Countries that are armed with Russian aircraft. The military power of modern Russia. Aviation. History of the Air Force of the Russian Air Force
Modern Air Force Russian Federation are traditionally the most mobile and maneuverable branch of the Armed Forces. The equipment and other means in service with the Air Force are intended, first of all, to repel aggression in the aerospace sphere and protect the administrative and industrial and economic centers of the country, groupings of troops and important objects from enemy attacks; to ensure the actions of the Ground Forces and the Navy; strikes against enemy groupings in the sky, on land and at sea, as well as against its administrative-political and military-economic centers.
The existing Air Forces, in terms of their organizational and staffing structure, date back to 2008, when the country began to form a new look for the Russian Armed Forces. Then the Air Force and Air Defense Commands were formed, subordinate to the newly created operational-strategic commands: Western, Southern, Central and Eastern. The Air Force High Command was assigned the tasks of planning and organizing combat training, the long-term development of the Air Force, as well as training the leadership of the control bodies. In 2009-2010, a transition was made to a two-level air force command and control system, as a result of which the number of formations was reduced from 8 to 6, and air defense formations were reorganized into 11 aerospace defense brigades. Air regiments were consolidated into air bases with a total of about 70, including 25 air bases for tactical (front-line) aviation, of which 14 are purely fighter.
In 2014, the reform of the Air Force structure continued: air defense forces and assets were concentrated in air defense divisions, and aviation began to form aviation divisions and regiments. An air force and air defense army is being created as part of the joint strategic command "North".
The most fundamental transformation is expected in 2015: the creation of a new type - Aerospace Forces based on the integration of forces and means of the Air Force (aviation and air defense) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (space forces, air defense and missile defense).
Simultaneously with the reorganization, an active renewal of the aircraft fleet is taking place. The planes and helicopters of previous generations were replaced by their new modifications, as well as promising machines with wider combat capabilities and flight performance. Current development work was continued and new development work was started on advanced aviation systems. Active development of unmanned aircraft began.
The modern air fleet of the Russian Air Force is second only to the US Air Force in its numbers. True, its exact quantitative composition has not been officially published, but on the basis of open sources, quite adequate calculations can be made. As for the renewal of the air fleet, according to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense for VVSI.Klimov, the Russian Air Force in 2015 alone, in accordance with the state defense order, will receive more than 150 new aircraft and helicopters. These include the latest aircraft Su-30SM, Su-30M2, MiG-29 SMT, Su-34, Su-35S, Yak-130, Il-76MD-90A, as well as helicopters Ka-52, Mi -28 N, Mi-8 AMTSh/MTV-5-1, Mi-8 MTPR, Mi-35 M, Mi-26, Ka-226 and Ansat-U. It is also known from the words of the former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force, Colonel-General A. Zelin, that as of November 2010, the total number of Air Force personnel was about 170 thousand people (including 40 thousand officers).
All aviation of the Russian Air Force as a branch of service is divided into:
- Long-range (strategic) aviation,
- Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation,
- military transport aviation,
- Army aviation.
In addition, the Air Force includes such types of troops as anti-aircraft rocket troops, radio engineering troops, special troops, as well as units and institutions of the rear (all of them will not be considered in this material).
In turn, aviation by birth is divided into:
- bomber aircraft,
- assault aircraft,
- fighter aircraft,
- reconnaissance aircraft,
- transport aviation,
- special aviation.
All types are discussed below. aircraft as part of the Air Force of the Russian Federation, as well as promising machines. The first part of the article covers long-range (strategic) and operational-tactical (front-line) aviation, the second part - military transport, reconnaissance, special and army aviation.
Long-range (strategic) aviation
Long-range aviation is the means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Russia and is designed to solve strategic, operational-strategic and operational tasks in theaters of military operations (strategic directions). Long-range aviation is also a component of the triad of strategic nuclear forces.
The main tasks performed in Peaceful time- deterrence (including nuclear) potential adversaries; in the event of a war - the maximum reduction in the military-economic potential of the enemy by destroying his important military facilities and violating state and military control.
Main promising areas development of long-range aviation are to maintain and increase the operational capabilities to fulfill the tasks set as part of the strategic deterrence forces and general-purpose forces through the modernization of aircraft with the extension of their service life, the purchase of new aircraft (Tu-160 M), as well as the creation of a promising long-range aviation complex aviation PAK-DA.
The main weapons of long-range aircraft are guided missiles, both in nuclear and conventional equipment:
- Kh-55SM long-range strategic cruise missiles;
- aeroballistic hypersonic missiles X-15 C;
- operational-tactical cruise missiles X-22.
As well as free-falling bombs of various calibers, including those in nuclear weapons, one-time bomb clusters, and sea mines.
In the future, it is planned to introduce high-precision cruise missiles of the new generation X-555 and X-101 with a significantly increased range and accuracy into the armament of long-range aviation aircraft.
The basis of the modern fleet of long-range aviation of the Russian Air Force is bombers-missile carriers:
- strategic missile carriers Tu-160-16 units. Until 2020, it is possible to supply about 50 modernized Tu-160 M2 machines.
- Tu-95MS strategic missile carriers - 38 units, and about 60 more are in storage. Since 2013, these aircraft have been upgraded to the level of Tu-95 MSM in order to extend their service life.
- Tu-22M3 long-range missile bombers - about 40 units, and another 109 in reserve. Since 2012, 30 aircraft have been upgraded to the level of Tu-22 M3 M.
The long-range aviation also includes Il-78 tanker aircraft and Tu-22MR reconnaissance aircraft.
Tu‑160
Work on a new multi-mode strategic intercontinental bomber began in the USSR in 1967. Having tried a variety of layout options, the designers eventually came up with the design of an integral low-wing with variable sweep wing with four engines installed in pairs in engine nacelles under the fuselage.
In 1984 Tu-160 was launched in mass production at the Kazan Aviation Plant. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, 35 aircraft were produced (of which 8 prototypes), by 1994, KAPO transferred six more Tu-160 bombers to the Russian Air Force, which were deployed near Engels in Saratov region. In 2009, 3 new aircraft were built and put into service, by 2015 their number is 16 units.
In 2002, the Ministry of Defense entered into an agreement with KAPO for the modernization of the Tu-160 in order to gradually repair and modernize all bombers of this type in service. According to the latest data, by 2020, 10 Tu-160M modification aircraft will be put into service with the Russian Air Force. conventional bomb weapons. In view of the need to replenish the fleet of long-range aviation in April 2015, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu instructed to consider the issue of resuming production of the Tu-160 M. In May of the same year Supreme Commander Vladimir Putin officially instructed to resume the production of improved Tu-160 M2.
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Main characteristics of Tu-160 |
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4 people |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
4 × turbofan NK-32 |
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Thrust maximum |
4 × 18,000 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
4 × 25,000 kgf |
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2230 km/h (M=1.87) |
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Cruising speed |
917 km/h (M=0.77) |
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Maximum range without refueling |
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Range with combat load |
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Combat radius |
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Flight duration |
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practical ceiling |
about 22000 m |
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rate of climb |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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Strategic cruise missiles X‑55 SM/X‑101 |
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Tactical aeroballistic missiles Kh-15 S |
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Free-falling aviation bombs of caliber up to 4000 kg, cluster bombs, mines. |
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Tu‑95MS
The creation of the aircraft was started by the design bureau headed by Andrey Tupolev in the distant 1950s. At the end of 1951, the developed project was approved, and then the layout built by that time was approved and approved. The construction of the first two aircraft began at the Moscow Aviation Plant No. 156, and already in the fall of 1952, the prototype made its first flight.
