Where real expensive truffles grow in Russia - the places where black and white grow. What mushrooms grow underground False truffle edible or not
A resident of the Novosibirsk town of Krasnoobsk imagined all weekend how he would raise the Siberian economy to the skies and make Novosibirsk the world leader in the supply of ingredients to the best restaurants in Europe. Thoughts like this popped into my head after Dmitry Dubrovin in his native village he found (or rather, even dug) something similar to an expensive delicacy - truffles. Those same mushrooms that grow in southern France and Switzerland, a kilo of these costs as much as an ordinary driver Dubrovin earns in three months.
They smell like “Amaretto,” Dmitry described the find. Well, it's definitely truffles.
The driver sent the photographs of the find to Komsomolskaya Pravda, and we showed them to the scientists. They promised to study and answer main question: Will Dmitry's dreams come true? Mycologist's answer Vyacheslav Vlasenko was short:
The mushroom in the photo, unfortunately, has nothing to do with truffles. This is Broom's Melanogaster (Melanogaster broomeanus). I don't remember eating it...
The ellipsis at the end, as it were, hinted that the mycologist himself was offended for Siberia. But maybe he was wrong after all? We sent the pictures to another expert - a mycologist Dmitry Ageev, who maintains the site "Mushrooms Novosibirsk region».
Judging by the photographs and the described “fragrant” smell, a resident of Krasnoobsk found Melanogaster Bruma, - Ageev agrees with his colleague. - This is an unusual rare mushroom, listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region. In mid-summer, it can sometimes be found in the top layer of soil under birch trees. It and another subterranean fungus, the deer truffle (genus Elaphomyces), are indeed often referred to as false truffles. They are sometimes found in our forests. Real truffles - mushrooms of the genus Tuber - with a general resemblance not at all related to false truffles, and they have not yet been found in Siberia. The most valuable types of truffles - white and black - prefer a milder climate and grow in the oak forests of Europe.
It is interesting that although Melanogaster looks like a European delicacy, in fact it is not even a brother of a real truffle.
The closest relatives of Melanogaster, who are in the same family with them, are pigs well-known to mushroom pickers (they are also cowsheds), says Ageev. - Taking this opportunity, I would like to remind you that it has been proven that all pigs are poisonous, their use in some people causes a deadly destruction of red blood cells and liver damage. Therefore, trying Melanogaster, despite the pleasant smell, is not worth it - it is better to inform mycologists about the red book find.
It's definitely not a black truffle! - another scientist finally cut down the business plan of the Siberian driver. - Four types of Melanogaster grow in Russia, these mushrooms enter into symbiosis with hardwoods, such as oak or beech, - describes Yuri Rebriev, candidate biological sciences Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which specializes in Gasteromycetes (this group of fungi includes the false truffle Melanogaster Bruma). - On the cut, they really have a marble pattern - a black spore mass with whitish streaks of sterile tissue. IN young age they can smell pleasant, but as they age, the smell becomes harsh and unpleasant. Since Melanogaster form fruiting bodies underground, it is quite difficult to find them. Their finds are infrequent. But this does not mean that the species is rare - perhaps it just hides well! I can’t say anything about the culinary features, as a rule I found several pieces, and, of course, everything went to the herbarium. But I didn’t feel a special aroma, I didn’t salivate.
SPECIFICALLY
How to distinguish real truffle from false?
To the layman, an edible truffle and Melanogaster seem similar, like twin brothers. So how exactly are they different? - we asked the mycologist Dmitry Ageev.
There are quite a few mushrooms with an underground lifestyle. And people, having dug up any mushroom with a closed structure, begin to take it for a truffle, - the expert explains. - If we talk in the context of Melanogaster, then the truffle is an ascomycete, Melanogaster is a basidiomycete. These are very large taxonomic groups that differ in the way spores are formed, which is clearly visible under a microscope.
But even without a microscope, you can see the difference by eye.
Both Melanogaster and truffles show a structure in the form of a marble pattern on the cut - the same adaptation to fruiting underground. In truffles, this pattern is larger, and the flesh itself and the veins are lighter than in Melanogaster, says the mycologist. - The pulp of real truffles has a waxy consistency, while Melanogaster's pulp is like a dense black jelly, penetrated by cartilaginous walls. In addition, the surface of some truffles, such as black ones, is not smooth, but cracked, covered with black scales. Although, outwardly, if you don’t touch them, don’t smell them, don’t compare them with each other, they really look alike, in the eyes of an unprepared mushroom picker.
