What happens when it rains. How to explain to a child why it is raining? And last June was within the standard framework

Have you ever wondered what they are - the true causes of rain? Oh, do you have your own opinion on this matter, which you consider to be the only true one? Ironically, everyone has their own opinion too. So, maybe we should find out what the real reasons for the rain are for them?

Here comes a young man, serious and preoccupied, with a tube in his hand. It is immediately clear - a student, who, if not him, knows the true causes of rain!

- Well, you do! What are the reasons for the rain! Yes, every student knows this! At least you should know. Should I tell you about the water cycle in nature? About the fact that clouds are steam, it cools and falls to the ground in the form of raindrops? Or are you asking what are the philosophical sense? Like, why does the grass grow, it rains, people die? Then I can’t say anything, we will have philosophy only in the third year!

Well, a very smart student got caught! Although he didn’t really say anything - he didn’t want to talk about the water cycle in nature, but, you see, they didn’t tell them about the true causes of rain! Well, no fantasy!

- Reasons for the rain? What's this? Why is it raining? Ahhh, well, why - the Lord weeps over human sins, and here he comes! The truth is the truth, and there is nothing to smile about! When people were mired in sin, the Lord sent down on them a worldwide flood, and it rained for many days and nights in a row. But only after the Lord promised not to send a flood anymore, he felt sorry for the people! Since then, he has only been crying, mourning our sins, here are the reasons for the rain, it’s time for people to think about how they live!

Well, well - also wow version! No one has proved that there can be no such causes of rain. Soooo, who's next? Yeah, here's a schoolboy with a briefcase jumping across the lawn until adults see and swear.

I know what causes rain! This is the water cycle in nature, we were told at school, water from rivers and seas evaporates, steam rises up into the sky, and it’s cold in the sky, there the steam becomes water and goes, again it falls into the seas and rivers. And then back to the sky! Everything seems to be ... Ah! Another reason for the rain is that if there is no rain, then all life on earth will dry up and die, which is why it rains!

Such a smart guy! Everything laid out, as if on shelves. Let's go further, let's ask that little girl over there, who, with a pensive look, is tormenting a daisy, guessing, probably. Love, you know, she is love at the age of 8!

- I don’t know the reasons for the rain, we haven’t gone to school yet ... It probably rains when someone is sad, I’m always sad when it rains! And if, for example, you love someone, but they don’t love you, then you are sad, as if all good things had ended ...

It is also quite possible, although it usually happens the other way around - and everyone becomes sad. Or maybe, indeed, the causes of rain are someone's universal sadness, gathered at one time on earth ...

Okay, we won’t be very sad, we’d better ask that little one, thoughtfully poking around in the sandbox. And what? The mouth of a baby, as you know, speaks the truth.

- Mom didn’t tell me what the causes of rain are ... Why is it raining? I don't know... Ah, no, I know! Grandmother said that when it rains in the summer, angels pee on us from the sky! Therefore, I always hide from the rain!

Well, well - it's time to take stock. About the fact that rain is a phenomenon caused by the water cycle in nature, it seems that everyone should know, some even remember it. That's just everyone still has their own point of view on what could be the reasons. Of course, I want to know what are the true causes of rain, but is it really that important! And at least talk to people.

Do you have your own versions - what are the reasons for the rain?

After the director of one of the American radio stations got wet to the skin, falling under the autumn rain, the program "Weather Forecast" appeared on the air, which had not previously existed. The information turned out to be relevant, because it will never be superfluous to find out whether it is worth taking an umbrella today and whether you need to leave the house, since, for example, in Portugal, rain and wind are good reason not to show up for work.

Rain is one of the precipitation, which fall mainly from nimbostratus and altostratus clouds in the form of water droplets with a diameter of 0.5 to 7 mm. Rain usually comes from mixed clouds containing supercooled droplets or ice crystals.

Raindrops fall when small spherical water particles coalesce into larger ones, or when they freeze to an ice crystal. Unlike the generally accepted opinion, they do not have the shape of a teardrop, since they are flattened on the underside due to the pressure of the oncoming air flow.

At first, these droplets are light enough that the air allows them to remain in the cloud. Since inside the cloud they are constantly moving and colliding with each other, merging and increasing in size, they begin to gradually sink down, continuing to increase. This process continues until the water particles gain the required mass, enabling them to overcome air resistance and shed raindrops on the ground.

