As Victor Hugo used to say, a person has as many as three characters: one ascribes to him the environment, the other he ascribes to himself, and the third is real, objective.

There are more than five hundred character traits of a person, and not all of them are unambiguously positive or negative, a lot depends on the context.

Therefore, any person who has collected certain qualities in individual proportions is unique.

The character of a person is a specific combination of personal, ordered psychological traits, features, nuances inherent only to him. It is formed, meanwhile, for a lifetime and manifests itself during labor and social interaction.

Soberly assessing and describing the character of the chosen person is not an easy task. After all, not all of its properties are shown to the environment: some features (good and bad) remain in the shadows. Yes, and to ourselves we seem somewhat different than seen in the mirror.

Is it possible? Yes, there is a version that this is possible. Through long efforts and training, you are able to appropriate the qualities you love, becoming a little better.

The character of a person is manifested in actions, in social behavior. It is visible in the attitude of the individual to work, to things, to other people and in her self-esteem.

In addition, the qualities of character are divided into groups - "volitional", "emotional", "intellectual" and "social".

We are not born with specific traits, but acquire them in the process of upbringing, education, exploration of the environment, and so on. Of course, the genotype also influences the formation of character: the apple often falls very close to the apple tree.

At its core, character is close to temperament, but they are not the same thing.

In order to relatively soberly assess oneself and one's role in society, psychologists advise writing out their positive, neutral and negative traits on a piece of paper and analyze.

Try to do this and you will find examples of character traits below.

Positive character traits (list)

Negative qualities of character (list)

At the same time, some qualities are difficult to attribute to good or bad, and you can’t call them neutral either. So, any mother wants her daughter to be shy, silent and bashful, but is this good for the girl?

Again, a dreamy person can be cute, but completely unlucky due to the fact that he is always in the clouds. An assertive individual looks stubborn for some, unbearable and stubborn for others.

Is it bad to be gambling and carefree? How far has cunning gone from wisdom and resourcefulness? Ambitiousness, ambition, purposefulness lead to success or to loneliness? It will probably depend on the situation and context.

And what to be to you, you decide!

Despite significant differences in the approach to personality and its definition, there are common positions that can be reflected in the selection and description of its main qualities (properties):

    sociality , i.e. irreducibility to individual, biological human characteristics, saturation with socio-cultural content;

    uniqueness - originality and originality inner peace a specific personality, its sovereignty and irreducibility to one or another social or psychological type;

    transcendence - the desire to go beyond the "limits of oneself", constant development and creativity as a way of being a person, belief in the possibility of self-improvement and overcoming external and internal barriers on the way to the goal and, as a result of what has been said, completeness, inconsistency and problematicness;

    integrity and subjectivity - preservation of internal unity and identity (equality to oneself) in all situations she lives throughout her life, over-situation;

    activity and subjectivity - the ability to change oneself and the conditions of one's existence, relative independence from external conditions, the ability to be a source of one's own activity, the cause of actions and taking responsibility for these actions;

    moral as a humanistic basis for interaction with social world, the desire to treat the other as the highest value, equal to the value of one's own "I", and not as a means of achieving other, more "higher" goals.

The listed personality traits do not exist on their own, separately from each other, but form dialectical contradictory connections that reasonably limit and harmonize their manifestation in the process of life. Thus, morality limits activity and subjectivity, preventing them from degenerating into socially unacceptable forms. Uniqueness helps to "remove" the problem of the transformation of the individual in the process of socialization into a "collective person" (K.-G. Jung), a conformist. Sociality prevents the degeneration of the uniqueness and sovereignty of the individual into egocentric isolation. Integrity determines the facet of personality variability, which helps to preserve its identity. The desire for transcending leads to the liberation of the hidden reserves of the personality, increasing its creative and adaptive capabilities, not allowing the personality to freeze in inert self-satisfaction.

All these qualities are not given to the personality initially, but are the result of a long and complex process of formation or development of the personality.

Security questions for topic number 6

    How is personality defined from the standpoint of scientific psychology?

    List personality traits.

    Describe the attitude as a determining trend.

    Name foreign and domestic approaches to personality.

    Describe personality as a self-organizing system.

