the monarchical organization in Russia was created in St. Petersburg in October - November 1900 (Charter - January 1901). United representatives of Russian intelligentsia, officials, clergy and landowners of the capital. Initially, the Russian Assembly was a literary and art club. He was controlled by the Council of 18 people. (Chairman - KN. D. Golitsyn, then KN. M.H. Shakhovskaya et al.). There had branches in Kharkov, Kazan, Odessa and other cities. For active political activities, it was transferred from the fall of 1904 (serving the king of addresses, delegations to the king, stormy propaganda in printing, etc.). The 1st Congress of the "Russian Assembly" (1906) approved the program platform: autocratic and indivisible Russia, the dominant position of Orthodoxy, but recognition of law enforcement State Duma ("Orthodoxy. Self-adjusting. Nature"). The Russian Assembly took part in all monarchical congresses. Defended the interests of the Russian people. He opposed the liberal-Masonic and revolutionary movement. There have been a number of periodicals: "Izvestia", from 1905 - "Rural Bulletin", "PAKAR", "Russian business", etc.

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Russian meeting

PC), the first Russian public law-monarchical organization. The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a Russian national circle was born in November. 1900 In Wisen Writers, scientists and dignitaries of the capital, who depressed the fancy of the faith and denationalization of the Russian society. Already the title itself was thrown a challenge to public opinion. After all, cosmopolitism at that time was a sign of "good tone" among the Russian educated layer. As one of the contemporaries wrote, the Russian meeting originated, "when the love of Fatherland was in oblivion," when it became unprofitable to be a Russian man. " Jan 16 1901 held the last preliminary assembly.

It took place in the editorial office of the most authoritative advantage of the New Time newspaper. His publisher A. S. Suvorin was among the forty member of the founders of the RS. In addition to him, the founding members were large figures of domestic science and culture: prof. K.Y.GROT, Acad. N. P. Kondakov, Pom. Director of the Public Library, Dr. Russian history N. P. Likhachev, prof. St. Petersburg and director of the Archaeological Institute N. V. Pokrovsky, Head of the Nikolaev Academy of General Staff General Lieutenant N. N. Suchkin, Director of the State Bank of State Bank of State Bank A. P. Nikolsky, Writers M. M. Koyavovich , V. P. Swatkovsky, V. G. Yangchevetsky (Yang) and others. At the meeting, the draft charter was finally approved and the chairman and two of his comrades were elected. The chairman of the RS was one of the most popular writers of the time of the CN. D. P. Golitsyn (literary pseudonym-MuraValin), and his deputy publicist A. A. Suvorin and writer S. N. Syromyatnikov. Jan 26 The charter was officially approved. According to the charter, the goal of the Russian meeting was to promote "clarifying, strengthening in the public consciousness and creative principles and household peculiarities of the Russian people. "

This goal was revealed through the nearest tasks of the new organization, which were proclaimed: "a) the study of Russian and Slavic people's life in its present and past; b) the development of issues of Russian and generally Slavic literature, art, nation, law and national economy, as well as the study of all other manifestations of Russian and Slavic spiritual and everyday identity; c) the cooling of the purity and correctness of Russian speech. " Art. 3 of the Charter defined the rights that an organization received to achieve its goals: "a) to arrange membership and public meetings, reading, musical evenings and spectacles, as well as artistic and household exhibitions; b) establish competitions and appoint an awards for writing to a given subject and for artistic works; c) produce timeless publications, collections and books, as well as promote sales of books and works of folk art; d) arrange trips and travel with a scientific and educational goal; e) base and maintain a book collection and reading agents, as well as institutions that are intended to spread Russian architecture, Russian clothing and Russian utensils, etc.; e) enter the petitions to the Government on subjects related to the Meeting Goals. " Liberal seal met the news of the emergence of the Russian national organization in the bayonets. The mockery fell to his founders. The detention facility was not limited to the dust, the denunciations were concretized on the name of the influential at that time the Minister of Internal Affairs V. K. Plev, who at first wanted to even close the circle, but, having understood himself, joined him. 12 Feb. 1901 passed the first meeting on which 120 were accepted valid members The Council was elected, which included representatives of the political and cultural elite of the Empire. The first Council of the PC consisted, in addition to the Chairman and his two comrades, from 15 people: Publicist, Major General of the Military Court M. M. Borodkin; Famous publicist-Slavophil, controller General A. V. Vasilyev; Popular poet and publicist V. L. Velichko; Son of the famous Russian commander, Major General c. N. F. Gayden; Statsecretary of the State Council Baron R.A. Dysterlo; prof. Academy of General Staff General Major A. M. Zolotarev; Veteran of patriotic journalism, publisher V. V. Komarov; Future Minister of Agriculture A. V. Krivoshein; Future Statis Secretary of the State Council V. A. Lyschinsky; lawyer and writer for church issues A. A. Papkov; censor N. M. Sokolov; Publisher A. S. Suvorin; Future TOV. Minister of Internal Affairs A. N. Haruzin; Writer N. A. Engelgardt; Musicologist, librarian of the State Chancellery S. V. Yuferov.