If water particles are in clouds, inside which the temperature is high enough not to turn into ice crystals, the droplets merge with each other constantly and extremely intensively. It does not rain as often from them as from clouds, inside which the temperature is below zero: in order to fall out of the cloud, ice crystals gain the necessary mass quite quickly.

If at this time there is a very high difference in temperature between the cloud and the earth's surface, then the frozen crystals melt before reaching earth's surface- and raindrops fall on the ground (the largest drops are obtained when hail melts).

Interestingly, the larger the raindrops, the stronger the rain, but usually it passes rather quickly. The speed of such precipitation can be from 9 to 30 m/s (this is usually typical for summer or spring rain). But if the raindrops turn out to be small, then such precipitation can last for several days or even weeks - water flies to the ground "slowly", at a speed of 2 to 6.6 m / s, which is typical for autumn rains.

Precipitation intensity

One of the important indicators of the amount of precipitation in nature is the fixation of the intensity of rain - the volume of raindrops falling in a certain time.

The thickness of rainwater that has fallen is usually measured in millimeters: one millimeter of water is equal to one kilogram of raindrops falling on one square meter(Precipitation rate usually ranges from 1.25 mm/h to 100 mm/h). Given the amount of precipitation that falls over a certain period of time, light, moderate and heavy rain are distinguished.

Heavy rainfall

At a speed of 2.5 mm/h, light rain falls regardless of the time of the year at positive temperatures in temperate and high latitudes from dark altostratus, stratonimbus and cumulonimbus clouds. Heavy precipitation lasts from several hours to several weeks and covers a vast territory. If precipitation of this type is prolonged, then they quite often harm nature: the humidity in the atmosphere increases greatly, and plants begin to rot due to oversaturation with moisture.

Drizzling precipitation

Moderate rains come at a speed of 2.5 to 8 mm/h in the form of small droplets from stratus and stratocumulus clouds. These precipitations do not last long, from several hours to two days, their amount is minimal, and therefore the rain does not have a negative impact on nature.

heavy rainfall

Rainfall is heavy rain with the wind, which often falls in temperate latitudes usually in warm time of the year. Such heavy rain is characterized high speed loss (more than 8 mm / h) and a short duration, no more than a few hours. The exception is May rain, which can last up to three days, as well as heavy rainfall in tropical and equatorial latitudes. The rainy season here often lasts several months, and heavy rain pours almost non-stop with an intensity of 25-30 mm / min.

It should be noted that a thunderstorm often accompanies heavy rain, so in such weather it is better to take shelter in order to avoid accidents. Interestingly, the occurrence of a thunderstorm is directly related to the Sun - in the middle latitudes, such a natural phenomenon can be observed in the afternoon and very rarely before dawn.

In Europe, the heaviest rain fell on the territory of Germany in the twenties of the last century, when its rates were 15.5 mm / min. As for the heaviest precipitation on a planetary scale, on the lands of Guadeloupe, rain was recorded with an intensity of 38 mm / min.

Heavy rain is often accompanied by thunderstorms and heavy winds, which causes significant harm to both nature and humans. The consequences of such rain and wind are often landslides, floods, soil erosion. Such weather conditions can cause death of a person, as well as cause an ecological disaster. When it comes to heavy rain, it is not so much its duration that is important, but its intensity: the more drops fall, the more detrimental the consequences will be.

rainy season

Regions have been recorded on Earth where precipitation the largest number precipitation. This phenomenon is known as the "rainy season" and can be observed in tropical and subtropical latitudes. The closer to the equator the rainy season, the more prolonged precipitation, lasting from May to October. In tropical regions more distant from the equator, the rainy season consists of two periods and gives people a certain respite (the rainy belt does not stand still and gradually moves after the zenith of the Sun from the northern to the southern tropic and back).

Tropical summer rain usually begins suddenly, and raindrops, having formed one continuous stream, pour onto the ground in such a dense wall that little can be distinguished at a distance of one meter. As a result, precipitation of such intensity can, in a few hours, not only completely flood cities and villages, but also cause mudflows and floods.