Topic 7. Models of personality structure Lecture 7. Models of personality structure

Basic concepts:

personality; the concept of personality traits; personality type; introvert; extrovert; intuition; sensation; libido; introjection; pleasure principle; reality principle; moral principle; psychological protection; crowding out; negation; projection; rationalization; substitution; personality structure; the content of the personality; orientation; experience.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. The term "personality" is used in different scientific paradigms (?): philosophy, sociology, linguistics, psychology. This concept exists even in religion and politics.

In everyday life, we also often use it, for example, talking about someone “interesting or famous person" etc. What is this concept? Who can be called that, and who can not? What qualities are needed for this?

Definition of personality - what is it

This term has many definitions. If we combine them, then the output will be the following:

Personality is a person participating in the socio-cultural life and activities of society, revealing his individual characteristics in the process of interaction with other people.

A person can exist in two forms:

  1. how individual, the subject of relations (each person);
  2. as a member of a certain society endowed with a certain system of stable qualities (for example, a member of a party, an actor, an athlete).

From here it is clear that personality is not born- it becomes in the process of socialization (?), knowledge of the surrounding world. A person acquires his own individual set of moral qualities, which distinguishes him from others.

In the future, people unite in a community, unite in groups driven by similar interests.

Various approaches

As noted above, this concept is used in various public aspects, and they all respond in their own way to the question what is personality. Briefly about some of them:

  1. Philosophers different times had different interpretations of this concept: a person was interpreted as the essence of God, as a hero and just a citizen of his state. Its obligatory attributes, according to great minds, are will, reason and feelings.
  2. Social sciences connect a person with the culture of society: that is, it is possible to be it only in the context of a cultural society.
  3. religious currents define the concept of personality in different ways. For example, in Christianity, only people can be called that, and from the moment the conception occurred in the womb (therefore, abortion at any time is considered a sin). In Hinduism, a person is not only a person, but also animals. In Buddhism there is no such concept at all: it is replaced by the word "soul".
  4. In politics- this is a subject endowed with certain, assigned to it by the constitution of Russia.

Personality in psychology

The psychological view of this concept is also a scientific approach. In my opinion, it is the most interesting, so I allocate a separate chapter for it. In psychology, the most common definition is:

A personality is a person who has a certain set of psychological qualities that determine his life in society: behavior, actions, relationships with people, activities, etc.

What is a strong personality

What qualities must a person have to be called that? Based on the personality structure described below (be sure to read it - very useful), we can say that strong personality- it:

  1. self-confident person;
  2. having a strong-willed character;
  3. able to manage their actions and emotional intelligence;
  4. easily adaptable to any changes in the environment, especially negative ones;
  5. having goals and being able to achieve them;
  6. effectively interacting with the world and rationally thinking.

This list of qualities is endless.

The person described above is rather a collective image, since for each individual there is a portrait of a strong personality. You can compose it yourself and develop the necessary characteristics in order to become strong.

For example, in this video we are offered to pay attention to 22 signs of a strong-willed person:

Do you consider yourself one of those? Well, okay. Being strong is not a synonym for "". For the most part, such people simply cannot act differently - they are. Did they want it? You have to ask them.

Personally, I do not want to be like that, because due to the features described below (temperament, abilities, strong-willed qualities), this is not my way. A go the other way- the worst thing that can happen to a person.

Do not be fooled by the calls of "woe teachers" personal growth - they will not help you. Everything is decided by genetics and your own wish. Breaking the program of behavior laid down by nature is not worth it, because it is unnatural.

Examples of strong, prominent and historical figures

In fact, there are a lot of such people. Just not everyone was lucky enough to go down in history. This happens only if a strong personality manifests itself at a very high level (state, world) or if, due to some circumstances, a wide circle of people becomes aware of them.

  1. Genghis Khan- Mongolian nomad who conquered half the world. Without outstanding personal qualities, it would be difficult to even think about it.
  2. Alexander the Great- at one time he also conquered half the world, however, he went from west to east, and Genghis Khan - from east to west, but that’s not the point.
  3. Napoleon- there is much more evidence about the scale of his personality than about the previous two defendants. He went from lieutenant to emperor in 20 years, conquering people with the strength of his spirit and self-confidence. He almost became the emperor of the whole world (and who prevented him from doing this?).
  4. Minin and Pozharsky- these two people, thanks to their personal qualities, led the militia at the beginning of the seventeenth century and expelled the Polish invaders from Moscow.
  5. Peter the Great- a very odious personality, for the period of his not very long life which made Russia a maritime (great) power. So much energy and confidence emanated from him, which allowed him to do the impossible.
  6. Catherine II- a native German woman who, having become our empress, thanks to her indefatigable energy and iron will, made Russia truly Great.
  7. Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich- who will say that this is not the strongest personality in the current world politics. Of course, descendants will judge his deeds, but it is already clear even now that he will go down in history on a par with the above-mentioned comrades.

