on the board. If you count correctly, you will get a word that is “encoded” with letters.
L B O N R A C W T H
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
122 7112 8679 777
334 + 1136 - 7141 -326
456 8248 1538 451
CANCER CAKE BOW RAB
The task gradually becomes more difficult. For children, this task helps not only to become more attentive, but also quickly and effectively master the rules of addition and subtraction of numbers in a column, as well as multiplication and division. multi-digit numbers within a million.
Work can be carried out both at the beginning and at the end of the lesson. Observation showed that the guys perform this task with great interest and desire. Calculation errors have been significantly reduced.
Task number 7.
Clock game.
Purpose: formation of concentration of attention.
Time spending: 10-15 minutes.
Instruction: 13 people can take part in the game (one of them is the leader). Children stand in a circle. The host invites them to depict the dial of a large clock, each child stands at a certain number. They agree on where they will be at 12 o'clock. One of the participants in the game stands in the center, he must call the time. The facilitator explains to the participants of the game that the child standing where the hour hand should be at this time should make one clap, and the child who is standing where the minute hand will be should make two claps. One of the guys who makes a mistake becomes in the center of the circle and will call the time.
The game is played while studying the topic "Time and its measurement".
Task number 8.
"We play counting."
goal: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Time spending: 10 minutes.
Instruction: Participants work in pairs (desk neighbors). Stand (or sit) opposite each other. At the teacher's command, each pair begins to count from 1 to 100, with one partner pronouncing odd numbers, and the other even. Nearby are the same participants in the game, and they also count. In such an environment, it is difficult to count. But the participants in the game must try not to stray. The first couple to count to 100 wins.
Task number 9.
"Each hand has its own business."
Purpose: the formation of the distribution of attention.
Behavior time: 5 minutes.
Instructions: Draw with one hand with the other
with one hand, the other, etc.
Used as a geometric material.
Task number 10.
The game "We count together."
Goal: development of concentration.
Time spending: 5-7 minutes.
Instruction: “Now we will count with you, just count: 1,2, 3, etc. One of us will start the count, and the next one will continue, and so on. We will try to count as quickly as possible. In the process of counting, one condition will have to be observed: if you have to name a number that includes the number 6 (for example: 16), then, pronouncing this number, you will have to stand up (you can complicate the exercise by replacing standing up with clap without pronouncing the number ).
If one of us makes a mistake, then he is out of the game, but at the same time he is watching the game. We all have to be very careful and remember who is already out and who is still playing."
The game is played at the beginning of the lesson as a warm-up.
Block 3. Tasks that can be used in reading lessons.
Task number 1."Time is expanding..."
Purpose: to train the amount of attention and concentration.
Instruction: “Now I will read you a poem by Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak “We know: time is extensible”, and you will try to listen carefully so that after reading you can answer my questions.”
We know that time is extensible,
It depends on
What kind of content
You fill it.
He has blockages
And sometimes it flows
Unloaded, empty
Hours and days are in vain.
Let the intervals be even
What separates our days
But, putting them on the scales,
Finding long minutes
And very short hours.
What is this poem talking about?
What time periods are mentioned?
What is the name of the poem?
What is the central, most important thought S.Ya. wanted to express? Marshak?
Such work is carried out constantly at each lesson. Products may vary.
Task number 2.
"Read the poem."
goal: development of stability and concentration.
Instruction: “Before you are forms with printed lines of letters. The lines of the poem by A.S. Pushkin. Try to read them."
Correct answer.
Chased by spring rays,
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped in muddy streams...
Task number 3.
Exercises that develop attention to the word and its parts.
1. Reading words and phrases for a certain time (cultivating attention to the end of a word, reading words with a common root: water, water, white, linen, native, Motherland; a combination of a noun with an adjective: clean coast, near a distant forest) to the root of the word , (with a different root, but with the same endings: purity-frequency, girl-grandfather, bun-squirrel). Usage different parts speech.
Purposeful installation reading.
Using the method of mutual verification: the student reads the text of 1-2 paragraphs to his neighbor, he monitors the correctness and marks the errors. Then the roles change - the other reads the next two paragraphs.