Interestingly, for local residents the rainy season is a common occurrence, they have long been accustomed to such weather conditions and know how to act, for example, almost all houses in Thailand are built on stilts. That is why tourists are not recommended to visit the equatorial and tropical countries during a similar period. Storms and hurricanes also occur quite often, only in the Philippines in one rainy season about thirty hurricanes and storms fly over the country.

Precipitation in temperate latitudes

The farther from the equator, the weaker the rainy season, and in temperate latitudes it completely disappears: precipitation here is evenly distributed throughout the year and their abundance depends not so much on the Sun, but on winds and mountain ranges. For example:

Spring rain is typical for the whole territory of Europe and during the first two months the rains constantly alternate with the Sun. Downpours often start at last days spring;
In Germany, warm rain can be observed throughout the summer. In Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, in the middle and of Eastern Europe August is considered one of the most rainy months;
Autumn cold rain observed in Norway, France, Italy and the Balkans in October and November, when warm weather gradually replaced by frost;
Winter cold rain can be seen mainly in the south of Europe - in the Balkans, in the west and south of the Iberian Peninsula, but it is not uncommon for the northern territories, for example, it often falls in Scotland and the Faroe Islands.

rain and nature

The role of precipitation in the life of nature can hardly be overestimated, since they both give life and take it away. Rain and wind, forming squalls, thunderstorms, hurricanes can destroy houses, break crops, nullify all human efforts and even deprive him of life or health. The consequences of heavy rainfall are often catastrophic.

Raindrops also give life: after rainfall, nature is renewed and revived. For example, mushroom rain is eagerly awaited by all mushroom pickers. This is a drizzling warm rain that falls from clouds that are low above the earth's surface during the growth of mushrooms. Interestingly, unlike other precipitation, mushroom rain is short-lived, raindrops wet the soil well, and all mushrooms in the soil begin to grow extremely well.

I asked my mom this question when I was 5 years old. We then rested on a forest lake. The weather was wonderful and I didn't get out of the water. But, one day, the weather deteriorated sharply - it started to rain. He lil straight from clear sky. I had to get out of the water. I was very upset then and asked my mother: “Why did it rain?”. On my baby question she answered very seriously.

Why is it raining

It turns out that this happens when water vapor immediately enters a cold air stream. There it cools and turns into droplets. This summer rain is called "blind". Its drops are warm and large. And in autumn, on the contrary, the rain splashes like cologne from a spray bottle. Why? Because the autumn air is already cold and ice, forming on high altitude, then, falling down, melt more slowly. And they merge with each other more lazily. So it turns out cold, drizzling, "dank" rain. Often before the rain you can see how the white clouds gather into one big dark cloud. It is dark from the fact that it contains such a large number of moisture that does not pass sunlight. Sometimes, individual drops freeze due to low temperatures. They fall down with the raindrops - goes hail.

Causes of rain

The science that studies different types of precipitation is called meteorology. She singled out 4 main reasons to make rain:

warm moist air rises. The warmer the air, the more moisture it holds;
there must be enough moisture in the water vapor to then become rain;
meeting of warm air masses with cold air masses. It is called " atmospheric front". How more difference their temperatures, the stronger the rain;
the presence of mountains and hills. At the top of the mountain, the temperature drops, and the moisture turns into clouds, which then rain.

Our conversation by the lake continued at home. We decided to arrange The water cycle. They took a pot of water, put it on the fire and waited. Very soon, steam began to rise and settle on the lid of the pan in the form of droplets. The drops merged and fell down to rise again in the form of vapor upwards. And so it happened again and again. It was raining in the pot.

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It just so happened that I was born in St. Petersburg - a city that is famous throughout Russia for its rainy weather. Someone who, but I know everything about the rains. And about how cold drops gently stroke your face, and about why they roll down on us from the sky at all - that is, why is it raining at all.

What is rain and where does it come from

We all know perfectly well that the planet we live on has a very large water shell. This:

Rivers.
Seas.
Oceans.
Lakes.

And many other bodies of water different sizes.

It often seems to us that the water does not disappear from them, but in fact it is not. All water on Earth is exposed to solar heat evaporates, filling the atmosphere with tiny droplets.

The wind collects them in heaps - clouds. There the droplets unite getting heaviere- and go down. This phenomenon is called rain.

