In early January, at a meeting in the Ministry of Defense, the head of the military department, Sergei Shoigu, instructed to prepare a draft of a new State Armaments Program for 2018-2025 by July. Special attention According to the minister, this program should focus on the creation of a promising strategic missile system, which is being made at the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant, where Shoigu has already flown more than once, personally controlling the process. Moreover, the minister demanded that reports on this project be heard in the military department daily, until the work was included in the approved schedule. What kind of complex this is, the creation of which is given such increased attention, the minister did not specify at the meeting. However, it was clear to everyone that we are talking about the heavy intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) "Sarmat", which should replace the famous "Satan". Why do we need a new heavy ICBM This story was told to me by the ex-head of the military security department of the Security Council apparatus, chief of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces (1994-1996), Colonel General Viktor Yesin: - In 1997 - then I first visited the United States as part of a delegation from Russia - we traveled with Americans on the bus in San Francisco, chatting, joking ... Suddenly, through the window, I saw a lighthouse and I said: "Oh, this lighthouse is very familiar to me." “Where did you come from,” the Americans ask, “are you in California for the first time?” “You forgot that I was involved in nuclear planning, and this beacon was the aiming point for our missiles. Next to him you have a fault here earth's crust. If you hit him, then half of California will immediately slide into the ocean "...
The bus became quiet. Nobody joked anymore. All the Americans traveling with us lived in San Francisco, and in the event of such an attack, their city, along with their homes and families, would also be buried by the ocean ... Later, intercontinental ballistic missiles R-36ORB (orbital), which could circle the globe and hit California lighthouse were destroyed under the SALT-1 Treaty - the world became safer for a while. But when the United States again confronted Russia with the fact of deploying its global missile defense system, including in Europe, directly at our borders, it became clear that this supposedly “protection system” against some mythical Iranian or North Korean threat really pursues the goal of leveling the Russian nuclear potential. Moreover, the deployment of a global missile defense system will allow the country that owns this system to be the first to strike at strategic, including nuclear, targets of its potential adversary under the pretext of preempting its attack. In fact, the creation of a global missile defense system enables the United States to implement an offensive military doctrine. Protection in this situation can be either the deployment of a similar missile defense system, which is very expensive, or the creation of a retaliatory strike weapon capable of providing guaranteed retribution to the aggressor in any case. It is much less costly economic sense and more effective in the military. It was this step that was chosen by Russia as a response to the deployment of US missile defense. The creation of a new heavy complex, which would fundamentally solve the problem of strategic containment of the United States, was also important because any equipment, including nuclear carriers, tends to age. Until recently, the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces was the R-36M “Voevoda” (aka “Satan”) carriers, which no missile defense was able to intercept. "Satan" carried ten powerful warheads to the target, simultaneously releasing thousands of false ones, creating an absolutely hopeless situation for the enemy's missile defense system. These still Soviet ICBMs were made in the city of Dnepropetrovsk, in Ukraine. After the collapse of the USSR, their maintenance and extension of terms became too problematic, and in the light of recent political events, even impossible. That is why, with the gradual decommissioning of the Strategic Missile Forces "Satan", the creation of a similar heavy nuclear carrier has become especially relevant. What is already known about "Sarmat"
Sarmatians (translated from the ancient Greek "lizard-eyed", lat. sarmatae) - common name Iranian-speaking nomadic tribes inhabiting the vast territories between the rivers Tobol (Kostanay region of Kazakhstan, Kurgan and Tyumen regions of the Russian Federation) and the Danube. So far, there is not much information about the Sarmat missile - work is being carried out in secrecy. However, something is gradually becoming known to specialists and the media, although these data sometimes look rather contradictory. The following approximate characteristics of the future rocket are called: - in terms of weight, the Sarmat is planned to be two times lighter than the old Satan - about 100 tons, but at the same time, in terms of combat characteristics, the Sarmat will have monstrous strength, sharply surpassing the parameters of the Satan »; - the missile will be equipped with additional means of overcoming US missile defense - a hypersonic maneuvering warhead, which in the West is called the Yu-71; - "Sarmat" uses liquid fuel and in flight will be able to overcome more than 11 thousand km, while carrying combat equipment weighing 4350 kg; - most likely the new missile "Sarmat" will have two stages; - According to Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov, "Sarmat" will not have restrictions in the direction combat use. That is, one of the central ideas of the Sarmat ICBM is the revival of the concept of "orbital bombardment", implemented earlier in Soviet rocket R-36ORB, which is an excellent means of overcoming missile defense, allowing you to attack targets in the United States along a variety of trajectories, including through the South Pole, bypassing deployed missile defense systems. This will require the United States to create a "circular missile defense system", which is significantly more expensive than the individual batteries currently deployed THAAD on the normal flight path of Russian siloed ICBM warheads.
Creation and testing of a new rocket
Work on the heavy ICBM project began in 2009. For two years, the designers of the Makeev State Missile Center (Miass, Chelyabinsk Region) conjured over the rocket. They did not take the path of modernizing the well-known "Satan", choosing the more difficult path of creating a completely new product with unique combat characteristics. True, in order to reduce the cost of creating a rocket, as well as speed up the time it was put into service, the developers suggested using it as much as possible in the design " Sarmat” already tested components and elements from other serial missiles, which was quite justified and gave the desired effect. For example, according to some information, Sarmat uses an upgraded version of the Russian RD-264 engine, which has already been tested in practice for the R-36M, and therefore the tests of the propulsion system were quick and successful. Just two years after the start of work on the project, the developers were already able to start flight tests of the product. True, the first launches, which took place in the fall of 2011, were unsuccessful, which, however, is quite natural. But a year later, the rocket flew. And on October 25, 2016, residents of villages located near the Kura test site witnessed a successful test of a hypersonic warhead and even managed to film its plasma trail while it maneuvered in the atmosphere along an unpredictable trajectory. But officially none detailed information tests were not made public. The launches were carried out from the site of one of the military units, from the mine (Orenburg region, area of ​​​​the village of Dombrovsky), where the Voevoda rocket was previously stationed. The flight of both the missile and its warheads took place along a "closed track", which seriously complicated the tracking of tests by means of US telemetry control. Fuel efficiency