Books - collectives are used in the work.
Task number 4.
"Reading with Disturbance".
Goal: training the distribution of attention.
Instruction: Work is carried out with books - collectives (or a textbook on reading). Children read the text while tapping out a rhythm with a pencil. The next step is to work on the text.
Task number 5.
A game. "Give the meaning of the poem."
Purpose: development of voluntary attention.
Instruction: All students are divided into three teams (three columns). The host and his two assistants each read a quatrain, but as follows: first, everyone takes turns reading the first line from each quatrain, then they read the second line in turn, then the third and fourth in the same way.
With such a reading, it is difficult to immediately grasp the content of each quatrain, so the reading can be repeated.
The task for the 1st team is to convey the meaning of the first poem, the task for the 2nd team is to convey the meaning of the second poem, the task for the 3rd team is to convey the meaning of the third poem. Poems must be complex.
Block 4. Consider some tasks that are recommended to be carried out during after hours (during breaks).
Task number 1.
"Listen to the silence" (change).
Purpose: the formation of perseverance and the ability to concentrate in children.
Instructions: Everyone listens to silence for 3 minutes. Discussion follows: who heard what and in what order.
Task number 2.
The game "Four Elements" (used as a physical pause).
Purpose: the development of attention associated with the coordination of the auditory apparatus and the motor analyzer.
Instruction: Children perform near the desks (during a physical break). On the command "earth" - the children should lower their hands down, "water" - stretch forward, make a swimming movement, "air" - raise their hands up, and on the command "fire" - rotate their arms in the elbow joints. Whoever makes a mistake is out of the game.
Task number 3.
Exercise "Messed up lines".
Goal: development of concentration.
Material: cards with drawn, mixed up lines of the same color and for each child.
Time spending: 5 minutes.
Instruction: “The form shows mixed lines. trace the line
from left to right to determine where it ends. You need to start from line 1. You must write down the number with which this line ends. When completing the task, you need to trace the line with your eyes, without using your finger and pencil.
Task number 4.
Game "Remember sounds".
goal: development of concentration, auditory memory.
Instructions: Sit comfortably and close your eyes. I will now walk around the room and make various sounds. Maybe I open and close the door, shake the wastebasket, or knock on the radiator. I would like you to listen carefully and guess what I am doing. Listen carefully so that you can later describe these sounds. Try to remember the sequence of these sounds as well.
The children will then have to describe what they have heard and compare the results with those of others.
After the teacher has played this game a couple of times, the children themselves will be able to play this role.
Task number 5.
Exercise "Minute".
Purpose: to develop in children the ability to concentrate. Also, this exercise is a good diagnostic method for studying the internal pace of the child.
Instruction: The teacher asks the students to internally measure the time as 1 minute (60 seconds). When the inner minute is over, everyone raises their hand. The teacher uses a stopwatch to measure real time and records the degree of discrepancy for each answer.
Task number 6.
Rock, paper, scissors game.
Goal: development of concentration.
Instructions: The participants of the game are divided into groups. On the count of "Three", each participant throws out one of three figures on his fingers: a stone - a fist, scissors - two fingers, paper - an open palm. Moreover, there is a rule: scissors cut paper, stone blunts scissors, paper can wrap itself around a stone. Accordingly, a player who has thrown out such a piece on his fingers that “defeats” the opponent (for example, a stone will defeat scissors) remains, and the losing player leaves the game. Now this game is considered popular among students. They constantly play it at all breaks, chips and cards are used.
Task number 7.
"Be careful".
Purpose: development of voluntary attention.
Material: each student has a printed text.
Instructions: “Read the text carefully and only once. And then try to accurately answer the question.
Task number 8.
The game "Search non-stop."
Purpose: increase the amount of attention.
Instruction: Within 10-15 seconds, see around you as many objects of the same color (or the same size, shape, material, etc.) as possible. At the signal of the teacher, one child begins the enumeration, the others complete it.
Task number 9.
Exercise "Live picture".
Purpose: the formation and development of children's attention span.