Why is it cloudy when it rains

You probably noticed: almost always when it's raining, the sky is darkening and the sun is hiding. In fact, it is simply blocked by clouds - large and dark. The ones that store future raindrops.

There are so many of them that the rays of the sun cannot penetrate through such a barrier. That is why clouds appear so dark to us – we call them clouds. For the same reason and the weather becomes cloudy.

We also have a little rain

The most interesting thing is that the rain carries a part of each of us. Every animal, plant and even human.

The fact is that in living organisms to some extent or me water is present. When the Sun heats us up, it is very important to cool down in time.

In animals and humans, thermoregulation occurs with the help of sweat - small droplets of liquid protrude through the pores to the surface of the skin - and under the influence of the Sun they also evaporate eventually returning to earth as precipitation.

Why does it rain most often in autumn?

In fact, this is not true at all. Scientists analyzed the frequency of rainfall - and it turned out that in summer they go even more often! And the rainiest month on average in Russia is June.

And other countries have their rainy seasons - in Vietnam, for example, it lasts from May to November.

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For me rain - boats in the puddles, rubber boots And colorful rainbow. Without rain unthinkable life on our planet. The rain brings sedation, of course, if you don't have to get wet under it at the bus stop :(

What is rain

Clouds, visible to us in the sky, are concentration of tiny particles of water that were raised from the ground after evaporation. These particles are so microscopic that are in a state free float in the air. Happening in the clouds circulation of cold and warm streams air, which carry moisture particles with them. Those particles, What bigger and are in the middle layers of the cloud, are moving updraft in upper layer. There temperature below, and cooled droplets go down, attracting more small. This movement continues until drops Not become heavier so much that they can no longer be raised, and then, under the influence of their own masses, drops rush down, turning into rain.

However, not always rain has this nature. Similarly, precipitation forms only in tropics. IN our area, due to climatic features , the temperature in the upper layers of the cloud almost always below zero. Thus, when hitting the top layer, particles turn into microscopic ice crystals. Over time, from crystals snowflakes are forming. Thanks to all the same forces, snowflakes fall down, while passing warm layers of the atmosphere turn into droplets and then outside the window we see rain.

What are the rains

Rain- one of the most familiar to man weather manifestations. He happens long-awaited, dangerous, useful, soothing. There are several types of rain:

blind;
thunderstorm;
hail;
snow;
bathing;
shower;
drizzling;
strip;
oblique;
sieve;
mushroom.

Using a figurative meaning, one can also mention such a phenomenon as meteor Rain - combustion of several, and sometimes more than a hundred meteorite bodies at the same time.

Precipitation measurement

Rain is one of the varieties precipitation. To analyze the amount of precipitation, meteorologists collect raindrops in special cylinders. The thickness of the water in millimeters will be the value indicating rainfall. IN Moscow rainfall throughout the year reaches 670 mm., and in South America , in a desert Atacama, the average is equal to 0.1 mm. The rainiest place on earth is Kauai included in the group Hawaiian Islands. Here the level reaches 11750 mm. It's hard to believe, but in the year there 350 days go by heavy rains .

How do clouds disperse

In reality, clouds do not accelerate, but create conditions for precipitation fell at a considerable distance from a place where a good clear weather. To do this, from the leeward side, from aircraft, they spray granular dry ice or silver iodide crystals. Upon entering the cloud, the reagent forms a snowflakeAnd, water crystallizes, and it starts to rain.

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Questions like this begin to worry the child as early as early age. I remember how, being small and getting wet in the rain, I asked my grandmother "what is it?" and "where does water come from in the sky?", and she tried to explain all this to me on her fingers. Already at school, I received a more detailed answer to my question from teachers. Now I'm trying to be a teacher. So, let's talk about what rain is and where it comes from.

The water cycle in nature

Just as a person sweats profusely on a hot day, so As the earth warms, moisture evaporates. Rising up and gradually cooling the water vapor condenses into clouds, first in them small droplets are collected and held in the atmosphere by air resistance, but the further those drops become heavier and heavier. Having reached a certain critical mass, they can't be held in the cloud and fall to the ground as precipitation. Depending on conditions environment Several types of precipitation can form:

Rain.
Snow. At negative temperatures, water vapor rising up can bypass the liquid stage and immediately turn into solid snowflakes, which, falling lower, gradually melt and take the form of snow we are used to.
Grad. When evaporated moisture rises too high, into the upper atmosphere, at sub-zero temperatures, it can crystallize. Frozen water crystals have big weight and it is quite difficult for them to stay in the cloud. In this case, we see the fall of "hard rain" or simply "hail".