Sarmat is a rocket that will use liquid fuel. This criterion initially caused a lot of controversy. Opponents of this idea insisted that a liquid-propellant rocket is out of date, that more modern technologies are used for solid-propellant rockets, and besides, they are more convenient to maintain. The Americans abandoned liquid rockets a long time ago. But the designers from the Makeyev State Research Center, which is one of the recognized rocket centers that has specialized in the creation of liquid rockets since Soviet times, defended their positions. The fact is that the largest part of the weight of any ICBM falls on the fuel in its stages. According to this criterion, all launch vehicles are conditionally divided into three types: - light, weighing up to 50 tons; - medium, weighing from 51 to 100 tons; - heavy, up to 200 tons in weight. The fuel parameters of an ICBM directly affect its range: the more fuel in the rocket, the farther it flies. Opponents of heavy liquid rockets have always argued that the low weight of the rocket is its advantage. Such ICBMs do not need large mines, because of their relatively small size they are easier to transport and maintain. Solid-propellant missiles have a shorter (two to four times) active part of the trajectory, which is very important for overcoming enemy missile defense. In addition, due to the use of solid fuel, the service life of such a rocket is significantly increased, which means that it is cheaper for the budget. rocket fuel heptyl is more toxic, for example, than hydrocyanic acid). However, with all the advantages of a solid rocket, there is one significant drawback that can cover all its advantages: the energy efficiency of solid fuel is lower than that of liquid fuel.
And this means that a liquid-propellant rocket is capable of carrying a significantly larger number of warheads, including a larger set of decoys, and therefore a liquid-propellant rocket has an advantage over a solid-fuel rocket in terms of protection from missile defense in the ballistic and, most importantly, final sections due to a larger set of quasi-heavy decoys , which are a big problem for the missile defense system, since it simply does not have time to recognize and distinguish them from real ones. In addition, the following fact was also important specifically for Russia: from 2000 to 2009, our Strategic Missile Forces were reduced from 756 ICBMs with 3540 warheads to 367 ICBMs with 1248 warheads, i.e. twice for missiles and three times for warheads. This happened due to the fact that all these years the Strategic Missile Forces received exclusively solid-propellant monobloc ICBMs, and mainly liquid multi-charge missiles were removed from service. This failure could only be compensated for by the creation of a new heavy multi-charged ICBM, which was supposed to become liquid. The warhead of the new ICBM The design of the new missile contains many unique technical solutions, one of which, judging by the information received from the military, was the warhead. According to Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov, the Sarmat ICBM will be equipped with maneuvering warheads. In this regard, a number of experts believe that if we are talking specifically about warheads maneuvering in the atmosphere, then warheads are in some way the completion of the innovative Albatross atmospheric flight control project, which began to be developed for the R-36 in 1987. The Albatross project included a proposal for a guided warhead, which should have been able to maneuver to evade anti-missiles. The block fixed the launch of the enemy's anti-missile, changed the flight path and evaded it. Such a missile system, which has enhanced capabilities to overcome a layered missile defense system, was conceived as an asymmetric response of the USSR to the deployment of the US SDI program (strategic defense initiative). The new missile was supposed to receive maneuvering, gliding (winged) warheads with hypersonic speed, which could perform maneuvers with a range of up to 1000 km in azimuth when entering the atmosphere at speeds of the order of 5.8-7.5 km / s or Mach 17-22 . In 1991, it was planned to start testing the complex, and in 1993 to begin its mass production, but after the collapse of the USSR, these plans were never implemented. And now, apparently, the Sarmat designers, going in the same direction, were able to make significant progress in creating a warhead moving in hypersonic mode and at the same time maintaining a high maneuvering speed. According to some reports, the Sarmat, like the Satan, will have at least 10 individual guidance units. Only in the new missile will they combine the qualities of the two most different types weapons: cruise and hypersonic missiles, which until now was technically considered incompatible, since cruise missiles with a flat trajectory could not fly very quickly. In any case, American missiles cannot withstand such regimes, as a result switching to supersonic, which allows Russian funds PRO-air defense "catch" them. The Americans are generally very concerned about the incoming information regarding the work on the Sarmat project. According to their military experts, Yu-71 high-precision hypersonic warheads for the first time can fundamentally change the strategy and tactics of using ICBMs. According to American analysts, the Yu-71 could enable the use of Russian and Soviet ICBMs in local wars according to the strategy of "global strike", with the defeat of strategic objects by the kinetic energy of the warhead without the use of a nuclear explosion. Hypersonic maneuvering warheads, due to maneuvering, can hit moving targets and, when they are developed into anti-ship weapons, they pose the main threat to US large ships, as they are able to hit them, despite the most advanced missile defense systems.
Basing missiles "Sarmat"
It is clear that the enemy, who planned to launch a nuclear strike first, would like to destroy the missiles that pose such a serious threat immediately, already in initial phase war, so as not to receive a retaliatory strike on their own strategic objects. That is why the mines where the Sarmat missiles will be located - and they will be placed in the same place where the old heavy liquid rockets RS-18 and RS-20 were previously based - will be seriously modernized. They are planned to be equipped with multi-level protection: active - missile defense systems, and passive - fortifications. According to experts, in order to guarantee the destruction of the Sarmat missile, the enemy would have to inflict at least seven accurate nuclear strikes on the area where the missile silo is based, which is almost impossible with the new multi-level protection.

