Northern Dvina belongs to navigable rivers. Located in the north of Russia, in its European part. At first glance, this river is unremarkable, but if you look deeper into its history and geography, you can find several interesting facts.

At one time (approximately from the middle of the XVI to the beginning of the XVII century), this river was the only way that connected the Russian Empire with those countries that at that time were located in the Northern and Western Europe... This route was actively used by merchants and diplomats. By the middle of the 19th century, its significance for foreign trade Russian Empire decreased significantly. However, in order to defend some cities in the event of a possible war (for example, Arkhangelsk), the mouth of this river was very suitable.

Length of the Northern Dvina River

This river is not very big - its length is only 744 km. If we compare it with the Volga, the largest and longest Russian river, then the Northern Dvina is five times inferior to it - the length of the Volga is 3,530 km.

Two rivers - Sukhona and Yug - merge into one, called the Malaya Northern Dvina. All this is happening near the city of Veliky Ustyug, located in the Vologda region. And this city is interesting because the Russian residence of Father Frost is located there.

After that, it turns north and flows through Arkhangelsk and its environs. The high-water Vychegda river brings its waters into the Northern Dvina watercourse immediately after Arangelsk, after which the river continues its movement strictly to the north. Immediately before the confluence of the Dvinskaya Bay, the White Sea, it merges with another river called the Pinega.

The source of the Northern Dvina is located at the confluence of two rivers: the Sukhona and the South. The Northern Dvina flows into the White Sea. There are many in the river rare species fish: bream, burbot, roach, pike. Anadromous fish are of industrial importance: lamprey and salmon, while smelt and river flounder can be found in the delta.

Tributaries of the Northern Dvina River

The Northern Dvina feeds mainly on snow, which in spring melts into its waters. It freezes at the end of October - somewhat earlier than other rivers in Russia, which is explained by its more northerly position. When the river opens up (and this usually happens in mid-April or even in early May, if the spring is late and cold), then the ice drift is quite stormy, active, and jams are often formed. During this period, it is not navigable - it can even be dangerous.

This river has two main tributaries - the Sukhona and Yug rivers. However, if you count all the rivers that flow into it, then this will be

Russian cities on the Northern Dvina river

There are many cities, large and small, on the Northern Dvina River. First of all, this is Veliky Ustyug, already mentioned above, famous for the fact that you can meet the real Santa Claus there. In addition, the cities of Novodvinsk, Severodvinsk and the legendary city of Arkhangelsk are located near the mouth of the river.

Ships go along the river. The paddle steamer NV Gogol is still operating on the Northern Dvina - it was launched back in 1911 and still functions as a full-fledged cruise ship, which enjoys the attention of tourists.

The Western Dvina is a river reservoir in the northern part of Eastern Europe, which covers the territories of three states - Russia, Latvia and Belarus. It has many ancient names, the most common being Eridan and Rudon. The total length of the channel is 1020 kilometers, the territory of Russia is about 330 km. Coming out of Lake Karjakino, it runs in the south-west direction, turning to the north-west, bypassing the city of Vitebsk. The area of ​​the Western Dvina basin is about 90 thousand square kilometers, which allows it to remain among the deepest rivers in Eastern Europe.

Peculiarities

The first mention of the name of the river is found in the annals of the monk Nestor, and if we take into account the research of V.A. Zhuchkevich, the hydronym is of Finnish origin, which means “calm” in translation.

The river basin is formed by twelve thousand small and large rivers... The largest tributary is the Mezha River, whose length is close to 260 kilometers. From the placer of reservoirs surrounding the Western Dvina, lake systems can be distinguished - Braslavskaya, Zasaraiskaya and Zhizhitskaya.

The river valley has a relatively rugged, trapezoidal shape. Its width at the top of the stream reaches 0.9 km, and in the lower course it is close to 6 km. The floodplain is bilateral. The channel can be called moderately meandering, indistinctly branched, but there is a large number of rapids, which, upon reaching Vitebsk, increase in length up to twelve kilometers. It is noteworthy that within the Lake Ovat, the width of the reservoir hardly reaches twenty meters.

The coastal zone is quite wooded, characterized by the presence of boulders, and the character of the channel is rocky, with rifts.

Since time immemorial, the river has served people as a transport highway. It was along this road that the world famous road called "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed. The river replenishes the Baltic Sea by 20 thousand cubic meters annually. kilometers of water.

The environs of the passage of the river on the territory of the Tver region are endowed with a special attractiveness of picturesque landscapes. V upstream coniferous trees predominate, birch, aspen and alder plantations prevail in the middle and lower ones. Shrubs are dominated by cranberries and lingonberries.

