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Brown bear (Ursus arctos), predatory mammal bear family (Ursidae). Distributed in North Africa (Atlas Mountains), Europe, Asia up to North America, where it is known under the name "grizzly". The brown bear is a forest animal that lives mainly in dense forests. In Russia - throughout the forest zone of Eurasia, in the mountains of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In most of the distribution area, the brown bear is relatively small. Exterminated in places. The brown bear forms several subspecies (geographic races), differing in size and color. The largest brown bears live in Kamchatka and Primorsky Krai (weigh 300 kg or more). The brown bear (Ursus arctos), a predatory mammal of the bear family (Ursidae). Distributed in North Africa (Atlas Mountains), Europe, Asia up to North America, where it is known under the name "grizzly". The brown bear is a forest animal that lives mainly in dense forests. In Russia - throughout the forest zone of Eurasia, in the mountains of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In most of the distribution area, the brown bear is relatively small. Exterminated in places. The brown bear forms several subspecies (geographic races), differing in size and color. The largest brown bears live in Kamchatka and Primorsky Krai (weighing 300 kg or more).

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Coloring from almost straw-yellow to very dark, blackish-brown. Coloring from almost straw-yellow to very dark, blackish-brown.

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The food of the brown bear is predominantly vegetable: berries, acorns, nuts, rhizomes, as well as insects, worms, lizards, frogs, rodents, and other small animals. Sometimes it attacks young ungulates; on Far East the object of food is fish (anadromous salmon). Since autumn, the brown bear lies in the den. During winter sleep exists at the expense of fat reserves accumulated in the summer. The brown bear's winter sleep is shallow; in case of danger, the animal wakes up and leaves its lair. The food of the brown bear is predominantly vegetable: berries, acorns, nuts, rhizomes, as well as insects, worms, lizards, frogs, rodents, and other small animals. Sometimes it attacks young ungulates; in the Far East, fish (anadromous salmon) serves as a food object. Since autumn, the brown bear lies in the den. During winter sleep, it exists due to fat reserves accumulated in summer. The brown bear's winter sleep is shallow; in case of danger, the animal wakes up and leaves its lair.

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With the onset of warm weather, brown bears, which have become very emaciated during the winter, begin to feed intensively. In the south, where the winter is not snowy, the brown bear does not lie in the den. Estrus in females lasts from May to July. The duration of pregnancy is about 7 months. Once every 2 years, in the period from late December to early February, the female usually gives birth to 2 cubs, which she feeds with milk for about 4 months. The brown bear reaches puberty at the age of 3. The commercial value is small. The skin is used mainly for carpets, meat - for food. In some places brown bears damage grain crops, occasionally attack domestic animals and humans. The number is declining in places where forests are developed by humans, as well as as a result of hunting. With the onset of warm weather, brown bears, which have become very emaciated during the winter, begin to feed intensively. In the south, where the winter is not snowy, the brown bear does not lie in the den. Estrus in females lasts from May to July. The duration of pregnancy is about 7 months. Once every 2 years, in the period from late December to early February, the female usually gives birth to 2 cubs, which she feeds with milk for about 4 months. The brown bear reaches puberty at the age of 3. The commercial value is small. The skin is used mainly for carpets, meat - for food. In some places brown bears damage grain crops, occasionally attack domestic animals and humans. The number is declining in places where forests are developed by humans, as well as as a result of hunting.

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The presentation on the topic "Brown Bear" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Biology. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 8 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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The brown bear (Ursus arctos), a predatory mammal of the bear family (Ursidae). Distributed in North Africa (Atlas Mountains), Europe, Asia up to North America, where it is known under the name "grizzly". The brown bear is a forest animal that lives mainly in dense forests. In Russia - throughout the forest zone of Eurasia, in the mountains of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In most of the distribution area, the brown bear is relatively small. Exterminated in places. The brown bear forms several subspecies (geographic races), differing in size and color. The largest brown bears live in Kamchatka and Primorsky Krai (weighing 300 kg or more).

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The food of the brown bear is predominantly vegetable: berries, acorns, nuts, rhizomes, as well as insects, worms, lizards, frogs, rodents, and other small animals. Sometimes it attacks young ungulates; in the Far East, fish (anadromous salmon) serves as a food object.