Mushrooms that grow underground are called truffles. They are considered a rare delicacy, because they have an unusual aroma and a truly unique taste.
Description
In their outward unpresentable appearance, these mushrooms are similar to potatoes. They are characterized by a smooth leathery surface with many cracks. In size, they are usually slightly larger than a walnut. The flesh is white, beige, gray, black or brownish. The strongest aroma combines the smell of nuts and mushrooms. They reproduce by spores that form on the fleshy stalk.
Varieties
There are several types of truffles (about 70), but only ten varieties are valued as a delicacy. Each of them has its own characteristics.
White Piedmontese
It is the most valuable of all representatives of white truffles. Prefers deciduous forests. The average weight of one copy is about 300 grams. Fruiting bodies have the appearance of irregular tubers. Surface color - brown or light ocher. The flesh is beige or white.
Black Himalayan
Grows in China. The weight of the mushroom does not exceed 50 gr. Due to their small size, they are very difficult to find.
Black Perigord
This is the real pride of the French. Another popular name is "black diamond". The surface of the fungus is covered with multifaceted warts. It has a pleasant taste, slightly bitter. Cultivated in many countries - New Zealand, Italy, Spain, France, Australia.
Black winter
Prefers moist soil under linden or hazel. It is found in the territories of Europe, Ukraine, Switzerland. It can weigh up to one and a half kilograms, and the average size is 10-20 cm. The pleasant smell resembles musk.
Black autumn burgundy
A round shape is characteristic, the weight reaches three hundred grams. The pulp has a chocolate color. The mushroom has a bitter taste.
Chinese
It is found mainly in China, Korea, India. In 2015, Chinese truffle was found even in the Russian city of Ussuriysk. The man found him at his summer cottage.
Autumn (burgundy)
Places of growth - France, Italy. Ripening occurs from June to October. Differs in democratic prices ─ about six hundred euros per kilogram.
Red shiny
Typical habitats are deciduous and coniferous forests. Weight reaches 45 grams, and the size of the fruiting body reaches three centimeters in diameter. Fruiting from May to August.
Beneficial features
These representatives of the mushroom kingdom are rich in fiber, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. They can greatly improve emotional condition person. Some Eastern countries believe that truffle juice is excellent medicine for eyes.
Rare mushrooms are also used for the manufacture of cosmetics. One Italian company adds truffle extract to their cosmetics. They claim that this makes the skin smoother and more elastic, providing a lifting effect. Of course, the products of this company are not cheap.
Truffles are widely used in cooking. They are suitable for making sauces, pates. In addition, mushrooms go well with seafood. They can be preserved and frozen, harvesting for future use.
They go well with red Burgundy or other ten-year-old wines.
There are no contraindications to the use of mushrooms, with the exception of the presence of an allergic reaction to penicillin. The only condition is that they must be fresh.
How to search
Finding and harvesting a delicacy is not an easy task. Usually, these are places with stunted vegetation and earth of a gray-ash color. Another identification mark is that midges can curl over the mushroom place. Truffles exude a strong smell, but a person does not catch it because of the soil layer. But some animals may well smell the aroma from a distance. For example, pigs are able to smell a treat at a distance of about 20 meters.
WHAT ARE THE MUSHROOMS GROWING UNDERGROUND? and got the best answer
Answer from Natalia Yitova[guru]
UNDERGROUND MUSHROOMS FOR KINGS
If there are "royal mushrooms" in the world, then these are, of course, truffles. Firstly, they are the most expensive mushrooms of all that are consumed by humans. A kilo of the best truffles can cost more than $4,000, much more than gold. Secondly, these mushrooms are rare. Of course, representatives of the genus Tuberales are found in warm areas. temperate zones both hemispheres, in Australia alone there are at least 40 species, but .. . Outstanding gastronomic advantages, for which truffles are appreciated by gourmets, are far from being possessed by all. Let's say common in our middle lane deer truffle is practically unsuitable for food. Most of all, it looks like a raincoat mushroom (aka grandfather tobacco), except perhaps underground. The so-called steppe truffles, or tombolans, growing in abundance throughout Southern Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia, are edible, but they are also far from “real” truffles in taste. Finally, thirdly, truffles are secretive mushrooms. They grow underground, and finding them is not an easy task. At best, the fungus gives out a barely noticeable tubercle on the soil surface or a slightly crawling out light yellow “back” (the truffle does not have the usual hat or leg - it looks more like a potato in shape). And this is really the best case. Because the most valuable, elite truffles are hidden at a depth of 8-10, or even 15-20 cm. It is clear that without outside help a person cannot find them ...
