Red fish occupies an important place in the human diet. Salmon is one of such representatives, it has dietary, tasty and tender meat. Not all readers have information about salmon, what kind of fish it is, what it looks like, where it lives. Below in the article, you can learn a lot of useful things about this delicious fish product.

Description of what salmon looks like

This is a species of salmon that combines several subspecies of red fish. Fish is used to prepare gourmet dishes. Cooks know many culinary recipes from red meat. The low price makes the product affordable for people with average incomes.

The average length of such fish in the water range ranges from a few centimeters to several hundred. highest weight this individual is equal to 68-70 kilograms. The structure of salmon is similar to representatives of herring. Previously, salmon were assigned to this detachment, later they were identified as a separate group.

The body of the fish is elongated, has compression on the sides, and is covered with cycloid scales with comb-like edges. The fins located in the belly area are of the multi-beam type. The pectoral fins adult fish low, do not have prickly rays. Further there are 2 fins in the back and one anal. Fatty fin - important feature all salmon.

Important! Distinctive feature salmon - 10-16 rays are located in the dorsal fin.

The oral cavity consists of 4 bones, the intestine has many appendages. Most fish have transparent eyelids. Cartilage stands out on the skull, and many processes that are not connected to the vertebrae.

Salmon: fish photo

salmon species

The name "salmon" is of Indo-European origin, from the word "lax", translated as "spotted", "speckled" In Rus', the word had feminine, and only in the 16th century began to be considered male. The Latin name Salmonidae - this is the name of the salmon family, translated as "jump", this explains the behavior of individuals during spawning.

The salmon family includes many fish, the list of species is extensive, according to their habitat they are divided into:

  • Kamchatka salmon;
  • Norwegian salmon;
  • Pacific salmon;
  • Baltic salmon;
  • Caspian salmon;
  • black sea salmon.

In the family of these representatives salmon fish includes:

  • salmon;
  • trout;
  • grayling;
  • red salmon;
  • omul;
  • salmon;
  • chinook;
  • taimen;

Where is salmon found

Salmon is a river or sea fish - a difficult question. The breed belongs to freshwater inhabitants, swims in the seas, but prefers to spawn in rivers. Often, when moving them from one water source to another, the fish lose their lives.

The main habitat of salmon fish: the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. In the Atlantic Ocean, salmon is represented most often by salmon, in pacific ocean and off the coast of Russia (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands), sockeye salmon, pink salmon, and chinook salmon are found. The fish is also found in the middle and northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, and most often spawns in Kamchatka.

In the territory Russian Federation salmonids can be found in the basin of the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea, the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, in the territory of Chukotka and in the Amur River. Americans, Canadians and Japanese fish for this salmon in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Cape Krusenstern and the Kent Peninsula. These fresh water sources are different low temperatures and a scarce food base, so the fish swims in the sea.

Lifestyle

Salmon is an anadromous individual, they constantly live in sea or lake water sources. They swim in these freshwater waters for the sake of procreation. Upon reaching the age of five, they swim into fast rapids rivers, where they rise up several kilometers. Quiet and shallow places with a sandy or rocky bottom are chosen for parking.

Important! In the seas, the speed of movement of salmon reaches 100 kilometers in one day, in the river it decreases.

In spawning areas, salmon change color to darker, a kind of hook forms on the jaw, it is especially noticeable in males. Due to poor nutrition at this time, the color of the meat becomes less saturated, the total amount of fat decreases. Meat loses in quality, therefore, during spawning, salmon fishing is prohibited.

The total lifespan of salmon fish is 10 years, many individuals live up to 25 years. The most long duration taimen's life.

What do salmon eat

The first years of life, individuals are in freshwater sources, eating larvae, worms, zooplankton, insects, crustaceans, fry and mollusks. If the habitat is comfortable enough, then the salmon can leave the river already in the second year of life, reaching a certain size. In cold conditions, this time can be delayed from 6 to 8 years, because some individuals remain forever in the rivers. When the body length reaches 20-30 centimeters, individuals move in schools to the sea.

Here the salmon leads predatory image life. They feed on small fish: sprat, capelin, herring, smelt, gerbil. The main part of this small fauna lives in Canada and Greenland, the fish gains the main weight within 4 years.