Testing an aeroballistic warhead for a new Russian missile"Sarmat" showed that soon Russia will become the only country in the world capable of destroying any target anywhere in the world within half an hour, without using nuclear weapons ...

Moscow was the first to realize what Washington had dreamed of for many years. The heavy intercontinental missile RS-28 "Sarmat", which the Kremlin plans to put into service over the next two years, mixed up all the cards for American generals. Indeed, in the non-nuclear version, it is the same weapon of "instant global strike" with which the United States has long frightened the whole world. However, in reality, the "creative managers" from Washington were unable to create a missile with desired characteristics range, speed, accuracy and reliability. But the "dense Russians" for their blow - they created! Now it has ceased to be a secret, the whole world has learned that such weapons are already in the hands of Moscow. And by the way: in the version with nuclear equipment, "Sarmat", even one missile is enough to inflict unacceptable damage on the United States!

Speed, accuracy, invulnerability

Today, a lot is said and written about military "hypersound" in the media, but for the most part we have a poor idea of ​​what it is. To put it simply, without abstruse scientific terms, "hypersound" is the ability of any material object - an aircraft or a rocket, for example, to maneuver in the atmosphere at a speed not less than five times the speed of sound (the so-called Mach number equal to 331 m/s). In the military field, this has long been available to intercontinental ballistic missiles that fly at a speed of as much as Mach 25, but they reach it only in space, in airless space, at altitudes where there is no air resistance and, accordingly, the possibility of aerodynamic maneuvering and flight control.

Military aircraft today can be effectively used only at altitudes up to 20, at most 25 kilometers. spacecraft- at an altitude of at least 140 kilometers (low orbit parameters). The interval of heights is from 20-25 to 140-150 km. is not available for military use. But it is precisely this range of altitudes - available exclusively for hypersonic aircraft - that is fantastically promising in terms of combat effectiveness.

Why is hypersound so important to the military? The answer is simple. It consists of just three words: speed, accuracy, invulnerability. Hypersonic missiles flying at high speed are capable of hitting any target on the globe within an hour. And - thanks to its ability to maneuver, correct the course throughout the flight - to hit with the highest accuracy, literally up to a meter. At the same time, they move in the atmosphere, in a plasma cloud, and therefore remain as secretive as possible and absolutely inaccessible to any missile defense system. Many times surpassing, thus, in terms of the effectiveness of combat use, all existing types of weapons, including thermonuclear munitions.

Hypersonic flight is indistinguishable not only for modern radar equipment. In the foreseeable future, the creation of means to intercept such missiles is not even foreseen. It is not in vain, apparently, that Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, commenting on the prospects for creating hypersonic vehicles, said that in terms of importance and influence on strategy armed struggle this breakthrough can be compared, perhaps, only with the creation of the atomic bomb.

The appearance of serial samples of hypersonic weapons will make a real revolution in military affairs. The first one who manages to massively put such aircraft into service with his army will receive, in fact, an absolute weapon capable of solving any strategic objectives as soon as possible and minimal cost. For example - quickly, inevitably and with impunity to destroy the military-political leadership of any country, its infrastructure government controlled, key military and economic facilities. Simply put, instantly decapitate any opponent, paralyzing his ability to resist and retaliate.

The fact that the United States is actively conducting a large-scale development of fundamentally new means of aerospace attack, which can radically change the course and outcome of hostilities during aerospace operations, has long been no secret to us. As early as December 8, 2014, Pavel Sozinov, General Designer of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern, warned that the Americans were striving “at the turn of 2020 to switch to the use of a fundamentally new class of weapons in terms of delivering high-precision warheads to the target. First of all, we are talking about the development of hypersonic maneuverable elements in the combat load of ballistic missiles - both in nuclear and in conventional versions."

But the Americans, despite all their efforts, failed to build even an experimental prototype of such a weapon. But Russian scientists, designers and engineers, despite the scarcity of resources and all the difficulties of our current life, managed to create not just a prototype, but a full-fledged model, ready for adoption and mass production, thus leaving the arrogant Pentagon in the cold!

