Even those who did not serve in the army have heard about the army order. You won’t surprise anyone with stories about soldiers marching all day, cleaning floors with a toothbrush, and sweeping the parade ground with a crowbar. Most people believe that these procedures are absolutely meaningless. Let's see why drill training is needed and whether it is worth using it in business.

What is drill training

Drill- this is the repeated repetition of the same orders with bringing their implementation to automatism. Now we will not delve into the army specifics of drill training. It is important for us to know that the essence of the drill is very simple - to teach a soldier to follow orders on automatism, that is.

Why combat training is needed

In fact, drill training is not a Russian invention. Its history goes back to the distant past, in those days when they began to form large army formations from forced people. The ancient warlords realized very quickly that it was possible to achieve effectiveness from people driven to fight against their will only through iron discipline. A soldier should not think, he should follow orders. And there shouldn't be any compromises.

What is business here

Any company sooner or later comes to the standardization of work processes. As a rule, this happens along with an increase in the number of employees. After the introduction of business processes, the company begins a constant struggle with its own staff, which is trying not to comply with the adopted regulations. In fact, these regulations are not implemented because the staff thinks too much, instead of just doing. If we add our Russian mentality to this, we get a wild mixture of sloppiness and irresponsibility. And there is only one way out, first to teach people to follow orders, then to teach them to carry out business processes, and then to accustom them to the values ​​of the company.

Perhaps many may think that this is harsh and cruel. Forcing people to do something against their will is inhumane. There are a lot of lovers of democratic tools such as, there are people who firmly believe in strength. But believe me, only the strength of executive discipline will help you achieve 100% fulfillment of the company's operational objectives.

Examples of drill training in business

Many companies may or may not deliberately drill their employees. Here it is important to adhere to some principles:

• All employees, including officers, must complete the Young Fighter Course (KMB). This means that any employee must go through all stages of career development and be able to do the work of their subordinates. And most importantly, the manager, if necessary, must be able to do the work of a subordinate and be ready to take his place.
• Performing simple work is necessary for a person to learn to follow the orders of command unconditionally and without hesitation. If a person is not ready to do a simple job, then he has no place in the company. I often had to observe how a candidate for the position of head of a department refused to work as salespeople for the first month. Personally, I immediately refuse such candidates, because I see no reason to take on such a position a person who is not ready to do the work of his subordinates.
• Without KMB, employees are not sent to combat conditions. Often, young employees are simply “plugged up holes”. This is fundamentally wrong and deadly for business. If there is an urgent need to “plug the hole”, then this should be done by the leader.
• Do not appoint external candidates to the positions of operational leaders (NCOs). This is a very important point. It is necessary that junior management be brought up in the company on their own. This will ensure that the values ​​of your company are preserved and that the continuity of generations is preserved.

I would like to note that large Western corporations build their branches on very similar principles. This helps to achieve good results. I would also like to note that one of the most common reasons for the ruin of a business in Russia is the weak discipline of the staff. I watched a picture of how an entrepreneur handed over a successfully operating business to the management of hired people, and they ruined it literally in a matter of months. Therefore, I recommend using drill training as one of the milestones building discipline in your company.

Drill training is one of the main subjects of training and education of military personnel. It is organized and conducted on the basis of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Drilling training includes:

• 1) single combat techniques without weapons and with weapons;
• 2) coordination of units during operations on foot and in vehicles;
• 3) drill reviews of units.

In the drill training classes, military personnel are instilled with accuracy, discipline and attentiveness, the ability to perform single drill techniques and actions as part of a unit is developed. The criterion for combat training of military personnel is military culture and discipline, readiness to act skillfully in the ranks and in battle.

The combat training of soldiers is improved in the classroom for tactical, fire, physical training and in other classes, during constructions, movements and in Everyday life.

Build and manage them

For the successful implementation of techniques and actions in the ranks of military personnel, it is necessary to have an idea about the ranks, know its elements, the order in which commands are executed, and the duties before the formation and in the ranks.

The system has the following elements:

• flank - the right (left) end of the system. When turning the formation, the names of the flanks do not change;
• front - the side of the formation in which the military personnel are facing (cars - with the frontal part);
• the back side of the formation is the side opposite to the front;
• interval - the distance along the front between servicemen (vehicles), subunits and units;
• distance - the distance in depth between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and units;
• line width - the distance between the flanks;
• depth of formation - the distance from the first line (a soldier standing in front) to the last line (behind a standing soldier), and when operating on vehicles - the distance from the first line of vehicles (in front of a standing vehicle) to the last line of vehicles (behind a standing vehicle).

Depending on the purpose, the formations are deployed and marching.

Deployed formation - a formation in which subunits are built on the same line along the front in a one-rank or two-rank formation (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the Charter or the commander. The deployed system is used for inspections, calculations, reviews, parades, and also in other necessary cases.

A rank (or a single-rank deployed formation) is a formation in which military personnel are placed one next to the other on the same line at established intervals.

A two-rank formation is a formation in which servicemen of one rank are located in the back of the head of a serviceman of another rank at a distance of one step (outstretched arm, palm placed on the shoulder of a standing serviceman). The ranks are called the first and second. When you turn the formation, the names of the ranks do not change.

Two servicemen, standing in a two-rank formation at the back of the head to one another, make up row. If a soldier of the second rank does not stand in the back of the head behind the soldier of the first rank, such a row is called incomplete. When turning the two-rank formation around, the serviceman of the incomplete row passes into the front standing rank.

Single-row and double-row systems can be closed or open.

IN close formation military personnel in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows.

IN open formation servicemen in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals of one step or at intervals indicated by the commander.

Marching formation - a formation in which a subunit is built in a column or subunits in columns are built one after another at distances established by the Charter or the commander. The marching formation is used for the movement of units during the march, the passage of a solemn march, with a song, as well as in other necessary cases.

