There is a business that it is considered not easy bringing income, but also a noble occupation. This is the processing of garbage. The essence of activities assembled, processing and implementing secondary raw materials. We will analyze the topic more.

It is advantageous to engage in complex different waste or one direction:

  • sorting paper paper, cardboard;
  • plastic containers;
  • glass;
  • boyed machines will allow to implement metal or waste oils, work parts workshops;
  • techniques - in its composition copper, aluminum, gold, silver. Large industrialists buy non-ferrous metals on affordable rates;
  • food waste. Of these, with the help of enzymes and bacteria, a compost is created for horticultural farms producing primer companies.

Types of expenses and income by different types The raw materials are similar, the amounts and profits are changing. The latter consists of the influence of many factors - procurement policies, employee bonuses, the use of resources, the correct implementation tactics. Develop a competent business plan, and success awaits you.

Features of registration of the case

In addition to the package of documents for the registrar and tax, you need permission to conduct activities:

  • get a license at the Ministry of Ecology. After the documentation on the equipment is selected, the entrepreneur goes for permits to aquatic, sanitary, fire, veterinary, communal services;
  • plastic bottle processing business Open easier - Registration is needed legal entity. Also opens a paper processing company, cardboard.

Recycling recycling as a business

First stage - Search for sources of raw materials. These are landfills. Try to negotiate with the administration to pick up the car trash brought it to you, and not to the landfill.

Garbage sorting shop

Room Choose not far from the landfill so that you do not have to spend money on the transportation of raw materials. Suitable warehouse, hangar.

Regional or municipal authorities help with perpetual rental or provide free unnecessary premises. Municipality is more profitable to help such an enterprise than to contain constantly growing landfills.

Equipment

Businessmen raised such a matter argue that it is impractical to acquire foreign equipment.

Russian aggregates that cost less are being repaired easier. The universal will require about $ 300 million, the recycling line separate type Waste will cost 50,000.

Standard equipment: feed ribbon, chopper, crusher, bunker, magnet, pressing installation.

Personnel on the draft recycling

The place was found, the equipment bought, it's a strong team. In this difficulty business - few people withstand heavy work The transport tape when there are unpleasant odors.

Motivation, a flexible bonuse system will make work at the enterprise favorable. Carefully approach this, otherwise it is not to avoid the flow of personnel.

Research implementation

This question is important. But the need for recycling grows. And buyers are, because the secondary raw materials are cheaper than the initial, but not inferior in quality.

Recycling of plastic and glass

Plastic recycling - highly liquid business. Bottles and cups are easy to make it easily, but they are difficult and decomposed for a long time. Therefore, such workshops are supported by municipalities. Investments from environmental and environmental organizations are possible.

Channels for procurement of raw materials are not only landfills, but also points of reception plastic containers. Case contracts with shops and trading networks. In the city, install urns, get the permission of the administration.

Sales are also simple - Flex flakes buy bottles manufacturers. It is cheaper than the original product, so enterprises willingly take raw materials. Due to the ease of collecting and marketing plastic bottles as a business - perspective direction. It is not difficult in an organization, requires small initial costs, participates in support programs from the state, international funds.

Recycling from glass

The glass is easy to clean from any contaminants, and no foreign impurities fall into its structure.

It takes place not one stage of cleaning and sorting to get on the smelting. Equipment for processing glass is expensive, but a full-fledged conveyor line is serviced by a minimum of personnel due to the high automation of labor.

As with the maintenance of any other business processing business, the glass container is sorted and cleared. The process is manual and automated. Ready is divided into color and high-quality features, enters the crusher, where it is crushed to the state of the sand. After the stage of automatic cleaning passes. And the melting is subjected or in the form of a sorted sand goes to glass plants.

The methods of finding raw materials in this business do not differ from those described in the previous section. Services of companies engaged in sorting of companies will help, place your own reception points of the glass containers or agree with the owners of the HoReCa directions.

Maximum income is obtained in the presence of a furnace and manufacturing workshop. Cause - Equipment for processing is at every glass factory.