Instruction: The teacher (or one of the children) organizes the participants (from 2 to all) into any group. Participants freeze in a given position. The driver examines this sculptural group for 30 seconds, then turns away. A strictly specified number of changes are made to the picture. (For example: 2 participants change places, the 3rd lowers his raised hand, the 4th turns in the other direction - 3 changes in total). The task of the driver is to restore the original picture.
Task number 10.
Purpose: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Instruction: The exercise is performed sitting in a circle or the group becomes in a circle. “Let each of you come up with a movement and demonstrate it to everyone in turn. At the same time, we will be attentive and try to remember the movement of everyone. The group does this part of the task.
“Now that we have all memorized each other's movements, let's proceed to the exercise itself. The one who starts, first performs his movement, and then the movement of one of us to whom he wants to pass the move. You all need to be very careful not to miss the moment when your own move is made and the right to move passes to you. The one to whom the move is passed will have to make his move and pass the move on.
Pay attention to one limitation: you cannot transfer the move back, i.e. the one who just gave it to you."
During the exercise, the teacher encourages the participants to act faster. At the end of the exercise, you can ask the question: “What difficulties did you have?”, “What is your mood?”.
Task number 11.
Goal: development of switching attention.
Instructions: The exercise is performed while sitting or all participants stand in a circle.
“Let one of you walk out the door. We (those who remain) will choose one
the person who will initiate the movement. He will perform any movements, changing them from time to time, and we will all repeat them. The participant who was outside the door will return to the room, stand in the center of the circle and, carefully watching us, will try to understand who is the initiator of the movement. When one of the participants walks out the door, the group decides who will initiate the movement.
Task number 12.
Exercise: "Shadow".
Purpose: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Instruction: “Before you is a form with figures of the depicted gnomes. Find out which dwarf the shadow belongs to." (Appendix).
Task number 13.
The game "Sing Together".
Goal: development of concentration.
Instruction: The teacher offers to sing a song together, for example, “Blue Carriage” or “Smile”. Moreover, if the teacher claps his hands 1 time, everyone begins to sing out loud in unison. If it claps 2 times, everyone continues to sing, but only mentally to themselves. If claps again 1 time, everyone again continues to sing aloud. And so several times, until one of the participants makes a mistake. The one who makes a mistake becomes the leader himself.
Task number 14.
Exercise "Hide and Seek".
Purpose: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Instructions: Find the items that are hidden in the picture.
Task number 15.
The game "Roll call - confusion."
goal: development of voluntary attention.
Instruction: The host calls the names and surnames of the children present, while confusing either the first name or the last name (the first name is called correctly, the last name is not; the last name is correct, the first name is wrong). Children listen attentively and call out only when both the name and surname are correctly named. Whoever makes a mistake is out of the game.
Task number 16.
Exercise "Primitive schoolchildren".
Purpose: development of concentration and stability of attention.
Instruction: Find a pair of the same: out of eight boys.
Task number 17.
The game "Fish, bird, beast."
Purpose: development of the ability to switch attention.
Instructions: Children sit in a circle. The host points to each player in turn and says: "Fish, bird, beast, fish, bird, beast, fish ...". The player on whom the counting rhyme stopped must quickly (while the leader counts to three) name, in this case, the fish. Moreover, the names should not be repeated. If the answer is correct, the leader continues the game. If the answer is incorrect or the name is repeated (delay in the answer is also considered a mistake), then the child is eliminated from the game, leaving his “fant” to the leader. The game continues until one player remains. He and the presenter play out what to do for each "fantas".
Task number 18.
Chorus game.
Goal: development of concentration.
Instructions: 3-4 children take part in the game. The rest are watching the game closely.
One of the playing children is asked to leave the door for a while (or turn their backs to the players), the rest receive cards with words from one sentence, which must be pronounced at the signal of the leader at the same time - each his own word. The task of the guesser is to understand and pronounce the entire sentence. The game is played several times so that all the children take part in it. If the "guesser" does not cope with the task immediately, you can repeat. The winner is the one for whom fewer offers were made:
A group was walking down the street.
The goat went for nuts.
It became important for the toad to croak.
Forty flew high.