This seems to be understood now even in America itself. Recently, Mike Rogers, chairman of the Strategic Action Subcommittee of the US Congressional Armed Services Committee, told the Washington Times, "I'm very concerned that Russia is well ahead of the US in developing rapid global strike capabilities." Recognition, of course, belated. Well, oh well, what is there: better late than never ...

Deadly and impregnable

For the outside world, the victory of Russian hypersound went almost unnoticed at first. On April 21, 2016, the Russian media sparingly reported: “In the Orenburg region, to test a hypersonic aircraft ballistic missile RS-18 was launched. The tests were considered successful." Then clarifications followed: the launch was carried out from the Dombarovsky training ground, and a hypersonic warhead for a new-generation Sarmat heavy intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) was tested on the serial RS-18B Stiletto missile.

In fact, this message means that a real revolution has taken place in equipping our Strategic Missile Forces. I repeat for those who have doubts: the nuclear equipment of one such missile is enough to guarantee unacceptable damage to the United States. And in the non-nuclear version, the Sarmat will become a real superweapon, combining the colossal speed of ICBMs with the precision of guidance of the most modern cruise missiles.

The fact is that for warheads of ICBMs - even the most modern ones - the circular probable deviation (that is, the radius of the circle into which the block hits with a probability of 50%) is 220-250 m. And the radius of the circle where the warhead hits with a probability of 99 % and even three times more. But the maneuvering hypersonic warhead "Sarmat" can be guaranteed to aim at the target with an accuracy of several meters!

At the same time, Sarmat will be able to attack its target even through the South Pole, that is, from the direction in which the Americans do not have a stationary missile defense infrastructure. And his so-called. "flat trajectory" will increase the length of the controlled flight of warheads. This, in turn, means that such an important indicator of combat effectiveness as the “area of ​​the warhead disengagement zone”, that is, the distance between different targets that one missile can attack with its charges, will also increase.

The new Russian missile will be based in a stationary mine, but this, contrary to a widespread misconception, does not at all make it less tenacious than, for example, the mobile Topoli or Yarsy. For an example, suffice it to say that the mine launchers (silos) of the predecessor of the Sarmat, heavy ICBM"Voevoda", remain combat-ready, even if they find themselves inside the fiery hemisphere of a nearby nuclear explosion. Even if they find themselves in the zone of soil heap from a funnel from such an explosion up to 2 meters thick.

Their overprotected shaft can only be guaranteed to be destroyed if it is inside the explosion crater. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the most modern ICBMs is such that in order to guarantee the destruction of our mine with a probability of 99.8%, this funnel must be at least 750-840 meters in radius! But to form a funnel of this radius, you need a very powerful warhead - much more powerful than those currently on most American missiles.

In addition, there is also KAZ - a complex for active protection of silos against incoming warheads of enemy missiles. The peculiarity of KAZ is that air targets are hit by metal arrows and balls with a diameter of 30 mm at a height of up to 6 km. These arrows and balls are fired at a huge initial speed (up to 2 km / s.) And create a real iron cloud over the protected object. Suffice it to say that one volley contains up to 40 thousand striking elements. So KAZ can be considered a kind of "anti-missile artillery" of short range.

The first such complexes, developed back in the early 90s, were called "Mozyr". At the Kamchatka Kura training ground, they were tested not even on mock-ups, but on a real warhead of the Voevoda missile, launched specifically for testing, and the target was hit in full accordance with the calculations. The only drawback of KAZ is the small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe protected zone. This makes it impossible to use it to protect large objects, but it protects point targets such as silos quite reliably.

Voyevoda's heir

Yes, the RS-28 "Sarmat" is undoubtedly a revolutionary missile in its capabilities. But, of course, it didn't come out of nowhere. The Soviet Union was also working on the possibility of equipping warheads of its ICBMs with individual engines for maneuvering in space and special aerodynamic surfaces for planning in the atmosphere in the final section of the trajectory. For the first time, this technology was successfully applied on the warheads of the R-36M2 Voyevoda missile, which were put into service in 1990 and received the code 15F178.

In fact, each such block already then combined the properties of an unmanned spacecraft and a hypersonic aircraft. All its actions, both in space and during flight in the atmosphere, this device performed autonomously, independently determining the optimal parameters of movement.

Inside the Voevoda's split warhead there is a very complex unit (it is called a "breeding platform"), which, after the ICBM warhead is out of the atmosphere, begins to perform a number of programmed actions for individual targeting and separation of warheads located on it.

As a result, in outer space line up battle formations from real nuclear charges and decoys, which are also initially on the platform. In the head of the "Voevoda", for example, out of fourteen "seats" only ten are occupied by warheads, and four - by cassettes with numerous imitators and traps designed to deceive enemy radars. And while these radars are trying to figure out where the real target is and where the false one is, each warhead of the "Voevoda" is freely displayed on a trajectory that ensures it hits a given point on the Earth's surface.

After separation from the breeding platform, the blocks begin to live their own separate, independent lives. Each of them is equipped with engines for maneuvering in outer space and aerodynamic control surfaces for controlling flight in the atmosphere. In addition, each has an inertial control system, several computing devices, a radar and many other high-tech equipment on board ...