The right decision will be the opening of glass items from glass, organization of sorting and exporting such garbage. This method of doing business will require smaller investments.

Recycling paper and cardboard

From the time of Soviet Union Freshly memory when the waste paper was collected. Today it is in decline, but gradually again launches turns.

There are two production lines by type of product obtained - paper for writing or cardboard. Recycling the second is more profitable.

The main difficulty in collecting raw materials. But it can also be purchased in landfills, in the reception items.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Business

Business for the processing of garbage and other raw materials has positive and negative sides.

Pluses of the processing industry:

  • yield. Since the main goal is profits, start with this dignity;
  • respect from the authorities, local residents. Ecology becomes cleaner, and landfills are less.

But there are nuances that in many respects cause a small number of sorting enterprises and recycled processing:

  • registration of documentation takes about six months, it is necessary to obtain permits from dozens of structures;
  • manual labor. It is difficult to form a friendly team, it is important to consider the competent system of motivation of workers;
  • establishment of continuous flow of raw materials, sales of the finished product.

With all apparent difficulties - business is worthy of attention, as it bears the benefit of the entrepreneur, the city, the country, the world.

When we talk about secondary raw materials, we are usually about such material resources that can be reused. It may be waste or production waste that takes place to be in national economy. It is important to understand that not all waste can become secondary raw materials and not all redemption is the product used.

The classification of secondary raw materials is understandable and simple. Conditionally can be divided into several separate groups:

1. Secondary raw materials that can be used as a complete or partial replacement of primary raw materials.

2. Waste acting as the source product for the manufacture of primary raw materials.

3. Waste in the form of used raw materials, which in the processing process can be used in a fundamentally new technological cycle.

4. Waste, which serve as a source for ore raw materials and extraction of various metals.

Maculatura as secondary raw materials

Such secondary raw materials like old newspapers, notebooks, magazines, books, cardboard boxes, packaging and much more customized with waste paper. The waste paper used as a redemption is usually used for the manufacture of insulating, roofing, packaging material, as well as paper. It is worth paying attention to the fact that paper production The waste paper takes 40% of raw materials, since cellulose and wood - more expensive material in the business of this kind.

Types of waste paper (what it happens)

In the territory Russian Federation Enterprises that are engaged in the collection and processing of secondary raw materials carry out the reception of unsorted waste paper. Only subsequently it will be sorted by type and grade of waste paper. The most high-quality waste paper is the chip of the brand "A". Lower quality waste paper will be considered "B" and "B" classes.

Maculatory processing technology

Recycling of waste paper has certain difficulties and, as a rule, is carried out by wet technology. Processing is carried out in several stages.

1. Mural of waste paper

The dissolution of waste paper on separate production fibers in a humid environment in special equipment, called hydraulic drivers. Certain hydromechanical efforts make it possible to completely grind the waste paper on separate pieces, and then on fibers.

2. The waste mass is completely cleaned by impurities of an outsider

The wasteual mass, which, after dissolution, turns into a suspension, is passed through the sieve in the hydraulic drive. After that, all coarse inclusions in the wasteual mass, heavy impurities are removed from it. At the same time, light impurities can be pulled out in the form of a harness.

3. Dorostpusca therapy mass and its subtle cleaning

Purified waste paper may contain vegetable fibers in its composition, and not just pieces of waste paper. That is why it is heading for a subsequent mast, where it will be carried out even more subtle cleaning.

What are made from waste paper?

There are a huge amount of products in the world produced from the collected waste paper. We will try to list the most popular types of their.

1. Equouth. To date, EcoWhat is still not so often in production and construction, since the modern release of this product is too small. Nevertheless, in the future it is this material that will be in demand in the construction market, in the world of thermal insulation materials.

2. Board fiber plates. Such plates are often used during construction and repair work On the interior of the rooms. They are slabs carefully dried, compressed waste paper.