The rain caused weather forecasts to appear on the radio. Once the owner of a popular American radio stations was outside when it was raining and after that he ordered to establish new rubric in which they will tell about the possibility of rain several times a day.
hot Botswana and South Africa the national currency is called "rain".
Approximately one person in a million is allergic to rain. When hit under water, a person turns red and becomes covered with spots, if timely assistance is not provided, he may even die.
in 1986, hail fell from the sky from the weight of one hailstone more than a kilogram, then 92 people died from this phenomenon.

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At school, they briefly explained to us why it rains. So fluently that the weak brain of the second graders could not master such a quick, short and at the same time clever explanation. From that explanation, I only remember that this is part of " water cycle". Then we all the class (or rather, only those who were interested) went to the library, took, as I remember now, the Scrabble encyclopedia and began to search. Now I'll try to retell everything that I remember from that moment, well, I'll season it with current knowledge, which are also many.

Why does it rain

First you need to understand why it rains and where the water for rain comes from. Water is taken from steam - clouds. It gets there when the sun heats the surface of the earth / water bodies and moisture from these surfaces evaporates, the steam later rises and collects in clouds in the sky. In addition to water from the surface of the earth, there are evaporations from living objects. People sweat, just excess water evaporate and are taken out of since And stomata plants too evaporate excess water. All this water goes to rain.

rain gear

Let's look at a few mechanisms. First:

In the sky due to the cold temperature of the steam condenses into light droplets, which are still not heavy enough to fall.
Drops are moving in the sky chaotically.
Sometimes they face And merge into larger.
Larger droplets much heavier than the original ones and therefore they are under the influence of gravity fall down.

Low temperature in stock high humidity makes condense steam in more large droplets.
These droplets too heavy to soar in the clouds.
Drops under the influence of attraction fall down and rain down on the ground.

As can be easily seen, in this case there is no chaotic motion of drops.

Third mechanism:

meet in the sky warm air masses and cold air masses. Cold air cools warm and further two ways. According to the first the air is not very cold and he starts condense and are formed raindrops that fall down. The second way - the air cools so much that the drops freeze and snowing.

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The world is full of a wide variety of phenomena, and in ancient times, many of them were considered a real miracle. What can I say about the ancients, if I myself thought so in childhood. When I grew up, I learned more about the world around me, and the rain from an unusual miracle for me became just a natural phenomenon.

What did the ancient Slavs say about rain?

Myths and legends were formed by our ancestors for centuries. Plots were most often based on phenomena that were considered mystical. Today hardly anyone will agree that rain is a message higher powers. The rain was both a punishment and a salvation for people: if it rained in a dry year, the people thanked heaven for their mercy, and if it rained without stopping, they were angry at the sent punishment.

Modern rain science

Rain is a long process. The clouds that we see every day in the sky contain water droplets that are in constant motion. In the cloud itself, the droplets "meet" each other and form larger drops. How do these droplets get into the clouds? Very simple: The sun warms the water on the surface:

ocean;
seas;
rivers;
puddles.

Water begins to evaporate and rise gradually upwards, forming those same clouds. It is difficult to think that such a miracle can be so simply explained.

What is acid rain

Acid rain is an extremely unpleasant thing and it is best never to encounter such a phenomenon. Such rain is called any precipitation that has arisen as a result of air pollution with nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and other acid oxides. How does acid rain appear? Basically, you can say “thank you” for such a negative phenomenon to various enterprises producing cars, heat and electricity.

Places on Earth where they don't know about rain

Many scientists believe that there are no such places. Even in the hottest deserts, at least once a year and at least a couple of minutes there will be a little rain. But there is the wettest place on the planet: the village of Mosinram in India. It doesn't rain there every day without stopping, but annual amount rainfall makes people recognize that there is no need to suffer from water shortages in this area.

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We have all had the opportunity to watch rain at least once in our lives. Whether it is small, slightly dripping, or torrential, generously watering nature. Let's try to explain why it rains? Rain is the name given to precipitation that falls from clouds in the form of water droplets.