The first model of this weapon, made back in 1972, was very bulky - almost five meters long. But by 1984, a draft design of a warhead suitable for installation on a rocket was ready. The block had the shape of a sharp cone about two meters high, and its aiming at the target was carried out as follows. Before entering the upper atmosphere, the onboard computer calculated the actual location of the block using radar. Then, before entering the atmosphere, the locator antenna fired back. In the atmospheric section of the movement, the warhead performed a series of active maneuvers with extremely high overloads for only a few seconds, which made it invulnerable to any missile defense system.

The first launch under the program of state tests of such a block for Voyevoda was carried out in April 1988. Over the next year and a half, six launches were made - all, as one, were successful. As a result, the missile system with a maneuvering warhead 15F178 was adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces by a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 23, 1990. But after the collapse of the USSR, the installation of new blocks on rockets was stopped, and further work on this super-promising product was closed ...

But we warned you...

After ten long years, Putin, having come to power, resumed such developments. The same technology as that of the Voevoda - only, of course, already improved, with expanded combat capabilities - was used on new missiles: first on the Topol M ICBM, and then on the Yars and Bulava.

For the first time, Putin said this out loud in the spring of 2004, after the large-scale exercises of the Russian armed forces held in northern Russia. Foreign and Russian media then zealously mocked the Russian army, weakened and disorganized during the years of Yeltsin's "reforms". And at that moment, Putin, who, as a rule, is very cautious in his public assessments and judgments, suddenly broke the news to the whole world. Moreover, he specifically stressed that every word in his statement "is important."

He said: “In these exercises, experiments and some tests were carried out ... Soon the Russian armed forces will receive combat complexes, capable of operating at intercontinental distances, with hypersonic speed, with great accuracy, with a wide maneuver in height and direction of impact. These complexes will make any type of anti-missile defense, existing or prospective, unpromising.

In November of the same 2004, Putin again, speaking at a meeting of the leadership of the Armed Forces, said that in the near future unique, unparalleled strategic missiles would appear in Russia: “We are not only conducting research and missile tests of the latest missile and nuclear systems. I'm sure they will be in service soon. Moreover, these will be developments that other nuclear states do not have and will not have in the coming years. We understand that as soon as we reduce attention to such components of our defense as a nuclear missile shield, we will have new threats. Therefore, we will continue to persistently and consistently build the Armed Forces as a whole, including its nuclear component.”

And in 2006, the Russian media reported: "Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov reported to President Vladimir Putin on the successful testing of a fundamentally new warhead for domestic ballistic missiles. We are talking about a warhead that is capable of maneuvering independently, avoiding any missile defense systems. It is important that that the new warhead is unified, that is, it is adapted for installation on both Bulava naval missiles and Topol-M land-based missiles. Moreover, one missile will be capable of carrying up to six such warheads.

This means that, compared with the warheads of the Soviet "Voevoda", the new Russian hypersonic warheads have significantly improved and expanded the maneuvering parameters, while reducing their weight and size characteristics. Simply put, their maneuver has become more energetic and wider, and their size and weight have become smaller.

At Sarmat, of course, everything will be even cooler. Due to the fact that this ICBM does not fly along a classical ballistic trajectory, but along a flat trajectory, its approach time to the target is reduced, and hypersonic maneuvering warheads will fly in the atmosphere much longer, which, in turn, will increase their combat maneuvering capabilities.

But the main thing is that the new warhead for the Sarmat (the Americans call it Yu-71, our media - "Object 4202") seems to be controlled throughout its entire flight path. And if this is so, if Russian scientists, designers and engineers really managed to solve the most difficult problem of remote control of a warhead flying in the atmosphere, in a plasma cloud and at an enormous speed, then the accuracy of its guidance can be brought to a value comparable to the accuracy of Glonass or GPS , that is, up to several meters!

With such accuracy, not only a nuclear, but even a conventional charge is needed. The warhead can be purely kinetic - that is, a simple blank without any hint of the presence of an explosive. With the weight of such a blank, say, one ton - and the Sarmat will be able to carry up to ten (!) tons of payload - and at the colossal speed at which this blank collides with the ground, the effect will be similar to the explosion of many hundreds of tons of TNT and is guaranteed to destroy any target - areal or buried, protected by a multi-meter layer of reinforced concrete!

All this means that after the deployment of the Sarmats, Moscow, even without the use of nuclear weapons, will receive unique opportunity: destroy any target on the globe with known coordinates within 30-40 minutes!

Three nuclear death scenarios

In nuclear equipment the main task"Sarmata" - guaranteed infliction of "unacceptable damage" to the United States the minimum amount missiles.

Back in the early 1960s, then US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara introduced the concept of "assured destruction of the enemy." Assured destruction, according to the McNamara criterion, meant the infliction nuclear strike, in which from a quarter to a third of the population will die and two-thirds of the industrial potential of the enemy country will be destroyed.

For guaranteed destruction of the USSR, McNamara considered it sufficient to blow up on its territory four hundred thermonuclear charges with a capacity of one megaton each. And the US Committee on Strategic Assessments stated that the "murder of a nation" in America can be ensured by the delivery of "only" one hundred megaton rockets to its territory.