Reproduction and spawning

Salmon spawning and reproduction can be repeated up to 5 times during the life of an individual. Such fish as coho salmon, chum salmon, pink salmon, chinook perishes immediately after the spawning process. Puberty salmon starts from 2-7 years. Its speed depends on the growth of young animals in fresh water, and an abundance of fresh food. Spawning usually takes place in October - December, when average temperature water is 0 - 6 degrees. Depending on the age of the fish, breeding times will vary greatly.

Salmon: benefits and harms

The fish was highly valued and recognized as a valuable product. Included in the top twenty products for human nutrition. The beneficial properties of salmon include a high percentage of protein, its content is 20 grams per 100 grams, this is a 40 percent daily requirement for a person.

Fish is used in the treatment of diseases:

  • cardiovascular;
  • thyroid gland;
  • mental disorders.

The main components that have a beneficial effect on the body:

  • omega 3 (100% DV);
  • selenium;
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Along with the positive properties of the product, there are negative:

  1. Contains toxic substances(especially a lot of them in smoked form).
  2. Causes severe allergies in those suffering from such a disease.
  3. Contains purines, which worsens the course of gout.
  4. Contains harmful mercury.

Important! Proper storage has a great influence on the usefulness of fish.

Salmon: calories and nutritional value

Salmon contain fish fat- Vitamin D combined with big amount phosphorus, which helps strengthen bones. Omega-3 fatty acids improve brain function.

100 grams of salmon contains 206 kilocalories. The product contains 12 grams of fat, 20 grams of protein.

Nutrients in salmon:

  • vitamin B12;
  • niacin;
  • phosphorus;
  • thiamine;
  • vitamin A.

Salmon: price per 1 kg

The product is considered a delicacy product, has an affordable price. The average price for 1 kg of salmon is 300 rubles, depending on the region in which salmon are sold. The weight of the product is approximately 4-5 kilograms. From this fish you can cook various culinary dishes.

Fishing, breeding

noble salmon stand big money, so they make good money on their breeding. Thanks to the return of individuals for spawning in river reservoirs, fish are bred in fish factories, they are usually built on rivers. Fish swimming for spawning are caught, eggs are taken and fertilized.

The fry obtained as a result of incubation are slightly grown up and released into the river. The fry swim in the sea, and after a few years they return to their native places, where they are caught.

Freshwater species of salmon fish are bred in many fish farms. This process begins during the fertilization of eggs, ends with the sale of large individuals. For breeding salmon, expensive, special equipment is needed, because the fishery has not reached widespread development.

What is the difference between salmon and salmon

Many people wonder, salmon and salmon: what is the difference between the two types of this seafood? salmon has big sizes, it is caught at the moment when it reaches a weight of 6-7 kilograms. It, unlike salmon, has larger scales, the shape of the carcass is elongated, with a pointed head. Most often salmon is caught in the northern part Atlantic Ocean, and in the western part of the Arctic. The weight of salmon can reach 43 kilograms. There are no significant differences between salmon and salmon, because the first fish is a species of this salmon family.

Often they try to understand: salmon and trout, which is the best of these seafood? The trout has a pot-bellied, wide body, has a short and truncated muzzle. The trout is characterized by a dark variegated coloration, back and sides with a greenish tint, short, rounded fins, scales are small compared to other individuals. These are the main features of the individual, which answer the question, what is the difference between salmon and trout.

Conclusion

Many people are interested salmon what kind of fish, with its relatively low price, it has a lot of useful properties. Celebrity chefs prepare delicious, nutritious dishes from this delicate pink meat. This product is not capricious to heat treatment, so fish can be used for cooking, frying, stewing, baking.

As soon as this noble fish is not called: Atlantic salmon, Baltic salmon and even royal salmon. Salmo salar is indeed considered one of the noblest fish.

Salmon received its royal nickname quite deservedly, thanks to its unique color. The entire body of the fish is covered with shiny silvery scales. The back is cast in blue silver, and the barrels are decorated with dark spots in the form of the “X” symbol.

salmon is very big fish. The size of her body can reach one and a half meters in length. And the weight of individual individuals is 39 kg.

All spots on the body of this silver beauty are located only above the lateral line of the body. IN natural environment salmon prefers to feed on small fish and crustaceans. During the spawning period, when the fish migrates to the rivers, it loses a lot of weight, because it stops eating. When the salmon body becomes dark and covered with bright red-orange spots, the females begin to mating season.