In 1956, the aircraft, which received the official designation Tu-95, began to arrive in the long-range aviation unit. Subsequently, various modifications were developed, including carriers of anti-ship missiles.
In the late 1970s, a completely new modification of the bomber was created, which received the designation Tu-95MS. The new aircraft in 1981 was put into serial production at the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant, which continued until 1992 (about 100 aircraft were produced).
Now, as part of the Air Force of the Russian Federation, the 37th air army strategic aviation, consisting of two divisions, which includes two regiments on the Tu-95 MS-16 (Amur and Saratov regions) - a total of 38 aircraft. About 60 more units are in storage.
Due to the obsolescence of equipment, since 2013, the modernization of aircraft in service to the level of Tu-95 MSM began, the service life of which will last until 2025. They will be equipped with new electronics, a sighting and navigation system, a satellite navigation system, and it will be possible to carry new Kh-101 strategic cruise missiles.
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Main characteristics of Tu-95MS |
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7 people |
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Wingspan: |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
4 × TVD NK-12 MP |
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Power |
4 × 15,000 l. With. |
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Maximum speed at altitude |
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Cruising speed |
about 700 km/h |
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Maximum range |
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Practical range |
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Combat radius |
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practical ceiling |
about 11000 m |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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built-in Strategic cruise missiles X‑55 SM/X‑101–6 or 16 Free-falling bombs of caliber up to 9000 kg, bomb clusters, mines. |
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Tu‑22M3
The Tu-22 M3 long-range supersonic bomber with variable wing geometry is designed to conduct combat operations in the operational zones of land and sea theaters of war day and night in simple and adverse weather conditions. It is capable of delivering Kh-22 cruise missile strikes against naval targets, Kh-15 supersonic aeroballistic missiles against land targets, as well as precision bombing. Named "Backfire" in the west.
In total, 268 Tu-22 M3 bombers were built at the Kazan Aviation Production Association until 1993.
Currently, about 40 Tu-22M3 units are in service, and another 109 are in reserve. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade about 30 vehicles at KAPO to the level of Tu-22 M3 M (the modification was put into service in 2014). They will install new electronics, expand the range of weapons through the introduction of the latest precision-guided munitions, and extend their service life to 40 years.
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Main characteristics of Tu‑22M3 |
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4 people |
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Wingspan: At the minimum sweep angle At maximum sweep angle |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × TRDDF NK-25 |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 14 500 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 25,000 kgf |
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Maximum speed at altitude |
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Cruising speed |
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Range of flight |
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Combat radius with a load of 12 t |
1500…2400 km |
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practical ceiling |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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built-in 23 mm defensive installation with guns GSh-23 |
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X-22 anti-ship cruise missiles |
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Tactical aeroballistic missiles Kh-15 S. |
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Promising developments
PAK YES
In 2008, R&D funding was opened in Russia to create a promising long-range aviation complex PAK DA. The program provides for the development of a fifth-generation long-range bomber to replace aircraft in service with the Russian Air Force. The fact that the Russian Air Force formulated the tactical and technical requirements for the PAK DA program and preparations for the participation of design bureaus in the development competition was announced back in 2007. According to I. Shevchuk, Director General of JSC Tupolev, the contract under the PAK DA program was won by Tupolev Design Bureau. In 2011, it was reported that a preliminary design of the avionics integration complex of a promising complex had been developed, and the long-range aviation command of the Russian Air Force issued a tactical and technical assignment for the creation of a promising bomber. It was announced plans to build 100 vehicles, which they expect to be put into service before 2027.
Most likely, advanced hypersonic missiles, long-range cruise missiles of the X-101 type, short-range precision missiles and guided bombs, as well as free-fall bombs, will most likely be used as weapons. It was stated that some of the missiles had already been developed by the Tactical Missiles Corporation. It is possible that the aircraft will also be used as an air carrier for an operational-strategic reconnaissance and strike complex. It is possible that for self-defense, in addition to the electronic warfare complex, the bomber will be armed with air-to-air missiles.
Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation
Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation is designed to solve operational, operational-tactical and tactical tasks in operations (combat actions) of groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations (strategic directions).
Bomber aviation, which is part of front-line aviation, is the main strike weapon of the Air Force, mainly in operational and operational-tactical depths.
Assault aviation is intended primarily for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects, mainly on cutting edge, in the tactical and nearest operational depth of the enemy. In addition, it can also fight enemy aircraft in the air.
The main promising areas for the development of bombers and attack aircraft of tactical aviation are maintaining and building up capabilities in the framework of solving operational, operational-tactical and tactical tasks during combat operations in the theater by supplying new ones (Su-34) and upgrading existing ones (Su-25SM ) aircraft.
Bombers and ground attack aircraft are armed with air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, unguided missiles different types, aviation bombs, including corrected ones, cluster bombs, aircraft cannons.
Fighter aviation is represented by multi-role and front-line fighters, as well as fighter-interceptors. Its purpose is to destroy enemy aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles in the air, as well as ground and sea targets.
The task of air defense fighter aviation is to cover the most important directions and individual objects from an enemy air attack by destroying his aircraft at maximum ranges with the help of interceptors. Air defense aviation is also armed with combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.
The main promising areas for the development of fighter aviation are maintaining and increasing the capabilities to fulfill the tasks set through the modernization of existing aircraft, the purchase of new aircraft (Su-30, Su-35), as well as the creation of a promising PAK-FA aviation complex, which has been tested since 2010 of the year and, possibly, a promising long-range interceptor.
The main armament of fighter aircraft is air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles of various ranges, as well as free-fall and corrected bombs, unguided rockets, cluster bombs, and aircraft guns. A promising missile weapons.
The modern aircraft fleet of attack and front-line bomber aviation includes the following types of aircraft:
- attack aircraft Su-25-200 units, including Su-25UB, about 100 more are in storage. Despite the fact that these aircraft were put into service in the USSR, their combat potential, taking into account modernization, remains quite high. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade about 80 attack aircraft to the level of the Su-25SM.
- front-line bombers Su-24M - 21 units. These aircraft are Soviet-made already outdated and actively decommissioned. In 2020, it is planned to dispose of all the Su-24M in service.
- fighter-bombers Su-34-69 units. The latest multi-purpose aircraft that replace obsolete Su-24M bombers in the units. The total number of ordered Su-34s is 124 units, which will enter service in the near future.
Su-25
Su-25 is an armored subsonic attack aircraft designed for close support of ground forces over the battlefield. It is capable of destroying point and area targets on the ground day and night under any weather conditions. We can say that this is the best aircraft of its class in the world, tested in real combat operations. In the army, the Su-25 received the unofficial nickname "Rook", in the west - the designation "Frogfoot".
Serial production was carried out at aircraft factories in Tbilisi and Ulan-Ude (1320 aircraft of all modifications were produced for the entire time, including for export).