Then Washington came up with the concept of the so-called "irreparable damage to the enemy." American strategists defined irreparable damage as "the destruction of such a percentage of the population and economically important objects that will lead to the fact that the enemy state will no longer be able to function." This effect could be achieved already with significantly smaller forces than the 400 megaton rockets required for the guaranteed destruction of the Soviet Union.

After the collapse of the USSR, another concept was born in the Pentagon - the concept of "unacceptable damage". This is damage that is less than irreparable, but at the same time it can be guaranteed to "stop the enemy from any hostile actions." It is precisely this view of Washington on the sufficiency of its strategic potential that is now the basis of the nuclear "deterrence of Moscow." True, so far no one has been able to explain what exactly should be understood by this mysterious term. After all, the range in which the damage is assessed as "unacceptable" is very wide. Here, as they say, to each his own. "Unacceptable" can be called the consequences of a massive nuclear strike, and the damage from the detonation of even a single nuclear warhead on enemy territory.

Be that as it may, in the days of McNamara, in the era cold war, the US population and all their infrastructure were much better prepared for a possible Russian nuclear strike than they are today. All experts unanimously argue that now the threshold of unacceptable damage to America is much lower than it was 20-30 years ago. Which, in general, is not surprising: the more complex the state and financial and economic infrastructure of the country, the easier it is to cause mortal harm to its delicate organism.

So, in the case of using our heavy missiles R-36M2 "Voevoda", (not to mention the "Sarmat") for guaranteed destruction of the United States according to the McNamara formula, a dozen missiles may be enough. And even one single one is enough to cause unacceptable damage!

To prove this, it is enough to make the most rough and approximate calculation. I apologize in advance to readers for this cannibalistic arithmetic, but it is necessary so that we can at least approximately imagine the combat power of our heavy ICBMs and understand why the Americans called our "Voevoda" - "Satan"!

Algorithm of total death

Today, in the United States, a third of the country's total population lives in three giant megalopolises: the Northeast (the so-called Bos-Vash, from Boston to Washington, where at least 50 million people live); Lakeside, around the Great Lakes (Chi-Pits, from Chicago to Pittsburgh, at least 35 million people); and California ("San-San", from San Francisco to San Diego, at least 20 million people). The zones of these megalopolises are relatively small. Their total area is about 400 thousand square meters. km., but it produces more than half of US GDP!

So: to destroy these regions with all their infrastructure, 10-12 missiles of the "Voevoda" type are enough. And we have about five dozen such missiles in service today. And neither the current nor even the future American missile defense systems can intercept them!

So let's count together. In accordance with American data, during the explosion of a nuclear warhead with a capacity of one megaton, in a zone with a radius of up to 10 kilometers, the proportion of the affected population (i.e. killed and wounded immediately, not counting those who later die from radiation, thirst, epidemics, lack of medical care etc.) is 50%. The zone of fires, blockages and destruction of civilian infrastructure will spread to the same range. Thus, in accordance with the formula, 314 sq. km. This means that one missile carrying 10 warheads can cover 3140 square meters. km., and ten - 31,400 sq. km. This is an area of ​​almost continuous destruction.

If in a similar way to calculate the area in which at least 25% of the population will be affected in one way or another immediately after the explosion, then it will increase to 56,000 square meters. km. And this is almost 15% of the entire territory of megalopolises. Given that the aiming points for warheads of our ICBMs are the most important infrastructure facilities: centers of state, administrative and financial and economic management, industrial zones, life support facilities for the population, etc., it can be assumed that such infrastructure will be completely destroyed. Washington and New York, Chicago and Philadelphia, Los Angeles and San Francisco will turn into steam…

But in addition to the blast wave and light radiation, which are main reason almost instantaneous destruction and rapid loss of life, nuclear explosion It also has other damaging factors - a powerful electromagnetic pulse that disables all electronics, as well as penetrating radiation and radioactive contamination of the area. Given this, within, say, a month after a nuclear strike throughout the territory of American megalopolises, the probability of total death of the population is high.

The rest of the United States will also suffer terrible damage. The network of centralized government will simply disappear. The food supply system of cities where 82% of Americans live will collapse. Everyone will survive as best they can, which will inevitably end in general chaos and a total war of "all against all." With more than 270 million firearms in the hands of the US population today, this could lead to casualties almost more than from a nuclear strike ...

Thus, for "killing the nation" and "assured destruction of the United States", even in accordance with the terrible criterion of McNamara, 10-12 missiles of the "Voevoda" type may well be enough. After all, each of them is capable of delivering to America either one "heavy" thermonuclear charge with a capacity of twenty (!) Megatons, or ten "light" maneuvering warheads with a capacity of at least 750 kilotons each ...

Needless to say, in order to inflict “unacceptable” damage on the current pampered and overweight America, even one missile of this type will be more than enough. What can we say about the even more deadly "Sarmat" ... Merciful God, do not let us, sinful madmen, bring things to the realization of these terrible scenarios!

Conclusions:

Moscow regained its undisputed leadership in the field of strategic nuclear weapons. From now on, any attempt by the United States, NATO or any other state (alliance of states) to gain a qualitative military superiority over the Kremlin is doomed to inevitable failure. A military victory over Russia again, as in the days of the USSR, has become absolutely impossible!