Initially, the PC was engaged exclusively by discussing reports and an evening device. The first form of activities were meetings on Fridays, dedicated to social and political issues and literary Mondays. Fridays initially led V. V. Komarov, but they acquired popularity and influence from the fall of 1902 when V. L. Velichko was headed. From autumn 1901, except for Fridays and Mondays, special meetings appeared (the outskin department was most actively worked chaired by prof. A. M. Zolotarev). From the fall of 1903, chaired by N. A. Engelhardt, literary Tuesdays were held. The number of RS began to grow rapidly. Already by to. 1901 there were about 1,000 members in it, and to. 1902 - approx. 1600. In Feb. 1903 The RS appeared his printed organ "News of the Russian Assembly", which were led by special issues of almost 2 years. 6 Nov. 1903 in Kharkov professors A. S. Meszigin, V. I. Albitsky, etc. The first local department of PC was opened. In 1904, departments were created in Odessa, Orenburg, Ekaterinoslava, Warsaw and Wilna. In the fall of 1904, a circle of Russian students under the leadership of the popular Belletrist KN was organized at the RS. M. N. Volkonsky and the chairmanship of the student V. I. Yermolov. A little earlier, a similar circle was created in Kharkov. The authority of the assembly increased significantly after December 31. 1904 held the highest reception of the deputation of the RS as part of the Chairman of the CN Council. DP Golitsyn, Comrades, Chairman of Major General A. M. Zolotarev and N. L. Mordvinov, members of the Council of Prince M. N. Volkonsky and N. A. Engelgardt. I am favorably listening to you read the address, the emperor Nicholas II Aleksandrovich said: "I thank the soul for honest true Russian thoughts. In the fact that you have read, not to add anything, or you can not debug. " However, during the revolutionary troubles 1905-1906, the Russian meeting did not show any special behavior. As usual reported reports, in Jan. 1906 Instead of the elevated Izvestia, the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly" began to go, during 1906 departments in Kazan, Irkutsk, Perm and Poltava were opened. A serious blow to the RS became released in the city. 1905 Circular, prohibiting the servicemen to consist in political societies. The Russian meeting, which appeared in the list of such societies, was forced to leave St. 200 officers, including one of the founders and most active members of A. M. Zolotarev. The only noticeable event in the life of the organization was the All-Russian Congress of the Russian Assembly, which was held on 8-12 Feb. 1906 in St. Petersburg and who later became known as the 1st All-Russian Congress of Russian People (1st Congress (1st All-Russian Congress of Russian People in St. Petersburg 8-12 Feb. 1906, or the All-Russian Congress of the Russian Assembly)). But the situation required other, primarily the political and more than decisive, actions. However, the RS management sought not to interfere with politics and was focused exclusively to academic and educational activities. The situation has radically changed from the 2nd floor. 1906. March 19, 1906 KN. D.P.Golitsyn refused the post of chairman due to frustrated health. For merits to the organization of the Russian meeting, he was elected its first honorary member. (The RS Charter assumed three forms of membership: Valid, honorable (for merit) and life (for large cash deposits)).

Honorary members in the entire history of the existence of RS were only 6. In addition to the KN. Golitsyn was awarded: Chairman of the Council in 1906-1909 kN. M. L. Shakhovskaya, Chairman of the Council in 1909-1912 and member of the Council in 1915-1917 kN. A. N. Lobanov-Rostovsky, Member of the Council in 1905-1915, the first editor-publisher of the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly" A. K. Puryshev and two authoritative bishops who took an active part in the activities of the RS - Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky) and Seraphim (Chichagov ), consisting by a member of the RS Council. Following the CN Golitsyn left posts. Chairman Chamber of the courtyard I. S. Leontyev. The council elected two TOV. Chairman GR. N.F.Gaidena and N. A. Engelgardta, the last until October performed the responsibility of the Chair. Finally, October 29. 1906 KN was elected chairman of the RS Council. M. L. Shakhovskaya. The assembly management has been updated, and from that time the RS has significantly activated, starting to turn into a full-fledged political organization. On December 28, a program was adopted, which was based on the Triad "Orthodoxy, autocracy and Russian nationality". The main provisions of the program were such: 1. Orthodoxy. The program noted that "Orthodox faith should be dominant in Russia as professionable by the king and the people and as an immutable basis for Russian education and popular education"; "The Church of the Orthodox should belong to the freedom of internal life and management"; "The voice of the church must be listening to power in all state affairs"; "The arrival device must be laid in the base of the church system, church cathedrals should be revived on the exact basis of the canons." The RS proclaimed that it "refers to Old Believers, as a true Russian people, jealously keeping legends of their native antiquity, and implies them whenever it speaks about the Orthodox Russian people." 2. Autocracy. The meeting declared that "recognizes the royal autocracy of the most advanced form of government in Russia, seeing its main pledge of both the execution of Russia of its world-Christian calling and its external state power and internal state Unity" The program unequivocally proclaimed that "a self-adjustable king, like a supreme judge and the expressive of people's conscience in state affairs, cannot be subject to any responsibility in any other way than God and history." The program urged not to confuse autocratic with despotism, nor with absolutism, for "the autocracy of the Orthodox states is based on the constant union of the king with the people and consists in the unconditional completeness and the inseparalness of the supreme power, so that the unlimited and non-limitation of this power is a fundamental sign of the Concept of autocracy and no The law can neither assign him nor take this sign from him. " The unity of the king with the people involves the need to communicate the king with the population, which "everything is more expedient can be carried out through the central electoral advisory institutions, constantly or periodically convened, or local self-government, alien and bureaucracy, and bureaucracy." 3. Russian nationality. First of all, the program proclaimed that "Russia is one and indivisible, no" autonomy "is not allowed and each attempt to dismember our homeland under any kind of, pretext or title, must be found by decisive and solid opposition of all governmental and public Force" In the outskirts of the first place, it was proposed to put the nationwide interests and the willingness of each nationality to serve Russia. Russian should be state in all institutions. In relation to the basis of the social system, the RS firmly stood "for the data, as the organizing social beginning, ensuring order and discipline and inextricably linked with the self-adjusting monarchical system."