The fly found the money.
The cuckoo walked past the garden.
The cook was preparing dinner.
The poor cat cut her paw.
There is a stump in the swamp.
There lived an old man.
The elephant is walking along the path.
Practice shows that students lower grades with great interest and diligence relate to such classes, in which, as a special learning task the formation of attention is put.
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The development of concentration.corrective tasks. The child is asked to find and cross out certain letters in printed text. This is the main type of exercise in which the child has the opportunity to feel what it means to "be attentive" and develop a state of inner concentration. Performing proofreading tasks contributes to the development of concentration and self-control when students perform written work. To conduct them, you will need any printed texts (old unnecessary books, newspapers, etc.), pencils and pens. For children 6-11 years old, it is advisable to use texts in large print. Corrective exercises should be carried out daily for 5 minutes (at least 5 times a week) for 2-4 months. Lessons can be individual or group.
Instruction. Within 5 minutes, you need to find and cross out all the letters “A” encountered (any letter can be indicated): both small and capital, and in the title of the text, and in the author's surname.
As you master the game, the rules become more complicated: the letters you are looking for change, they are crossed out in different ways, etc .; two letters are simultaneously searched, one is crossed out, the second is underlined; on one line, the letters are circled, on the second they are marked with a tick, etc.
All changes made are reflected in the instructions given at the beginning of the lesson. Based on the results of the work, the number of gaps and incorrectly crossed out letters is counted. An indicator of normal concentration of attention is 4 or fewer gaps. More than 4 passes - weak concentration. This task is recommended to be carried out in the form of a game, adhering to the following rules:
1. The game is played in a friendly atmosphere. Younger children can be additionally interested in these activities by inviting them to train to be attentive also in order to become good drivers, pilots, doctors (after finding out who they want to be).
2. Losing should not cause feelings of displeasure, so you can introduce funny “penalties”: meow as many times as you made mistakes, crow, jump on one leg, etc.
3. For toddlers, the rate of allowed passes at each lesson should change and approximately equal the actual number of passes that the child makes.
4. The time of the lesson should not exceed 5 minutes.
5. The amount of text viewed does not matter and may be different for different children: from 3-4 sentences to several paragraphs or pages.
6. Checking the performance of the task in group classes is carried out by the students themselves from each other, they also come up with “penalties”. The practice of working with this task shows that after the first 3-4 weeks of classes, there is a reduction in errors in written tasks by 2-3 times. To consolidate the skills of self-control, it is necessary to continue classes for 2-4 months. If after 4 months of classes there is no improvement, they should be stopped and seek help from a speech therapist. When working with children 6-8 years old, it is very important to observe one more condition: each lesson begins with a new agreement on the possible number of errors. It is necessary to proceed from the actual number of mistakes made, so that the child does not have a feeling of hopelessness, the inability to achieve the desired result. This is easy to do on individual lessons. In group classes, it can be difficult to achieve a general norm, so here you can pay attention to the variety of fines assigned by children to each other, and individual support for the child.
In order for the developmental effect of the game to be more noticeable when the child completes written learning tasks, it is necessary, simultaneously with the introduction of the game, to change the child's attitude to reading a Russian language textbook. This can be achieved by a comparative explanation of how words are read and how they are written. It should be explained to the children that in the Russian language textbook all the words written in the exercise must be read aloud as they are written, naming unpronounceable letters, punctuation marks, etc. When checking the written task completed by the child, the teacher must emphasize that reading is written you need to say it out loud and as if it was written by “another boy or girl, and you don’t know what is written here, so pronounce each letter the way it is written.” It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the exercise must be perceived as if it was performed by someone else - “another girl”, “a poorly trained puppy”, since children, checking their text, start from the meaning (and it is already known) , and no calls to read carefully do not improve things: children do not see missing and misspelled letters. Attributing a completed task to another alienates one's own creation and allows one to take it critically. For children who have difficulty concentrating, a more detailed stage of external actions is necessary.