A column is a formation in which servicemen are located at the back of each other's heads, and subunits (vehicles) are one after the other at distances established by the Charter or by the commander.

Columns can be one, two, three, four or more. Columns are used to build subunits and units in a deployed or marching formation.

A serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving head in the indicated direction is guiding(the rest of the servicemen (subdivisions, vehicles) coordinate their movement along the guide), and the serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving last in the column is called closing.

Formation control is carried out by commands and orders, which are given by the commander by voice, signals and personal example, as well as transmitted using technical and mobile means.

Commands and orders can be transmitted along the column through the commanders of subunits (senior vehicles) and designated observers.

Control in the car is carried out by commands and orders given by voice and with the help of internal communications.

The team is divided into preliminary and executive; commands can be and only executive.

Preliminary command is served clearly, loudly and drawlingly, so that those in the ranks understand what actions the commander requires of them. At any preliminary command, servicemen in the ranks take a combat stance, move to a combat stance while on the move, and out of formation turn towards the commander and take a combat stance.

When performing tricks with weapons in the preliminary command, if necessary, the name of the weapon is indicated. For example: "Automatic machines on - CHEST". "Machine guns on - re-MEN", etc.

Executive Team served after a pause, loudly, abruptly and clearly. On the executive command, its immediate and exact execution is carried out.

In order to attract the attention of a unit or an individual soldier, the name of the unit or the rank and surname of the soldier is called in the preliminary command, if necessary. For example: "Platoon (3rd platoon) - STOP." "Private Petrov, Kru-GOM."

To cancel or stop the execution of the reception, the command "STOP" is given. This command accepts the position that was before the reception was performed.

Each serviceman is obliged to firmly know, skillfully and conscientiously fulfill his duties before formation and in the ranks.

Before building, a soldier must:

• 1) check the serviceability of their weapons, weapons assigned to them and military equipment, ammunition, personal protective equipment, entrenching tools, uniforms and equipment;
• 2) carefully fill the uniform, put on and adjust the equipment correctly, help a friend eliminate the noticed shortcomings.

In the ranks, a soldier must:

• know your place, be able to quickly, without fuss, take it;
• in motion, maintain alignment, established interval and distance;
• comply with safety requirements;
• not to break down (machines) without permission;
• in the ranks without permission, do not talk or smoke;
• be attentive to the orders and commands of your commander, quickly and accurately carry them out without interfering with others;
• transmit orders, commands without distortion, loudly and clearly.

Questions and tasks

• 1. Tell us about the elements of the system.
• 2. What system is called deployed (marching)?
• 3. Define the terms "line", "row", "column".
• 4. How is the formation controlled?
• 5. What are the preliminary and executive teams for? What actions do military personnel perform on a preliminary (executive) command?
• 6. List the duties of a soldier before building and in the ranks.

DRILL

Structure is a synonym for such concepts as organization, order. That is why it was the system (combat training) that fell under the blow of criticism at one time. Let's recall the press and the statements of a number of figures from the pedagogy of the times of perestroika and the beginning of "democracy": "drilling", "militaryization of childhood", "leveling of personality".

The main educational task of drill training is to form and consolidate among the Yunarmiya members a respectful attitude to drill training as the most important traditional attribute of military service. This task should be solved not only in drill training classes. Rituals will also contribute to the active formation of a respectful attitude towards drill training. This rituals associated with carrying out and lifting State flag, The banner of your club, associations, during the solemn formations of the Youth Army on significant dates in the life of the country and the Armed Russian Federation, during the guard of honor at monuments, obelisks and memorial signs, formations before the start of classes at the club, during military sports games, when giving military honor to their leaders, instructors to military personnel, consultants of military sports games and to each other, in all cases, wearing the Yunarmiya uniform. The atmosphere of the solemn ceremony, paramilitary competition encourages the youth to master combat techniques and skills. Participation in the rituals will give rise to an emotional rise among the Yunarmiya members.

Drill - the subject is purely practical. The theoretical (verbal) element is mainly used to explain some concepts and the order of execution of combat techniques. The rest of the classes are conducted through demonstrations and training. The methodology for conducting such classes is based on the well-known principle "do as I do", when students exactly copy the execution of a drill by the leader.

Training is an important part of combat training. They have a strong educational impact on students. Repeated repetitions of a combat technique require perseverance, perseverance, and other strong-willed efforts in order to achieve its impeccable execution. It is recommended to introduce elements of the game, competitiveness, a kind of competition into training, which provides for mutual assistance and at the same time the desire to achieve a better performance than a friend’s.

The drill stance, as you know, is the main element of drill training, on which all others are based. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the adoption of a military stance becomes a habit of students in all classes, when communicating with each other, as well as when addressing the commanders of squads, platoons and the leader, the instructor. To do this, you need to carefully observe the behavior of students and each time delicately remind them of this. An example should be set by the platoon leader and squad leaders.

Drilling training includes not only single drill training, but also drill coordination of subunits (departments, detachments), in their joint actions. Drilling training contributes to the successful solution of the tasks of tactical training of subunits and to the improvement of their combat readiness. It is no coincidence, therefore, that the close relationship between the combat training of soldiers and their combat, tactical skill is expressed briefly, but filled with deep meaning rule: "Good in the ranks - strong in battle." The justice and wisdom of this rule have been confirmed by the experience of the Great Patriotic War, when excellent drill skills and high combat skills of the personnel made it possible for our subunits and units to carry out the most difficult combat missions with minimal losses and in a short time.