However, the meeting recognized "their ideal such a system, in which the entire population of the Empire is divided without a balance of estates, flexible and numerous and numerous to cover all groups and classes of the population." The Jewish question assembly proposed to resolve particularly "in view of the consecrated Talmud and at the same time spontaneously inherent hostility of Jewry to Christianity and Christian peoples and the desire of Jews to the world domination." Moreover, it was emphasized that "said it is predetermined as the impossibility of providing Jews to full equality and cancel or expand the legal disdequacy feature and the need for new restrictions that can neutralize Jewry, protect the spiritual and property safety of the Russian population and public order and prevent violent action against Jews, inevitable all other conditions. " After the adoption of the program 27 Jan. 1907 The General Assembly decided to supplement the Charter of the RS. In art. 3, which regulated the rights of the organization, was made by the item "F", which stated that the RS had the right to "take part in the elections to the Members of the State Council and the State Duma ... to implement the goals set by the Russian meeting." This amendment was adopted in the midst of the election campaign. The RS took part in the block with the Union of the Russian People (SRN) and a moderately conservative party of legal order in the elections of the State Duma deputies. The union with the legal order party caused serious disagreements within the PC. A number of prominent leaders (B. V. Nikolsky, A. A. Maikov, KN. A. G. Shcherbatov, etc.) sharply opposed, since they considered an unacceptable agreement with any constitutional party. Only a small majority of votes at the general meeting question was resolved positively. However, the benefits did not bring it, because no deputy from St. Petersburg could have been held. One of the most important tasks The monarchists always considered the change in the school system that they wanted to see the Orthodoxy and National Education built on the principles. Back in 1902, a member of the Council of the RS A.F. Rittich read a report in which he pointed to school as the most reliable means of education of the youth in the Russian National Spirit. The report was approved and at the same time a charter of an educational institution was developed. But there was no funds, and the opening of the school was postponed to more favorable times. Finally, 24 seconds. 1907 The General Assembly decided to open the Russian National Education Institution under the RS with the rights of the Gymnasium of the Ministry folk Enlightenment. In this regard, November 8th. Art. 3 of the RS Charter was supplemented with a new provision that the meeting has the right to "establish educational institutions and educational institutions with a preliminary relevant permit." The need for a school institution was caused by the belief that Zemskiy and government educational institutions, corrupted to the brain of bones, are brought up from students of bootiers and riots. The first donations to the content of the gymnasium were made by prominent figures of the monarchical movement E. A. Seboyarinov (3000 rubles), A. K. Puryshev (300 rubles) and B. V. Nikolsky (150 rubles). 6 dec. On the feast of Nicholas the Wonderworker (the day of the asoimenitis of the sovereign of the emperor), the gymnasium was solemnly open. EP. Evlegal (Georgievsky) in serving with the clergy - members of the Russian meeting served Prayers. In speech at the opening of the KN. M. L. Shakhovskaya expressed the hope that the institution of the RS gymnasium will become "the first stone for a strong and durable foundation, where the Russian National School should develop throughout Russia." Classes in the gymnasium began 11 dec. Director became the teacher of the 1st cadet corps Vasily Aleksandrovich Pankov.

At about the same time, the Russian National Mens Gymnasium and the House of Hardworking for helping the unemployed were opened at the same time under the Irkutsk Department of the RS. The number of local PC departments grew, in 1908 there were already 14. Of these, Kharkov, Kiev, Kazan, Irkutsk and Verkhneudinsky were most actively operating. 27 Apr. 1908 During RS, a Russian outdoor society was opened under the chairmanship of the Doctor of Criminal Law prof. N. D. Sergievsky. The assembly has grown in the rental building on the street. Troitskaya became closely. I needed a permanent room gymnasium. And on May 8, 1908 it was decided to buy for the purposes of the RS building for blacksmith. - House of the Russian Assembly. However, at this time the first signs of the decline of the organization began to appear. Seriously weakened the Russian meeting of the departure from the affairs of the authoritative KN. M. L. Shakhovsky. In connection with the disease on May 9, 1909, he left Petersburg to Kharkov, and then to Crimea. Treatment was delayed, and in Oct. He had to be folded with himself the powers of the Chairman of the Council. 25 Oct. 1909 The Council of the RS elected the new chairman of the CN State Council. A. N. Lobanova-Rostovsky, who up to 1912 led the meeting. During this period, the monarchist movement, including the PC, was overwhelmed with splits. As one of the most authoritative and influential monarchical parties whose members are different time There were almost all prominent leaders of the monarchical movement, RS was trying to reconcile supporters A. I. Dubrovina and N. E. Markov. However, this attempt was not crowned with success. Moreover, in the walls of the RS there was a sad incident, almost led to the collapse of the organization and aggravated to the limit of the relationship between Dubrovintsev and Markovtsev. At one of the meetings 18 Nov. 1911 there was a collision of a supporter A. I. Dubrovina, B. V. Nikolsky with N. E. Markov about the so-called "dark money". On that day, Nikolsky read the report "Fourth new course Politicians and our beliefs ", which was met by the hands of the listeners. Criticia Chairman of the Council of Ministers P. A. Stolypin for the fact that he conducted a policy aimed at discrediting the right-hand parties, the speaker touched on "dark money". He accused Markov's supporters in the fact that their "splitting activity" is paid from certain secret funds. During the break between him and late Markov, a combination of a fight arose. In this time, it was from a series of out the emerging event. 20 Nov. The RS Council made a sharp decision on the incident in which the Nikolsky condemned. However, the general meeting in which there was a lot of supporters of Dubrovin, not all the points of the ruling took. This led to the crisis in the PC. At first, the Council has resigned the powers that practically paralyzed the organization's activities. By long-term negotiations managed to convince the majority of members of the Council to take their statement back. However, the KN. Lobanov-Rostov compounded the responsibilities of the chairman and came out of the Council. The Russian meeting was left without the Chairman. This incident fell on the page of liberal printing, which used it to discredit the patriotic movement. However, some right journalists helped her. For example, V. I. Drozd-Bonjachevsky in the "Russian Banner" frankly provoked Markov to bring Nikolsky to a duel. After this incident from 1912 in the inner struggle in the monarchical movement, the RS began to support N. E. Markov's supporters and the Allied Him V. M. Purishkevich.