In achieving such a result, the personal merit of President Putin is obvious and indisputable. It is he, as head of state and Supreme Commander bears full responsibility for the defense of the country. It was he, in this capacity, who led the complex and multifaceted work to revive the Russian military-industrial complex, the entire military infrastructure of Russia and the combat power of its Armed Forces.

The presence of the best strategic nuclear deterrence forces in the world, combined with mobile and professional general-purpose forces that proved their effectiveness during the Syrian war, allows Russia in the short term to secure the constructive role of a Eurasian superpower, the role of the main geopolitical counterbalance to US imperial hegemonism and liberal democratic Satanism of Eurosodom.

All this, taken together, can already in the foreseeable future turn our country into a universally recognized leader of the world resistance to God-fighting globalization, the main defender of the traditional spiritual, religious, moral and historical values ​​of all the peoples of the Earth in the face of the global aggression of the God-fighting West.

DATA FOR 2019 (standard replenishment)
RDS-6
RDS-6t
RDS-6s / item 501-6

The world's first combat thermonuclear charge / thermonuclear bomb. KB-11 was developed (now - VNIIEF, Sarov), heads of theoretical development sectors - Ya.B. Zeldovich (RDS-6t) and A.D. Sakharov (RDS-6s), chief designer and scientific supervisor of KB-11 - Yu.B.Khariton.

In 1945, I.V. Kurchatov, through intelligence channels, received information about research on the thermonuclear problem being conducted in the United States, which had begun in 1942 on the initiative of Edward Teller. His ideas were discussed with the leading participants of the "Manhattan Project" and developed into a holistic concept by the end of 1945. According to this concept, the hydrogen bomb was called the "Classic Super" (or simply Super). On the instructions of I.V. Kurchatov in December 1945, a group of Soviet physicists led by Yu.B. thermonuclear weapons. On December 17, 1945, Ya.B. Zel'dovich reported on the results of this work to the technical council under the Special Committee. Further, a group from the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Ya.B. Zeldovich, A.S. Kompaneets and S.P. Dyakov) began to study one of the possible options for the development of a thermonuclear reaction. This option (RDS-6t, "pipe") was chosen based on intelligence data. The incoming information about the "superbomb" could not but cause serious concern among the leadership of the USSR ( ist. - Veselovsky).

Since 1946, the group of Ya.B. Zel'dovich (A.S. Kompaneets and S.P. Dyakov) from the Institute of Chemical Physics carried out calculations of thermonuclear detonation of deuterium. On April 23, 1948, L.P. Beria instructed B.L. Vannikov, I.V. Kurchatov and Yu.B. Khariton to analyze intelligence materials on the Fuchs-von Neumann system transmitted by Klaus Fuchs. The conclusion on the materials was presented on May 5, 1948. By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of June 10, 1948, the creation of atomic bombs, RDS-4, RDS-5 and hydrogen bomb RDS-6 ( ist. - Andryushin). On February 8, 1948, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On the work of KB-11” was adopted, which provided for the assignment of Ya.B. Zeldovich to the “object”. The appearance of information from K. Fuchs forced these works to be accelerated ( ist. - Veselovsky).

Based on the expertise of B. L. Vannikov, I. V. Kurchatov and Yu. at the Physical Institute. P.N. Lebedev of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a group of theorists was created under the leadership of I.E. Tamm, which included A.D. Sakharov, V.L. Ginzburg, Yu.A. Romanov, S.Z. Belenky and E.S. Fradkin ( ist. - Veselovsky). In the autumn of 1948 A.D. Sakharov, independently of Edward Teller, came up with the idea of ​​a heterogeneous scheme with alternating layers of deuterium and U-238 ("puff"). The underlying principle of ionization compression of thermonuclear fuel is called “saccharization” (“first idea”). At the end of 1948, VL Ginzburg suggested using lithium deutiride 6 as a thermonuclear fuel (the "second idea"). By order of B.L. Vannikova on May 8, 1949, Yu.B. Khariton prepared a conclusion, noting that the main idea of ​​A.D. Sakharov’s proposal was “extremely witty and physically illustrative” and supported the work on the “sloika” ( ).

On February 26, 1950, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 827-303ss / op "On the work on the creation of RDS-6" was issued ( ist. - Goncharov G.A...). Which obliged the First Main Directorate (PGU), Laboratory No. 2 of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and KB-11 to carry out theoretical, experimental and design work to create the RDS-6s (“Sloika”) and RDS-6t (“Pipe”) products. First of all, an RDS-6s product with a TNT equivalent of 1 million tons and a mass of up to 5 tons was to be created. The decree provided for the use of tritium not only in the RDS-6t design, but also in the RDS-6s design. The production date for the 1st copy of the RDS-6s product was set - 1954. Yu.B. Khariton, his deputies I.E. Tamm (RDS-6s) and Ya.B. Zeldovich (RDS-6t). In terms of the RDS-6s, the decree obliged to produce by May 1, 1952, a model of the RDS-6s product with a small amount of tritium and conduct a field test of this model in June 1952 to verify and refine the theoretical and experimental foundations of the RDS-6s. By October 1952, proposals for the design of a full-scale RDS-6s product were to be submitted. The resolution ordered the creation of a theoretical calculation group in KB-11 for work on RDS-6s under the leadership of I.E. Tamm ( ist. - Andryushin I.A., Ilkaev R.I ....).