In the drill training classes, not only the primary skills of being in the ranks, drill bearing and youthfulness (beautiful posture and firm gait), dexterity and endurance are developed. Along with this, collectivism and comradely mutual assistance, a sense of unit coherence, discipline, neatness and smartness, speed of reaction, and the ability to convey one's will to a team of comrades are brought up. Since the creation of the Russian regular army by Peter I, the military system was considered the most important place for a soldier. Neither an officer nor a private had the right to behave arbitrarily in the ranks, and even more so to leave it without permission. When teaching military formation, it is necessary in peacetime to accustom soldiers not to rush anywhere and not to be late anywhere, because in wartime it will be too late to develop such a habit. This idea belongs to the famous Russian military theorist and teacher, General M.N. Dragomirov. It has not lost its significance even today.

In drill training, a special place is occupied by classes in which students master the techniques of giving a military salute. In these techniques, almost all the main elements of drill training are manifested; combat stance, combat step, turns, putting the hand to the headgear. This is not just a drill, but one of the types of military rituals, including the mutual greeting of military personnel at a meeting as an obligatory act of military courtesy, as well as an expression of respect and military honor historical monuments, memorials. In the ritual of a military greeting and the rendering of military honors, the observance by military personnel of military ethics, which refers to such a capacious concept as military honor, finds its expression. Military honor is a moral concept that characterizes the moral qualities and principles of a soldier (military team), his behavior and attitude towards the performance of military duty. Military honor also implies a respectful attitude of each soldier to his rank, position, duties and his comrades in military labor. Honor necessarily implies loyalty given word, which is an important criterion for the moral maturity of a warrior. Honor is always honesty before oneself and comrades in big and small. Military honor is organically associated with another category of military ethics - military duty.

When learning to perform drill techniques with weapons "on the belt", "on the chest", "behind the back" and others, the educational task is to form in them a respectful attitude towards their personal weapon - an automatic machine, a reliable and effective means of defeating the enemy in battle fire., butt and bayonet in hand-to-hand combat. Without this respect and love for weapons, it is impossible to learn how to properly perform combat techniques, and, consequently, to easily and skillfully use them in the ranks and in battle. As a rule, those guys who have not clearly and correctly learned to perform combat techniques with weapons, the machine gun, as it were, always interferes, becomes superfluous, and hinders their movements. Inept actions with weapons can lead to injury.

Drill training disciplines young men, develops diligence, composure, smartness, neatness and drill bearing, is important for preparing senior students of general education and vocational educational institutions for service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
All exercises in the aggregate must be performed by individual students with the same accuracy and the same effort (as if there was one student in front of the teacher).
Drilling is a subject of training for military personnel, the purpose of which is to develop their combat bearing, smartness and endurance, the ability to correctly and quickly execute commands, drill techniques with and without weapons, as well as preparing units for coordinated actions in various formations. Drilling training is organized and conducted on the basis of the Drilling Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The basis of drill training for students is single drill training, i.e. proper execution of drill techniques by each student.
In order to teach successfully, the teacher must constantly improve personal drill skills and methodological skills, carefully prepare himself and his assistants for each lesson, personally conduct an exemplary demonstration of drill techniques and actions, notice and correct mistakes made by students in a timely manner, and constantly improve drill skills in other classes. according to OBZH, using for this all constructions and movements.
At the first lesson, the teacher conducts a line calculation, students take places in the line depending on their height (ranking). In the future, all classes on life safety should begin with the formation of young men and examination of their appearance.
To conduct drill exercises, a carefully prepared construction site is necessary. It is better to conduct classes on an asphalt platform or path.

It is advisable to teach drill techniques and actions in the following sequence:
exemplary demonstration of the technique of performing the studied technique or action;
performance (learning) by students of the shown technique or action on the command of the teacher or independently;
training in quick and accurate execution of a technique (action);
checking the performance of the reception (action) by each student.
To get acquainted with the technique (action), the OBJ teacher shows it, tells where and for what purpose it is used, gives a command to perform the technique, exemplarily shows the execution technique in general and by divisions, and gives a brief explanation. The OBZh teacher should show all the techniques and actions in such a way that all students can see him well.
Simple techniques are learned as a whole, complex ones - by divisions, sometimes using preparatory exercises.
Training in the implementation of the technique includes its conscious repetition and consolidation until the students acquire strong skills. Train trainees first at a slow pace and then at a normal pace. Students can train in pairs, giving commands in turn. Mistakes made by individual students must be eliminated in the course of training, Special attention for the statutory performance of receptions.
Remarks should not be made to the entire formation, but to certain students. It is advisable to call a student who made a mistake when performing a technique and invite him to repeat the technique. If he once again makes a mistake when performing the technique, the life safety teacher must again tell and show the technique for performing the technique, and then achieve its conscious implementation.
To determine the degree of assimilation of the technique and the clarity of the implementation of the studied technique or action during the lesson, the OBJ teacher checks the execution on command. The life safety teacher must know and prevent typical mistakes when performing drill techniques and actions.
Each subsequent lesson builds on the previous one, reinforces it in conjunction with the techniques being studied and generally summarizes the content of the section "Fundamentals of combat training", is a basic component of the qualitative assimilation of the course of a young soldier in the army, because the programs used in the army are focused on that level of pre-conscription training, which should give general education and special educational establishments. This ensures continuity in the program requirements for preparing young people for military service and the successful training of a young soldier without spending extra time, which is very important when reducing the length of service.
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Drill

In the light of recent events that are taking place in our country, every conscious person should understand the importance of military service. After all, service in the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an honorable duty of every citizen.

Initial military training, which will take place in the lessons with OBZhD, will give students an initial understanding of military service. Therefore, the lessons of combat training come to the rank of important subjects of military training for schoolchildren.

At drill lessons, schoolchildren will learn to develop drill bearing and discipline, learn to perform various drill techniques and coordinated actions as part of a unit.

For schoolchildren, the presence of such a discipline as drill training is useful not only because students learn to master various drill techniques, but along with this, mutual assistance, discipline, endurance and dexterity are brought up in them. With the help of such lessons, schoolchildren acquire a sense of coherence and collectivism, the ability to come to the aid of friends, they develop speed of reaction, and also bring up neatness, discipline and smartness.