The most reliable "pathfinders" are pigs, or rather boars. They associate the smell of truffle with the secretions of the female. True, having found an underground mushroom, the boar immediately starts eating. If he is not stopped in time, the person will not get anything, and the treasured mushroom place will be hopelessly damaged.
It is easier with dogs: having caught the mushroom spirit, they stop pointing out the place where exactly the tartufayo mushroom picker should pick in the ground. By the way, the smell of underground delicacies is better smelled by females. However, dogs for truffle "hunting" have to be trained almost longer than for game. First, the puppies are given milk mixed with a decoction of truffles, then they are forced to smell the wooden blocks rubbed with truffles by smell, and only then they transfer the training to the open air - first to the yard, and then to the forest. No wonder a good truffle pointer costs around $5,500.
But the most exotic way to search for underground mushrooms is practiced in France. Its essence is to find a place over which a special truffle fly is circling. The fly burrows underground and lays larvae in the mushrooms, as a result, the truffles become unusable. So it is important not only to see the fly in time, but also to get ahead of the “competitor”.
Why such a cunning method appeared in France is understandable. It is in Southern France and Northern Italy that truffles grow, recognized as the best in the world - French black, or Perigord (Tuber brumale), they are also called "black diamonds". The French and Italians are desperately fighting for the honor of owning the “truffle capital of the world”. The former call such a town Grignan in Tricastan. And the Italians believe that the most-most mushroom city is Acualagna in the Marche province. Truffles are harvested there all year round: in autumn - white, in winter - black preciato ( late fall and winter in Southern Europe is generally considered the truffle season), in spring - March bianchetto, in summer and autumn - black summer. On the last Sunday of October, the first and second Sundays of November, the “National White Truffle Fair” is held here - the local white truffle in Italy is accepted as a reference, which is confirmed by a special law of 1985.
However, just for these mushrooms it is not at all necessary to go to distant lands. White Polish, or Trinity, truffles (Choiromyces meandrirormis) are found in Western European forests, and in the Baltic, and in central Russia, they can be found even in the Moscow region. Of course, by palatability they are inferior to their Franco-Italian counterparts, but the idea of a real truff
Answer from Ritoll[guru]
Just like small cone-shaped chocolate sweets - reminiscent of domes ... - truffles))
Answer from Marina Zhigulskaya[guru]
Truffle
Answer from !!
[newbie]
Well, of course, TRuffles!
Answer from Yovetlana Filipskaya[guru]
Of course it's a truffle! Every year in early November, the Italians hold a white truffle festival. It is at this time that the season for collecting these mushrooms. They are very fond of truffles and believe that the eaten truffle can make a woman tender and a man friendly. They are called only white diamonds, which is not surprising since these mushrooms are very expensive.
Answer from Lucy[active]
Mushrooms that grow underground are called Truffles.
Answer from User deleted[guru]
truffles
Answer from oven[guru]
Truffles... grow in france... looking for sivny... very expensive
Answer from Yovetlana Spiridonova[guru]
Truffles. Mushrooms are still small, and milk mushrooms need to be looked for under fallen leaves, they are not always immediately visible.
Answer from Al. Krassavskiy[guru]
Dungeons.
Answer from Irina[guru]
The mushroom is called truffle. grows underground. therefore, earlier it was searched for by specially trained pigs. but because they themselves loved to feast on this delicacy, dogs began to be attracted to this business.
Answer from Ileonora Polyakova[guru]
Truffles (truffles)
Answer from Olvira Pishchugina[guru]
Truffle
Answer from Esther[guru]
truffles are secretive mushrooms that grow underground
Answer from Maria[guru]
Truffle (German Trüffel; lat. Tuber) is a genus of marsupial mushrooms with underground tuberous fleshy fruiting bodies from the order of truffles (Tuberales). They grow in forests as saprophytes or form mycorrhiza with tree roots. Some fruiting bodies in the cut in the drawing resemble marble. Few truffles are edible. The most valuable is French black, or Perigord, or winter truffle (Tuber brumale), very fragrant, black on the outside, warty, inside dark gray or reddish black with light veins. In Russia, one species is the summer truffle (Tuber aestivum).