Reading text up to the given expression. Children are invited to: read the text to the expression specified by the teacher in advance. Exercises based on the principle of exact reproduction of any sample. Children are offered some kind of graphic pattern (a sequence of several letters, numbers, a geometric pattern made in cells, etc.) and are given the task of accurately reproducing it (for example, to the end of a notebook line or on several lines).
"Find the words." Words are written on the board, in each of which you need to find another word hidden in it. For example: laughter, wolf, pillar, scythe, regiment, bison, fishing rod, stranded, set, injection, road, deer, pie, tunic.
The distribution of numbers in a certain order. In the left table there are 25 numbers from 1 to 40. You need to rewrite them in ascending order in an empty table on the right, starting from the top left square.
"Twisted Lines". Tracking a line from its beginning to the end, especially when it is intertwined with other lines, contributes to the development of concentration and concentration. To complete this task, you need cards 12x7 cm in size with drawn mixed lines of the same color.
The game is played with children 6-7 years old for 3-5 minutes daily for 3-4 weeks. The lesson can be organized as an individual or as a group. Each child receives a card with the following instruction: “Look at the card. Along the edges of the card there are vertical lines with dashes next to which there are numbers. These numbers are connected by tangled lines (paths). Within a few minutes, you only need to use your eyes without the help of your hands to find a path (“walk along it”) leading from one number to another: from one to one, from two to two, from three to three, etc. Is everything clear? As you master the game, new cards are offered with more intricate lines connecting different numbers: one with a three, two with a seven, etc. reverse side cards write down answers: pairs of connecting numbers.
"Find differences". Tasks of this type require the ability to highlight the features of objects and phenomena, their details and master the operation of comparison. Systematic and purposeful teaching of comparison to schoolchildren contributes to the development of the skill of timely activation of attention, its inclusion in the regulation of activity. For comparison, any objects, their images, pictures, differing in a certain number of details, can be offered.
Münsterberg's technique (and its modifications). A) Words are inserted into a meaningless set of letters (more often - nouns, but there may be verbs, adjectives, adverbs). It is required to find them as quickly as possible without errors.
B) The child is given a form with 5 lines of randomly typed letters printed on it, following one after another without spaces. Among these letters, the child must find 10 words (3, 4, 5 complex) and underline them. You have 5 minutes to complete the entire task. The indicator of success can be the number of correctly found words and the speed of the task. Job example:
Fly game. This game is also aimed at developing concentration. To carry it out, you will need sheets of paper with a lined nine-cell playing field 3×3, chips (buttons, coins, pebbles can be chips). The game is played for 5-10 minutes, 2-3 times a week, for 1-2 months. The task is done in pairs. Each pair of players is given a sheet with a lined playing field and one chip. The players are given the following instruction: “Look at a piece of paper with lined cells. This is the playing field. But this chip is a “fly”. "Fly" sat in the middle of the sheet in the middle cell. From here, she can move in any direction. But she can move only when she is given the commands “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, turning away from the playing field. One of you, the one on the left, will turn away and, without looking at the field, will give commands, the other will move the “fly”. You need to try to keep the “fly” on the field for 5 minutes and not let it “fly away” (leave the playing field). Then the partners switch roles. If the “fly” “flies away” earlier, then the exchange of roles will occur earlier. All clear?" The complication of the game is due to the fact that the players are united in threes. Two take turns giving commands, trying to keep the “fly” on the field. The third controls her "flight". The one whose “fly” “flies away” before the agreed time gives way to the controller. If everyone fits in the allotted time, then they change roles in turn. A game of three takes no more than 10 minutes, that is, 3 minutes for each. The winner is the one who lasts in his role all the allotted time.
A game common among the hunting tribes of the Indians. Children are offered to sit quietly for a short time and try to hear all possible noises, guess what they came from (the teacher can specially “organize” some noises). This game can be played as a competition: who will hear the noises more and guess their origin.
Increased attention span and short-term memory. The exercises are based on memorizing the number and order of a number of objects presented for a few seconds. As you master the exercise, the number of objects gradually increases.
Game "Notice everything". 7-10 items are laid out in a row (you can put pictures with images of items on a typesetting canvas), which are then closed. Having slightly opened the objects for 10 s, close them again and invite the children to list all the objects (or pictures) that they remember.