The vehicles were produced in various modifications, including the combat training Su-25UB and the carrier-based Su-25UTD for the Navy. Currently, the Russian Air Force has about 200 Su-25 aircraft of various modifications, which are in service with 6 combat and several training aviation regiments. About 100 more old cars are in storage.
In 2009, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced the resumption of purchases of Su-25 attack aircraft for the Air Force. At the same time, a program was adopted to upgrade 80 vehicles to the level of the Su-25SM. The latest electronics are installed on them, including the sighting system, multifunctional indicators, new electronic warfare equipment, and the Spear outboard radar. The new Su-25UBM aircraft, which will have equipment similar to the Su-25 SM, has been adopted as a combat training aircraft.
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The main characteristics of the Su-25 |
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1 person |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × TRD R-95Sh |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 4100 kgf |
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Max Speed |
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Cruising speed |
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Practical range with combat load |
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ferry range |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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built-in 30 mm double-barreled gun GSh‑30–2 (250 rounds) On external suspension Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 ML, Kh‑25 MLP, S‑25 L, Kh‑29 L Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, RBC‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, FAB‑100, KMGU‑2 containers Shooting-cannon containers - SPPU-22-1 (23-mm cannon GSh-23) |
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Su-24M
The Su-24M variable-sweep wing front-line bomber is designed to deliver missile and bomb strikes in the operational and operational-tactical depths of the enemy day and night in simple and adverse weather conditions, including at low altitudes, with targeted destruction of ground and surface targets with guided and unguided munitions. In the west received the designation "Fencer"
Serial production was carried out at NAPO named after Chkalov in Novosibirsk (with the participation of KNAAPO) until 1993, about 1200 vehicles were built various modifications, including for export.
At the turn of the century due to obsolescence aviation technology in Russia, a program was launched to modernize front-line bombers to the level of the Su-24 M2. In 2007, the first two Su-24 M2s were transferred to the Lipetsk Center combat use. The delivery of other vehicles to the Russian Air Force was completed in 2009.
Currently, the Russian Air Force has 21 Su-24M aircraft of several modifications, but as the newest Su-34s and Su-24s enter service, they are removed from service and disposed of (by 2015, 103 aircraft were disposed of). By 2020, they should be completely withdrawn from the Air Force.
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The main characteristics of the Su-24M |
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2 persons |
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Wingspan At maximum sweep angle At the minimum sweep angle |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × turbofan AL-21 F-3 |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 7800 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 11200 kgf |
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Maximum speed at altitude |
1700 km/h (M=1.35) |
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Maximum speed at 200 m |
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ferry range |
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Combat radius |
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practical ceiling |
about 11500 m |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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built-in 23 mm 6-barrel gun GSh‑6–23 (500 rounds) On external suspension: Guided air-to-air missiles - R-60 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 ML/MR, Kh‑23, Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑59, S‑25 L, Kh‑58 Unguided rockets - 57 mm S-5, 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13, 240 mm S-24, 266 mm S-25 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑1500, KAB‑1500 L/TK, KAB‑500 L/KR, ZB‑500, FAB‑500, RBC‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, OFAB‑100, KMGU‑2 containers Shooting-cannon containers - SPPU-6 (23-mm cannon GSh-6-23) |
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Su-34
The Su-34 multifunctional fighter-bomber is the latest aircraft of this class in Russian Air Force and belongs to the generation of aircraft "4+". At the same time, it is positioned as a front-line bomber, as it should replace obsolete Su-24M aircraft in the troops. It is intended for delivering high-precision missile and bomb strikes, including using nuclear weapons, on ground (surface) targets at any time of the day in any weather conditions. In the west it has the designation "Fullback".
By the middle of 2015, 69 Su-34 aircraft (including 8 prototypes) out of 124 ordered were delivered to combat units.
In the future, the Russian Air Force plans to supply approximately 150-200 new aircraft and by 2020 completely replace the obsolete Su-24s with them. Thus, now the Su-34 is the main strike aircraft of our Air Force, capable of using the entire range of high-precision air-to-surface weapons.
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The main characteristics of the Su-34 |
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2 persons |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × TRDDF AL-31 F-M1 |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 8250 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 13500 kgf |
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Maximum speed at altitude |
1900 km/h (M=1.8) |
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Maximum ground speed |
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ferry range |
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Combat radius |
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practical ceiling |
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Armament: |
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Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 On the external sling - all types of modern air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles, unguided rockets, aerial bombs, bomb clusters |
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The modern aircraft fleet of fighter aviation consists of the following types of aircraft:
- MiG-29 front-line fighters of various modifications - 184 units. In addition to modifications of the MiG-29 S, MiG-29 M and MiG-29UB, the latest versions of the MiG-29 SMT and MiG-29UBT were put into service (28 and 6 units as of 2013). At the same time, there are no plans to upgrade old-built aircraft. On the basis of the MiG-29, a promising multi-role fighter MiG-35 was created, but the signing of a contract for its production was postponed in favor of the MiG-29 SMT.
- Su-27 front-line fighters of various modifications - 360 units, including 52 Su-27UB. Since 2010, there has been a re-equipment with new modifications of the Su-27SM and Su-27SM3, of which 82 units have been delivered.
- Su-35 S front-line fighters - 34 units. According to the contract, by 2015 it is planned to complete the delivery of a series of 48 aircraft of this type.
- Su-30 multirole fighters of various modifications - 51 units, including 16 Su-30 M2 and 32 Su-30 SM. At the same time, the delivery of the second series of Su-30SM is currently underway, until 2016 30 units should be delivered.
- fighter-interceptors MiG-31 of several modifications - 252 units. It is known that since 2014 the MiG-31BS aircraft have been upgraded to the MiG-31 BSM level, another 60 MiG-31 B aircraft are planned to be upgraded to the MiG-31 BM level by 2020.
MiG-29
The fourth-generation light front-line fighter MiG-29 was developed back in the USSR and has been mass-produced since 1983. In fact, he was one of best fighters of its class in the world and, having a very successful design, was repeatedly modernized and, in the form of the latest modifications as part of the Russian Air Force, entered the 21st century as a multi-purpose aircraft. It was originally intended to gain air superiority at tactical depth. Known in the west as "Fulcrum".
By the time of the collapse of the USSR, factories in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod had produced about 1,400 vehicles of various options. Now the MiG-29 in different versions is in service with the armies of more than two dozen countries of near and far abroad, where he managed to take part in local wars and armed conflicts.
Now the Russian Air Force is armed with 184 MiG-29 fighters of the following modifications:
- MiG-29 S - had an increased combat load compared to the MiG-29, was equipped with new weapons;
- MiG-29M - a multi-role fighter of the "4+" generation, had an increased range and combat load, was equipped with new weapons;
- MiG-29UB - two-seat combat training version without radar;
- MiG-29 SMT is the latest upgraded version with the ability to use high-precision air-to-surface weapons, increased flight range, the latest electronics (first flight in 1997, put into service in 2004, 28 units were delivered by 2013), weapons are placed on six underwing and one ventral external suspension units, there is a built-in 30 mm gun;
- MiG-29UBT - combat training version of the MiG-29 SMT (supplied 6 units).