Rain comes in different forms

Rain can be barely noticeable, but it can be, on the contrary, torrential, frightening. Kinds:

drizzling;
showers;
"blind";
"dry".

More than once I watched how lightly dripping raindrops smoothly turned into a light rain, which eventually ended in a heavy downpour, and sometimes even hail. We all know from school that rain drops have a diameter up to 0.5 millimeters. If they are smaller in diameter, then such precipitation is called drizzle rather than rain.

So why does it rain?

For it to rain, you need a cloud of ice crystals or tiny drops of water, well, or both. The heaviest rains come precisely when a mixture of crystals is present in the cloud ice and drops water.

At first, the water droplets in the cloud resemble water dust. Such droplets-dust particles move upward, and when the flow weakens, they begin to fall very slowly - at a speed of 1-2 centimeters per second. Further water flow drives up and all cloud. And since the air temperature drops every 100 meters, the droplets gradually turn into the smallest pieces of ice. The most interesting is just beginning... Ice floes and droplets collide with each other, merge or freeze, become heavier and finally rush to the ground. On the way, the ice floes melt and fall to the ground already in the form of drops. It happens that in cloudsNoice floes, then a small one falls to the ground, like from a sieve, drizzling rain.

Shower

Downpour we used to call rain of such force when it falls in a minute more than one millimeterprecipitation. But this indicator is even higher.

"Blind Rains"

When the sun is shining and not a cloud is visible, a haze appears overhead. On the ground spank loudly large drops. Water vapor does not have time to gather into a cloud, as a stream of cold air rushed over them.

Having figured it out why is it raining we understand how multifaceted and amazing nature is, how it properly manages its resources giving us these gifts!

We listen to the weather forecast every day to find out if it will rain today, and whether it is worth taking an umbrella with us to hide from the rain and not get wet. Many of us like to walk in the rain, fall asleep to the sound of rain, while others, on the contrary, try to hide at home at the first drops of rain, they cannot stand the slush and dampness that rains bring.

The first spring rains awaken nature, fill the earth with life-giving moisture, and dissolve the dirty remains of snow. In hot summer days rains freshen the air, wash the dust off the leaves of the trees.

Rain is precipitation that fall from the clouds floating across our sky. Clouds can have a wide variety of shapes, they look like huge pieces of cotton wool or giant waves, sometimes they resemble bird feathers. Sometimes the sky is covered with a huge black cloud or a solid gray veil.

How clouds are formed

Clouds form in the sky and are made up of water droplets and ice crystals. How do water droplets and ice crystals get into clouds? By heating the surface of the earth, the sun's rays evaporate a large amount of moisture, which rises into the air in the form of water vapor.

Also, water vapor rises from the surfaces of reservoirs: rivers, seas, lakes. All plants of the Earth from the smallest blade of grass to huge tree evaporate water, and animals and humans exhale water vapor.

The higher the temperature and humidity of the air, the more water vapor is formed, which condense and turn into tiny droplets of water. From these small droplets of water, as well as from ice crystals, if the air is cold, clouds form.

Not every cloud makes it rain. In order for the cloud to rain, the water droplets must become larger. In clouds, the size of the droplets gradually increase - water vapor is deposited on small droplets from the air and the droplets become larger, the same droplets move in the cloud in all directions, collide with each other, merge and increase.

If the cloud consists only of water droplets, then the process of formation of a rain cloud is very slow. Mixed clouds, the upper part of which consists of ice crystals, and the lower part of water droplets form faster rain clouds, because, getting into the lower layers of the atmosphere, where the temperature is above zero, ice crystals evaporate and turn into large drops of water. Mixed clouds fall to the ground in the form of heavy rains and even showers. Cumulonimbus, stratocumulus, stratocumulus, stratus and altostratus clouds refer to rain clouds.

What are the rains

Rain is water droplets that are very small less than 0.5 mm and larger, reaching a size of 6-7 mm. Rain is atmospheric precipitation that falls from spring to autumn. On rare occasions, it can also rain in winter. Scientists divide precipitation into three types: it is drizzling, overflowing and torrential rains.

The rest of the people give rains a variety of definitions - warm and cold, long-awaited and boring, short-term and protracted.