Moreover, 12 Apr. 1912 The most consistent supporters of Dubrovin B. V. Nikolsky, N. N. Zhecedhen and N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, was one of the oldest and most active members of the organization and was even his life Member for significant donations for the needs of PC). In March 1913, a retired general was elected chairman of the Council, the former Kharkiv Governor, and at that time the head of the commission on the organization of campaigns to North Pole N. N. Peshkov. But exactly a year later he has folded the chairmanship. The organization showed explicit signs of decline. It is significant that after the departure of Peshkov, the PC could not be elected to himself. The organization alternately led TOV. Chairman GR. N.F. Aiden (from March 1913 to March 1914), in the post of Hoffmeister, who consisted at the sovereign Alexander Fedorovna GR. P. N. Apraksin (from March 1914 to C. 1916) and general from infanteria N. N. Belyavsky (with to. 1916). Difficulties, including financial, led to the fact that in 1913-1914 did not leave the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly". A serious blow to the authority of the RS was the inability due to financial difficulties to contain a gymnasium. In June 1913, an aggravated article was published in the newspaper "Start of the end of the Russian Assembly". The entire 1913 Council of the RS searched for the possibility of transferring the gymnasium to Kazynya. However, the Ministry of Folk Enlightenment required to abolish the special charter of the gymnasium, which, in fact, was the most essence of its existence and distinguished the gymnasium from other institutions. The RS Council was forced to agree with this requirement, although he stated his intention in the future to introduce a special charter. 1 Saint. 1913 RS Gymnasium made ordinary educational institution Petersburg. Finally, the sad experience of political activities and the situation in the monarchic movement led to the fact that inside the PC prevailed the opinion of the need to return to the initial form of existence - discussing reports and organization of evenings. Jan 26 1914 General Assembly excluded from the charter of paragraph "F" Art. 3. The oldest monarchical party again became an academic circle.

Its activity gradually collapsed. This, undoubtedly, influenced the war. Many members of the RS went to the front. 21 Aug. 1914 "Ladiesky Committee of the Russian Assembly for Help Harvest and Wounded Warriors was created (Honorary Chairman of the gr. E. V. Apraksina). Jan 20 1915 He was adopted under the highest patronage of the Empress Empress Alexandra Fedorovna. 30 Oct. 1914 The Council adopted the proposal of the CN. A. N. Lobanova-Rostovsky and c. P. N. Apraksina on the resumption of the publication of the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly". Moreover, they assumed 2/3 of the expenses by the publication of the Bulletin. 7 Jan. 1915 came out the first issue of the renewed magazine. Its content corresponded to the overall state of the meeting. In 1916, only 2 general meetings were held, although the Charter was not less than seven. After the February coup, the RS ceased its activities. In 1918-1919 in the Civil War, one of the well-known members of the organization, a deputy of the State Duma, G. G. Poksamsky tried to revive the Russian meeting in the south of Russia. However, his attempt was not crowned with success. He did not meet an understanding from the command of the Volunteer Army. And soon and he himself died from the typhus in Vladikavkaz. RS played a big role in the awakening of the national self-consciousness in the circles of metropolitan officials and intelligentsia. When RS only made the first steps, evil liberal languages \u200b\u200bnicknamed the organization "Russian colony in St. Petersburg". Responding to the enemies, an anonymous author of the "historical essay of the Russian meeting" wrote: "Yes, the Russian meeting turned out to be the first Russian colony arising in the non-Russian capital of the Russian state. The colony was boldly crashed into an impermanent Dotola foreign trap and there, in the very center of the Thale hell of those days, she boldly unfolded and raised the sacred staging with the Great Russian inscription "Orthodoxy, autocracy, Russian people". "

Lit.: Alekseev I. E. In the name of Christ and to the glory of the Sovereign (the history of the Kazan Society of Swords and the Kazan Department of the Russian Assembly in short essays, documents and comments to them): in two parts. Ch. I. Kazan, 2003; Bulatsel P. F. Russian Assembly. 1901-1910. . Essay // Bulletin of the Russian Assembly. 1911. No. 5; Bulletin of the Russian Assembly. 1912. No. 1; House and gymnasium of the Russian meeting. St. Petersburg, 1910; East. Essays of the Russian Assembly (until 1911) // Bulletin of the Russian Assembly. 1912. No. 1; Kiryanov Yu. I. Russian meeting. 1900-1917. M., 2003; Omelianchuk I. V. A pregnant movement in the Russian Empire (1901-1914). Monograph. Kiev, 2006; Report on the activities of the Kharkov Department of the Russian Assembly for 1903-1904. Kharkov, 1905; Report of the Russian Assembly for 1908-1916. St. Petersburg, 1909-1916; Right parties. 1905-1917. Documents and materials. In 2 tt. / Sost. Art., comments. Yu. I. Kiryanova. M., 1998; The program of the Russian Assembly. St. Petersburg, 1906; List of founders of the Russian meeting. SPb., 1901; The list of members of the Russian meeting with adj. East. Essay assembly. St. Petersburg, 1906; List of members of the Russian Assembly. 1913. SPb., 1913; Stepanov A. D. Russian Assembly // Holy Rus. Big Encyclopedia Russian people. Russian patriotism. GL Ed., Sost. O. A. Platonov, Sost. A. D. Stepanov. M., 2003; Charter of the Russian meeting. SPb., 1901; GH., 1916. A. Stepanov