There is people who are considered strong not for what they achieved in life, but for the fact that they were able to stay true to themselves on the verge of death:

  1. Ivan Susanin- made the Polish invaders lose time leading them through the swamps, while knowing that he would be executed for this.
  2. Alexey Maresyev- a pilot, was shot down during the Second World War and for many days got to his own with crushed legs. After that, he returned to service and flew on prostheses, striking all his contemporaries and descendants with the strength of his character.
  3. Magomed Nurbagandov- a policeman from Dagestan who, in the face of death, did not lose his temper and did not abandon his principles. He was executed in front of a video camera by a group of bandits. But he was not broken.

What influences the formation of personality

The structure of personality refers to the presence of certain traits and the interaction between them.

In an individual, these traits are manifested in varying degrees and intensity, which is why all people are different from each other. Imagine that inside each of us there is a personal mosaic: everyone has it, but no one like you.

You will not find two completely identical people on the planet: each has its own peculiarity, individuality. , contradictions and misunderstandings between individuals.

To better understand what qualities characterize a personality, consider its components.

Motivation consists of 3 elements:

  1. A need is a psychological or physiological need (I want to eat).
  2. A stimulus is something that starts human activity in order to satisfy a need (I got a stomach ache from hunger).
  3. Intention - a decision regarding the satisfaction of a need (I will now get up and go to lunch).

Motivation is an important part of being successful if a person has no goals, then it is unlikely that he will achieve high achievements while sitting on the couch.

Also, knowledge about motivation will help you to better interact with others: having understood what need a person wanted to satisfy, his behavior becomes explainable and predictable in advance.

For example, the one who stole money is optional bad person. Maybe he just wanted to eat.

Strong personalities who have achieved a lot in life, had a very strong motivation, moving them forward and forcing them not to notice obstacles.

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being born new personality receives the gift of a unique character. Human nature can consist of traits inherited from parents, or it can manifest itself in a completely different, unexpected quality.

Nature not only determines behavioral reactions, it specifically affects the manner of communication, attitude towards others and one's own person, to work. Character traits of a person create a certain worldview in a person.

A person's behavioral responses depend on the nature

These two definitions create confusion, because both of them are involved in the formation of personality and behavioral responses. In fact, the character and temperament are heterogeneous:

  1. The character is formed from a list of certain acquired qualities of the personality's mental make-up.
  2. Temperament is a biological quality. Psychologists distinguish four types of it: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic.

Having the same temperament, individuals can have absolutely different character. But temperament has an important influence on the development of nature - smoothing or sharpening it. Also, human nature directly affects temperament.

What is character

Psychologists, speaking of character, mean a certain combination of traits of an individual, persistent in their expression. These traits have the maximum impact on the behavioral line of the individual in diverse relationships:

  • among people;
  • in the work team;
  • to one's own personality;
  • to the surrounding reality;
  • to physical and mental labor.

The word "character" is of Greek origin, it means "to mint". This definition was introduced by the naturalist Ancient Greece Theophrastus philosopher. Such a word really, very accurately defines the nature of the individual.


Theophrastus first coined the term "character"

The character seems to be drawn as a unique drawing, it gives rise to a unique seal that a person wears in a single copy.

Simply put, character is a combination, a combination of stable individual mental characteristics.

How to understand nature

To understand what kind of nature an individual has, you need to analyze all his actions. It is behavioral reactions that determine examples of character and characterize the personality.

But this judgment is often subjective. Far from always a person reacts as intuition tells him. Actions are influenced by upbringing, life experience, customs of the environment where the person lives.

But you can understand what kind of character a person has. Watching and Analyzing for a long time actions of a certain personality, it is possible to identify individual, especially stable features. If a person is completely different situations behaves in the same way, showing similar reactions, makes the same decision - this indicates the presence of a certain nature in him.