It often rains with hail, with snow, with a thunderstorm. Rain can be blind or mushroom, and even icy, but also radioactive and acidic, exotic and even stellar.

Drizzling rain, drizzle

When it is drizzling, it is impossible to get wet under such rain, but dampness hanging in the air is felt. Drizzling rain - rain with small and frequent droplets, it is almost invisible, small droplets, falling on the surface of the puddle, do not form circles. Drizzling rains reduce visibility and make the day foggy.

Drizzle is very small drops no more than 0.5 mm, which seem to hang in the air, as they have a very low falling speed, drizzle also falls during fog. With drizzle, drops are not visible, and the air itself seems damp, wet.

Heavy rain, rain with thunder and hail

Storm clouds form when cold air meets warm air. air masses, also the cause of heavy rains is intense heat, moist soil warms up strongly, and the moisture that evaporates from the earth's surface forms heavy clouds overloaded with water. Many of us have observed these evaporations, the damp earth seems to be smoking.

Heavy rains begin suddenly, and just as suddenly end. They usually do not last long, but can be very strong.

Thunderstorms are always torrential, they also occur suddenly, accompanied by strong wind, thunder and lightning, can fall on a certain part of the city, and do a lot of trouble.

These are uprooted and fallen trees, overturned billboards, broken wires, demolished roofs, flooded streets and entrances of houses, and other areas of the city were spared by the downpour, not a single drop of rain fell there.

Lightning accompanying thunderstorms, falling into residential buildings, causes fires, breaks trees, sometimes lightning hits animals and people.

Tropical showers continue for hours, and a huge mass of water pours onto the ground. Often heavy rains cause floods, rivers overflowing with water overflow their banks, water flows wash away dams and dams, flood settlements, destroy houses, roads, bridges, mudflows descend from the mountains, landslides occur. People often become victims of floods.

Rains with hail occur only in hot weather, when the air is filled with a lot of moisture. Hailstones are formed in cumulonimbus clouds, and when they reach large sizes and cannot stay in suspension, they fall to the ground in the form of hail. The hail has various sizes from a small pea to the size of a chicken egg.

Large hail can pierce the roofs of houses, break glass, and even kill animals and people. And small hail does a lot of damage. agriculture, destroys crops in gardens and fields, damages orchards.

Blind or mushroom rain

Blind rain or mushroom rain occurs in summer, during such rain the sun shines in the sky, and such rain is also called solar rain, after a sunny rain a rainbow necessarily appears.

To fall under such a rain, and even seeing a rainbow, is considered a good omen. Also, according to folk signs, mushrooms begin to grow after the rain - hence the name - mushroom rain. This is a warm and short rain.

Heavy or prolonged rains

Heavy rain can last from several hours to several days. During prolonged rains, the entire sky is covered with clouds, the sun does not peep through the clouds, the day becomes dark, gloomy. Long rains, especially in autumn, are accompanied by a decrease in air temperature. These are cold rains, tedious, annoying, turning all the colors of the world around into dull, gray colors.

freezing rain

Freezing rain occurs when the air near the earth's surface has more low temperature- (from 0 degrees to - minus 10 degrees) than in the upper atmosphere. Raindrops, falling into the cold air, are covered with an ice crust, inside the crust the water remains in a liquid state.

Falling to the ground, such ice balls break and the water, flowing out, instantly freezes. Getting on the branches of trees, on wires, on surrounding objects, freezing rain gives objects and trees a fabulous unusual view, each branch is covered with an ice crust, and sidewalks and roads turn into an ice rink.

This a natural phenomenon it looks beautiful, but dangerous, as wires break under the weight of ice, branches break, pedestrians are injured.

Acid and radioactive rain

acid rain are rains that contain acids and toxic substances released into the atmosphere from harmful industrial enterprises and automobile exhaust. industrial production pollutes the air with harmful gases that rise up and fall into the clouds, combining with water droplets - form acid. And acid rain falls on the earth, bringing only harm to all life on Earth. Acid rain destroys crops, destroys fish in reservoirs.