And now let's take a closer look at what drill training includes:

Firstly, the main goal of drill training at school is to develop drill bearing, accuracy, smartness and endurance in teenagers;
Secondly, to teach students the ability to quickly and correctly execute combat commands;
Thirdly, to master combat techniques with and without weapons;
Fourthly, to learn how to act in a coordinated way by units and in various formations.
Fifthly, schoolchildren must master the knowledge of basic combat terms and be able to distinguish between them.

Build and manage them

But before we start learning various techniques and coordinated actions in the ranks, first let's try to figure out what the ranks are and what elements they consist of. And also, in the beginning, one should have learned about the order in which the commands were executed, and what duties the students should bear before building, as well as in the ranks.

A system is such an arrangement of military personnel, units and units, which is prescribed by the charter for the performance of joint actions performed on foot or in cars.

The formation consists of such elements as: flank, front, interval, back of the front, as well as distance, width and depth of the formation.

Under such a concept as a flank, it is customary to mean the right or left end of the formation.

The front is the side of the formation to which the military personnel are facing. But the side opposite the front is called the back side of the system.

The distance along the front between military personnel, subunits or units is called the interval. And the distance in depth between them is considered a distance.

In the following image, we see how it is necessary to correctly observe the interval:

The width of the formation is the distance between the flanks. But the depth of the formation is the distance from the first line to the last, that is, from the soldier standing in front to the one standing behind.

This figure shows the right flank of the formation:

You should also be aware that, depending on the purpose, the formation can be deployed or marching.

The first type includes such a system in which the units are built along the front on the same line. The deployed system can be single-tier or double-tier. And, as a rule, the deployed system is used for various reviews, checks, parades, etc.

Now let's look closely at the picture. On it we see an example of a single-line system or just a line:

Now let's look at these types of tuning in more detail. A single rank deployed system is also called simply a rank. In the line, the military personnel stand in one line and adhering to a certain interval.

In a two-rank formation, soldiers are placed in two lines. That is, the soldiers of the second rank stand at a distance from the first rank at arm's length of the soldier in front. Also, it should be noted that in the case of a turn of the formation, the names of the ranks do not change, the first rank, as it was, remains the first and, accordingly, also the second.

In the following image, we can see an example of a two-legged formation:

In the event that two people stand in a two-rank formation, one to the other in the back of the head, then they make up a row.

But if the serviceman of the second rank does not stand in the back of the head of the first, then this row is called incomplete and when turning around in a two-row formation, the soldier standing in the incomplete row goes into the front rank.

In addition, the single-row and double-row system is divided into closed and open.

When building in a closed formation, the interval in the ranks between the military personnel should be equal to the width of the palm at the level of the elbows, while in an open formation such an interval along the front is equal to one step.

The following figure shows us what the distance should be:

In the case when the military personnel stand at the back of the head to each other, and in subdivisions one after the other at certain distances, which are prescribed by the charter, then such a system is called a column. Columns, as a rule, are used to build in a deployed or marching formation and can be, starting from one, two, three, etc.

And now let's figure out which system is called marching. This formation includes the one in which the unit is built in a column or several columns with a certain distance. Such a system is used for the movement of units, for example, for the passage of a solemn march and other cases.

You should also know that there is a leading and trailing soldier in the ranks. The first is the head in the indicated direction, and the rest of the servicemen direct the movement along it. Well, the closing one, respectively, carries out the movement last.

Responsibilities of military personnel before formation in the ranks

And now let's dwell on the duties that soldiers must unquestioningly perform before building:

Firstly, before building, each soldier is obliged to check his uniform and equipment, as well as the equipment assigned to him and check the serviceability of his weapons;
Second, take care of yourself. And this means that the uniform must be neatly tucked in, the equipment must be properly dressed and fitted in size, and appearance must comply with the requirements of the statute.
Thirdly, Without fuss, be ready to build and clearly know your place in the ranks;
Fourthly, while moving in formation, strictly observe the distance and intervals, maintain alignment and not fail without a command;
Fifth, being in the ranks, observe silence, discipline. Also, carefully listen to the orders and instructions of the commander and clearly follow them;
Sixth, all signals and commands should be transmitted loudly, clearly and without distortion.

Command execution

At drill lessons, schoolchildren will master such basic elements of drill training as a drill stance, step, turns, as well as military salute techniques.

Since the drill stance is one of the main elements of drill training, students must learn how to properly perform the drill stance, because it is the starting position for all subsequent drill commands.

Therefore, when taking a combat stance, the following points should be considered:

First, when taking a combat stance, the heels should be together, and the socks should be deployed to the width of the foot;
Secondly, without undue tension, the legs at the knees must be straightened;
Thirdly, the chest should be raised, the shoulders turned, and the body should be slightly forward;
Fourthly, the arms should be lowered, while the hands are located with the palms inward and should be located on the side and in the middle of the thigh;
Fifth, the head is slightly raised, and look straight ahead.

If schoolchildren are able to correctly master the combat stance, they will be able to easily perform other commands.

And now let's look at the mistakes that are most often made when performing a combat stance:

On lessons military training in that academic year schoolchildren will learn how to clearly carry out such combatant commands as “refuel”, “equal”, “attention”, “at ease”, “put aside” and others.