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On December 6, a meeting of the Orthodox community was held in the Sholokhovsky Center for the Union of Writers of Russia, which established a new public organization - "Russian Assembly". The chief editor of the Russian People's Line was unanimously elected chairman of the organization Anatoly Dmitrievich Stepanovwho told us about the goals and objectives of the PC.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a social movement has appeared almost a year ago. This thought was born from understanding that RNL is not just a means of mass media, but, in fact, the club of like-minded people. Therefore, there was an idea to somehow institutionalize this condition, uniting around the ideology that our regular authors preach and protect - and among them authoritative priests, scientists, writers, public figures - representatives of the Russian educated layer, which are concerned about the ideological and moral state of our people and the future of our Fatherland. Since our like-minded people live not only in Russia, but also in Ukraine, in Belarus, in other countries of the world, where there are Russian communities, it was decided to create international Organization, in the hope that her branches will appear over time in different countries.

A powerful impetus for the activation of our actions was given by Valdai speech of Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, who on September 19 of this year for the first time with a high stand speaking loudly and unequivocally stated the need for state ideology for Russia. This means that the National Leader proposed to revise some of the provisions of the Constitution 20 years ago on the dictation of American experts 20 years ago and, above all, articles prohibiting Russia to have a state ideology. After the Valdai speech, we spent several round tables, organized a discussion, the result of which was yesterday's meeting when the International Public Organization "Russian Assembly" was established.

Many discussions caused before, and yesterday the question of the name of the organization. Different names were offered, for example, the "Movement of Russian traditionalists", which, in principle, adequately describes the essence of our position, because we strive to rely on the national traditions of Russian political thought And to actualize the richest historicoophy heritage of our thinkers, ranging from Slavophiles I.V.Kreevsky and A.S. Homakov and ending with our contemporaries that recently who died A.S. Panarin, V.V. Kozhinov, who created the slender political doctrine of Russia. Others offered to be called "Motion on September 19," since it was on this day that the Valdai speech was pronounced by the President of the country, namely, she gave impetus to the discussion of the issue of state ideology. There were other suggestions - "Third Rome", "Power", "Russian Way", "Russian Spirit". But an amazing thing, - after all those who wish to speak out on this problem, somehow all of themselves unanimously decided that they had to call our organization "Russian Assembly". This amazing unanimity was nothing more than the manifestation of the spirit of the Council. And it became a consequence of the fact that yesterday's assembly was organized correctly, in Russian.

At 13-00, the meeting participants came to the Church of St. Nicholas in Khamovniki, where, headed by one of the members of the initiative group, Alexander Shumsky, served a prayer service before the list of the Champs Icons God's Mother "Sporchitis of sinners" and in front of the holy prince of the Great Prince Alexander Nevsky. On December 6, not only the day of memory of our Holy Prince-Warrior and the outstanding ruler of the country, but this year turned 750 years since the presumption of the Grand Duke Alexander Yaroslavlich Nevsky. The image of Prince Alexander is a symbol of the RNL, and therefore it was especially important for me that the meeting took place on the day of his memory. By the way, it happened, it can be said, combs. Initially, we planned to hold a meeting before the beginning of the Christmas post, but then it turned out that due to a number of reasons, we will not succeed, put it on new Year It was impossible, it became clear that it was necessary to hold a meeting in early December, and the most suitable date It turned out to be the day of memory of Alexander Nevsky.

The prayer unanimity from which the meeting began, was manifested in the future. Many participants in the meeting then said that everything went surprisingly smoothly, without any unnecessary strife, in the spirit of the Oddishness and the Council, it was the impression that somehow everything worries himself.

The founders of the assembly were several dozen people. Among them are famous peoplelike the co-chairman of the Russian Writers' Union Vladimir Nikolaevich Krupin , member of the Board of the Russian Writers Union Sergey Ivanovich Kutkalo Famous Writers - Vasily Vladimirovich Palaces , Alexey Alekseevich Shorokhov , Andrey Yuryevich Plumba , MASTITED SCIENTIFIC FILTOR'S PROFESSOR Vsevolod Yuryevich Troitsky , prominent public figures leader movement "People's Cathedral" Oleg Yuryevich Cassin , Chairman of the Union of Orthodox Citizens Valentin Vladimirovich Lebedev , Head of the International Movement "For Rus Orthodox" Pavel Andreevich Weshladic , editor-in-chief of the magazine "Slavyanka" Sergey Vladimirovich Timchenko , Radonezh Radonezh Observer, Publicist Viktor Aleksandrovich Saukin , priests father Alexander Shisky and father Sergiy Karamshev , public figure Andrei Vitalyevich Sochenko , Deputy Chief Editor RNL Konstantin Gennadyevich Novikov , political scientist Alexander Andreevich Gorbatov , Director of the Center for Studying Socio Significant Problems Vladimir Alexandrovich Surin , director of the publishing house "Blessing" Yuri Grigorievich Samushenko , journalists Oleg Vladimirovich Maryanov and Maria Andreevna Monomenov . Among the founders were also the head of the Kalyazinsky municipal district of the Tver region Konstantin Gennadyevich Ilyin , public figures Alexey Anatolyevich Kaygorodov , Alexey Anatolyevich Narotko , Yuri Mikhailovich Dunyashenko , Candidate historical sciences Pavel Gennadievich Petin , Alexander Vladimirovich Skakov , Alexander Fedorovich Chernavsky , Nikolai Alekseevich Chistov , Viktor Fedorovich Shevchenko other.

They represented several regions of Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tula, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Moscow, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod and Tver region. The meeting approved the temporary charter of the public organization, chose the Chairman and the Central Council of the Russian Assembly, which included 5 people - Chairman of the RS, as well as O. Alksandr Shumsky, Vladimir Krupin, Andrei Soshenko (organization secretary) and Konstantin Novikov.