On the same day, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 828-304 “On the organization of tritium production” was issued. Soon, the Decrees of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the organization of the production of lithium-6 deuteride and the construction of a specialized reactor for the production of tritium were adopted ( ist. - Andryushin I.A., Ilkaev R.I ....).

“We are rocket troops, any goal is close to us!” - sang rocket strategists back in Soviet times. And in these stanzas there was no particular exaggeration: the missiles really flew over a long distance and had a huge destruction power, especially with nuclear warheads. You can’t throw out the words from the song, even after the lapse of time. Soon writes weekly "Zvezda", the new Sarmat missile system will be in service with the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, capable of lifting and launching warheads that reach speeds of more than 11 thousand kilometers per hour. No rocket in the world has such a speed yet. Deadly "stuffing" Russian President Vladimir Putin publicly announced the completion of tests of a new missile system with a heavy intercontinental ballistic missile "Sarmat" in a message Federal Assembly March 1 this year. And already at a recent solemn reception in the Kremlin in honor of graduates of military universities, the president, mentioning the Avangard intercontinental-range missiles, which are already beginning to enter service, assured that Sarmat is on the way next year. This missile system will replace the formidable "Voevoda", nicknamed "Satan" in the West (according to NATO classification - SS-18 Mod. 1.2.3 Satan). Here again, it is appropriate to recall the words from the song: "How the rocket works - you don't need to know about it , and about how that rocket is controlled. This business is familiar to us, this business is perfectly known to those who are entitled to it in their service. From what is known today: RS-28 "Sarmat" is a Russian promising ground-based silo-based missile system with a heavy liquid-propellant ICBM capable of carrying nuclear charges. Developed since the 2000s by the specialists of JSC "State Rocket Center named after V.P. Makeev" in the city of Miass Chelyabinsk region. Named after the Sarmatians, whose nomadic tribes inhabited the territories in the 6th-4th centuries BC modern Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The missile itself is a "blank", a carrier of ammunition, capable of having a short active flight segment in a weight of 200 tons, which makes it difficult to intercept it by means of anti-missile defense. You can “throw” it both through the North and through the South Pole to an unlimited range. But the main surprise is its deadly "stuffing". We are talking about hypersonic warheads, known under the code Yu-71. At maximum altitude, the Yu-71 reaches a speed of 15 Max (these are the same 11-12 thousand kilometers per hour). In this case, the warhead flies along a very complex trajectory, which, according to the laws of physics, should reduce the speed of the object. According to experts, Yu-71, raised to a height of 100 kilometers, then flies at a speed of five to seven kilometers per second. Detailed information on the progress of work related to hypersonic weapons, is classified. "Product 4202" does not even dare to be called a rocket - it is lightning from heaven, which is almost impossible to stop. Formidable weapon The head of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, who threatened to "show Kuz'kin's mother to America," had in mind a thermonuclear aerial bomb AN602 (aka Tsar Bomba), the most powerful ammunition in the world at that time. Received with " light hand» Nikita Sergeevich, the name “Kuzka’s mother”, the bomb, or rather its mock-up, is stored in the nuclear weapons museum in the city of Sarov, where the Russian Federal Nuclear Center (RFNC VNIIEF) is located. An impressive thing in its dimensions, probably, such a thing could then scare the United States. But if we compare it with the Sarmat missile, the length of which exceeds 30 meters, and the weight is over 200 tons (not every museum will fit), and the combat compartment with warheads is capable of lifting more than 10 tons of “cargo” to a given height, then “Kuzkina’s mother " Against its background, it looks like just a child. Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke about its capabilities without undue pathos: "Sarmat is a very formidable weapon. By virtue of its characteristics, no, even promising missile defense systems, are a hindrance to it.”
Completely Russian development There is another detail that is cast not in metal, but in politics. Until 1991, the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (OKB-586) in Dnepropetrovsk in Ukraine was the developer and manufacturer of heavy liquid ICBMs of the R-36 family. For well-known reasons, all contacts in the defense industry with this country have now been terminated, and, naturally, there is no talk of any deliveries, even components. In Russia, until recently, the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, which specialized in on solid propellant ICBMs. Therefore, the creation of a new heavy liquid rocket was entrusted to the Makeev GRTs (SKB-385) in Miass, which deals, among other things, with ballistic missiles for submarines. many specialized enterprises of the military-industrial complex of our country. For example, the engine developer for the Sarmat was NPO Energomash named after academician V.P. Glushko from Khimki near Moscow (the engine from the Voevoda rocket was taken as the basis for the development). Their production is carried out at PJSC Proton-PM in Perm. Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant (as part of Makeev's GRTs holding) became the head enterprise for the production of Sarmat ICBMs.
Everywhere will come in handy Where the test launches of the new missile are carried out is not known for certain. From open sources, you can get information that the Sarmatians, ready for entry into service by the end of 2018, will be replaced on combat duty by the Voyevoda. Whether this will be so, the military leaders will decide. One thing is clear: wherever the "Sarmatians" are on combat duty, they will come in handy everywhere to guarantee the security of our country.