When starting to execute and process these commands, students should learn the following:

BASICS OF DRIVING TRAINING
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Drill training is an independent subject of training for military personnel in the combat training system and is organically included in many other training subjects, influencing the development of knowledge, skills, and psychological stability necessary for personnel in modern combat. Therefore, the guiding principles of pedagogy are the basis of drill training. High combat training of officers, ensigns and sergeants is of decisive importance in achieving success in combat training, in the ability to exemplarily carry out the techniques provided for by the Military Regulations and methodically correctly train subordinates. It is not enough for a commander to possess high methodological skills, good theoretical training and practical skills, it is important for him to be able to activate cognitive activity their subordinates, and this can be achieved by improving the quality of drill training, educating soldiers creative thinking and assistance in mastering the most rational methods in the course of training. The commander must constantly remember that the foundations of training are best laid from the first days of study. It was at this time that a certain order was developed and then turned into a habit in the study of combat techniques, as well as actions with weapons and equipment. It is known that the limits of human knowledge are relative, therefore it is necessary to ensure that subordinates are not embarrassed by today's ignorance (inability). After all, it is not the one who, not knowing, who seeks answers and knowledge, deserves blame, but the one who does not know, but pretends to know. Assimilation is understanding plus memorization, and mastery of knowledge is assimilation plus application of knowledge in practice. In teaching, it is very important to link the known with the unknown, theory with practice, establish the most effective forms and methods of drill training.
It is also very important that each combat lesson be carried out against the background of comparability of results with an increase in the spirit of competition. It creates prerequisites to the rapid assimilation of the studied material.
Each drill lesson should be a new step in improving the drill skills of subunits. The depth of the knowledge gained at the same time and the strength of the skills largely depend on the skillfully chosen methods of teaching and training carried out during the classes. Intensity, continuity of action with full effort - these are the requirements for military exercises today. Practice shows that high level drill training of military personnel can be achieved: purposeful and correct planning of drill training, clear organization and methodically correct conduct of all classes; conscious study and subsequent improvement of techniques by each serviceman in strict accordance with the requirements of the Combat Regulations; regular briefings, instructor-methodical, demonstrative and planned drill training; improving skills in drill training in all classes, during construction and movement in everyday life; independent training of military personnel in combat techniques; constant control and high demands on the part of commanders of all levels to the implementation of the provisions of the Combat Regulations by all military personnel.

Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
This Statute defines combat techniques and movement without weapons and with weapons; line up units and military units on foot and by car; the procedure for performing a military greeting, conducting a drill review; the position of the Battle Banner of a military unit in the ranks, the procedure for the joint removal and removal of the State Flag Russian Federation and the Battle Banner of the military unit; the duties of military personnel before formation and in the ranks and the requirements for their drill training, as well as the methods of movement of military personnel on the battlefield and actions in the event of a surprise attack by the enemy. The combat charter is guided by all military personnel of military units, ships, military authorities, enterprises, institutions, organizations and military educational institutions vocational education Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - military units).
The operation of the Charter applies to military personnel of other troops, military formations and bodies created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as citizens called up for military training.

GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. BUILD AND MANAGE THEM
1. Line - the placement of military personnel, subunits and military units established by the Charter for their joint actions on foot and in vehicles.
2. Rank - a system in which military personnel are placed one next to the other on the same line at established intervals.
Line of cars - a system in which cars are placed one next to the other on the same line.
3. Flank - the right (left) end of the system. When turning the formation, the names of the flanks do not change.
4. Front - the side of the formation, in which the military personnel are facing (cars - with the frontal part).
5. The back side of the formation is the side opposite the front.
6. Interval - the distance along the front between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and military units.
7. Distance - the distance in depth between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and military units.
8. Width of formation - the distance between the flanks.
9. Depth of formation - the distance from the first line (a soldier standing in front) to the last line (behind a standing soldier), and when operating on vehicles - the distance from the first line of vehicles (a vehicle standing in front) to the last line of vehicles (behind a standing vehicle).
10. Two-rank formation - a formation in which servicemen of one rank are located in the back of the head of a serviceman of another rank at a distance of one step (outstretched arm, palm placed on the shoulder of a standing serviceman). The ranks are called the first and second. When you turn the formation, the names of the ranks do not change.
A row - two servicemen standing in a two-rank formation at the back of the head one another. If a soldier of the second rank does not stand in the back of the head behind the soldier of the first rank, such a row is called incomplete.
When turning the two-rank formation around, the serviceman of the incomplete row passes into the front standing rank.
11. One-rank and two-rank systems can be closed or open.
In close formation, military personnel in ranks are located along the front from one another at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows.
In an open formation, servicemen in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals of one step or at intervals indicated by the commander.
12. Column - a system in which the military personnel are located at the back of the head to each other, and the units (vehicles) - one after the other at distances established by the Charter or the commander.
Columns can be one, two, three, four or more.
Columns are used to build subunits and military units in a deployed or marching formation.
13. Deployed formation - a formation in which subunits are built on the same line along the front in a single-rank or two-rank formation (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the Charter or the commander.
The deployed system, as a rule, is used for inspections, calculations, reviews, parades, and also in other necessary cases.
14. Marching formation - a formation in which a subunit is built in a column or subunits in columns are built one after the other at distances established by the Charter or the commander.
The marching formation is used for the movement of units during the march, the passage of a solemn march, with a song, as well as in other necessary cases.
15. Guide - a serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving head in the indicated direction. The rest of the military personnel (subdivisions, vehicles) coordinate their movement along the guide.
Trailing - a soldier (unit, car), moving last in the column.
16. The formation is controlled by commands and orders, which are given by the commander by voice, signals and personal example, and also transmitted using technical and mobile means.
Commands and orders can be transmitted along the column through the commanders of subunits (senior vehicles) and designated observers.
Management in the car is carried out by commands and orders given by voice and by means of intercom.
In the ranks, the senior commander is located where it is more convenient for him to command. The rest of the commanders give commands, remaining in the places established by the Charter or the senior commander.
The commanders of subunits from a company and above in the march formation of a battalion and regiment are allowed to go out of action only to issue commands and check their execution.
17. The team is divided into preliminary and executive; commands can be and only executive.
The preliminary command is given clearly, loudly and lingeringly, so that those in the ranks understand what actions the commander requires of them.
At any preliminary command, servicemen in the ranks take a combat stance, move to a combat stance while on the move, and out of formation turn towards the commander and take a combat stance.
When performing tricks with weapons in the preliminary command, if necessary, the name of the weapon is indicated.
For example: "Machine guns on - CHEST". "Machine guns on re-MEN", etc.
The executive command (printed in large print in the Charter) is given after a pause, loudly, abruptly and clearly. On the executive command, its immediate and exact execution is carried out.
In order to attract the attention of a unit or an individual serviceman, the name of the unit or the rank and surname of the serviceman is called in the preliminary command, if necessary.
For example: "Platoon (3rd platoon) - STOP". "Private Petrov, circle GOM."
When giving commands, the voice should be commensurate with the width and depth of the system, and the report should be pronounced clearly, without a sharp increase in voice.
18. Signals for the control of the formation and signals for the control of the machine are specified in appendices 3 and 4 to this Charter.
If necessary, the commander can assign additional signals to control the formation.
19. Commands relating to all units are accepted and immediately executed by all unit commanders and commanders (senior) of vehicles.
When a command is transmitted by a signal, the "ATTENTION" signal is preliminarily given, and if the command refers to only one of the units, then a signal indicating the number of this unit is given.
Readiness to accept a command by a signal is also indicated by the signal "ATTENTION".
Receipt of a signal is confirmed by repeating it or by giving an appropriate signal to your unit.
20. To cancel or terminate the execution of the reception, the command "STOP" is given. This command accepts the position that was before the reception was performed.
21. During training, it is allowed to perform the drill techniques specified in the Charter and move through divisions, as well as with the help of preparatory exercises.
For example: "Assault rifle on the chest, according to divisions: do - ONE, do - TWO, do - THREE." "To the right, along the divisions: do - ONE, do - TWO."
22. When forming national teams, they are drilled into units.
For calculation, military personnel line up in a single-rank or two-rank system and are calculated according to the general numbering, as indicated in Art. 85 of this Charter. After that, depending on the size of the team, a calculation is made sequentially for companies, platoons and squads, and the commanders of these subunits are appointed.
To participate in parades, as well as in other cases, a unit, by order of the commander, may form a common column of three, four or more. In this case, the construction is carried out, as a rule, by growth.
23. The construction of units is carried out by the command "STAND", before which the order of construction is indicated.
For example: "Squad, in one line - STAND".
On this command, the serviceman must quickly take his place in the ranks, dial the established interval and distance, and take a combat stance.
24. When submitting commands for subdivisions of military branches and special forces, instead of the names "detachment", "platoon", "company", "battalion" and "regiment", the names of subunits and military units adopted in the military branches and in special forces branches of the Armed Forces.