Speaking about the section of the river flowing on the territory of the Tver region, one cannot fail to mention the city of the same name, located near the riverbed. The history of the city of Zapadnaya Dvina is about five thousand years old, and many centuries-old Slavic settlements have been repeatedly discovered in its vicinity.

The flora and fauna of this territory remains practically untouched in some places, and fishermen often have gorgeous catches of perch, roach, pike and other fish species. The ecological purity of the area contributes to the organization of all types of out-of-town recreation and tourist rafting on the river from May to September.

How to get there

On the territory of the Tver region, on the banks of the Western Dvina, there is a city of the same name. Its removal from regional center- Tver is 24 kilometers and is overcome by personal or public transport on the M10 highway in less than an hour.

Geographical encyclopedia

I in Latvia Daugava, river in Eastern Europe, flows on the territory of Russia, Belarus, Latvia. 1020 km, basin area 87.9 thousand km2. Starts at the Valdai Upland, flows into the Gulf of Riga Baltic Sea forming a delta ... encyclopedic Dictionary

City (from 1937) in Russian Federation, Tver region., On the river. Zap. Dvina. Railroad station... 11.4 thousand inhabitants (1992). Woodworking plant, flax mill ...

- (Latvian Daugava), a river in Russia, Belarus and Latvia. Length 1020 km. It originates in the Valdai Upland, flows into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The main tributaries are: Disna, Drissa, Aiviekste, Ogre. Navigable in selected areas. In the Western ... ... Modern encyclopedia

- (in Latvia Daugava Daugava), a river in Vost. Europe. It flows through the territory of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Latvia. 1020 km, basin area 87.9 thousand km & sup2. It starts at the Valdai Upland and flows into the Riga Hall. Baltic Sea, forming a delta ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Sush., Number of synonyms: 3 city (2765) daugava (2) river (2073) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin ... Synonym dictionary

Western Dvina- WESTERN DVINA, river, originates in the lake. Dvints, Ostashkov. uz., Tver. lips., on the slopes of Srednerus. an elevation, not far from the sources of the Volga and Dnipro and flows into the Rizh. bay near the edge of Ust Dvinsk. Length 938 ver. ZD is included in the Berezin. water ... Military encyclopedia

Western Dvina- 1) city, district center, Tver region. It arose as a settlement. at Art. Western Dvina (opened in 1901); name by location on the river. Western Dvina. Since 1937 the city. Probably, regardless of the considered name of the Dun, Dina in the middle and upper reaches of the river ... ... Toponymic dictionary

1. WESTERN DVINA (in Latvia Daugava, Daugava), a river in Eastern Europe, flows through the territory of Russia, Belarus, Latvia. 1020 km, pl. basin 87.9 thousand km2. It starts on the Valdai Upland, flows into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, ... ... Russian history

I Western Dvina river in the RSFSR, the BSSR and the Latvian SSR (within the latter it is called the Daugava). The length is 1,020 km, the basin area is 87,900 km2. It originates in the Valdai Upland, west of the sources of the Volga, flows into the Gulf of Riga ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

  • On the way of the Typhoon, Kalmykov Alexander Vladimirovich. The autumn of the forty-first year is not the best time for a hit. Kiev has already fallen, the tank hordes of the enemy are torn to Moscow. But you don't have to choose, and a newcomer from the future will not sit in the rear, ...
  • Great Encyclopedia of Russia: Nature and Geography of Russia (CD),. The encyclopedia you are holding in your hands is dedicated to the geography of Russia. Russia occupies most of the big mainland on the Earth called Eurasia. In the book "Nature and Geography ...
Source Reach (lake) Estuary Length 1020 Pool area 87 900 Source height 215 Water consumption 678

Western Dvina, or Daugava ( Sunset Dzvin, Daugava) - a river in Eastern Europe, flowing through the territory, and. The length is 1020 km, the basin area is 87.9 thousand km². The river originates at, in, flows out of Lake Okhvat, at first flows mainly to the south-west, after Vitebsk - to the north-west. It flows into, forming a delta. Average discharge of water is 678 m³ / s. It is connected by the Berezinsky water system (not operating) with. Navigable in selected areas. The concentration of a number of pollutants exceeds 10. On the Western Dvina the Kegumska, Pляavia and Rizhskaya were built.

Cities are located on the banks of the river.

Geography

Russia

The Western Dvina flows out of the large Ovat Lake stretching from the north-east to the south-west. The width of the river at its source is 15-20 meters, the banks are wooded, the channel is rocky, with separate rifts and small rapids.