3. Roofing materials produced on the basis of waste paper are environmentally friendly and inexpensive materials. This direction in the construction market is only gaining momentum, but it has serious prospects for its development in the future.

4. Packaging materials - the most popular products obtained in the process of processing waste paper. It is packaging examples that are considered the most visual example Savings are quite valuable and important in terms of environmental protection of raw materials.

With a literate collection of waste and adequate use on packaging materials, a considerable amount of wood is saved. Annually due to production packaging materials (cardboard boxes, paper packs and corrugated cardboard, paper wrappers, etc.) can be saved to one and a half thousand hectares of the forest. By the way, the micro-headquarter packaging, which practically does not have drawbacks, is made of waste paper by simple mechanical processing of secondary raw materials in warm water.

Packaging from corrugated cardboard has certain advantages due to its insignificant weight and good strength indicators. When using cardboard with corrugated paper, the resistance of such packaging to ruptures is increased several times as across and along the sheet.

5. Office paper. In the printing industry, this direction of processing of waste paper is played by important rolebecause it allows you to achieve significant savings.

Ecology and waste paper

A huge amount of paper that is emitted every day from offices, shops, houses can be used with benefit for ecology. As a result of the development of recycling of secondary raw materials and competently use, we can save a huge number of trees. For statistics: recycling only 1 ton of waste paper, we protect about 10 trees, as well as save more than 20 thousand liters of water, thousands of kilowatt electricity, protect the environment from the emission of 1,700 kg of carbon dioxide!

Collection and subsequent processing of waste paper makes it possible to discover all new and new opportunities for using unnecessary paper and paper raw materials, saving a variety of resources and money.

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Every day, tons of waste are sent to the landfill. Add to it industrial waste Of most different areas of production - a blow to ecology is inevitable.

Exit from this situation was the redemption. Most of the garbage having a secondary use sign on the package is sent to the landfill. Although it is suitable for processing and recycling in the production of new products.

Reception items are organized for collection. Business at the recycling allows the maximum to use resources and reduce the growth rates of garbage dumps, and this in turn is a positive sign for ecology.

Views

To date, there are points for receiving garbage, ranging from paper and ending with chemical waste. Technologies allow us to recycle even the most complex materials according to the toxic substances. All redemption is divided into several types, but the most famous and familiar are:

  • Maculature.
  • Plastic.
  • Glass.
  • Scrap metal.

Maculatura

It is waste production, processing and consumption of all types of paper, as well as cardboard. All paper products - newspapers, books, magazines and the like. This recycling after processing goes to the production of other paper products. It is worth making a reservation that glossy paper is not recycled.

Cardboard is also processed, cardboard products are recycled from it. The main advantage of the use of waste paper is to reduce the volume of deforestation. It's the same good sign For ecology.

Plastic

Plastic is one of the most problematic materials in terms of disposal and ecology. Pet bottles, packaging, films and packages - all this has long become part of the life. Add plastic used in production household appliances, cars and tools.

The plastic thrown on the landfill will be degraded with centuries, highlighting toxic substances and causes serious harm to ecology. Therefore, today the issue of plastic processing is very relevant.

On any plastic container You can find a sign that means from what plastic product produced. Thanks to this sign, the subsequent sorting of various types of plastic. Plastic recycling is sent to the further production of other plastic products.

Glass station

Every day, glass containers are used in large quantities. These are all sorts of bottles, banks and other vessels. The reception of glass containers is already under time for a long time ago, and you can find the reception item in almost any area of \u200b\u200bthe city.

Further production from garbage includes blowing glass products: bottles and glass blocks. From the glass make fine sand for construction and even fertilizer.

Screw

Business on the processing of scrap metal has great importance In ecology - decomposition of metals causes serious damage environment. Like the use of other materials, the use of metal in life is very wide - ranging from food packaging and ending with mechanical engineering.

The need to process scrap metal occurs not only on environmental reasons, but also reasons for economic. Metal resources are limited, and every year they are depleted. Therefore, recycling is a business that allows not only to make a profit, but also reduce the load on sources of resources.