drill stand
27. The combat stance (fig.) is accepted by the command "STAND" or "QUIETLY". At this command, stand straight, without tension, put the heels together, align the socks along the front line, placing them on the width of the foot; straighten the legs at the knees, but do not strain; lift the chest, and the whole body slightly forward; pick up the stomach; expand shoulders; lower your hands so that the hands, palms facing inward, are on the side and in the middle of the thighs, and the fingers are half-bent and touch the thigh; keep your head high and straight, without exposing your chin; look straight ahead; be ready for immediate action.
A combat stance on the spot is accepted even without a command: when giving and receiving an order, during a report, during execution national anthem Russian Federation, when performing a military salute, as well as when issuing commands.
28. At the command "WILL" become free, weaken the right knee or left leg, but do not leave the place, do not relax your attention and do not talk.
At the command "REFILL", without leaving your place in the ranks, fix your weapons, uniforms and equipment. If you need to get out of order, ask your immediate supervisor for permission.
Before the command "REFUEL", the command "LONG" is given.
29. To remove headgear, the command "Headwear (headwear) - REMOVE", and for putting on - "Headwear (headwear) - PUT ON". If necessary, single military personnel take off their hats and put them on without a command.
The removed headdress is held in the left freely lowered hand with a cockade forward (Fig. 2).
Without a weapon or with a weapon in the "behind the back" position, the headgear is removed and put on right hand, and with weapons in the positions "on the belt", "on the chest" and "at the foot" - left. When removing the headgear with a carbine in the "shoulder" position, the carbine is first taken to the leg.

Turns in place
30. Turns on the spot are performed according to the commands: "Direct-IN", "Half-turn right-IN", "Nale-IN", "Half-turn left-IN", "Kru-GOM".
Turns in a circle (for 1/2 circle), to the left (for 1/4 circle), half a turn to the left (for 1/8 circle) are made towards the left hand on the left heel and on the right toe; to the right and half a turn to the right - towards the right hand on the right heel and on the left toe. Turns are performed in two steps: the first step is to turn around, maintaining the correct position of the body, and, without bending the legs at the knees, transfer the weight of the body to the front leg;
the second technique is to put the other leg in the shortest way.

Movement
31. Movement is done by walking or running.
Movement in steps is carried out at a pace of 110-120 steps per minute. Step size - 70-80 cm.
Running is carried out at a pace of 165-180 steps per minute. Step size - 85-90 cm.
The step is drill and marching.
The drill step is used when passing units in a solemn march; when they perform a military greeting on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in drill training.
The marching step is applied in all other cases.
32. Movement in marching step begins at the command "Command step - MARCH" (in the movement "Commander - MARCH"), and movement in marching step - on the command "Step - MARCH".