Since autumn, the brown bear lies in the den. During winter sleep, it exists due to fat reserves accumulated in summer. The brown bear's winter sleep is shallow; in case of danger, the animal wakes up and leaves its lair.

The food of the brown bear is predominantly vegetable: berries, acorns, nuts, rhizomes, as well as insects, worms, lizards, frogs, rodents, and other small animals. Sometimes it attacks young ungulates; in the Far East, fish (anadromous salmon) serves as a food object. Since autumn, the brown bear lies in the den. During winter sleep, it exists due to fat reserves accumulated in summer. The brown bear's winter sleep is shallow; in case of danger, the animal wakes up and leaves its lair.

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With the onset of warm weather, brown bears, which have become very emaciated during the winter, begin to feed intensively. In the south, where the winter is not snowy, the brown bear does not lie in the den. Estrus in females lasts from May to July. The duration of pregnancy is about 7 months. Once every 2 years, in the period from late December to early February, the female usually gives birth to 2 cubs, which she feeds with milk for about 4 months. The brown bear reaches puberty at the age of 3. The commercial value is small. The skin is used mainly for carpets, meat - for food. In some places brown bears damage grain crops, occasionally attack domestic animals and humans. The number is declining in places where forests are developed by humans, as well as as a result of hunting.

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Photos: Arkady Golod S

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    • Elena Luneva
    Presentation about brown bears

    Brown Bears.

    Brown bear, or ordinary bear- one of the largest land predators of the family bearish. They belong to the genus of mammals of the order of carnivores.

    According to paleontological data, the genus bears appeared 5-6 million years ago. Its first representative is currently considered bear- a relatively small animal, whose fossils were found in France. All modern four species of the genus, as well as a number of extinct (such as cave bear) descended from the Etruscan bear who lived 2-1 million years ago.

    The youngest species of the genus is the white bear, which separated from the brown bear approximately 200,000 years ago.

    (Slide 2-3) Spreading.

    Once Brown bear was common throughout Europe, including England, and in the east through Siberia and China reached Japan. It probably came to North America about 40,000 years ago from Asia, through the Bering Isthmus and widely settled in the western part of the continent from Alaska to northern Mexico.

    Now brown bear disappeared, but few in other areas. Quite common in Scandinavia and Finland. It has been declared the national animal of Finland.

    IN North America known by the name "grizzly"(formerly North American brown bear singled out in separate view); it is abundant in Alaska, western Canada, with limited populations in the northwestern United States. black bears less, how brown bears, but size and color are not their only differences. Note the lack of a shoulder hump and the arch of the back

    Range of brown bear in Russia occupies almost the entire forest zone, with the exception of its southern regions. The northern border of the range coincides with the southern border of the tundra.

    (Slide 4) General description.

    Brown bear forms several subspecies (geographic races that differ in size and color. The smallest individuals are found in Europe, the largest - in Alaska and Kamchatka - they weigh 500 kg or more; there were giants weighing 600-750 kg. The maximum recorded weight of a male Kamchatka bear was 600 kg, medium - 350-450 kg. There is information that in the autumn the weight of especially large Kamchatka individuals exceeds 700 kg. The biggest bear, caught on Kodiak Island for the Berlin Zoo, weighed 780 kg. European brown length bear usually 1,2-2 meters with a height at the withers of about 1 meter and a weight of 300 to 400 kg; For comparisons: grizzlies are noticeably larger - some individuals, standing on their hind legs, reach a height of 2.8-3 meters; the Bears living in middle lane Russia, weigh 400-600 kg. Adult males are on average 1.6 times larger than females.

    The appearance of brown bear typical of a member of the family bearish. His body is powerful, with high withers; the head is massive with small ears and eyes. The tail is short - 65-210 mm, barely visible from the coat. Paws are strong with powerful, non-retractable claws 8-10 cm long, five-fingered, plantigrade. The coat is dense, evenly colored.

    brown coloring bear is very changeable, and not only in different parts range, but also within the same region. The color of the fur varies from light fawn to bluish and almost black. The most common is the brown form. In the Rocky Mountain grizzly, the hair on the back can be white at the ends, giving the impression of a gray or gray shade of coat. Entirely grayish-white color occurs in brown bears in the Himalayas, and pale reddish- brown - in Syria. At cubs there are light markings on the neck and chest, which disappear with age.