Opening the same objects again, for 8-10 seconds, ask the children in what order they lay. Having swapped any two objects, show everything again for 10 s. Invite the children to determine which items are transferred. Without looking more at the items, say what color each of them is. You can come up with other options for this game (remove objects and ask children to name the missing person; arrange objects not in a row, but, for example, one on top of the other so that the children list them in order from bottom to top, and then from top to bottom, etc.) .
The game "Search non-stop." Within 10-15 seconds, see around you as many objects of the same color (or the same size, shape, material, etc.) as possible. At the signal of the teacher, one child begins the enumeration, the others complete it.
Attention training. The basic principle of the exercises: the child is offered the simultaneous performance of two multidirectional tasks. At the end of the exercise (after 10-15 minutes), the effectiveness of each task is determined.
"Each hand has its own business." Children are asked to slowly leaf through a book with illustrations for 1 minute with their left hand (memorizing them), and with their right hand to draw geometric shapes or solve simple examples. The game can be offered in a math lesson.
"An account with a hindrance." The child calls the numbers from 1 to 20, while writing them down on a piece of paper or board in reverse order: says 1, writes 20, says 2, writes 19, etc. Calculate the task execution time and the number of errors.
"Reading with Disturbance". Children read the text while tapping a rhythm with a pencil. When reading, children also look for answers to questions.
An exercise to train the distribution of attention. The child is offered next task- cross out 1 or 2 letters in the text and at the same time put a children's record with a fairy tale. Then they check how many letters the child missed when crossing out and are asked to tell what he heard and understood from the fairy tale. The first failures in the performance of this rather difficult task may cause protest and refusal in the child, but at the same time, the first successes inspire. The advantage of such a task is the possibility of its game and competitive design.
Teaching younger students "attentive writing" by the method phased formation mental actions. Classes on the formation of attention are conducted as training in "attentive writing" and are built on the material of texts containing different types errors "by inattention": substitution or omission of words in a sentence, substitution or omission of letters in a word, continuous spelling words with a preposition, etc. Studies show that the presence of a sample text with which it is necessary to compare an erroneous text is not in itself a sufficient condition for the accurate completion of tasks for detecting errors, since inattentive children cannot compare a text with a sample, they cannot check. That is why all the teacher's calls to "check your work" turn out to be ineffective. One of the reasons for this is the orientation of children to the general meaning of the text or word and the neglect of particulars. To overcome global perception and form control over the text, it is necessary to teach children to read taking into account the elements against the background of understanding the meaning of the whole.
An important point in the process of forming attention is working with a special card on which the rules for checking are written out, the order of operations when checking the text. The presence of such a card is a necessary material support for mastering the full-fledged action of control. As the action of control is internalized and curtailed, the obligatory use of such a card disappears. To generalize the formed control action, it is then worked out on a wider material (pictures, patterns, sets of letters and numbers). After that, when creating special conditions, control is transferred from the situation of experimental learning to real practice learning activities. Thus, the method of stage-by-stage formation makes it possible to obtain a full-fledged control action, i.e. formation of attention.
Thus, the conducted research gives grounds to assert that the inclusion of corrective and developmental exercises and tasks in the lesson is effective tool development of attention of younger schoolchildren, and the hypothesis put forward is confirmed.
Analyzing the work done, we came to the conclusion:
In order to successfully conduct training sessions at school, the teacher needs to take into account the individual characteristics of the attention of schoolchildren when preparing for each lesson;
The attention of students depends entirely on the activity of the teacher in the lesson, on the variety of ways to explain the material.
Here are some tips to help keep students engaged:
At the stage of the organizational moment, conduct games and exercises aimed at developing and correcting attention in children;
In each lesson, highlight the most difficult situations in which students need help; without depriving the work of feasible difficulties, try to prevent possible failures in children. At the same time, emphasize the slightest achievements of children, which increases their self-confidence and contributes to increased attention to the subject;
When solving various practical problems, put students in conditions where they must remember something, draw on their experience, perform various measurements, make the result of their search indifferent to themselves, and discover something new for themselves.
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