On a preliminary command, move the body forward a little, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot with a full step.
When moving with a drill step (Fig. 3), take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground and place it firmly on the entire foot.
With hands, starting from the shoulder, make movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body, and the elbow is at the level of the hand; back - to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers are bent, keep the head straight, look in front of you.
When moving with a marching step, take the leg out freely, without pulling the toe, and put it on the ground, as in normal walking; hands to make free movements around the body.
When moving at a marching step, at the command "AT ATTENTION", go to a combat step. When moving with a marching step, on the command "FREE", go at a marching step.
33. Running movement begins at the command "Running - MARCH".
When moving from a place on a preliminary command, the body is slightly forward, the arms are half-bent, moving the elbows slightly back; on the executive command, start running with the left foot, make free movements with your hands back and forth in time with the run.
To move from step to run, on a preliminary command, half-bend your arms, pulling your elbows back a little. The executive command is given simultaneously with the setting of the left foot on the ground. On this command, take a step with your right foot and start running with your left foot.
To switch from running to step, the command "Step - MARCH" is given. The executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take two more steps running and start walking with your left foot.

34. The designation of a step in place is made by the command "In place, step - MARCH" (in motion - "IN PLACE").
According to this command, the step is indicated by raising and lowering the legs, while raising the leg 15-20 cm from the ground and placing it on the entire foot, starting from the toe; make movements with your hands to the beat of the step (Fig. 4). On the command "STRAIGHT", given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step. In this case, the first three steps should be drill.
35. A command is given to stop the movement.
For example: "Private Petrov - STOP."
According to the executive command, given simultaneously with the placement of the right or left foot on the ground, take one more step and, putting the foot down, take a combat stance.
36. To change the speed of movement, the following commands are given: "WIDE STEP", "SHORT STEP", "MORE STEP", "LESS STEP", "HALF STEP", "FULL STEP".
37. To move single soldiers a few steps to the side, a command is given.
For example: "Private Petrov. Two steps to the right (left), one step - MARCH."
On this command, take two steps to the right (left), placing a foot after each step.
A command is given to move forward or backward a few steps.
For example: "Two steps forward (backward), one step - MARCH."
On this command, take two steps forward (back) and put your foot.
When moving to the right, left and back, the movement of the hands is not performed.

Turns in motion
38. Turns in motion are performed according to the commands: "Direct-IN", "Half-turn right-IN", "Nale-IN", "Half-turn left-IN", "Round - MARCH".
To turn right, half a turn to the right (left, half a turn to the left), the executive command is given simultaneously with the right (left) foot on the ground. On this command, take a step from the left (right) foot, turn on the toe of the left (right) foot, simultaneously with the turn, take the right (left) foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.
To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take one more step with the left foot (on a count of times), take the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left and, turning sharply towards the left hand on the toes of both legs (on a count of two), continue to move from the left foot in a new direction (for a count of three).
When turning, the movement of the hands is made to the beat of the step.
The drill step is one of the most complex and difficult to learn drill techniques, the implementation of which requires trainees to be especially collected, smart, precise, coordinated movement of arms and legs.
The drill step is used when subunits pass through a solemn march, when they salute on the move, when a serviceman approaches and leaves his commander, when he breaks down and returns to duty, as well as in drill exercises.
The sequence of learning to move with a marching step is recommended as follows:
- training in the movement of hands;
- training in the designation of a step on the spot;
- training in motion with a front step for four counts;
- training in movement with a drill step for two counts;
- training in motion with a drill step at a slow pace (50-60 steps per minute);
- training in motion with a drill step at a statutory pace (110-120 steps per minute) according to the marking of the drill site;
- general training in marching along the parade ground without marking;
- receiving invoices.
Having told about the use of the combat step, the commander proceeds to learn it with the squad. Learning to move with a marching step, like everyone else new trick, you should start with an exemplary demonstration and explanation. It is recommended to learn the drill step by elements, using preparatory exercises for this. Having shown the movement with a drill step as a whole, the squad leader shows the first preparatory exercise in divisions - the movement of the arms, and then gives the command "Movement of the arms, do it - ONE, do it - TWO." According to the "do - ONCE" count, the soldiers must bend their right arm at the elbow, moving it from the shoulder near the body so that the hand rises above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and is at a palm's distance from the body; simultaneously left hand pull back to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers should be bent, and the elbow of the right hand should be slightly raised. According to the "do - TWO" count, the trainees must move the left hand forward, and the right hand, starting from the shoulder, back to failure. After each count, the commander holds the position of the trainees' hands and corrects their mistakes. If the reception is incorrectly performed by the majority of the soldiers of the squad, he gives the command "STOP", and if only one soldier makes mistakes, he gives the command, for example, "Private Ivanov - STOP". After learning the preparatory exercise for the hands in divisions at the command of the commander, you can proceed to training at the expense of the soldiers themselves or under the drum.
To complicate this exercise, the designation of a step in place is subsequently added to it (Fig. 7).

After mastering the correct position of the hands, the squad leader proceeds to study the next preparatory exercise-movement with a drill step in divisions into four and two counts.
Having shown the preparatory exercise for divisions into four counts, the commander opens the squad for four steps and, turning it to the right, commands: "Combat step, by divisions into four counts, step - MARCH": "ONE, two, three, four: ONE, two , three, four", etc. The count of "times" is pronounced loudly. On the preliminary command "Step", the soldiers of the squad move the body forward somewhat, transferring the weight of the body more to the right leg and maintaining a stable position (Fig. 8, a). According to the executive command "March" and according to the count "one", they start moving from the left foot, with a full step, bringing the leg forward with the toe extended (while the foot should be parallel to the ground) to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground (Fig. 8, b), and put it firmly on the entire foot, at the same time lifting the right leg off the ground with pulling it half a step forward to the heel of the left leg (Fig. 8, c). Simultaneously with the step, the trainees move their right hand forward, and the left back to failure (as indicated in the first preparatory exercise) and stand on their left foot with their hands down, their right leg straight, with their toes almost at the very ground. According to the account "two, three, four" they make an excerpt.