On the section Andreapol - Zapadnaya Dvina, the width of the river increases to 50 meters, beyond the town of Zapadnaya Dvina, after overcoming another rapids section, the river receives large tributaries- Veles, Torop and Mezu, after which it expands to 100 meters.

Behind the mouth of the Mezha there is a large zapan, intended for collecting timber, rafted along the Mezha. Below the zapani, the river flows in high banks covered with mixed forest... The forest disappears in front of Velizh. The river is navigable beyond Velizh.

Belarus

Latvia

Between the Latgale and Augshzeme heights, the Daugava flows in a deep ancient valley. The width of the river here is about 200 m. Passing Daugavpils, the Daugava opens onto the East Latvian lowland. Here, the flow of the river slows down and the banks become low, therefore, during spring floods, ice jams are often formed in this area and the water floods large areas. From Jekabpils to Plavinas, the Daugava flows through an ancient valley. Its banks are steep here, with sheer cliffs made of gray dolomite. Especially interesting and beautiful was the river valley from Plavinas to Kegums. There were many rapids and shoals in the riverbed of the Daugava. The banks were decorated with beautiful rocks Olinkalns, Avotinu-Kalns, Staburags. After the construction of the Plavinas HPP, the water level rose by 40 m and the entire section of the ancient valley was flooded by the waters of the Plavinas reservoir.

The Kegums HPP reservoir stretches from Jaunelgava to Kegums. Near Salaspils, the road to the Daugava waters was blocked by the dam of the Riga hydroelectric power station.

Below Dole Island, the river flows along the Primorskaya lowland. Here, its valley is formed by loose sediments Quaternary... The banks of the Daugava in this area are low, and the valley is filled with river sediments. Alluvial sandy islands appear in the Riga region - Zakusala, Lucavsala, Kundzinsala, Kipsala, etc.

The width of the Daugava at the Riga bridges is about 700 m, and in the Milgravis area it reaches 1.5 km. The depth of the river here is about 8-9 m.

Etymology and history

Karamzin, following other historians, identified Eridan with the Western Dvina. Indeed, at the mouth of the Western Dvina (Daugava), a successful seeker will find "tears of Geliad" - amber.

As for the current name "Dvina", it was first mentioned by the chronicler Nestor. At the beginning of his chronicle, he writes: "The Dnieper will flow from the Volkovsky forest and will flow at noon, and the Dvina from the same forest will flow at midnight and enter the Varyazhskoe Sea." The Latvian name Daugava means "a lot of water". It is as old as the Latgalian population of the region.

A small stream on the Valdai Upland (Russia) begins the Daugava (outside Latvia - the Western Dvina) - the largest river in Latvia in terms of length, basin area and high flow.

The name "Daugava" was formed, apparently, from two ancient Baltic words, daug- "a lot, abundantly" and ava- "water"; together - "abundant water".

According to legend, Perkons ordered birds and animals to dig the Daugava.

Bank left, right -
Our Daugava:
Kurzeme, Vidzeme,
And Latgale is a power.

Oh, fate is fate!
The whole is not half!
Spirit is one and speech is one,
And the earth is one.


Localities on Western Dvina (Daugava)(from to)

| | right inflow | left inflow |

Western Dvina, a river in the RSFSR, the BSSR and the Latvian SSR (within the latter it is called the Daugava). Length 1,020 km, basin area 87,900 km 2 . It originates in the Valdai Upland, west of the sources of the Volga, flows into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea. The relief of the Z.D. basin is characterized by alternation of relatively large uplands (Vitebsk, Gorodok, Latgal, Vidzeme) and wide lowlands (Polotsk, East Latvian, Central Latvian). The pool is located in an area of ​​excess moisture. ZD begins with a shallow stream; passing lakes Dvinets and Okhvat-Zhadanie, it expands to 15 m and flows in a deep valley with steep banks. This character of the valley persists throughout almost the entire length of the river; only below 150 km from the source in a small area, the valley is weakly expressed (the river passes through lakes Luka and Kalakutskoe). On the coastal plain, it flows on low banks. The channel is characterized by numerous rapids associated with the accumulation of boulders and, in some places, bedrock outcrops of dolomites. In the lower course, the river splits into branches. The mouth area is an erosional delta about 35 km long. When it flows into the Gulf of Riga, it forms an underwater bar. Tributaries: Mezha, Kasplya, Luchesa, Ulla, Diena - on the left; Toropa, Drissa, Dubna, Aiviekste, Ogre - on the right. The food is mixed, with a predominance of snow and a large proportion of ground food. Spring floods - from late March to early June, summer low water is interrupted by rain floods, in autumn floods are more frequent. Winter low-water period from December to mid-March, but in some years there are floods caused by thaws. Average discharge at the mouth of about 700 m 3 / sec... Freezing up from December to March. On the west side there is the Plavinas HPP. V. I. Lenin and Kegums hydroelectric power station; under construction (1972) the Riga hydroelectric power station. Navigable in selected areas. It is connected by the Berezinsky canal with the Dnieper. On the river ≈ years. Vitebsk, Polotsk, Daugavpils, Jekabpils, at the mouth there is the seaport of Riga.