Males at the same time change in the upper part of the head. Their upper jaw elongates, takes on a hook-like shape, and fits into a recess in the lower jaw.

Lives in the North Atlantic Ocean. For the spawning period, fish migrate to various European rivers. Its spawning path runs from the southern part of Portugal up to White Sea and the northern river Kara. On the American continent, salmon is found in the waters of the Connecticut River. Several varieties of salmon of the genus Salmo are known, but they are few in number. But the Pacific variety of Oncorhynchus has large population salmon.


Salmon is a fish that lives in northern waters.

At the time of Walter Scott, all the farm laborers in Scotland were fed with salmon meat, which indicates in large numbers salmon in the waters of European rivers. Active development hydroconstruction and other production has led to severe pollution of water bodies in Europe. As well as the regular large catch of salmon became the reasons for a sharp decrease in its number in the rivers of all Europe. Therefore, there is currently an active artificial breeding salmon. In the natural environment, salmon practically ceased to spawn in these rivers.

The rivers flowing into the Barents and White Seas are still rich in salmon. Starting from August and until the first frosts, salmon migrate to these places. It should be noted that the sexual productivity of fish during this period is significantly reduced. All the fish that did not have time to enter the rivers before freezing, remains to winter in the estuaries.

With the onset of spring, she continues her course into the river. So the salmon lives in the river for about a year and does not feed on anything. And only next autumn it begins to spawn. This type of salmon is known as "ice". According to the famous ichthyologist L. S. Berg, the ice is resting when the water temperature drops. There is another type of salmon called "cut".


Another name for salmon is Atlantic salmon.

This fish comes to the rivers at the beginning of summer, by which time it already has all the signs of a developed sexual product. Following the hare, summer salmon enters the rivers - "low water". Fish that enter the rivers in summer lay their eggs in autumn.

Often in the waters of rivers you can also find such a variety of salmon as "tinda". These include all small male salmon. Usually they do not exceed 50 cm in length and have no more than 2 kg of weight. Tinda was nicknamed males of the same age, who spent the first year of their life at sea. It often happens that most males never even enter the seas. These individuals fully mature in the river. With a body length of 10 cm, they have sexually mature milk. That is why among all autumn salmon, as well as low water and zaletki, females are most common, and not males.

There are also female salmon, which are very similar to tindu. It is called "leaf fall". This type of salmon, which, after the first year of life in the sea, migrate to fresh water and immediately lay offspring. Leaf fall does not need long rest and rest. In areas such as the Kola Peninsula, where summer is very short and leaf fall salmon lives. The king salmon behaves quite differently in the rivers. Western Europe. There fish migration continues throughout the year. Autumn salmon and ice come into the waters of the Rhine in November, low water and cutting close to May, and tinda appears in July.

Norwegian salmon is distinguished by summer migration, similar to salmon from the American coast. Scientists believe that one form of salmon spawning cannot change to another. Their minds are still worried about the question: can both spring and winter types develop simultaneously from the eggs of one individual? The spawning period of king salmon falls on the first autumn months in the northern regions. And for the winter months in more warm parts planets. In order to successfully lay eggs, the female pulls deep hole. Sometimes its length can reach 3 meters. Only after that, the female dutifully lies in this hole and waits for the appearance of the male.


Salmon is valuable commercial fish.

When a male appears, the female releases eggs. At this moment, the male begins to move forward, touching the female with his side. There is a release of milk from the male. After that, at a distance of one meter, the male once again releases a powerful jet of milk onto the female's eggs. With smooth movements of the tail and fins, the female immediately covers the larvae with sand. Immediately after the spawning process is completed, the emaciated and battered salmon swim downstream. A small part of the spawning individuals will die without reaching the sea. And those who successfully return to the sea will again acquire a silver color and feed well. The waters where the salmon spawns do not exceed the temperature threshold of +60C.

Therefore, the maturation of the larvae is very slow. Closer to May, we should expect the appearance of the first fry, which then remains to live in river water for a long time. It is not common for royal salmon to die immediately after spawning, as, for example, occurs with chum salmon or pink salmon.