Reception and processing

In the West, business on raw materials recycling has achieved a very high level. The garbage is actively sorting at the initial phase of recycling. Reception of used raw materials became commonplace. Separate containers for glass, plastic and food waste are installed in residential areas. Plastic and glass bottles are accepted in supermarkets. Recycling recycling - business successfully developing over the years.

In Russia, the situation is somewhat worse. Household waste goes into a common container, without sorting. But still items acceptance different species There is in every city. Take glass bottles, waste paper and scrap metal.

Gradually begin to install dusting containers for plastic waste. Some trading networks are taken in the scrap-consuming electrical appliances and batteries.

As mentioned above, the production of garbage covers many areas, ranging from printed and ending with the chemical industry. For products made from recycled raw materials, necessarily apply a sign denoting that they are made from recycling. Some manufacturers indicate its percentage in the composition. Also, this sign is applied to products that are suitable for re-processing.

Business on secondary raw materials

Recycling secondary raw materials can be not only support ecological status, but also a fairly profitable business. The main difficulty facing entrepreneurs is to receive secondary raw materials.

It is quite realistic to organize a collection point, a storage room and transport are needed. But most people are not yet accustomed to the sorting of waste and continue to send all the garbage in the tanks.

  • The most popular and developed direction is the reception of glass containers and glass. Further life can develop in several directions. Most often, the glass is resold for processing plants.
  • With the waste paper, the situation is worse, the delivery and collection of this type of waste is not so good as glass, so the gigantic volumes of paper and cardboard are sent to the landfills. Only 14% of all paper waste is subjected to recycling.
  • Reception and processing of plastic is one of the most complex directions. It so happened due to the specifics of disposal and processing used plastic products that require expensive equipment.
  • An increasingly profitable is such a direction as the reception of aluminum cans from lemonade, beer and carbonated drinks.

As you can see, today business on waste is a very promising field of activity. She covers several important aspects. In addition to tangible profits, the reception of secondary raw materials and further processing allow you to improve the environmental situation and reduce the depletion of resources.

What is recycling, why do you need a separate garbage collection and how can you help your planet?

In recent decades technogenic catastrophes, disappointing and even frightening forecasts of scientists are increasingly forcing society to think about environmental issues. In Russia, 2017 was declared the year of ecology. We talked to the Media coordinator of the Greenpeace of the Greenpeace of Russia Violete Ryabko on how each of us now can start helping its planet. Today we launch a series of materials about the separate collection of garbage, recycling recycling and personal responsibility for how our world will look like in ten, fifty and a hundred years.

First of all, you need to decide that we understand under secondary raw materials. These are those waste that can be recycled or re-used.

For example, glass as recycling in a new container is practically not processed, it can only be used again, as it was in the Soviet Union, when the bottles of soapy and handed over, then in special enterprises again, already in an industrial way, soapy and disinfected, after which they were sent again On the spill. Glass in this way can be used an infinite number of times. Now reuse Glass bottles practiced only the company "Baltika". About 30% of Baltic bottles are so-called revolutions. They have special super-power sinks that disinfect the bottles, so that the use of a circulating container becomes absolutely safe. By the way, new, freshly produced, glass bottles before sending to spill are exactly the same disinfection. Unfortunately, Baltika is still the only one-to-use glass container in Russia.

The only method of glass processing is the manufacture of glass gambles. Such processing, of course, is not so waste-free, like PET (polyethylene terephthalate), plastic bottleBut nevertheless, even such recycling is better than sending glass garbage to a landfill.

The simplest and most common processing is processing paper, waste paper. It can be recycled up to seven times.

The most waste-free - aluminum cans, they can be recycled by 99%, which means that the bank can be sent to processing almost indefinitely, thereby reducing the mining of bauxite, which are quite complex in development.