At the meeting, the idea was also born to create an expert council at the Russian Assembly, which includes authoritative scientists, experts in different areas of knowledge. The Council already agreed to enter Dr. Philosophy, Professor MSU Valery Nikolaevich Rastorguev Dr. economic Sciences, Professor MGIMO Valentin Yuryevich Katasonov , Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor MSU Vladimir Alekseevich Voropaev , Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor HSE Leonid Sergeevich Grevnev . Two latter actively participated in the meeting. In the future, as suggested suggestions, it is necessary not only to expand the composition of the Expert Council, but also organize his work in different directions. It is also intended to attract experts along with members of the PC in the preparation of round tables, readings, conferences and meetings.

There was a participation in the constituent meeting of the Russian Assembly Chairman of the Russian Union of Writers Valeria Nikolayevich Gichechova who appealed to the gathered with the words of greeting and even participated in the discussion about the name of the organization. Ganichev just returned from St. Petersburg, where he participated in awarding the winners of the Alexander Nevsky Prize and I, to be honest, there were doubts that he could take part in the meeting, although he promised to be if the opportunity appears. Therefore, I would like to once again thank Valery Nikolayevich for the one whose he had provided to everyone by taking part in the Constituent Assembly. For me, Ganichev's participation was a living personification of the continuity of generations, since Valery Nikolaevich is one of the "recent Mogican" of the patriotic movement of previous decades. Thus, the "Russian Assembly" demonstrated the loyalty of the patriotic tradition.

By the way, in addition to V.N. Gichechva attended the meeting, other guests were also attended: the co-chairman of the Union of Orthodox fractors, the abbot of the Svt temple. Nikola on Bersrenevka igumen Kirill (Sakharov) , Chairman of the newly registered Ministry of Justice Party "Auditorous Russia" Writer Dmitry Nikolaevich Merkulov , editor-in-chief of the magazine "Cross" Alexander Ivanovich Notin .

It was often necessary to deal with the question: why do you need another social movement, how will it differ from others? Indeed, there are already various public structures on the Orthodox-patriotic field, the leaders of the most famous of them even took part in the meeting: the co-chairman of the Union of Orthodox fractors Igumen Kirill (Sakharov), the leader of the "People's Cathedral" Oleg Kassin, Chairman of the Union of Orthodox Citizens Valentin Lebedev, head Movement "For the Orthodox faith" Pavel Slagladic. These public associations are known for their active activities on the organization cross moves, rallies, processions, pickets of other public actions.

Our movement places other, primarily ideological, tasks. We intend to try to unite representatives of the educated layer of the Russian people in order to help the authorities to formulate, develop a state ideology or ideology of development, as Russian President Vladimir Putin is expressed. And thereby we strive to ensure that there is no new abyss between the Russian intelligentsia and the authorities, which was so painful in former times and became one of the reasons for the occurrence of the revolution.

However, today already exists public structure, decisive partly similar tasks. I mean an Izborssk club created by a talented writer and publicist Alexander Andreevich Prokhanov. And the name is better not to come up with, and the idea is wonderful - to unite all unhealthy-minded intellectuals, and people gathered there are beautiful, many of which I consider some like-minded people. However, the Izborssk club is formed by other methodology, - opponents of the liberal course gathered there, but in a meaningful sense, people are very different. The task of ideological struggle against the liberal temptation, overcoming liberalism, which still communicates the conscious part of the modern political elite, is extremely relevant today. And this you need to fully support the initiatives of the Islabo Club.

However, one denial of liberalism is not enough to formulate a positive, promising ideology. People of the left-Communist, nationalist and Orthodox-Patriotic worldview can jointly fight against liberal utopia, but to formulate the ideology of development, which the authorities are waiting for intellectuals, can hardly. This requires a single ideological platform that is sent, including a certain tradition of political and historosophical thought.

For us, such an ideological platform is Orthodoxy, patriotism and conservatism. We strive to actualize for tasks modern Development Russia's ideas of Ivan Kireevsky and Alexey Homyakova, Nikolai Danilevsky and Konstantin Leontyev, Konstantin and Ivan Aksakov, Mikhail Katkova and Konstantin Pobedonossev, Leo Tikhomirov and Ivan Ilin, organizers of the pre-revolutionary "Russian Assembly". Only on this basis, you can create a modern Russian ideology that can not only reconcile us with our great ancestors, creating, equipped and defending the Fatherland, not only to unite around the Russian people, all the degrades of nationalities and confessions of Russia, but also serve as a basis for new integration on Eurasian space For reunion separated by the borders of the Russian people.

After the Constituent Assembly, we need to organize the activities of the Assembly. Therefore, I appeal to all readers who are interested in the development of our public organization (as I perceive it as our common cause), to be included in the work. It is necessary to discuss a realistic action plan. "Russian Assembly" today is an exclusively public initiative, so the organization has no budget. But we are not accustomed to work in such conditions, there are also many years a "Russian folk line". Russian man has always been strongly mixed. Over time, I hope we will create the website of the "Russian Assembly", but as long as we will try to make a page on RNL. Therefore, I propose my ideas and suggestions to send RNL mail. We will welcome any initiative.

(Moscow)

Number I. structure russian Assembly members (1901 - 1916)

The number of political parties and organizations usually reflects not only their size, but also significance in public movement, their capabilities. The Russian meeting in this respect was a kind of exception. This organization occupied the leading place among other legal frameworks and was their "brainstorm", although its number did not exceed 1 - 1.5 thousand people, while the number of members of all extreme right-wing parties (mostly Russian people's union) in 1908 G. equal to 400 thousand people.