Knowing which character traits are manifested and dominated by a person, it is possible to predict how she will manifest herself in a given situation.

Character and traits

A character trait is an important part of a personality; it is a stable quality that determines the interaction of a person and the surrounding reality. This is a defining method of resolving emerging situations, so psychologists consider a trait of nature as a predictable personal behavior.


Variety of characters

A person acquires features of character in the course of the entire life span, it is impossible to attribute individual features of nature to innate and characterological. In order to analyze and assess the personality, the psychologist not only determines the totality of individual characteristics, but also highlights their distinctive features.

It is the traits of character that are defined as leading in the study and compilation psychological characteristics personality.

But, defining, evaluating a person, studying the traits of behavior in socially, the psychologist also uses knowledge of the content orientation of nature. It is defined in:

  • strength-weakness;
  • latitude-narrowness;
  • static-dynamic;
  • integrity-contradiction;
  • integrity-fragmentation.

Such nuances constitute the general complete description a certain person.

List of personality traits

Human nature is the most complex cumulative combination of peculiar features, which is formed in unique system. This order includes the brightest, most stable personal qualities, revealed in the gradations of human-society relationships:

Relationship system Inherent traits of an individual
Plus Minus
To self fastidiousness Condescension
Self-criticism Narcissism
Meekness Boastfulness
Altruism Egocentrism
To the people around Sociability Closure
Complacency Callousness
Sincerity deceitfulness
Justice Injustice
Commonwealth Individualism
sensitivity Callousness
Courtesy shamelessness
To work organization Laxity
obligatory stupidity
diligence slovenliness
Enterprise inertia
industriousness laziness
to items frugality Waste
thoroughness Negligence
Neatness Negligence

In addition to character traits included by psychologists in the gradation of relationships (a separate category), manifestations of nature in the moral, temperamental, cognitive and sthenic spheres were identified:

  • moral: humanity, rigidity, sincerity, good nature, patriotism, impartiality, responsiveness;
  • temperamental: gambling, sensuality, romance, liveliness, receptivity; passion, frivolity;
  • intellectual (cognitive): analyticity, flexibility, inquisitiveness, resourcefulness, efficiency, criticality, thoughtfulness;
  • sthenic (volitional): categoricalness, perseverance, obstinacy, stubbornness, purposefulness, timidity, courage, independence.

Many leading psychologists are inclined to believe that some personality traits should be divided into two categories:

  1. Productive (motivational). Such traits push a person to commit certain acts and actions. This is the goal-feature.
  2. Instrumental. Giving personality during any activity individuality and way (manners) of action. These are traits.

Gradation of character traits according to Allport


Allport's theory

The famous American psychologist Gordon Allport, an expert and developer of gradations of personality traits of an individual, divided personality traits into three classes:

Dominant. Such features most clearly reveal the behavioral form: actions, activities of a certain person. These include: kindness, selfishness, greed, secrecy, gentleness, modesty, greed.

Usual. They are equally manifested in all the numerous spheres of human life. These are: humanity, honesty, generosity, arrogance, altruism, egocentrism, cordiality, openness.

Secondary. These nuances do not have a particular effect on behavioral responses. These are not dominant behaviors. These include musicality, poetry, diligence, diligence.

A strong relationship is formed between the traits of nature existing in a person. This regularity forms the final character of the individual.

But any existing structure has its own hierarchy. The warehouse of man was no exception. This nuance is traced in Allport's proposed gradation structure, where minor features can be suppressed by dominant ones. But in order to predict the act of a person, it is necessary to focus on the totality of the features of nature..

What is typicality and individuality

In the manifestation of the nature of each personality, it always reflects the individual and typical. This is a harmonious combination of personal qualities, because the typical serves as the basis for identifying the individual.

What is a typical character. When a person has a certain set of traits that are the same (common) for a particular group of people, such a warehouse is called typical. Like a mirror, it reflects the accepted and habitual conditions for the existence of a particular group.

Also, typical features depend on the warehouse (a certain type of nature). They are also a condition for the appearance of a behavioral type of character, in the category of which a person is “recorded”.