Juvenile salmon in their own way appearance very different from adults. That is why they are often confused and attributed to other types of fish. Young salmon are brightly colored with a dark back. The whole body is often covered with red-brown spots and black stripes across it. Sometimes these young are called "marts".

Young individuals of salmon, they are parr, feed on various larvae, crustaceans and insects that have fallen into the water. Their movement to the mouths of the rivers is unhurried. Sometimes it takes them about five years to reach the sea. Only when their length reaches 9-18 cm, and stripes and spots disappear from the body, young salmon can go out to sea.


Atlantic salmon - incredible delicious fish.

It has been observed in nature that not all young parr are fully mature for going to sea. Some of them still live in the areas of their birth. These include small male tinda. These individuals participate in spawning along with those who migrate from the sea. But females for a successful future should move to live in the sea. Sea water contributes to the rapid growth and full maturation of salmon. Based on data from the Ponoi River, in one year of life in the river, salmon can add 10 cm in length, and a year of life in the sea will increase its size to 22-24 cm.

Salmon (Salmo salar) or Noble salmon

From here it enters to spawn in the rivers of Europe, from Portugal in the south to the White Sea and the river. Carriages in the north. Along the American coast, salmon is distributed from the Connecticut River in the south to Greenland in the north. There are several species of the genus Salmo in the Pacific Basin, but they are few in number compared to Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus. Previously, salmon were extremely numerous in all the rivers of Europe, where there were suitable spawning grounds. Walter Scott mentions the times when Scottish laborers, when they hired, made it a condition that they were not fed salmon too often. Hydroconstruction, pollution of rivers by domestic and factory waste, and mainly overfishing, have led to the fact that this condition is easily satisfied in our time. The number of salmon has now declined sharply, and artificial breeding is widely used in special hatcheries to maintain the herd. The course of salmon in the rivers is rather complicated. In our rivers flowing into the Barents and White Seas, large autumn salmon go from August until freezing. Its sex products are very poorly developed. The course is interrupted with the onset of winter. Part of the autumn salmon, which did not have time to enter the rivers, winters in the estuarine spaces and enters the river immediately after the ice breaks (mid-late May). Such salmon is called "ice". Autumn salmon spends a year in the river without feeding, and only the next autumn comes to spawning grounds. It seems that this form needs a dormant period at a lower temperature. Our eminent ichthyologist L. S. Berg called this form winter by analogy with winter cereals. Following the icing in June, salmon “cutting” enters the rivers, mainly large females, with already significantly developed reproductive products. In July, it is replaced by summer salmon, or "low water", in which caviar and milk are well developed. Zaroyka and low water reach spawning grounds and lay eggs in the same autumn. This is a spring form. Together with the low water, “tinda” enters the rivers - small (45-53 cm in length and 1-2 kg in weight) males that have matured in the sea in one year. Many (sometimes up to 50%) male salmon do not go to sea at all. They mature in the river and have mature milk already at a length of 10 cm, so females predominate among autumn salmon, ice and low water. In some rivers, along with autumn salmon, “leaf fall” enters - a small form similar to tindu, but among which there are females. Having been at sea for only one year, she returns to spawn and spawns in the same autumn, without needing a dormant period. In our country, on the Kola Peninsula and in the White Sea basin, the passages of salmon are compressed in 4-5 summer months and are interrupted by freeze-up. The picture is different in the rivers of Western Europe. There, the course stretches for the whole year: salmon, corresponding to our autumn salmon and icing, goes to the Rhine in November, cutting and low water - in May, tinda - in July. In Norway, the summer course prevails; apparently, the