Lit .: Rogov M.M., Romashin V.V., Steinbakh B.V., Hydrology of the mouth area of ​​the Western Dvina, Moscow, 1964.

K.G. Tikhotsky.

  • - 1) city, district center, Tver region. It arose as a settlement. at Art. ; name by location on the river. ... Since 1937 the city ...

    Geographical encyclopedia

  • - Great Northern War Battle of 1701 between 15,000 Swedes under the command of Charles XII and 12,000 Saxons under the command of a march. von Steenau. Karl, advancing on Riga, found that Steenau had blocked the crossing over the Dvina ...

    Encyclopedia of battles in world history

  • - the Western river: Already more Sula does not flow in silver streams to the city of Pereyaslavl, and this formidable Polochan flows in a swamp under the click of the rotten ones. 33. .....

    Word about Igor's regiment - dictionary-reference book

  • - 1., a river in Eastern Europe, flows through the territory of Russia, Belarus, Latvia. 1020 km, pl. basin 87.9 thousand km2. It begins in the Valdai Upland, flows into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, forming a delta ...

    Russian encyclopedia

  • - 2 big rivers Europe. Russia, see Zap. and North. ...
  • - a small lake in Ostashkovsky u. Tver province, from which the river flows. Zap. Dvina ...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - The river of the Baltic basin, which flows into southern part Gulf of Riga ...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - a river in the west of the European part of the USSR; see Western Dvina ...
  • - I Western Dvina River in the RSFSR, the BSSR and the Latvian SSR. Length 1020 km, basin area 87 900 km2 ...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - Zapadnaya Dvina, a city, the center of the Zapadnodvinsky district of the Kalinin region of the RSFSR. Located on the right bank of the river. Western Dvina. Railway station, 321 km to the southwest. from Kalinin ...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - a city in the Russian Federation, Tver region, on the river. Zap. Dvina. Railroad station. 11.4 thousand inhabitants. Woodworking plant, flax mill ...
  • - river in Vost. Europe. It flows through the territory of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Latvia. 1020 km, basin area 87.9 thousand km & sup2 ...

    Big encyclopedic Dictionary

  • - Z "Western Dvin" ...

    Russian spelling dictionary

  • - ́ - the name of the river, then transferred also to the North. Dvina. Zap. called in Old Norse. Dýn, cf. Polish Dźwina, it. Düna, lit. Dauguvà, lts. Daugava; Wed still lit. daũg "many", as well as common Russian ...

    Etymological Dictionary Vasmera

  • - noun, number of synonyms: 1 river ...

    Synonym dictionary

  • - noun, number of synonyms: 3 city daugava river ...

    Synonym dictionary

"Western Dvina (river)" in books

Battles on the Dnieper - Western Dvina line

From the second book World War on the land. Reasons for defeat ground forces Germany the author Westphal Siegfried

Battles on the Dnieper - Western Dvina line Encircling the Russians in the Uman region In accordance with the directive, Army Group South on July 5 again launched an offensive on the Prut River - the middle reaches of the Dniester River - Zbruch River - Sluch River, having the task of quickly leaving the left flank

Northern flank: the offensive of the Stumme group on the cities of Andreapol and the Western Dvina August 29 - September 9

From the book The Collapse of the Barbarossa Plan. Volume II [Disrupted Blitzkrieg] author Glantz David M

Northern flank: the offensive of the Stumme group on the cities of Andreapol and Zapadnaya Dvina on August 29 - September 9 If Tymoshenko believed that on August 25 the situation along the right flank Western front stabilized, he was seriously mistaken. Even though the rear parts

25. Western Dvina

From the book Empire - II [with pictures] the author

25. Western Dvina Western Dvina, river - Duna (Scand. Duna), p. 35 (= (author)) Danube (scandal Danubis) (= (author)) Don -