On the next count, “one”, the movement is repeated, but from the right foot, and on the count of “two, three, four”, exposure is again, etc. After practicing the preparatory exercise for four counts, the squad leader repeats the same movement for two counts, for which gives the command "Combat step, by division into two counts, step - MARCH" and counts: "One, two: one, two", etc. Under the count of "one" a step forward is performed, under the count of "two" - excerpt . If the soldiers of the squad make mistakes, the exercise should be repeated again for four counts. Then the squad leader begins to learn to move with a drill step at a pace of 50-60 steps per minute, followed by an increase in the rate of movement to 110-120 steps per minute. To correct mistakes, it is recommended to move from the full pace of movement with a marching step to movement in divisions into four or two counts. During the training of the department in the performance of the technique as a whole, it is necessary to strictly maintain the pace of movement of 110-120 steps per minute. The squad leader, being in the center of the construction site, gives commands. If he notices common mistake, then stops the department, turns it to face him and, having shown how to do it, continues the training. If only one soldier makes a gross mistake, the squad leader takes him a step to the side, stands next to him and corrects the mistake on the go. Training by divisions and in general can be carried out on commands and at the expense of the commander, independently at the expense of trainees, as well as under the drum. When learning to move with a marching step, it is necessary to ensure that the soldiers do not sway from side to side when moving. The reason for the swing is the incorrect positioning of the legs during movement: instead of placing the legs with the inner part of the feet along the axis of movement, they put them to the sides, while the center of gravity of the body shifts either to the right or to the left with each step. If a soldier seems to bounce while moving with a marching step, he needs to point out his mistake and demand that he transfer the weight of the body from foot to foot evenly, and not jerkily. It is impossible to allow skidding of one leg after the other when moving. After eliminating all the shortcomings, they move on to training the movement with a drill step in the ranks of the squad (platoon).
At the end of the training in marching movement, the squad leader accepts a credit from each trainee.
Before studying turns in motion, it is advisable to work out the movement in steps and running, changing the speed of movement, stopping movement. Normal walking speed is 110-120 steps per minute, step size is 70-80 cm. Normal running speed is 165-180 steps per minute, step size is 85-90 cm.
To start running, the command "Run - MARCH" is given. When starting to run from a place, the trainee, on a preliminary command, should slightly move the body forward, half-bend his arms, take his elbows back a little, and, on the executive command, start running from his left foot, making free movements of his hands forward and backward to the beat of running. Running training begins with showing and mastering his technique at a slow pace. Demonstrating the running technique, the commander pays attention to the position of the body and the movement of the arms, the push with the foot, bringing it forward and placing it on the ground. After the show, trainees, at the command of the commander, run in a column one at a time around the construction site, keeping a distance of four steps. The commander, being in the center, observes their run, monitoring the correct execution of individual elements, pointing out errors and seeking to eliminate them. To move from step to run, on a preliminary command, the arms must be half-bent, moving the elbows slightly back. The executive command is given by the commander at the same time as the soldier puts his left foot on the ground. On this command, he takes another step with his right foot and starts running at normal speed with his left foot. To switch from running to step, the command "Step - MARCH" is given. The executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. At this command, you need to take two more steps running and, with your left foot on the ground, start moving in steps. If it is necessary to move from stepping (running) to stepping (running) on ​​the spot, the command "ON THE PLACE" is given abruptly and clearly. The commander in front of the formation shows a step in place as a whole and by division with an explanation: a step in place is indicated by raising and lowering the legs; the leg must be raised 15-20 cm from the ground and placed on the ground from the front of the foot to the entire track; hands to move to the beat of the step. After that, he starts teaching. Learning to step on the spot is done by splitting into two counts on the command: "Step designation on the spot, by splits, do - ONE, do - TWO." According to the "do - ONCE" count, raise the left leg, while moving with the right hand so that its hand rises above the buckle of the waist belt to the width of the palm and to the distance of the width of the palm from the body, and pull the left arm back to failure in the shoulder joint. According to the account "do - TWO", put the left foot on the ground from the front of the foot to the entire track. Lower your arms, hands on the side and in the middle of the hips. By repeating the command, the described positions of the right and left legs (arms) are alternately worked out. In this case, special attention is paid to the position of the hands and the observance of the combat stance. If the trainee makes mistakes while performing the techniques, then the training should be continued until the noted shortcomings are eliminated. Training is carried out on the command "On the spot step - MARCH". When moving from a step in place to a step, the command "DIRECT" is given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground. At this command, the trainee takes another step in place and begins to move with his left foot at a full pace. On the command "On the spot run - MARCH" the trainee performs a run on the spot, putting his feet on the front of the foot and moving his hands to the beat of the run. On the command “Straight”, given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground while running, it is necessary to take another step with the right foot while running in place and start moving forward with the left foot. Having shown the technique of walking and running, moving from step to run and vice versa, talking about it and explaining the requirements of the Combat Regulations for their implementation, the commander begins to train the learned techniques and actions. After making sure that the majority of trainees have correctly mastered the technique of walking and running, the commander, pointing out the shortcomings to individual trainees, sets the task of eliminating them during extracurricular time, and he himself proceeds to explain and demonstrate the implementation of methods for changing the speed of movement. To change the speed of movement, the following commands are given: "WIDER STEP", "SHORT STEP", "FORTER STEP", "RE-SAME". "HALF STEP", FULL STEP". To take a few steps to the side in the ranks on the spot, a command is given, for example: "Two steps to the right (left), step - MARCH"; while putting the foot after each step. To move forward or back a few steps, a command is given, for example: "Two steps forward (backward), one step - MARCH". At this command, they take two steps forward (backward) and put their foot forward. When moving to the right, left and back, no movement of the arms is made. For to stop the movement, commands are given, for example: "Squad - STOP", "Private Petrov - STOP". According to the executive command given simultaneously with placing the right or left foot on the ground, one more step must be taken and, putting the foot down, take the position "Attention" .