same can be said about the salmon of the American coast. Apparently, the winter form of salmon cannot turn into spring, and vice versa. In the same way, it is not known whether both spring and winter salmon can develop from the eggs of one female. Salmon spawns in autumn (September - October) in the north and in winter - in more southern regions. The female digs a large (up to 2-3 m long) hole in the sandy-pebble soil and buries the fertilized eggs in it. Here is how the subtle observer Fritsch describes the spawning of salmon: “The female lies down in a hole, resting her head on a stone on its edge. A male swims up to her in the evening hours or early in the morning and stops, holding his head near her genital opening. As soon as the female, irritated by the presence of the male, releases some eggs, he rushes forward, touching her with his side, and releases milk. Then he stops about 1 m ahead of the female and gradually releases a stream of milk onto the eggs, which now run out of the female in a whole stream; the latter, at the same time, with lateral movements of the tail, throws sand and pebbles at the eggs. Spawned salmon swim downstream, emaciated from a long hunger strike, wounded, with frayed fins. Some of them, especially males, die from exhaustion, but those who reach the sea again acquire a silvery color, begin to feed and restore strength. Although death after spawning is not mandatory for noble salmon, as with chum salmon and pink salmon, rare fish spawn again. A single case of five-time spawning was noted. The more developed fishing in the river, the lower the percentage of re-spawning fish. The water temperature at salmon spawning grounds in winter does not exceed 6 ° C, so the eggs develop slowly. Only in May, the juveniles hatch from eggs, and then live in fresh water for a long time. Young salmon do not look like adult fish and have even been described as a separate species in the past. These are brisk and mobile fish, motley-colored, with dark transverse stripes on the sides, with a dark back covered with brown and red round spots. In the north, they are called "parr" in our country. Parr feed in the rivers on caddisfly larvae, crustaceans, and insects that have fallen into the water. They descend very slowly to the mouths. After 1-5 years, having reached a size of 9-18 cm in length, they go out to sea. At this time, dark stripes and spots disappear from them, and the body is covered with silvery scales. This transformation is often called smoltification from the accepted English name for the silvery stage - “smolt”. But not all parr swim to the mouth and turn into smolts. A significant part of them remains in spawning grounds and matures there. These are the dwarf males that have already been mentioned. They take part in the spawning of fish that came from the sea, when the main male, standing next to the female, begins to drive away large rivals. Females need to migrate to the sea to mature; in rivers, they usually do not mature. But if the female at the smolt stage is transplanted into a pond and provided with abundant food, then in the end it is possible to achieve her maturation. In the sea, salmon grows extremely fast. If for 3 years of life in the river the parr grows by 10 cm, then for one year of life in the sea 23-24 cm are added (data on the Ponoi River). Salmon are fast and strong fish and can take quite long journeys. So, on August 10, 1935, a salmon was caught in the Vyg River, marked with a Norwegian mark on June 10 of the same year near Trondheims Fjord. In other words, she swam in 50 days 2500 km from average speed 50 km per day! LAKE SALMON (S. salar morpha sebago) is a special lake form of salmon that exists in large northern lakes (Lake Vener, Lake Labrador, in Ladoga and Onega and a number of others). This form does not go to the sea, but feeds in the lake and goes to spawn in the rivers flowing into the lake. Lake salmon are usually smaller than anadromous and more spotted, spots on the sides are also below the lateral line. The origin of the lake form will become clear if we remember that the lakes in which it is found, as a rule, are bays separated from the sea. Often other inhabitants of the sea also live in them - a four-horned slingshot (Muohosephalus quadricornis) and brackish-water crustaceans. But in general, the tendency to form residential forms in noble salmon is much less than in a closely related species - brown trout.