For the most part, all MiG-29 aircraft of the old production were physically obsolete and it was decided not to repair or modernize them, but to purchase new equipment instead - MiG-29 SMT (in 2014 a contract was signed for the supply of 16 aircraft) and MiG-29UBT, and also promising MiG-35 fighters.
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The main characteristics of the MiG‑29 SMT |
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1 person |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × turbofan RD‑33 |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 5040 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 8300 kgf |
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Maximum ground speed |
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Cruising speed |
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Practical range |
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Practical range with PTB |
2800…3500 km |
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practical ceiling |
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Armament: |
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On external suspension: Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑35 Containers KMGU‑2 |
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MiG‑35
The new Russian multirole fighter of the 4++ generation MiG-35 is a deep modernization of the MiG-29M series aircraft developed by the MiG Design Bureau. By design, it is maximally unified with early production aircraft, but at the same time it has an increased combat load and flight range, reduced radar visibility, is equipped with an active phased array radar, the latest electronics, an on-board electronic warfare system, has an open avionics architecture, and the ability to refuel in the air. The two-seat modification is designated MiG‑35 D.
The MiG-35 is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack assets, strike ground (surface) targets with high-precision weapons without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather conditions, as well as conduct aerial reconnaissance using airborne assets.
The issue of equipping the Russian Air Force with MiG-35 aircraft remains open until the contract with the Ministry of Defense is signed.
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The main characteristics of the MiG‑35 |
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1 - 2 persons |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × TRDDF RD‑33 MK/MKV |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 5400 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 9000 kgf |
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Max speed at high altitude |
2400 km/h (M=2.25) |
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Maximum ground speed |
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Cruising speed |
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Practical range |
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Practical range with PTB |
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Combat radius |
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Flight duration |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
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Armament: |
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Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) On external suspension: Air-to-air guided missiles - R-73, R-27 R/T, R-27ET/ER, R-77 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 ML/MR, Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑35 Unguided rockets - 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13, 240 mm S-24 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, KAB‑500 L / KR, ZB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, OFAB‑100 |
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Su-27
The Su-27 front-line fighter is a fourth-generation aircraft developed in the USSR at the Sukhoi Design Bureau in the early 1980s. It was intended to gain air superiority and was at one time one of the best fighters in its class. The latest modifications of the Su-27 continue to be in service with the Russian Air Force, in addition, as a result of the deep modernization of the Su-27, new types of 4+ generation fighters have been developed. Along with the light front-line fighter of the fourth generation, the MiG-29 was one of the best aircraft in its class in the world. According to Western classification, it has the name "Flanker".
At present, the Air Force combat units include 226 Su-27 and 52 Su-27UB fighters of the old production. Since 2010, the rearmament to the upgraded version of the Su-27SM began (first flight in 2002). Now 70 such machines have been delivered to the troops. In addition, fighters of the Su-27SM3 modification (12 units were produced) are supplied, which differ from the previous version in the AL-31 F-M1 engines (afterburner thrust 13,500 kgf), a reinforced airframe structure and additional weapon suspension points.
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The main characteristics of the Su-27 SM |
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1 person |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × turbofan AL‑31F |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 7600 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 12500 kgf |
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Maximum speed at high altitude |
2500 km/h (M=2.35) |
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Maximum ground speed |
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Practical range |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
over 330 m/s |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, KAB‑500 L / KR, ZB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, OFAB‑100 |
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Su-30
The heavy two-seat multi-role fighter Su-30 of the 4+ generation was created at the Sukhoi Design Bureau on the basis of the Su-27UB combat training aircraft through a deep modernization. The main purpose is to control group combat operations of fighters in solving the tasks of gaining air supremacy, to ensure the combat operations of other types of aviation, to cover ground troops and objects, to destroy airborne assault forces, as well as to conduct aerial reconnaissance and destroy ground (surface) targets. The features of the Su-30 were the long range and duration of flights and effective management fighter group. The aircraft's western designation is "Flanker-C".
The Russian Air Force currently has 3 Su-30s, 16 Su-30 M2s (all manufactured by KNAAPO) and 32 Su-30 SMs (manufactured by the Irkut plant). The last two modifications are supplied in accordance with contracts dated 2012, when two batches of 30 Su-30SM units (until 2016) and 16 Su-30M2 units were ordered.
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The main characteristics of the Su-30 SM |
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2 persons |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × turbofan AL‑31FP |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 7700 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 12500 kgf |
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Maximum speed at high altitude |
2125 km/h (M=2) |
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Maximum ground speed |
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Flight range without refueling near the ground |
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Flight range without refueling at altitude |
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Combat radius |
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Flight duration without refueling |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) On an external sling: Guided air-to-air missiles - R-73, R-27 R/T, R-27ET/ER, R-77 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 M Unguided rockets - 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, KAB‑500 L / KR, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, KMGU |
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Su-35
The Su-35 multipurpose super-maneuverable fighter belongs to the 4++ generation and is equipped with thrust vector control engines. Developed at the Sukhoi Design Bureau, this aircraft is close in its characteristics to fifth-generation fighters. The Su-35 is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack weapons, strike ground (surface) targets with precision weapons without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather.
conditions, as well as conducting aerial reconnaissance using airborne means. In the west, it has the designation "Flanker-E +".
In 2009, a contract was signed for the supply of the Russian Air Force with 48 newest serial fighters Su-35C in the period 2012-2015, of which 34 units are already in the army. It is planned to conclude another contract for the supply of these aircraft in 2015-2020.
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The main characteristics of the Su-35 |
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1 person |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
|
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Empty weight |
|
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Normal takeoff weight |
|
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Maximum takeoff weight |
|
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Engines |
2 × TRDDF with OVT AL‑41F1S |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 8800 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 14500 kgf |
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Maximum speed at high altitude |
2500 km/h (M=2.25) |
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Maximum ground speed |
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ground flight range |
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Flight range at altitude |
3600…4500 km |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) On external suspension: Air-to-air guided missiles - R-73, R-27 R/T, R-27ET/ER, R-77 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 T/L, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 M, advanced long-range missiles Unguided rockets - 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13, 266 mm S-25 Air bombs, cassettes - KAB‑500 L/KR, FAB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, KMGU |
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MiG‑31
The MiG-31 long-range supersonic all-weather fighter-interceptor was developed in the USSR at the Mikoyan Design Bureau in the 1970s. At that time it was the first aircraft of the fourth generation. It was designed to intercept and destroy air targets at all altitudes - from the lowest to the highest, day and night, in any weather conditions, in a difficult jamming environment. In fact, the main task of the MiG-31 was to intercept cruise missiles in the entire range of altitudes and speeds, as well as low-flying satellites. The fastest combat aircraft. The modern MiG-31 BM has an airborne radar with unique characteristics not yet available to other foreign aircraft. According to Western classification, it has the designation "Foxhound".
The MiG-31 fighter-interceptors (252 units) now in service with the Russian Air Force have several modifications:
- MiG‑31 B - serial modification with aerial refueling system (adopted in 1990)
- MiG-31 BS is a variant of the basic MiG-31, upgraded to the level of the MiG-31 B, but without aerial refueling.