Plastic There are seven major types, five are processed from them. That is, you can actually recycle all seven, but two of them are very complex in recycling and are recycled. Even with a separate collection, the debris is still going on, in particular plastic. The ile is manual, and it happens automatic - by weight. The main thing is that this plastic is not contaminated, for example, the same food. The fact is that plastic packaging in the beginning of processing sticks out, and damaged from this common mass is not enough. In the suburbs there is a plastics processing plant "The Plastics", which takes the redemption, including the population. However, he is very often not enough for this raw material, and he buys PET packaging on landfills. That is, there are people who dig in these garbage mountains and pull plastic from them. But according to statistics, only 15% of plastic packaging from the landfill are suitable as a recycling, as the garbage on the landfills is very strong, and the garbage truck is quite well supersed, as a result, it becomes almost impossible to separate something from everything else.

In many European countries, several years ago announced a gradual output from the circulation of plastic bags, it was assumed that in a couple of dozen years these packages should completely disappear.

Instead, it is proposed to use paper bags, reusable textile bags and bags from processed materials. In Russia, the population now has a choice than to use, and this is the personal responsibility of each.

Thus, the recycling that can be recycled (or, as in the case of glass, used again), are the following types of garbage: glass, plastic, paper, aluminum, also some types of fabrics, TETRA PAC packaging and batteries. The first and simplest thing that you can personally begin to do for the benefit of the environment and for its preservation, is sorting home debris, that is, a separate collection. On how to do it and where to hand over the separated garbage, read in the following articles.

Violetta Ryabko, Greenpeace media formator

The editors thanks for the help of the preparation of the material

Exportation, processing and disposal of waste from 1 to 5 hazard

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Looking almost any safe Waste, you can see secondary raw materials for the production of new products. The trial of humanity is to receive maximum benefit from spent residues. The resources of the planet are limited and not replenished at such a speed, with which humanity is squocated. Some types of resources are generally not fill, so they must be saved. But not only therefore the recycling of spent raw materials is performed.

In order to avoid littering the territories of the garbage, it must be processed. In addition, the further processing of secondary raw materials will allow to resolve the problem of pollution by trash: air, soil, soil and surface waters and the spread of infection in the environment.

Views

One of the main goals of recycling waste is improving the environmental situation. IN modern time The market of disposal and processing of garbage is not developed enough. This is not caused by the lack of technologies for recycling recyclable, but low profitability of this activity, in connection with which, process secondary waste It becomes just unprofitable.

However, use household waste It becomes a good basis for the production of recyclable, which can be reset to the production turnover, sorting it by type using the processing sign. The use of secondary raw materials, including household waste, allows you to make many products, such as paper products, glassware, various metal and plastic products.

Valuable components of waste are considered:

  • Black and colored scrap metal
  • Plastics: PET, PND, PVD, PVC
  • Watercase and glass
  • Cementing paper: paper, cardboard, newspapers and textiles
  • Rubber
  • Wood
  • Electronics: boards, batteries, wire, mercury lamps
  • Petroleum products, asphalt, bitumen, oil

In the process of recycling from waste, various materials are obtained, in particular, these are building materials, organic fertilizers, thermal energy.

Metal

When recycling garbage for each type of waste, the appropriate technology is used. Mixed household waste is separated by various types of separation. For example, metal waste is separated using magnetic separation, and then pressed, packaged and depart on the foundry enterprises for subsequent smelting.

Repeated processing of scrap metal contributes to significant savings natural resources and environmental protection.

Glass

Glass waste is processed into the technical glass, which is subsequently used in construction. The process of glass processing includes the following steps:

  • Sorting glass garbage from the process of processing when using separation equipment.
  • Its cleaning with subsequent drying
  • Shredding
  • Preparation of raw materials and warming up using special equipment.

The recycling of production waste in the form of glass has significant advantages. For example, this process qualitatively affects the unloading of polygons for garbage collection, savings of raw materials and energy for glass production.

Maculatura

As well as processing other types of recycles, the secondary use of paper helps to reduce the level of environmental pollution. In the production of paper to the environment, highly toxic substances fall, and there are fewer chemicals when using recycled paper hazardous substances. In addition, secondary use Paper waste saves part of wood resources.