There are four main segments in the fish business: extraction, distribution, processing and aquaculture. The fish are caught by mining companies that have their own fleet.

A large trader buys caught fish (chilled or frozen) from a mining company and undertakes to deliver fish to customers - wholesalers, processors, federal retail chains. To do this, the distribution company must be able to store and transport fish, so large warehouses are built and logistics are thoroughly thought out.

Really large players who have enough resources to purchase, store and distribute fish, for Russian market no more than five.

Geography

The conditions of its storage and transportation depend on the country where the fish is caught. Now it comes to us directly from Russia itself: pink salmon, chum salmon, sockeye salmon, pollock come from Far East, and pollock, cod, haddock, catfish - from the Barents Sea. Greece and Türkiye are the main suppliers of sea bass and sea bream. Asia is a major player in the Russian fish market: tilapia and pangasius (popularly known as sole) are in high demand among buyers.

After the imposition of sanctions, Norwegian salmon was left behind, leading in terms of sales volume and consumer demand. Norway is the largest player in this market, our strongest partner and locomotive for the supply of red fish. Norwegian salmon accounted for 75–80% of the entire range of red fish in Russia. In modest quantities compared to Norway, salmon is grown in Chile and the Faroe Islands.

Delivery features

At the stage of purchase, the nuances of freezing should be specified: it can be sea (produced directly on the ship) or coastal. Russian mining companies, as a rule, do only onshore freezing, because our fleet is not equipped with the necessary equipment. The Asian and Norwegian fleets are more modern, so they usually freeze the fish as soon as it hits the ship. This can significantly increase the quality of the product.

In the case of deliveries from abroad, we act as importers, and all customs documents are processed under our responsibility. St. Petersburg is the entry point for all imported fish, here is the customs office and our main warehouses. Through St. Petersburg, the central regions also receive fish from the Far East, which is transported by sea for two months. There also comes fish from Asia. Part Far Eastern fish sent by railway to the eastern regions. Russian fish The manufacturer is also supplied through Murmansk and Arkhangelsk.

Trading networks carefully check the fish: they may not accept the product if it has slightly changed its presentation due to melted ice. They even pay attention to the cleanliness of the car body and check the driver's medical book, which must be in a disposable gown and shoe covers. If something is wrong, the network representatives have the right not to accept the goods and file a claim with us. For the goods rejected by the nets, we have to quickly look for other distribution channels, because we cannot return the fish back to the mining company.

Pricing

Firstly, there is the price set by the miners during shipment, and secondly, the price of the local distribution network, which the buyer sees on the price tags in the store. Between these starting and ending points, each trader and processor lays down his own costs. Logistics and storage rates often depend on the season.

As a distributor, we have a margin of no more than 2%. For networks for raw and chilled products, the markup is from 15 to 20%, in the premium segment - up to 30%. Last year, we sold more than 158,000 tons of fish worth about 18 billion rubles.

After sanctions

The fish supply chain has not changed with the introduction of sanctions. The changes concern only the directions from which the goods are now coming to us. Basically, everything rests on red fish - we ourselves are able to produce white fish in sufficient quantities. All eyes now are on Chile and the Faroe Islands. We have cooperated with them before, but the volume of deliveries has been greatly increased. The bulk of purchased red fish moved to the Faroe Islands. Chile is geographically farther away, so we can only afford to ship frozen products from there: it makes no sense to ship chilled Chilean fish by air.

After the imposition of sanctions, the price of final product increased at least twice. The increase is justified by quite logical factors: a smaller amount of fish is grown on the islands and delivery is much more expensive.

The maximum shelf life of chilled fish according to GOST is 14 days. Previously, we delivered fish from Norway to our St. Petersburg warehouses in five to seven days. The slaughter of fish took place every day, and every day trucks went from Norway to Russia. The shelf life of chilled fish from the Faroe Islands is slightly longer - 16 days, because the territory is located to the north, the water is colder and the fish retains its original qualities longer. However, delivery from there takes nine days.

The problem is that the islands are connected to the mainland by ferry, but, unfortunately, not every day. Caught fish accumulate there for several days. Our company is working on a solution to this problem, because right now it is, frankly, a collapse. Chilled fish is a perishable commodity and for many years all business processes have been adjusted to Norway. Now everything urgently has to be changed and adjusted to the Faroe Islands.

TONN chilled fish
consumed annually in Russia

TONN chilled fish per year
imported from Norway

But there is no panic in the market, the fish will not disappear anywhere, although we, of course, will not be able to compensate for the entire volume of Norwegian fish. Now the main issue is the price, because of which, perhaps, many buyers will reconsider their taste preferences.

At the same time, we do not believe that with the introduction of sanctions, the Norwegian market will suffer enormous losses, Russia for Norway was only 10-15% of total exports. In addition, many Norwegian companies have their factories in Chile and the Faroe Islands.

But sanctions are not the only political event that Lately influenced the work of many participants in the Russian fish market. We had to adapt to the changing political situation even before the introduction of bans on the import of foreign products. Previously, all deliveries went through Ukraine, but now the routes have been changed, and this also increases the delivery time. And this means a reduction in the shelf life of products - we have even less time for transportation to customers.

Aquaculture

Aquaculture in Russia existed in Soviet time: there were fish farms, where they bred mainly lake and river fish. Now this is a promising direction aimed at import substitution. This, again, is primarily about Atlantic salmon, because trout farming has been practiced in Karelia for quite a long time.