- The MiG-31 BM is a modernized version with the Zaslon-M radar (developed in 1998), which has a range increased to 320 km, equipped with the latest electronic systems, including satellite navigation, capable of using air-to-surface guided missiles. Until 2020, it is planned to upgrade 60 MiG-31Bs to the level of the MiG-31BM. The second stage of state testing of the aircraft was completed in 2012.
- MiG-31 BSM - an upgraded version of the MiG-31 BS with the Zaslon-M radar and related electronics. Modernization of combat aircraft has been underway since 2014.
Thus, the Russian Air Force will have 60 MiG-31 BM and 30-40 MiG-31 BSM aircraft in service, and approximately 150 older aircraft will be decommissioned. It is possible that in the future there will be a new interceptor, known under the code name MiG-41.
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The main characteristics of the MiG‑31 BM |
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2 persons |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × turbofan D-30 F6 |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 9500 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 15500 kgf |
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Maximum speed at high altitude |
3000 km/h (M=2.82) |
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Maximum ground speed |
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Cruise speed subsonic |
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Cruise speed supersonic |
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Practical range |
1450…3000 km |
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Range at high altitude with one refueling |
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Combat radius |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
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Take-off / run length |
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Armament: |
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Built-in: 23 mm 6-barrel gun GSh‑23–6 (260 rounds) On external suspension: Guided air-to-air missiles - R-60 M, R-73, R-77, R-40, R-33 C, R-37 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 MPU, Kh‑29 T/L, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 M Air bombs, cassettes - KAB‑500 L/KR, FAB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250 |
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Promising developments
PAK-FA
A promising front-line aviation complex - PAK FA - includes a fifth-generation multi-role fighter developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau under the designation T-50. In terms of the totality of characteristics, it will have to surpass all foreign analogues and in the near future, after being put into service, it will become the main aircraft of the Russian Air Force front-line fighter aviation.
PAK FA is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack weapons in all altitude ranges, as well as strike ground (surface) targets with high-precision weapons without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather conditions, can be used for air reconnaissance using onboard equipment. The aircraft fully meets all the requirements for fifth-generation fighters: stealth, supersonic cruising speed, high maneuverability with high g-forces, advanced electronics, multifunctionality.
According to plans, serial production of the T-50 aircraft for the Russian Air Force should begin in 2016, and by 2020 the first aviation units equipped with it will appear in Russia. It is also known that production for export is also possible. In particular, an export modification is being created jointly with India, which received the designation FGFA (Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft).
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Main characteristics (estimated) PAK-FA |
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1 person |
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Wingspan |
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Wing area |
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Empty weight |
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Normal takeoff weight |
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Maximum takeoff weight |
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Engines |
2 × TRDDF with UVT AL‑41F1 |
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Thrust maximum |
2 × 8800 kgf |
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Afterburner thrust |
2 × 15000 kgf |
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Maximum speed at high altitude |
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Cruising speed |
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Practical range at subsonic speed |
2700…4300 km |
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Practical range with PTB |
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Practical range at supersonic speed |
1200…2000 km |
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Flight duration |
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practical ceiling |
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rate of climb |
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Armament: |
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Built-in - 30 mm gun 9 A1-4071 K (260 cartridges) On the internal suspension - all types of modern and promising air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles, aerial bombs, bomb clusters |
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PAK-DP (MiG‑41)
Some sources report that at present the MiG Design Bureau, together with the design bureau of the Sokol aircraft plant ( Nizhny Novgorod) are developing a long-range high-speed interceptor fighter with the code name "promising long-range interception aviation complex" - PAK DP, also known as the MiG-41. It was stated that the development was started in 2013 on the basis of the MiG-31 fighter by order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces. Perhaps, this refers to the deep modernization of the MiG-31, the study of which was carried out earlier, but was not implemented. It was also reported that a promising interceptor is planned to be developed as part of the arms program until 2020 and put into service until 2028.
In 2014, the media reported that the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force, V. Bondarev, said that now only research work is underway, and in 2017 it is planned to begin development work to create a promising long-range aircraft interception complex.
(continued in the next issue)
Summary table of the quantitative composition of aircraft
Air Force of the Russian Federation (2014–2015)*
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aircraft type |
Quantity |
Scheduled |
Scheduled |
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Bomber aviation as part of long-range aviation |
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Strategic missile carriers Tu-160 |
|||
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Strategic missile carriers Tu-95MS |
|||
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Long Tu-22M3 bomber bombers |
|||
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Bomber and assault aviation as part of front-line aviation |
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Attack aircraft Su-25 |
|||
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Su-24M front-line bombers |
|||
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Su-34 fighter-bombers |
124 (total) |
||
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Fighter aviation as part of front-line aviation |
|||
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Front-line fighters MiG-29, MiG-29SMT |
|||
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Front-line fighters Su-27, Su-27SM |
|||
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Front-line fighters Su-35S |
|||
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Multipurpose fighters Su-30, Su-30SM |
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Fighter-interceptors MiG-31, MiG-31BSM |
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Prospective aviation complex of front-line aviation - PAK FA |
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Military transport aviation |
|||
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An-22 transport aircraft |
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An-124 and An-124-100 transport aircraft |
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Transport aircraft Il-76M, Il-76MDM, Il-76MD-90A |
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An-12 transport aircraft |
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An-72 transport aircraft |
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Transport aircraft An-26, An-24 |
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Transport and passenger aircraft Il-18, Tu-134, Il-62, Tu-154, An-148, An-140 |
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Promising military transport aircraft Il-112V |
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Promising military transport aircraft Il-214 |
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Army aviation helicopters |
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Multipurpose helicopters Mi-8M, Mi-8AMTSh, Mi-8AMT, Mi-8MTV |
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|
Transport and combat helicopters Mi-24V, Mi-24P, Mi-35 |
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|
Mi-28N attack helicopters |
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Attack helicopters Ka-50 |
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|
Attack helicopters Ka-52 |
146 (total) |
||
|
Transport helicopters Mi-26, Mi-26M |
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|
Promising multi-purpose helicopter Mi-38 |
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Reconnaissance and special aviation |