The winter truffle is a delicacy. It grows in oak and beech groves, mainly in southern France and northern Italy, where it is of great industrial importance. It has the taste of mushroom with a hint of deep-roasted seeds or walnuts. Water, if you lower it and hold the truffle, acquires a taste soy sauce. Truffles, unlike champignons, have not been cultivated. Truffles are searched in wild groves with the help of specially trained search dogs and pigs, which have a phenomenally fine sense of smell. On your own, under the foliage, you can find a truffle by noticing midges swarming over it. The number of harvested truffles is declining year by year
truffles
The most expensive mushroom, "black diamond" - that's what they say about truffles. You don't hear that about every mushroom. Often, besides the fact that they are very expensive, we do not know anything about these mushrooms. So what is special, besides the cost, in such, at first glance, nondescript lumps? Let's learn about it from the article.
What does a truffle look like
Truffles belong to the section of marsupial mushrooms. All this is due to the fact that their spores are in the very body of the fungus.
A delicacy grows underground. For normal growth he needs to enter into symbiosis with the tree. The mushroom picker, as it were, envelops root system tree, so it better absorbs nutrients from the soil.
The truffle does not have a pronounced leg and cap, its body is tuberous. Visually, it is somewhat similar to potatoes. In size, these delicacies range from very tiny (the size of a nut) to larger ones (the size of an orange). Weight ranges from a few grams to a kilogram (but such giants are extremely rare). 
The skin, depending on the species, can be almost black or light (white truffles). The flesh also varies in color depending on the species, but in all mushrooms in the context it resembles a marble pattern. This product can be consumed raw.
Truffles
There are more than a hundred varieties of this mushroom, but we will consider the most common ones.
Black summer
Black summer, he is also black Russian, grows in deciduous or mixed forests under the roots of oak, beech or birch. The soil prefers with lime. Distributed in Central Europe, found on the coast of the Caucasus. The season for this mushroom is summer and early autumn. 
fruiting body in black summer it is tuberous or rounded, bluish or brown (closer to black) with black warts. The diameter reaches 10 cm.
pulp young mushroom quite dense, the older it is, the softer it is. The color of the flesh also changes with age from light to brownish. It tastes sweet with a nutty flavor. The smell is similar to the aroma of algae. Black summer is valued less than its relatives, although it is a delicacy.
Black winter
Winter truffle can be harvested from late autumn to March. It grows in Italy, Switzerland, in Western Ukraine and in the mountainous regions of Crimea.
The mushroom has a spherical shape up to 20 cm in diameter. The weight of an adult specimen can reach a kilogram or even more. 
Outside covered with numerous warts. The pulp with yellowish veins resembles a marble pattern. It is initially light, but over time it turns gray or even takes on a purple hue.
It has a strong musky smell. It is not valued as much as the rest of the "black" relatives.
Black Perigord (French)
The Perigord truffle takes its name from the historical region of Perigord in France. But it is also found in Italy (Umbria), Spain and Croatia. Harvesting season is from November to March.
The fruit body is tuberous in shape, up to 9 cm in diameter. The color of the young specimen is reddish-brown, the old one is black. The color of the pulp is gray or pinkish with time, from the appearance of spores it becomes dark brown or black, but light streaks remain. 
The aftertaste is bitter, and the smell resembles chocolate to some, and expensive alcohol to others.
This mushroom got its name from the territory in which it grows. The Himalayan truffle is a type of black winter truffle. The fruiting period is from mid-November to February.
The mushroom itself is quite small, only up to 5 cm in diameter. Its weight is no more than 50 g. 
The peel is dark with small growths. The pulp is elastic dark purple, almost black. Aroma with pronounced forest notes.
White Piedmontese (Italian)
It is most common in the Italian region of Piedmont and in the regions of France that border it. Most often grows in deciduous forests under oak, willow, poplar, occasionally under linden. The collection period is from the second decade of September to the end of January.
Tubers up to 12 cm in diameter. Weight - up to 300 g, but occasionally there are specimens up to 1 kg in weight. The surface is velvety, light orange or brown. 