Having understood exactly what features are inherent in a given personality, a person can make an average (typical) psychological portrait and assign a certain type of temperament. For instance:

positive negative
Choleric
Activity Incontinence
Energy irascibility
Sociability Aggressiveness
Determination Irritability
Initiative Rudeness in communication
Impulsiveness Behavior instability
Phlegmatic person
persistence Low activity
performance slowness
calmness immobility
Consistency uncommunicative
Reliability Individualism
good faith laziness
sanguine
Sociability Rejection of monotony
Activity Superficiality
benevolence Lack of persistence
adaptability bad perseverance
Cheerfulness Frivolity
Courage Recklessness in actions
Resourcefulness Inability to focus
melancholic
Sensitivity Closure
Impressionability Low activity
diligence uncommunicative
Restraint Vulnerability
cordiality Shyness
Accuracy Poor performance

Such typical character traits corresponding to a certain temperament are observed in each (to one degree or another) representative of the group.

individual manifestation. Relationships between individuals always have an evaluative characteristic, they are manifested in a rich variety of behavioral reactions. On the manifestation of the individual traits of the individual has big influence emerging circumstances, a formed worldview and a certain environment.

This feature is reflected in the brightness of various typical features of the individual. They are not the same in intensity and develop in each individual individually.

Some typical features are so powerfully manifested in a person that they become not just individual, but unique.

In this case, typicality develops, by definition, into individuality. This classification of personality helps to identify the negative characteristics of the individual that prevent them from expressing themselves and achieving a certain position in society.

Working on himself, analyzing and correcting the shortcomings in his own character, each person creates the life he aspires to.

We dealt with all the molecules of the human body, flew into space, turned to philosophy and religion, biophysics and biochemistry, but did not find answers to the questions, how does the idea arise why the desires of different people can be diametrically opposed, and looking at one and the same the same subject, we see completely different things?

This mysterious creature- Person. The more highly organized we become, the more we are interested in the question, how does this complex mechanism still work? We dealt with all the molecules of the human body, flew into space, turned to philosophy and religion, biophysics and biochemistry, but did not find answers to the questions, how does the idea arise, why the desires of different people can be diametrically opposed, what can explain the fact that looking at the same subject, ?

Only now, with the help of system-vector psychology, we are trying to look at others not through ourselves, not comparing them with a fictitious "norm", but in a different way - perceiving them as they are, differentiating a person's personal qualities, understanding the innate nature of their properties, and it means a system of values, priorities and desires, the desire to satisfy which determines human behavior.

System-vector psychology gives eight starting points, the eight faces that make up mental human, eight vectors that determine the direction for the development of the psychological qualities of the individual.

Innate properties develop to certain level development: either they develop up to the highest level of a modern member of society, or they remain at the elementary level of relations in a primitive pack - the way of realizing these innate personality traits throughout adult life depends on this.

Theft and engineering technologies are different manifestations the same innate quality, the desire to get and save.

In the first case, this is production FOR YOURSELF, i.e., directed inside the personality, and in the second case, this is the extraction and saving of various resources of society, which, of course, will benefit the author of these developments personally, but already as a MEMBER OF SOCIETY, and not just a hungry hunter.

What determines the level of development of innate personality traits?

Why, being brought up in the same family, one of the brothers becomes an outstanding doctor, famous public figure, and the other - a criminal who brings destruction and suffering to people?

What personality traits determine her behavior?

What are the components of the psychological portrait of a modern personality?

Is it possible to develop or eradicate certain personal qualities of a person intentionally?

Do psychological qualities change over the years?

Gingerbread - pleasure, whip - lack of gingerbread

Nature provides us from birth with certain psychological properties, realizing which we get pleasure. There is no realization - we suffer, shortages grow, the biochemical balance of the brain is disturbed and ... we are thrown into an archetypal program, that is, we go to satisfy our desires directly, somehow, if only to relieve tension, to get, if not pleasure, but at least remove this internal pressure. It is stronger than us, it is Nature. By by and large it does not give us a choice - in any case, we will fulfill our species role, but how - it already depends on us.

Options for the implementation of the innate qualities of a person can differ from each other, like heaven and earth. Humanity has been developing for 50 thousand years, and the ability to skillfully and accurately throw a spear is no longer relevant today. Many of us do not even know how to properly hold a shovel or an ax in our hands, but most of the urban population knows what the Internet is and has the skills to use a computer.