In 2011, we launched a project to grow and primary processing of Atlantic salmon in the Barents Sea, won suitable sites at special auctions, brought equipment and feed barges from Norway. The first harvest of 4 thousand tons of marketable salmon under the Murmansk Salmon brand began in June this year and will end in October. IN next year We plan to remove 10 thousand tons. By 2018-2020, we want to produce 25,000 tons of salmon.

Growing fish is a very labor intensive process. First, fry are imported, again from Norway. Then they are fed for several years, their condition is monitored, safety is monitored: so that the fish do not get hurt, special nets are made, anti-seal equipment scares away seals with ultrasound, which often try to eat fry. When the fish grows up, it is eaten. Then the fish is delivered to the factory, where it is processed and gutted.

There is a stupid prejudice against farmed fish: they are all shot with antibiotics, there are some stories about genetic monsters. Yes, the fry is initially vaccinated so that it does not become infected with anything itself and in which case it does not infect the others. Vaccinations are normal in any sector of the livestock business in general. Fish are checked by various veterinary services, tests are carried out for the content of certain substances. Feed - grated crustaceans, granulated algae - all certified, purchased in Norway.

It should be noted that almost all Norwegian fish, which until recently came to us, was also grown, not caught. A small percentage of wild salmon goes to the domestic Norwegian market, and aquaculture is exported. Norwegians have learned not just to grow fish, but to grow a product that you want to buy.

The advantage of Russian salmon over Norwegian salmon is in terms of delivery. We deliver the fish grown by us to the warehouse in three to four days. This direction is really the future. Why wait nine days for fish from the Faroe Islands when you can get fish of the same quality in less time?

A century ago, salmon was considered in Russia almost the food of the gods and was served exclusively in rich houses. And all because this fish cannot be caught in ordinary reservoirs.

Salmon lives in the seas and oceans, but breeds mainly in rivers, where it is caught on an industrial scale. True, there is also such a species as lake salmon, which lives in lakes, but it is less useful than sea salmon (Atlantic salmon). In any case, today, the meat of this fish is quite accessible to most of us, so it's time to talk about what benefits we can get from eating it.

The composition and useful properties of salmon

Well, firstly, salmon consists of delicious meat due to which it is considered a delicacy. And secondly, this type of salmon has a very valuable set of vitamins, microelements, proteins and fatty acids. And for this, he is loved not only by gourmets, but also by all kinds of healers, including representatives of traditional Western medicine.

Fatty acid

The set of salmon fatty acids allows you to get not only delicious taste sensations, but also cosmetic benefits. After all, people who eat Atlantic salmon meat protect their skin from sunburn, as well as from the negative rays of the sun in general. Moreover, the skin of salmon lovers becomes smoother, softer and healthier with each serving.

As you know, scientists do not get tired of repeating that human body Omega-3 fatty acid is required, which, together with other acids, regulates metabolism and reduces the amount of bad cholesterol in the human body. So salmon also contains a lot of Omega-3. So lean on...

Vitamins, trace elements and other substances

In addition to the positive impact on skin, salmon rejuvenates the entire human body and contributes to maintaining health.

So, for example, the hormone melatonin contained in salmon helps to eradicate insomnia and adjust the internal “clock” of the body. A complex of vitamins (A, B, D, PP) and microelements (iodine, potassium, iron) strengthen the immune system, and also normalize the central nervous system and keep blood vessels in good shape.

Thanks to this, salmon can be eaten to prevent cardiovascular diseases and it is imperative to eat with existing heart diseases (atherosclerosis, ischemia).

Researchers studying beneficial features various products, revealed that salmon “makes” enjoy life, remember everything and not get sick with oncology. And, of course, people who eat this fish are not afraid of hesitation blood pressure and senility.

Can you lose weight by eating salmon?

If you do not change your lifestyle, then losing weight is possible only with a decrease in the amount of food consumed. And salmon may well help with this.

Due to the high concentration of nutrients in the tissues of salmon, eating it, you can safely reduce the consumption of other foods (in particular, fatty meats - beef and pork), without fear of a lack of vitamins, fats, amino acids and minerals. Weight loss will take place without harm to health.

And in conclusion, it should be said that maximum amount useful substances are collected in the "wild" salmon 2-3 weeks before spawning. Artificially grown salmon is also good, but it is still inferior to its free relatives in all respects. Apart from the cost, of course.

Therefore, it is still better to lose weight and improve your health with sea salmon.