From the book Reconstruction of World History [text only] the author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

4.12.12. THE NEPRYADVA RIVER ON THE KULIKOVO FIELD AND THE OUTER RIVER IN MOSCOW ON THE KULISHKI FIELD. AND ALSO THE MOSCOW RIVER NEGLINKA The battle of Kulikovo took place on the river Nepryadva, p.76. This famous river is mentioned MANY TIMES in all the chronicles talking about the Battle of Kulikovo. River

1.13. Dnieper, Don, Danube, Europe, Egypt, Western Dvina

From the author's book

1.13. Dnieper, Don, Danube, Europe, Egypt, Western Dvina According to the Scandinavians, the DNEPR river = * = NEPR (Scandinavian NEPR), p. 35 = * = DANPR (Scandinavian DANPR), p. 212. River DON = * = TANAIS, p. 32 = * = TANAKVISL, p. 40, 111 = DANUBE = * = DANUBIS (Scandinavian DANUBIUS), p. 222 = * = DUN (Scandinavian DUN)

The Mecha River on the Kulikovo field and the Moskva River, or the Mocha River is a tributary of the Moskva River

From the book New Chronology and Concept ancient history Russia, England and Rome the author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

The Mecha River on the Kulikovo field and the Moskva River, or the Mocha River is a tributary of the Moskva River According to the chronicle, the Battle of Kulikovo continued throughout the day, after which Mamai's troops fled and were pressed against the Mecha River (PSRL, vol. 37, p. 76 ), "Where many Tatars drowned." And Mamai himself escaped with

2.13. The Mecha River on the Kulikovo Field and the Moskva River, or the Mocha River is a tributary of the Moskva River

From the author's book

2.13. The Mecha River on the Kulikovo field and the Moskva River, or the Mocha River is a tributary of the Moskva River. According to the chronicle, the Battle of Kulikovo lasted for a day, after which Mamai's troops fled and were pressed against the Mecha River, "where many Tatars drowned." Asam Mamai escaped with a few

Struggle on the Dnieper - Western Dvina line. Encircling enemy troops in the Uman area

From the book The Protracted Blitzkrieg. Why Germany lost the war the author Westphal Siegfried

Struggle on the Dnieper - Western Dvina line. Encirclement of enemy forces in the Uman region In accordance with the directive on the conduct of operations, Army Group South on July 5 again launched an offensive from the line: the Prut River, the middle reaches of the Dniester, Zbruch and Sluch rivers. The troops had a task

Appendix 2 The leadership of the Western and Central Fronts, armies, corps and divisions that took part in the battles on the Western Dvina and Dnieper rivers in July - August 1941

From the book Agony 1941 [Bloody Roads of Retreat] the author Irinarkhov Ruslan Sergeevich

Appendix 2 The leadership of the Western and Central Fronts, armies, corps and divisions that took part in the battles on the Western Dvina and Dnieper rivers in July - August 1941 Western Front Commander - Marshal Soviet Union Timoshenko S.K. Chief of Staff -

The breakthrough of the German defense by the troops of the 1st Baltic Front northwest of Vitebsk and the crossing of the Western Dvina River

From the book "Operation Bagration" the author Goncharov Vladislav Lvovich

The breakthrough of the German defense by the troops of the 1st Baltic Front north-west of Vitebsk and the crossing of the Western Dvina River Combat operations of reconnaissance detachments

13. Dnieper Don Danube Europe Egypt Western Dvina

From the book Book 2. The flourishing of the kingdom [Empire. Where Marco Polo actually traveled. Who are the Italian Etruscans. Ancient Egypt... Scandinavia. Rus-Horde n the author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

13. Dnieper Don Danube Europe Egypt Western Dvina According to the Scandinavians, the Dnieper river = * = NEPR (Scandinavian NEPR), p. 35 = * = DANPR (Scandinavian DANPR), p. 212. River DON = * = TANAIS, p. 32 = * = TANAKVISL, p. 40, 111 = DANUBE = * = DANUBIS (Scandinavian DANUBIUS), p. 222 = * = DUN

Western Dvina (a city in the Kalinin region)

TSB

Western Dvina (river)

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(FOR) the author TSB

Dvina West

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (DV) of the author TSB

Western Dvina Moat with river water

From the book Other 1941 [From the border to Leningrad] the author Isaev Alexey Valerievich

Western Dvina Moat with river water Dvinsk (Daugavpils). About the key meaning of this or that settlement can often be judged by the presence of an old fortress in it or in its immediate vicinity. The Dvina fortress began to be built in early XIX centuries and kept