V modern society those psychological properties, which allowed an ancient man with a skin vector to kill a mammoth faster than anyone else or organize warriors to defeat enemies, are implemented in business, engineering and lawmaking - with a high level of development of vector properties. Or they remain at the level of "mammoth prey", i.e. theft, speculation and overweight in the market, fraud or all sorts of scams.

In each vector, the innate qualities of a person can be realized at a high level and bring benefits to the whole society - in this case, a person receives maximum pleasure from his activity, since his actions correspond to the level of temperament (strength of desire) modern man. If the realization of properties goes at the primitive level - directly, the personal qualities of a person are used only for themselves, then the satisfaction is scanty, since this is an option for ancient man, for his low temperament. And it is perceived by the individual as a relief of pressure, temporary, small, short, and pushes him to repeat his actions again and again, since full satisfaction never comes.

It's like running in circles: "stole - drank - to jail - stole - drank - to jail."

Steps of psychological evolution

The time until the end of puberty (12-15 years) is the most important and the only possible period in order to develop innate personality traits. Education, adequate to the vector set of the child, creates conditions for the maximum development of all the existing properties of the younger generation. During this period, each vector of the child in its development manages to reach some level of development, there are four of them in total: inanimate, vegetative, animal and maximum - a person.

For example, the development of a baby begins from the lowest level - inanimate. In this state, he is attracted by everything bright and beautiful in the world around him: from flowers to pictures, from bright applications to soft toys. Growing up does not guarantee the development of the vector, if the child is not correctly directed in this direction, then all that he will be able to do in the future is to notice only the external beauty of people or animals, nature or design. But all this will not cause a deep emotional response in him, the expression of feelings will remain at the level: beautiful, but soulless.

With the right approach, the child is able to move to the next stage of perception of the world around him - the plant level of the visual vector. Love and admiration for beauty will still remain in him, but empathy for wildlife will be added to this. Here the flowers were plucked and abandoned, sorry, they are dying. Here is a homeless dog wandering, and the heart shrinks from one of its sights. At the same time, the same homeless person will not at all arouse sympathy in the viewer. He does not feel his suffering. In adult life, the personal qualities of a person who are at this level of development of the visual vector can show their visual properties in defense environment, organizations of charitable foundations for the protection of animals, veterinary clinics and shelters, saving endangered species and the like.

The next level of development that can be reached before puberty is animal. To empathy with our smaller brothers and living nature, the ability to sympathize with people is added, such a person already knows how to create emotional connection with a person.

The highest level of development of the visual vector is human. In this state, love is primary. It extends to everything around and is expressed by a general empathy for all living things and, first of all, for a person. Animals still evoke compassion, like flowers and trees, but human life always takes precedence. The spectator, developed to this level, devotes himself to helping people in need. Human life and human misfortunes will always evoke the greatest response in him than all animal nature taken together.

Each next level does not exclude the previous one, but, on the contrary, includes it. Founder charitable foundation helping children may well be a famous top model like Natalia Vodianova.

Love for animals or flowers, passion for painting or photography may accompany visual person all his life, but with a high level of development of vector personality traits, human life will always be priority No. 1 for him, so saving the endangered species of African birds will fade into the background when help is needed for people affected by the flood.

Psychological portrait of a modern personality

Satisfying his needs at a higher level, a person gets a higher sense of the quality of life: even enjoyment from his activity, which cannot be compared with the sensations from the implementation on lower levels. Therefore, even having not the most high level development of innate properties, but realizing the personal qualities of a person and the need for implementation, any person can define an activity for himself, if not the main one, but as a hobby that would allow him to more fully realize his innate properties and desires, getting pleasure from this activity.

Thus, the psychological portrait of a person is formed by his vector set, innate temperament (the strength of desire in each vector), the level of development of the innate qualities of the personality (vectors) and the degree of implementation of these qualities in this moment life.

Having mastered the basic knowledge of the nature of all eight vectors, trainees can easily draw up a psychological portrait of any person on their own, which means to understand his behavior, character, understand his values, priorities and way of thinking, find out the real reasons for his actions, often hidden even from him. himself, and to see all his possible potential and ways to solve existing psychological problems.

The article was written based on the materials of the training " System-Vector Psychology»