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Aircraft AWACS A-50, A-50U |
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RER and EW aircraft Il-20M |
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|
An-30 reconnaissance aircraft |
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|
Tu-214R reconnaissance aircraft |
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Tu-214ON reconnaissance aircraft |
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|
Air command posts IL-80 |
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|
Tanker aircraft Il-78, Il-78M |
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|
Promising aircraft AWACS A-100 |
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|
Prospective aircraft RER and EW A-90 |
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Tanker aircraft Il-96-400TZ |
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|
Unmanned aerial vehicles (transferred to the Ground Forces) |
|||
|
"Pchela-1T" |
|||
|
Russia's military-industrial complex is one of the most modern in the world, so Russia's military aviation is also one of the most modern on the planet. The Russian military-industrial complex is capable of producing almost any type of modern military aircraft, including fifth-generation fighters. Military aviation Russia consists of:
The main manufacturers of military aviation equipment in Russia are PJSC Sukhoi Company, JSC RAC MiG, the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after M. L. Mil, OJSC Kamov and others. You can see photos and descriptions of the products of some companies at the links: Let's look at each class of military aircraft with descriptions and photographs. Bombers of RussiaWhat is a bomber, Wikipedia will very accurately explain to us: A bomber is a military aircraft designed to destroy ground, underground, surface, underwater objects with bomb and / or missile weapons. . Russian long-range bombersLong-range bombers in Russia are developed and produced by the Tupolev Design Bureau. Long-range bomber Tu-160The Tu-160, unofficially called the White Swan, is the fastest and heaviest long-range bomber in the world. Tu-160 "White Swan" is capable of developing supersonic speed, not every fighter is able to keep up with him. Long-range bomber Tu-95Tu-95 is a veteran of Russian long-range aviation. Developed back in 1955, having gone through many upgrades, the Tu-95 is still Russia's main long-range bomber.  Long-range bomber Tu-22MTu-22M is another long-range bomber of the Russian Aerospace Forces. It has variable sweep wings, like the Tu-160, but its dimensions are smaller. Front-line bombers of RussiaFront-line bombers in Russia are developed and produced by PJSC Sukhoi Company. Front-line bomber Su-34The Su-34 is a 4++ generation combat aircraft, a fighter-bomber, although it would be more accurate to call it a front-line bomber.  Front-line bomber Su-24Su-24 is a front-line bomber, the development of which began in the USSR in the early 60s of the last century. Currently, he is being replaced by the Su-34.  Russian fightersFighters in Russia are developed and manufactured by two companies: PJSC Sukhoi Company and JSC RAC MiG. Su FightersPJSC "Company" Sukhoi "delivers to the troops such modern combat vehicles as the fifth generation fighter Su-50 (PAK FA), Su-35, front-line bomber Su-34, carrier-based fighter Su-33, Su-30, heavy fighter Su- 27, Su-25 attack aircraft, Su-24M3 front-line bomber. Fighter of the fifth generation PAK FA (T-50)PAK FA (T-50 or Su-50) is a fifth-generation fighter developed by Sukhoi Company PJSC for the Russian Aerospace Forces since 2002. As of the end of 2016, tests are being completed and the aircraft is being prepared for transfer to regular units. Photo by PAK FA (T-50). Su-35 is a 4++ generation fighter. Photo Su-35. Su-33 carrier-based fighterSu-33 is a 4++ generation carrier-based fighter. Several of these aircraft are in service with the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov. .jpg) Fighter Su-27Su-27 is the main combat fighter of the Russian Aerospace Forces. Based on it, the Su-34, Su-35, Su-33 and several other fighters were developed. Su-27 in flight MiG fightersJSC "RSK" MiG "" today supplies the troops with the MiG-31 fighter-interceptor and the MiG-29 fighter. Fighter-interceptor MiG-31The MiG-31 is a fighter-interceptor designed to perform tasks at any time of the day and in any weather. The MiG-31 is a very fast aircraft.  Fighter MiG-29MiG-29 - is one of the main combat fighters of the Russian Aerospace Forces. There is a deck version - MiG-29K.  StormtroopersThe only attack aircraft in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces is the Su-25 attack aircraft. Attack aircraft Su-25Su-25 - armored subsonic attack aircraft. The machine made its first flight in 1975 since then, having undergone many upgrades, it has been reliably fulfilling its tasks.  Russian military helicoptersHelicopters for the army are produced by the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after M.L. Mil and OJSC Kamov. Kamov helicoptersJSC "Kamov" specializes in the production of coaxial helicopters. Helicopter Ka-52The Ka-52 "Alligator" is a two-seat helicopter capable of performing both attack and reconnaissance functions. .jpg) Deck helicopter Ka-31The Ka-31 is a carrier-based helicopter equipped with a long-range radio detection and guidance system, which is in service with the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier. .jpg) Deck helicopter Ka-27Ka-27 - multipurpose helicopter carrier-based aviation. The main modifications are anti-submarine and rescue. Photo Ka-27PL Russian Navy Mil helicoptersMi helicopters are being developed by the Moscow Mil Helicopter Plant. Mi-28 helicopterMi-28 - attack helicopter used by the Russian army of Soviet design. .jpg) Mi-24 helicopterMi-24 is a world-famous attack helicopter, created in the 1970s in the USSR. .jpg) Mi-26 helicopterThe Mi-24 is a heavy transport helicopter, also developed back in Soviet times. On this moment is the largest helicopter in the world. .jpg)
The Air Force has long been the backbone of the armed forces of any army. Aircraft are becoming not just a means of delivering bombs and missiles to the enemy camp, modern aviation is multifunctional combat complexes with wings. The latest F-22 and F-35 fighters, as well as their modifications, have already been put into service with the US Army, and here we mean "army" as ground forces. This means that the infantry is now on a par with tanks and infantry fighting vehicles have fighters in their composition. This highlights the role of aviation in modern warfare. This shift towards multifunctionality made possible new developments in the field of aircraft construction and a change in the principles of war. A modern fighter can fight without approaching a target closer than 400 km, launch missiles at 30 targets and turn around and fly to the base at the same second. The case is of course a private one, but it describes the picture more than. Not exactly what we are used to seeing in Hollywood blockbusters in which, no matter how far you look into the future, fighters in the air and in space are fighting the classic "dog fights" of the Great Patriotic War. Some time ago, a couple of news sites were full of news that in the simulation of the battle of "drying" and F-22, domestic car came out victorious due to superiority in maneuverability, of course it was about superiority in close combat. All articles noted that in long-range combat, the Raptor is superior to the Su-35 due to more advanced weapons and guidance systems. What distinguishes 4 ++ and 5 generations.
Fifth generationFifth generation of fighters. We often hear this term in the news about modern weapons and at aviation shows. What is it? "Generation" is in general terms list of requirements that modern military doctrine to the war machine. The 5th generation vehicle should be stealthy, have supersonic cruising speed, advanced target detection systems and electronic warfare, but the most important thing is versatility. No wonder the projects have the word "complex" in their name. The ability to fight equally well in the air and hit ground targets largely determines the appearance of the fifth generation. These are the tasks that were set before the future designers of the new symbol of domestic aviation. The development of a new generation began in the USSR and the USA almost simultaneously, back in the 80s, and in the States in the 90s they already chose a prototype. Due to world-famous events Soviet program was in stagnation long years, this is the reason for the lag in our days. As you know, the 5th generation fighter F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning are already in service with the United States and a number of other countries. Remarkably, the Raptors have not yet been supplied even to the allies, having noticeable advantages over the Lightnings, the exclusive presence of the Raptors in the US Army makes their Air Force the most advanced in the world.
Su-47 Berkut
In Russia, the fifth generation has a long-suffering history. As you know, PAK FA, also known as the T-50, and more recently the Su-57, is not the first attempt to get an ultra-modern multi-role fighter into service. One of these attempts was the Su-47, also known as the Berkut. The test of a new aircraft with reverse swept wings took place back in the 90s. The car is very memorable and has been in sight and heard for a long time. "Reverse" wings partly played a cruel joke with him. This design brought the aircraft to new level maneuverability, however, to solve all the problems of a similar design of forces was not found, either in Russia or in the States, where in the 80s there was a project X-29, a fighter with a similar wing sweep. Also, this prototype did not meet all the requirements of the fifth generation, for example, it could overcome supersonic sound only in afterburner.