The composition of this organization, as already noted, was "privileged". Suffice it to say that the annual membership fee in 1905 was equal to 10 rubles. (And on the eve of the war, it was also assumed even an increase in one and a half times), while the appropriate contribution in the usual "mass" right batch was only 50 kopecks. (Recall that 10 rubles. - This is half a monthly salary of the factory worker at the beginning of the twentieth century.).

The Russian meeting was initially mentioned as a fairly narrow organization that consisted of intelligentsia and privileged representatives of the Company. Already the first composition of the assembly consisted of educated, quite "sufficient" representatives of the intelligentsia, employees, military, titled nobility, representatives of elite circles. In 1905, the composition of the Russian meeting began to be replenished with shopkeepers, butchers, janitor. One of the leaders of the Russian Assembly noted that in the fall of 1905 the organization was provided to potential members of the future union of the Russian people, which took shape in November, becoming mass organization and frank the "bottoms" of the population of the capital. It can be assumed that some part of them before the formation of the SRN in the conditions of the revolution could be included in or at least to join the Russian meeting. In this regard, the diary record that after the education of the SRN "all the garbage of the Russian meeting rushed into this Union". After that, the composition of the Russian meeting returned to the original form. However, the Russian meeting was not an aristocratic organization, as was sometimes noted even in the literature of the 1990s.

In organizational terms, the Russian meeting and its local organizations were very fragile. For joining it, it was necessary to have a statement of the wishing and guarantee of two members of the meeting. The composition, as can be believed, constantly changed and replenished. Part of the members automatically dropped out of the Russian meeting due to the non-payment of the next membership fee. The flow rate of members of the meeting was influenced by the Government orders of 1906, recommending the employees not to enter into political parties. Membership often wore a purely formal nature that did not bind to carry out those or other orders of the organization. This is particularly visualized by the example of the female part of the meeting members. As a rule, these were wives and widows of sovereigns, officials, generals and officers. Their role in the Russian meeting (except for activities in gymnasium or in the Lady Committee) was very modest. Annual reports recorded single cases of lectures and speeches of women - meeting members. Their "activity" was limited, apparently, the presence at meetings, as well as the signing of certain documents and appeals. A rare exception was the editor of the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly".

Nationally, the composition of the Russian meeting was quite uniform. In addition to the Velikorsov, Ukrainians and Belarusians, the small group of members was Orthodox Poles and the Germans (in Kazan, Sachevsky, in St. Petersburg).

There are lists of members of the Russian Assembly over a number of years, which allows us to say quite specifically about the composition and number of its members. The first list of members of the Russian Assembly was published, apparently, in the spring of 1902. It was named 985 members (including 40 founding members). By January 1, 1904, less than two years after the appearance of the first list, in the Russian meeting, according to my estimates, there were 1804 valid member. At four meetings of 1904, another 308 more people were elected valid members. Thus, the total number of members by January 1, 1905 began to be equal to 2112. In 1904, representatives of the country were among the members of the Russian Assembly (which, however, did not mean the presence of local organizations of the Russian Assembly in these cities). Thus, for some two - two and a half years, the number of members of the Russian meeting increased by about 2 times.

Revolution 1905 - 1907. ambiguously affected the number of Russian assembly. She certainly contributed to the revitalization and growth. public organizations. But for various reasons (and ideological nature, and because of administrative constraints), the process was not easy. As noted in the "historical essay" of the Russian Assembly, published in 1906, its composition has changed a lot for 5 years of existence: "Many left us left, but no less, but the new members arrived." At the end of 1905 - 1906, the Russian meeting, remaining the composition of a special, elitar organization, nevertheless, was replenished by democratic layers. According to calculations of the data of the name list of members of the meeting, given, its number in 1906 was about 2300 members (of which 500 people lived outside of St. Petersburg).

Published in November 1906 of the programs of various political parties and brief references about them about the number and composition of the Russian Assembly noted: "The list of members concludes over 2000 names, including a very significant number of carriers of loud titles (princes, graphs), as well as persons occupying a very high position on public service. Most members are Petersburgers, but there are many of them in the province. Among them are also named, perhaps, ever, which came to the assembly, but now they are in it, undoubtedly, is the misunderstanding (for example, the editor of Rusi). "

It should be noted that for a considerable number of Members of the meeting, the connection with this organization was purely "ideological" and symbolic. Many high-ranking dignitaries and officials, and not only non-resident, but also the metropolitan (and among them, etc.), apparently, rarely visited the meeting meetings and did not participate in practical activities related to membership in it. In one way or another, it distinguished all non-resident members. Their membership was expressed in ideological, material and moral support of the Russian meeting, promotion and upholding its position in the field. Therefore, official data on the number of members of the Russian Assembly and in the initial, and in subsequent periods are sufficiently conditional.

The above data on the number of members of the Russian Assembly and their composition at the initial stage can be supplemented over the number of subsequent years. In the monograph on the right-frame batches, the development of the named list of members of the Russian Assembly for 1906 will reproduce this data.

The number and composition of the members of the Russian Assembly in 1906, Usa Cathedral

Estate, profession
Chinook
Servicemen
Teachers, doctors, engineers, representatives of free professions
Clergy
Peasants (engaged in trade)
Merchants and entrepreneurs
Landowners
Unknown

Source: Stepanov Sota ... M., 1992. p.110.

According to the data given, the three most numerous groups of the Russian Assembly were officials, military personnel, as well as representatives of the so-called third class - teachers and technical intelligentsia (respectively, 33, 22 and 18%). From the rest, the merchants and entrepreneurs (6.3%) and the priests (3%) were made from the rest of any significant share. Data on landowners, it is necessary to assume, are underestimated, since the calculations reflected only the indication of classes and estates recorded in the list. According to estimates, approximately 72% of the list of composition belonged to the nobles, and 3 to the titled nobility.