    Molt at brown bears occurs once a year - it begins in spring and until autumn, but it is often divided into spring and autumn. The spring season lasts a long time and goes most intensively during the rutting season. Autumn molt goes slowly and imperceptibly, ending by the period of occurrence in the den.

    (Slide 5) Despite the awkward appearance Brown bear runs exceptionally fast - at speeds over 55 km / h, swims excellently and climbs trees well when young (in old age he does it more reluctantly).

    Brown's claws bears are very large, and on the front paws of the animal they are one and a half to two times longer than on the hind legs, and reach 8-10 centimeters

    (Slide 6) Lifestyle and nutrition.

    Brown bear - forest animal. Its usual habitats in Russia are continuous forest tracts with windbreak and burnt areas with dense growth of deciduous species, shrubs and grasses; can enter both the tundra and alpine forests. In Europe, he prefers mountain forests; in North America it is more common in open places - in the tundra, in alpine meadows and on the coast.

    holding on bear sometimes alone, female - with cubs different ages . Males and females are territorial, an individual area, and in males it is about 7 times larger than in females. The boundaries of the site are marked with scent marks and "badass"- scratches on conspicuous trees. Sometimes makes seasonal migrations; so in the mountains Brown bear, starting from spring, feeds in the valleys, where the snow melts earlier, then goes to the loaches ( alpine meadows, then gradually descends into the forest belt, where berries and nuts ripen.

    (Slide 7) Brown bear is an omnivore, 3/4 vegetable - berries, acorns, nuts, roots, tubers and grass stalks. In lean years for berries in the northern regions the Bears visit crops of oats, and in the southern - crops of corn.

    (Slide 8) In summer, insects and their larvae sometimes make up to 1/3 of the diet bear. Although predation is not an exemplary strategy brown bears, they also hunt ungulates - roe deer, deer.

    In June-July, the foliage of young aspens is prominent in the diet. bear. To get to the top of the tree, he rises on his hind legs, grabs the trunk with his front legs, pulls it towards himself and often breaks it. Feeding marks are especially noticeable bear in raspberries, where he crumples and breaks the bushes, from which wide corridors form in the thickets.

    (Slide 9) In the Far East, they feed in cedar forests in autumn. Its diet also includes insects (ants, butterflies, worms, lizards, frogs, rodents (mice, marmots, ground squirrels, chipmunks) and fish.

    In the Far East brown bears in some cases may prey on Himalayan bears and tigers. Brown bear loves honey(hence the name, eats carrion, and also, using the advantage in size, takes prey from other predators - wolves, cougars and tigers.

    (Slide 10) Seasonal food is fish during spawning (anadromous salmon, in early spring- rhizomes, in grizzlies living in the vicinity of the rocky mountains, in summer - butterflies that hide in the mountains among stones from summer heat. When the fish are just starting to spawn, the Bears they eat the whole fish caught, then they begin to eat only the fattest parts - skin, head, caviar and milk.

    (Slide 11-12) Reproduction.

    Females bring offspring every 2-4 years. Their estrus lasts from May to July, 10-30 days. At this time, males, usually silent, begin to roar loudly, and fierce fights break out between them, sometimes ending in death; the winner can even eat the loser. The female mates with several males. Pregnancy bears with a latent stage, the embryo does not begin to develop until November, when the female lies down in the den. In total, pregnancy lasts 6-8 months, and childbirth occurs from January to March. The father is not engaged in offspring, cubs raised by a female.

    Puberty in baribals occurs at 2-5 years. Males continue to grow up to 10-12 years. Life expectancy in nature - 10 years, in captivity - up to 30 years.

    (Slide 13-14) bear cubs.

    It is in the den that small lumps are born, hardly resembling adults - the mass of newborns cubs does not exceed 350 grams! By the time you wake up cubs, fed with mother's milk, overgrown with hair and gain weight significantly. Finally cubs separated from the mother at 3-4 years of age.

    (Slide 15-16) Den. A place for winter sleep bear should be quiet and isolated from the presence of unexpected guests. As bedding bears use branches, moss and others "helpers" materials. The dimensions of the den do not exceed the dimensions bear. With the onset of winter, the lair is covered with a continuous thick layer of snow, in which a small hole is formed for air to enter. Sleep duration bear depends on location and climatic conditions. bears sleep in winter thus reducing the body's need for energy. The Bears"sleep" several months in a row with one single goal - to survive.