With regard to the process of processing paper waste, consider the main stages:

  1. After collecting, first of all, the raw materials are sorted in accordance with a special processing sign.
  2. Next, the preparation of the waste paper and its cleaning occurs.
  3. In the future, if necessary, mass is discolored and sent to the production of paper.

New paper is performed using the treated secondary and primary raw materials. In Russia, most of the waste paper is among household waste, in view of which it becomes inaccessible for further operation. In this case, it is necessary to stop the simultaneous collection of construction, paper and household waste. Separate collection The garbage is the best way out of the critical ecological situation in the Russian Federation.

Polymers

The reuse of waste from polymers is rather difficult due to the degree of contamination and the inconsistency of secondary polymers in the quality of the feedstock. This type of activity is very expensive and less profitable than the production of polymer raw materials from the latest materials.

However, the recycling of the recycling of polymers is beneficial with the further use of them in the production of various concrete products and wood-polymer plates. It is made only if cleaning and sorting is not particularly important for the production of polymer products.

From the secondary polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which was used in the production of bottles for beverages, a warming polyester fiber filler is obtained for jackets.

After recycling from it, it is manufactured:

  • Carpets
  • Containers
  • Pallets
  • Trays for non-food products
  • Door panels
  • Lattices and bumpers for cars

The cost of polymer recyclable is much lower than the original, which attracts large suppliers, so re-processing of raw materials can be quite beneficial for the recycling plant for recycling.

Wood

Wood and waste paper are very popular in the construction and pulp and paper industry, and their secondary use will allow enterprises to significantly save on production costs. In addition, the secondary use of waste will save the lives to many trees and will be beneficial to the environment.

Rubber

The secondary use of worn automotive tires and rubber will cleanse large landfill areas from this type of waste, will avoid excretion of harmful carcinogenic substances into the atmosphere, which are formed during burning, eliminate the risk of dissemination of infection.

Rubber I. car tires Usually crushed into the crumb on specialized factories, after which it is used in many industries. From recycled rubber subsequently produce new car tires and rubber shoes. Recycled rubber and construction is widely used.

Petroleum products

To date, for the processing of oil waste used modern technologies. As a result, the process is obtained, for example, motor oil. This allows you to significantly reduce the amount of emissions into the atmosphere of harmful vapors, reduce the contamination of the soil and water. In aggregate, to a lesser extent expose the environment of danger.

Electronics

From the electronics waste, you can get different chemical elements, Including precious metals. When processing opening electronic circuit boards, you can get gold, silver, palladium, as well as nickel, iron, copper, glass and polymers. The sorted metal is then sent to the melting furnace, the rest of the waste is subjected to pyrolysis.

Mercury

The utilization of mercury lamps to a large extent eliminates the ecological threat to pollution of the environment of mercury. Mercury from these products is neutralized using the demurcurization method.

When recycling the recycling, a sorbent is formed, from which the eco-friendly paving slabs are made. Glass flasks used mercury lamps are subsequently applied in the manufacture of new lamps. Also formed a number of aluminum and phosphor.

Recycling sign

On each form of raw materials there is a processing sign, this sign means from which material the goods are made to simplify the future sorting. According to the recommendations of the developers applied to packaging signs should be large enough. For the first time the sign was invented in 1988 for identification. The raw material to be stailed: paper, plastic, metal, glass.

Outcome

Currently, household waste has found application not only as a reservoir for the production of new products. They are also used in aesthetic purposes.

Around the world opened periodically various exhibitionsCompetitions are held for the manufacture of various items, sculptures, interior items from domestic waste. People began to use garbage (banks, bottles, old video tapes, pipes and more) for their manufacture. Such events are aimed at drawing the attention of the whole world to the problem of disposal and processing of all kinds of garbage.

Primary production and recycling of garbage subsequently allows you to resolve many urgent environmental problems And make a huge contribution to environmental care. This kind economic activity Be sure to acquire rapid development, since the amount of garbage in landfills is growing steadily.