Su-57 (PAK FA)
PAK FA (Perspective Aviation Complex of Frontal Aviation) is a new Russian aircraft. Became the first successful attempt to bring to life the fifth generation of aircraft. At the moment, there is little information about its characteristics in the public domain. From the obvious, it has all the characteristics of the fifth generation, namely supersonic cruising speed, "stealth" technologies, active phased array antenna (AFAR) and so on. Outwardly, it looks like the F-22 Raptor. And now everyone who is not too lazy is already starting to compare these machines, no wonder, because the Su-57 will become the main “protagonist” in the fight against the Raptors and Lightnings. It is worth noting that in the new realities, the improvement of missiles will also occupy a special place, as already mentioned, entry into battle takes place at gigantic distances, so how much a fighter will be maneuverable and how well it feels in close combat is the tenth thing.
In developingAnother transition to the "five" is planned for another 4 ++ aircraft - MiG-35. Sketches of the "face" of the future interceptor have already been shown, but it is not yet clear whether there will be a need for it or whether the Su-57 will cope with its functions. Not only would a light fighter meet all the requirements of a new generation, it is necessary to develop a fundamentally new engine and solve the problem with the installation of "stealth". Which is impossible for machines of this class in modern realities. As mentioned earlier, the fifth generation implies multifunctionality, which, in theory, the Su-57 should have, so what tasks will be assigned to the MiG is still not clear.
sixth generationOn the Internet, no, no, yes, a yellow article about the sixth generation of fighter jets slips through. That development is already in full swing somewhere. This is certainly not the case, because we recall that the latest fifth generation is in service only with the United States. Therefore, it is too early to talk about “development in full swing”. Here we would finish with the fifth. As for the speculation about what the weapons of the future will look like, there is room for discussion. What will be the new generation of aircraft?
Most main question which will be decided by the designers of the future - is a pilot needed at all? That is, whether the fighter will be controlled by AI or by a pilot, and if by a pilot, whether the pilot will control the aircraft remotely or still in the old fashioned way from the cockpit. Imagine an airplane without a pilot. This is a huge “relief” for the car, because in addition to the weight of the pilot himself and his equipment, a decent load is created by the pilot’s seat, which should save lives, which makes it difficult for a car stuffed with electronics and mechanisms for pilot ejection. Not to mention changing the design of the airframe, which does not have to allocate a huge space for a person and puzzle over the ergonomic design of the cockpit to make it easier to control the machine in the air. The absence of a pilot leads to the fact that you no longer need to worry about overloads, which means that the car can be accelerated to any speed that the structure will pull, the same goes for maneuvers in the sky. It will also facilitate the training of pilots. And this is not only about reducing the requirements for the health of the pilot. Now the pilot is the most valuable thing in fighters. Colossal amounts of time and resources are spent on preparation, the loss of a pilot is irreplaceable. If the pilot controls the fighter from a comfortable seat deep in a bunker at a military base, then this will change the face of the war no less than a "transplant" from horses to tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. The prospect of completely abandoning the pilot still looks like a task for the more distant future. Scientists warn about the consequences of using AI, and the very philosophical and ethical component of replacing a person with a robot in war is still being studied. Still, we do not yet have the computing power to create a full-fledged replacement for the pilot, but a technological revolution in this area is possible in the coming decades. On the other hand, the flair and military ingenuity of the pilot cannot be recreated by zeros and ones. So far, all these are hypotheses, so the appearance modern aviation and the air force of the near future will still have a human face. After the adoption of SAP-2020, officials quite often talk about the rearmament of the Air Force (or, more broadly, the supply of aviation complexes in the RF Armed Forces). At the same time, the specific parameters of this re-equipment and the strength of the Air Force by 2020 are not directly given. In view of this, many media give their forecasts, but they are presented, as a rule, in tabular form - without arguments or a calculation system. This article is just an attempt to predict combat strength Air Force of the Russian Federation by the specified date. All information is collected from open sources - from media materials. There are no claims for absolute accuracy, because the ways of the State ... ... defense order in Russia are inscrutable, and often a mystery even for those who form it. Total strength of the Air Force So, let's start with the main thing - with the total number of the Air Force by 2020. This number will be formed from new-built aircraft and their modernized "senior colleagues". In his programmatic article, V.V. Putin pointed out that: “... In the coming decade, the troops will receive ... more than 600 modern aircraft, including fifth-generation fighters, over a thousand helicopters". At the same time, the current Minister of Defense S.K. Shoigu recently cited slightly different data: “... By the end of 2020, we will have to receive about 2,000 new aircraft systems from industrial enterprises, including 985 helicopters». The numbers are of the same order, but there are differences in the details. What is it connected with? For helicopters, the delivered machines may no longer be taken into account. Some change in the parameters of SAP-2020 is also possible. But only they will require changes in funding. Theoretically, this is facilitated by the refusal to resume production of the An-124 and a slight reduction in the number of purchases of helicopters.
S. Shoigu mentioned, in fact, no less than 700-800 aircraft (we will subtract helicopters from the total number). Article by V.V. This does not contradict Putin (more than 600 aircraft), but “more than 600” does not really correlate with “almost 1000”. Yes, and money for the “extra” 100-200 vehicles (even taking into account the abandonment of the Ruslans) will need to be attracted additionally, especially if you buy fighters and front-line bombers (with an average price of Su-30SM of $ 40 million per unit, you get astronomical figure - up to a quarter of a trillion rubles for 200 vehicles, despite the fact that PAK FA or Su-35S are more expensive). Thus, the most likely increase in purchases is due to cheaper combat training Yak-130s (all the more so because it is very necessary), attack aircraft and UAVs (it seems that, according to media reports, work has intensified). Although the additional purchase of the Su-34 up to 140 units. can also take place. Now there are about 24 of them. + about 120 Su-24M. Will be - 124 pcs. But to replace front-line bombers in the 1 x 1 format, another fifteen Su-34s will be required.
Based on the given data, it seems appropriate to accept average figures of 700 airplanes and 1,000 helicopters. Total - 1700 boards. Now let's move on to modernized technology. In general, by 2020, the share of new equipment in the Armed Forces should be 70%. But this percentage is not the same for different branches and types of troops. For the Strategic Missile Forces - up to 100% (sometimes they say 90%). For the Air Force, figures were given in the same 70%. I also admit that the share of new equipment will “reach” 80%, but not due to an increase in its purchases, but due to a greater write-off of old machines. However, this article uses a 70/30 ratio. Therefore, the forecast is moderately optimistic. By simple calculations (X=1700x30/70), we get (approximately) 730 modernized boards. In other words, the number of the Russian Air Force by 2020 is planned in the region of 2430-2500 aircraft and helicopters. With the total number, it seems, sorted out. Let's get down to specifics. Let's start with helicopters. This is the most covered topic, and deliveries are already in full swing. Helicopters For attack helicopters, it is planned to have 3 (!) Models - (140 units), (96 units), as well as the Mi-35M (48 units). A total of 284 units were planned. (not including some cars lost in aviation accidents). The importance of the air force in modern warfare is enormous, and the conflicts of recent decades clearly confirm this. The Russian Air Force is second only to the US Air Force in terms of the number of aircraft. Russian military aviation has a long and glorious history; until recently, the Russian Air Force was separate view troops, in August last year, the Russian air force became part of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation.