    (Slide 17) Connecting rod. brown bears that wake up in the middle of winter are called connecting rods. Because in winter time there is no plant food, he will have to hunt.

    Systematics.

    In genus 4 modern look and several dozen subspecies, which were previously given species status by some authors (up to 78 types).

    (Slide 18) Himalayan bear or white-breasted bear.

    (Slide 19) Brown Kamchatka bear.

    (Slide 20) White bear.

    (Slide 21) Brown bear and grizzly.

    Brown bear

    European Brown bear

    Transcaucasian Brown bear

    Apennine Brown bear

    Tien Shan Brown bear

    Tibetan Brown bear

    Japanese Brown bear

    Gobi Brown bear

    Berman Brown bear

    Atlas bear

    Californian Brown bear

    Mexican Brown bear

    Ussuri white-breasted bear

    Etruscan bear

    Caveman bear

    Small cave bear

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    A presentation on the topic "About bears" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: The world. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 10 slide(s).

    Presentation slides

    slide 1

    about the Bears.

    About the brown and polar bear!

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    What is the lifespan, weight of a Brown Bear?

    In nature, 20-30 years, in captivity live more than 50 years. The weight of an adult brown bear ranges from 80-600 kg and, despite increased hunting, there are still bears weighing up to 750 kg. The largest bears are found in Alaska and Kamchatka - they weigh 300 kg or more, there were giants weighing 600-700 kg. The largest bear caught very successfully, named Kodiak for the Berlin Zoo, weighed 1134 kg. Average weight: males: 135-390 kg, females: 95-205 kg. In autumn, the weight of a bear can increase by about 20%.

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    What is the behavior of the Brown Bear?

    The brown bear is active more often at dusk, in the mornings and evenings, but on rainy days it wanders throughout the day. Daytime vigil is typical for a bear in the mountains of Siberia. The seasonal cycle of life is pronounced. Bears are very sensitive, they navigate the terrain mainly with the help of hearing and smell, their eyesight is poor. Brown bears can smell rotting meat from more than 2.5 km away. Although the bear's body mass is large and it seems clumsy, in fact it is a silent, fast and easy-to-move beast. The bear runs extremely fast - with the agility of a good horse - at a speed of over 55 km / h. He swims well, can swim 6 km and even more, and bathes willingly, especially in hot weather. In his youth, the brown bear climbs trees well, but in old age he does it reluctantly, although it cannot be said that he loses this ability completely. In deep snow, however, it is difficult to move. When meeting with a dangerous opponent, the bear lets out a loud roar, stands on its hind legs and tries to knock down the enemy with blows from its front paws or grab it. For the winter, looking for a den, bears can go far from their summer site.

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    What is the height, length of the polar bear?

    The polar bear, obviously, can be considered the largest of the living land predators: the body length (without tail) of adult males is usually 200-250 cm, rare bears reach 285 and, as an exception, 302 cm. Height. At the shoulders 130-140, occasionally 150 cm. The body length of adult females usually varies from 160 to 250 cm. The length of the tail (with terminal hair) is 20-22 cm.

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    What is the mass of a polar bear?

    The mass of polar bears varies greatly depending on the degree of their fatness. In exceptional cases, the male can reach 800-1000 kg. The usual weight of adult males in Greenland is about 450 kg, only well-fed individuals weigh up to 500 kg, and well-fed females weigh 350-380 kg. In Canada, the mass of male polar bears 1 caught for marking did not exceed 425, and females - 216 kg. Males studied in Svalbard in August - September 1967 weighed 350-400 and only one 510 kg, females - 200-250 and 320 kg, respectively. , including the mass of two of them, reaching 15 years or more, was 450 and 530 kg; the weight of females over the age of 4 years varied from 180 to 350 kg, two females over 10 years old weighed 290 and 320 kg each.

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    Read the verse! Read the Verse!

    One morning at the zoo Serious dispute, even hot Suddenly, the neighbors started - Brown and white - two bears. - How, buddy, did you become white? What, you got dirty with chalk? - Are you brown? Is it all covered in soil? You see, the bears are not laughing, Their fur color worries. Who painted, give an answer, These bears in a different color?

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