The flesh is elastic, may be white or yellow-gray. The veins that form a marbled pattern are light or creamy brown.
The aroma of white truffle combines the smell of cheese and garlic.
Did you know? 50% of all truffles eaten in the world come from the French.
White Oregon (American)
This type of truffle can be found in the northwestern United States. Grows shallow in soil near coniferous trees. It is harvested from October to January.
The fruit body is up to 7 cm in diameter. The weight can reach 250 g. The peel is light brown, the flesh is golden brown with light veins. 
The aroma of this forest delicacy has herbal and floral notes.
Red
This mushroom grows throughout Europe and in the west of Russia (up to the Urals). Prefers soil near coniferous trees or oak. Fruiting from late spring to August.
Tuber diameter up to 4 cm. Weight rarely exceeds 80 g.
The color of the mushroom is red-brown. The flesh is quite dense, dirty pink or beige. 
The aroma contains notes of grass, wine and coconut.
Red brilliant is the "brother" of the red truffle. It is found in the forests of Europe and Russia, most often under oak.
The underground inhabitants themselves are very small - they do not exceed 4 cm in diameter. Weight - about 45 g.
The skin is beige or brown. The flesh is grayish or brown with white streaks. 
The smell of this specimen has wine-pear notes with a slight coconut fragrance.
Important! Deer truffle - the only inedible of all members of the genus.
Autumn (burgundy)
This species, like many others, got its name from the place of growth (Burgundy). Its ripening period is from June to October.
The mushroom has a rounded shape, not exceeding 8 cm in diameter. Weight reaches 300 g. 
As a type of black fungus, autumn burgundy has a dark, almost black skin. The flesh is light brown with light veins.
Autumn truffle has the smell of hazelnuts and chocolate, for which it is appreciated by gourmets.
Chinese (Asian)
This type of truffle grows in southwestern China. Prefers cohabitation with oak, chestnut and pine. Its growth period is from December to February.
Tuber diameter up to 10 cm. Weight can reach up to 500 g. The peel is dark, dense. The pulp is firm, dark color with gray veins. 
The aroma is pronounced only in a mature mushroom. There are cases when a truffle is artificially flavored to pass it off as Perigord.
Where and how does it grow
Truffles are earth dwellers. They grow underground at the roots of trees. Each species prefers a certain area and trees.
The geography of growth of these mushrooms is quite diverse. They can be found throughout Europe, in the warm corners of Russia, in northern Africa and in the west. North America.
Most prefer broad-leaved trees - oak, birch, beech, poplar, elm, linden. Some grow under cedar or pine.
The underground dweller loves a warm, mild climate, so in our latitudes it can be found in the forests of Western Ukraine, in the Crimea, in Russian forests to the Urals and the Caucasus, as well as in Belovezhskaya Pushcha and Gomel region of Belarus.
How to search
The delicacy grows underground and is not easy to find. But there are some signs that a truffle lurked underground: 
- the vegetation above the fungus is more sparse;
- the earth takes on a gray tint;
- red flies use the fruiting body to feed the larvae, so they swarm around "appetizing" places.
Important! In Europe, you need a license to "hunt" truffles..
Chemical composition
Truffle is a dietary product - only 24 kcal per 100 g (3 g - proteins, 0.5 g - fats, 2 g - carbohydrates).
These delicacy products contain vitamins C (6 mg), B1 (0.02 mg), B2 (0.4 mg), PP (9.49 mg). It also contains the following items:
- potassium;
- calcium;
- iron;
- sodium;
- copper.
Benefit and harm
The vitamins and minerals contained in these mushrooms have a positive effect on human health:
- have an antioxidant effect;
- help speed up recovery skin with cuts or diseases;
- prevent the development of malignant tumors in the large intestine;
- help maintain skin tone, reduce the appearance of wrinkles;
- favorably affect the microflora in the intestine.
These mushrooms cannot cause any harm to the human body, and the only contraindication to their use is individual intolerance to this product. Women should refrain from eating truffles during pregnancy and lactation, as well as preschool children.
How is it used in cooking
These mushrooms differ from other relatives in their special taste and aroma. The smell of these mushrooms may have nutty or herbal notes.
Truffle is used as an additive to sauces or as an aromatic spice, but most often this product is served raw, grated and added to the main dish. It is by coming into contact with other products that the aroma of truffles is revealed in full. 