Today, Russian military aviation is going through a difficult period of its development: its structure is changing, new aviation equipment is being put into service, and generations are changing. However, events recent months in Syria showed that the Russian Air Force can successfully carry out its combat missions in any conditions. History of the Air Force of the Russian Air ForceThe history of Russian military aviation began more than a century ago. In 1904, an aerodynamic institute was created in Kuchino, one of the founders of aerodynamics, Zhukovsky, became its head. Within its walls, scientific and theoretical work was carried out aimed at improving aviation technology. In the same period, the Russian designer Grigorovich worked on the creation of the world's first seaplanes. The first flight schools were opened in the country. In 1910, the Imperial Air Force was organized, which lasted until 1917. Russian aviation took an active part in the First World War, although the domestic industry of that time lagged far behind other countries participating in this conflict. Most combat aircraft flown Russian pilots of that time, were manufactured in foreign factories. But still there were interesting finds among domestic designers. In Russia, the first multi-engine bomber "Ilya Muromets" was created (1915).
At the beginning of the war, aircraft were used for reconnaissance or artillery fire correction, but very quickly they began to be used to bombard the enemy. Soon fighters appeared, and air battles began. The Russian pilot Nesterov made the first air ram, and a little earlier he performed the famous "dead loop". The Imperial Air Force was disbanded after the Bolsheviks came to power. Many pilots participated in the civil war on different sides of the conflict. In 1918, the new government created its own Air Force, which took part in the civil war. After its completion, the country's leadership paid great attention to the development of military aviation. This allowed the USSR in the 30s, after large-scale industrialization, to return to the club of the world's leading aviation powers. New aircraft factories were built, design bureaus were created, flight schools were opened. A whole galaxy of talented aircraft designers appeared in the country: Polyakov, Tupolev, Ilyushin, Petlyakov, Lavochnikov and others. In the pre-war period, the armed forces received a large number of new models of aviation equipment, which was not inferior to foreign counterparts: MiG-3 fighters, Yak-1, LaGG-3, long-range bomber TB-3. By the beginning of the war, the Soviet industry managed to produce more than 20 thousand military aircraft of various modifications. In the summer of 1941, the factories of the USSR produced 50 combat vehicles per day, three months later the production of equipment doubled (up to 100 vehicles).
The situation began to change only by 1943, when the industry of the USSR mastered the production of modern combat vehicles, and the Germans had to best forces sent to defend Germany from Allied air raids. By the end of the war, the numerical superiority of the USSR Air Force became overwhelming. During the war years, more than 27 thousand Soviet pilots died. On July 16, 1997, by the Decree of the President of Russia, the the new kind troops - Air Force of the Russian Federation. Part new structure included the air defense troops and the air force. In 1998, the necessary structural changes were completed, the Main Headquarters of the Russian Air Force was formed, and a new commander-in-chief appeared. Russian military aviation participated in all conflicts in the North Caucasus, in the Georgian war of 2008, in 2019 the Russian Aerospace Forces were introduced into Syria, where they are currently located. Around the middle of the last decade, an active modernization of the Russian air force began. Old aircraft are being modernized, new equipment is being supplied to the units, new ones are being built and old air bases are being restored. The development of the fifth generation fighter T-50 is underway, which is at the final stage. The monetary allowance of military personnel has been significantly increased, today pilots have the opportunity to spend enough time in the air and hone their skills, exercises have become regular.
Structure of the Air Force of the Russian Air ForceToday, the Russian Air Force is part of the military space forces, the decree on the creation of which was published in August 2019. The leadership of the Russian Aerospace Forces is carried out by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the direct command is the High Command of the Aerospace Forces. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian military space forces is Colonel General Sergei Surovikin. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force is Lieutenant General Yudin, he holds the position of Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces. In addition to the air force, the VKS includes space troops, air defense and missile defense units. The Russian Air Force includes a long-range, military transport and army aviation. In addition, the Air Force includes anti-aircraft, missile and radio engineering troops. The Russian Air Force also has its own special troops, which perform many important functions: provide intelligence and communications, engage in electronic warfare, rescue operations and weapons protection. mass destruction. The Air Force also includes a meteorological and medical service, engineering units, support units and rear services. The basis of the structure of the Russian air force are brigades, air bases and commands of the Russian Air Force. Four commands are located in St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Khabarovsk and Novosibirsk. In addition, the Russian Air Force includes a separate command that manages long-range and military transport aviation. As mentioned above, in terms of size, the Russian Air Force is second only to the US Air Force. In 2010, the number of Russian air forces was 148 thousand people, about 3.6 thousand various units of aviation equipment were in operation, and about 1 thousand more were in storage.
The following tasks are set for the Russian Air Force:
Military aviation of the Russian Air ForceThe Russian Air Force includes strategic and long-range aviation, military transport and army aviation, which, in turn, is divided into fighter, assault, bomber, reconnaissance. Strategic and long-range aviation is part of the Russian nuclear triad and is capable of carrying different kinds nuclear weapons. . These machines were designed and built back in the Soviet Union. The impetus for the creation of this aircraft was the development by the Americans of the B-1 strategist. Today, the Russian Air Force is armed with 16 Tu-160 aircraft. These military aircraft can be armed with cruise missiles and free-fall bombs. Whether the Russian industry will be able to establish serial production of these machines is an open question. . This is a turboprop aircraft that made its first flight during Stalin's lifetime. This machine has undergone a deep modernization, it can be armed with cruise missiles and free-fall bombs with both conventional and nuclear warheads. Currently, the number of operating machines is about 30. . This machine is called a long-range supersonic missile-carrying bomber. Tu-22M was developed in the late 60s of the last century. The aircraft has a variable wing geometry. Can carry cruise missiles and nuclear bombs. Total combat-ready vehicles - about 50, another 100 are in storage. Fighter aviation of the Russian Air Force is currently represented by Su-27, MiG-29, Su-30, Su-35, MiG-31, Su-34 (fighter-bomber). . This machine is the result of a deep modernization of the Su-27, it can be attributed to the 4 ++ generation. The fighter has increased maneuverability and is equipped with advanced electronic equipment. Start of operation of the Su-35 - 2014. The total number of aircraft - 48 cars. . The famous attack aircraft, created back in the mid-70s of the last century. One of the best vehicles of its class in the world, the Su-25 has been involved in dozens of conflicts. Today, about 200 Rooks are in service, another 100 are in storage. This aircraft is being upgraded and will be completed in 2020. . Front-line bomber with variable wing geometry, designed to overcome enemy air defenses at low altitude and supersonic speed. The Su-24 is a morally obsolete machine, it is planned to be decommissioned by 2020. 111 units remain in service. . The latest fighter-bomber. Now the Russian Air Force is armed with 75 such aircraft. The transport aviation of the Russian Air Force is represented by several hundred different aircraft, the vast majority developed back in the USSR: An-22, An-124 Ruslan, Il-86, An-26, An-72, An-140, An-148 and others models. Training aircraft include: Yak-130, Czech aircraft L-39 Albatros and Tu-134UBL.
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