Radioactive rains carry an even greater danger - the radiation background rises, which leads to genetic mutations and diseases. internal organs, to oncology and damage skin. The reason for the occurrence of radioactive rain are accidents at nuclear power plants, at enterprises that use radioactive substances in the production and testing of nuclear weapons.

exotic rains

Exotic rains are unusual rains wonderful, mysterious. Rains, which, together with water, bring various objects to the surface of the earth: coins, grain, fruits, and even spiders, fish, jellyfish and frogs.

Sometimes raindrops are colored in different colors- blue, red. Why does it rain so much? Often on hot summer days, dust whirlwinds can be observed above the earth's surface. Rotating, this air column draws in various small debris - pieces of paper, wood chips, plastic bags, even plastic bottles and raises it all above the surface of the earth.

More powerful tornadoes are capable of lifting large, heavy objects into the air, and if such a tornado passes over the surface of reservoirs, then, together with water, it sucks in and lifts living creatures that live in water high into the air. The wind blowing in the upper layers of the atmosphere carries tornadoes and whirlwinds over long distances, and when the strength of the wind weakens, “gifts from heaven” fall to the ground along with rain, and sometimes without rain.

Why do colored rains come? The wind raises the pollen of plants high into the sky, and the pigment contained in the pollen paints the rain in different colors - blue, green, yellow. Also, a whirlwind can suck water from a swamp, in which large quantities there are the smallest microorganisms that give the water a brown, red color, or, passing over the desert, raise a lot of multi-colored dust into the air.

Star and meteor showers

Star rain is a starfall, or rather, these are meteoroids that fly into the atmosphere of our Earth and reach speeds of up to tens of kilometers per second, when rubbing against the air, they heat up and begin to glow, and then collapse. Such a phenomenon can be observed at a certain time, at night, it seems that the stars are falling. People often make wishes when they see shooting stars.

A meteor shower or rock shower is a rain that consists of many meteorites. When a large meteorite is destroyed, both large and small fragments fall to the ground. Large meteorites, hitting the surface of the Earth, explode and form meteorite craters. It is believed that about a thousand small meteorites fall on our planet every day.

Why bubbles form when it rains

Raindrops, falling into puddles, hit the water, splash out on top of the water surface, and the air that has fallen under the water film forms bubbles. Larger and more noticeable bubbles form when there is heavy rain with large drops or a downpour.

There is such folk omen if large bubbles form on the puddles, then the rain will end soon. The sun will shine brightly and the sky will turn blue-blue.

Rain is one of the most common weather events. However, not everyone knows why it is raining, although this information was given by teachers in elementary grades. The global water cycle begins with thermal effects. Under the scorching rays of the sun, liquid evaporates from the surfaces of reservoirs, rivers, seas and oceans. It turns into steam and rushes up. In countries with high humidity, small bubbles can be easily seen.

Reasons for the appearance

The sciences that study any kind of precipitation are called meteorology and climatology. They identify 4 main reasons:

Elevated landforms.
Ascending movement of air masses.
The presence of water vapor, which contributes to the formation of precipitation in the form of rain.
Meeting and interaction of flows of cold and warm air.

You can conduct a small experiment at home and see clearly how the world water cycle occurs.

To do this, you need to take a small container, draw water into it and put it on the fire to boil. Cover the pot with a transparent lid. When the liquid heats up, it will begin to turn into steam, and small droplets will begin to accumulate on the surface of the lid, and then fall back into the pot of boiling water and turn into steam again.

Upward movements

The sun's rays heat the earth, and the process of evaporation of moisture begins. This happens not only with soil, but also with water surfaces. The evaporated liquid is in the air. According to the laws of physics, warm air moves to the upper atmosphere along with the water bubbles it contains.

Basic physical concepts- absolute humidity (the amount of steam that is contained in the air at the current moment) and relative (in relation to the humidity that is observed at a given temperature). The hotter the air, the more water vapor it contains.

All air currents contain moisture, but the higher it rises, the lower the air temperature becomes. It starts to condense and clouds appear in the sky. When the temperature reaches the lower mark, and the cloud is no longer able to hold the amount of moisture that it contains, it starts to rain.

The process is similar to what happens with ascending air masses. The precipitation rule only works if there is a place for water bubbles to come from - from a leaf plate, water surface, freshly plowed soil, etc.

But if a person is, for example, in the Sahara desert, the sun's rays will not cause rain, since moisture has nowhere to come from.