The taste of this mushroom is similar to roasted nuts or seeds. It is inseparable from the aroma, gourmets sometimes say that they "eat the smell".
Why are truffles so expensive
The high cost of truffles is due to the fact that they are "extracted" very little. This mushroom does not grow in every forest and not even in every region. In addition, it is not so easy to find it, because it does not come to the surface. And the fact that it is a seasonal product completes its uniqueness.
Add to this a pleasant taste and breathtaking aroma - and here we get a rare expensive delicacy.
Did you know? The largest white truffle that was harvested weighed 1 kg 890 g.
By the way, the cost of a white truffle can reach 4,000 euros/kg. The larger it is, the more expensive. A black relative will cost from 1,500 to 2,500 dollars per kilogram.
It is believed that once you try this outlandish mushroom, its taste and aroma will forever remain in your memory. In addition to taste, this product is also very useful for the body. Gourmets advise: if you have the opportunity to taste this delicacy, do not miss it.
Mushrooms are a special type of plant organisms that combine some features of both plants and animals. Mushrooms are deprived of chlorophyll, are not able to independently absorb carbon dioxide from the air and therefore feed on ready-made organic compounds.
Biological and ecological diversity mushrooms are very large. This is one of the largest and most diverse groups of living organisms, which has become an integral part of all aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. According to modern estimates, there are from 100 to 250 thousand, and according to some estimates, up to 1.5 million species of fungi on Earth.
World forest mushrooms exceptionally rich and varied. There is a great variety of various shapes and colors. Among forest mushrooms there are those that look like outlandish flowers, bushes, bowls, and even a piece of dark red liver. Some have an unusually bizarre shape.
A fairly common mushroom in Australia. It has an unpleasant smell, somewhat reminiscent of rotten meat. With this smell, the mushroom attracts flies, which are distributors of spores of this type of fungus.
Calocera sticky (Calocera viscosa):
By appearance of this fungus, you might think that its habitat is the seabed. The fruit body is elongated, vertical, egg-colored with shades of ocher, sometimes slightly reddening. The sticky calocera reaches 5-6 cm in length and up to 1 cm in diameter. The fruiting bodies of the colony readily coalesce at the base and continue to grow in a small "bush". The fungus grows in large colonies, rarely singly, on the remains of rotten wood.
From the point of view of edibility, there are different opinions about sticky calocera, some sources consider it edible, but are silent about its possible processing, others do not mention it at all in the lists of edible mushrooms. However, the calocera did not get to the poisonous ones either. It is believed that due to its small size and rarity, the mushroom never got its place in the culinary series, and is considered inedible.
Clavaria pale brown (Clavaria zollingeri):
Widespread type of fungus. It has a tubular purple or pinkish-purple body that grows up to 10 cm high and 7 cm wide. Scientists have determined that there are about 1,200 species of clavaria that come in different shades, ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mostly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.
Clavaria grows singly or in groups, mainly in coniferous forests with oak, from late June to September, in moss, sometimes in open places. Fruiting bodies are formed in August-October. Clavaria is known in Australia, New Zealand, North America, South America, Europe and Asia. Listed rare species in Denmark, in the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region.
Coral mushroom (Clavulinopsis corallinorosacea):
Azure Mushroom (Entoloma hochstetteri):
It lives in the forests of New Zealand and India. These blue mushrooms can be poisonous, but their toxicity is poorly understood. It gets its distinctive blue color from the pigment azulin, found in the fruiting body, which is also found in some marine invertebrates.
Starfish four-bladed (Geastrum quadrifidum):
Refers to puffball mushrooms that can be found in various places and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after it emerges from the ground. Its "rays" bend down, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. Grows mostly on sandy soil in deciduous, mixed and coniferous-pine, spruce, pine-spruce and spruce-broad-leaved forests (among fallen needles). Considered inedible due to its bitter taste.
In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and according to belief, it predicts upcoming celestial phenomena.
Elastic blade (Helvella elastica):
Grows in moist, sparse, mostly deciduous forests, from July to late September, singly or in groups. The hat is two-lobed, saddle-shaped, light yellowish or grayish-brown, whitish or pink below, 1.5-4 cm wide and high. Leg up to 7 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, cylindrical, widened downwards, with small and shallow longitudinal grooves, whitish or brownish, smooth.
The elastic blade is conditionally edible. Used dried. In boiled form, it can be used only after boiling and removing the broth.
Bearded Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus):
This mushroom, which looks like noodles or pompon, is known by many names: lion's mane mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, hedgehog mushroom, etc. At first glance, it does not cause any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked, resembles seafood in color and texture.
Not only does it taste good, but it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant properties and lowering blood glucose levels.
Bleeding Mushroom (Hydnellum peckii):
A rather original mushroom that can be found on sandy soils in a coniferous forest. The surface of young fruiting bodies is velvety, white, with small tubercles, turning brown with age. On the upper surface of young specimens, drops of a blood-red liquid protrude. It grows in autumn on the ground in coniferous (spruce and pine) forests. Inedible due to strong bitter taste.
It can be called differently, but whatever name it is, it will certainly be associated with blood or juice. It can be found in North America, it is most common in the Pacific Northwest and grows mainly in coniferous forests.
Milky blue (Lactarius indigo):
A fairly common mushroom species that grows in eastern North America, East Asia And Central America. It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The cap of the mushroom has a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, a denim-blue color, a shape that changes over time from convex to funnel-shaped. In young mushrooms, the surface layer is sticky. The leg, having a height of 2 to 6 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm, is cylindrical, thick, denim-blue in color, a silver-gray tint may be present.
There is milky juice of denim-blue color, changing to green, caustic character. The mushroom is edible and sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China.
Mitinus canine (Mutinus caninus):
Mitinus canine, whose Latin name sounds like Mutinus caninus, comes from the Roman phallic deity Mutinus Mutunus, which means "like a dog." Interestingly, the dark top of the mitinus attracts insects and has a smell reminiscent of cat excrement.
It mainly grows large groups on wooden dust or in a deciduous heap, it can be found in summer and autumn in Europe and eastern North America. This type of mushroom is considered inedible.
Bird's Nest (Nidulariaceae):
The bird's nest is a fungus belonging to the mold group. The mushroom owes its name to its unusual appearance, resembling a bird's nest with tiny testicles. This form contributes to the favorable spread of spores: under the pressure of rainwater that has fallen into the nest, the fungus spits them out within a radius of a meter from itself, which allows it to occupy more and more new territories for reproduction.
The Bird's Nest grows mainly in New Zealand on rotting wood, small twigs of tree ferns, and sometimes on animal excrement.
Astringent panellus (Panellus stipticus):
Cap 2-4 cm in diameter, kidney-shaped, lateral, light brown, finely scaly or finely fluffy, with a hairy, slightly curved thin edge. The plates are narrow, frequent, the same color with a hat or darker. The pulp is thin, leathery, brownish. Leg 0.5-2 cm high, 0.2-0.6 cm wide, eccentric, thickened upwards, solid, of the same color as the hat, pubescent, then smooth.
It grows in large groups, growing together with the bases of the legs, on fallen trees and stumps. From April to November. European part Russia, North Caucasus, Siberia, Primorsky Territory. Inedible.
Rhodotus palmate (Rhodotus palmatus):
This fungus is the only member of the genus in the Physalacriaceae family. Not very common. It is found throughout the northern hemisphere: in the east of North America, in northern Africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe, it is included in many lists of species that are threatened with extinction. Grows on stumps and decaying wood.
Fruiting body of mature mushrooms - characteristic Pink colour with a mesh pattern on a thick hat. Size, shape and color vary depending on the lighting.
Trembling orange (Tremella mesenterica):
Consists of smooth, shiny and sinuous blades. In appearance, the blades are watery and shapeless, a bit reminiscent of the intestines. The fruit body is approximately 1-4 cm in height. The color of the fruit body varies from almost white to bright yellow or orange. Because of a large number spores located on the surface, the fungus appears whitish.
The pulp is gelatinous, but at the same time strong, has no smell.
Like all Tremblings, Tremella mesenterica tends to dry out, and after rain, it becomes the same again. Occurs from August to the end of autumn. Often the fungus persists in winter, forming fruiting bodies with the onset of spring. Grows on dead branches deciduous trees. If the conditions are favorable, then it bears fruit very abundantly. It grows both on the plains and on the mountains. In places with mild climate, can bear fruit the entire mushroom period.
The mushroom is edible, although tasteless, and even has some value, but not in our country. Our mushroom pickers have no idea how to collect this mushroom, how to carry it home and how to cook it so that it does not dissolve.
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