The lists of real members of the Russian meeting at the end of 1911 were preserved and those present at the general meeting of December 4, 1911 followed from them that at the General Meeting In December 1911, there were several less than half of all members.

In connection with the election at the general meeting in December 1911, new valid members were compiled "a list of persons offered for election ...", who had a mark "to the General Assembly on December 18, 1911" It indicated the names, name and patronymic, professional activity, estate (not always), address and surnames of two guarantors. The corresponding data summary is presented in the following table:

Position, profession, Estate				Repeated mention
Officer, agent on w. d., official state. Institutions
College adviser Daughter to. S.
Engineer, Mining Engineer
Technician (chemist)
Head tobacco store, clarifier T-Va
Head Church-teaches. School, women's educational institution
Home teacher
Widow professor
Doctor's wife
Artist
General, wife, widow, general daughter
Colonel in retirement, reserve lieutenant, colonel wives, captain 2 rank, headquarters
Baron, Baroness
Hereditary nobleman, nobleman, noble
Priests
The hereditary honorary citizen, a personal honorable citizen, their widow
Peasant
Art. s., Daughter with. from.

House of the Russian Assembly.

The Russian Assembly, the monarchical organization in Russia was created in St. Petersburg in October - November 1900 (Charter - January 1901). United representatives of Russian intelligentsia, officials, clergy and landowners of the capital. Initially, the Russian Assembly was a literary and art club. He was controlled by the Council of 18 people. (Chairman - KN. D. Golitsyn, then KN. M.H. Shakhovskaya et al.). There had branches in Kharkov, Kazan, Odessa and other cities. For active political activities, it was transferred from the fall of 1904 (serving the king of addresses, delegations to the king, stormy propaganda in printing, etc.). The 1st Congress of the Russian Assembly (1906) approved the program platform: autocratic and indivisible Russia, the dominant situation of Orthodoxy, but the recognition of the laws of the State Duma ("Orthodoxy. Self-adjusting. Nature").The Russian Assembly took part in all monarchical congresses. Defended the interests of the Russian people. He opposed the liberal-Masonic and revolutionary movement. There have been a number of periodicals: "Izvestia", from 1905 - "Rural Bulletin", "PAKAR", "Russian business", etc.

Russian Assembly (PC), the first Russian public law and monarchical organization.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a Russian national circle was born in November 1900 in the Writers' Writers, scientists and dignitaries of the capital, who led the fancy of the faith and denationalization of the Russian society. Already the title itself was thrown a challenge to public opinion. After all, cosmopolitism at that time was a sign of "good tone" among the Russian educated layer. As one of the contemporaries wrote, the Russian meeting originated, "when the love of Fatherland was in oblivion," when it became unprofitable to be a Russian man. "

On January 16, 1901, the last preliminary meeting took place. It took place in the editorial office of the most authoritative advantage of the New Time newspaper. His publisher A. S. Suvorin was among the forty member of the founders of the PC. In addition to him, the founding members were large figures of domestic science and culture: prof. K.Y.GROT, Acad. N. P. Kondakov, Pom. Director of the Public Library, Dr. Russian history N. P. Likhachev, prof. St. Petersburg and director of the Archaeological Institute N. V. Pokrovsky, Head of the Nikolaev Academy of General Staff General Lieutenant N. N. Suchkin, Director of the State Bank of State Bank of State Bank A. P. Nikolsky, Writers M. M. Koyavovich , V. P. Swatkovsky, V. G. Yangchevetsky (Yang) and others. At the meeting, the draft charter was finally approved and the chairman and two of his comrades were elected. The chairman of the PC was one of the most popular writers of that time of the CN. D. P. Golitsyn (literary pseudonym - MuraValin), and his deputy publicist A. A. Suvorin and writer S. N. Syromyatnikov.

January 26, the charter was officially approved. According to the charter, the goal of the Russian meeting was to promote "clarifying, strengthening in the public consciousness and to implement the original creative principles and household peculiarities of the Russian people." This goal was revealed through the nearest tasks of the new organization, which were proclaimed: "a) the study of Russian and Slavic people's life in its present and past; b) the development of issues of Russian and generally Slavic literature, arts, nationwide, rights and national economy, as well as a study of all other manifestations of Russian and Slavic spiritual and everyday identity; c) the cooling of the purity and correctness of Russian speech. " Art. 3 of the Charter defined the rights that an organization received to achieve its goals: "a) to arrange membership and public meetings, reading, musical evenings and spectacles, as well as artistic and household exhibitions; b) establish competitions and appoint an awards for writing to a given subject and for artistic works; c) produce timeless publications, collections and books, as well as promote sales of books and works of folk art; d) arrange trips and travel with a scientific and educational goal; e) base and maintain a book collection and reading agents, as well as institutions that are intended to spread Russian architecture, Russian clothing and Russian utensils, etc.; e) enter the petitions to the Government on subjects related to the Meeting Goals. " Liberal seal met the news of the emergence of the Russian national organization in the bayonets. The mockery fell to his founders. The detention facility was not limited to the dust, the denunciations were concretized on the name of the influential at that time the Minister of Internal Affairs V. K. Plev, who at first wanted to even close the circle, but, having understood himself, joined him.

12 Feb. 1901 held the first meeting, on which 120 valid meetings were adopted and the Council was elected, which included representatives of the political and cultural elite of the Empire. The first PC Council consisted, in addition to the Chairman and his two comrades, out of 15 people: Publicist, Major General of the Military Court M. M. Borodkin; Famous publicist-Slavophil, Controller General A.V. Vasilyev; Popular poet and publicist B.L. Velichko; Son of the famous Russian commander, Major General c. N. F. Gayden; Statsecretary of the State Council Baron R.A. Dysterlo; prof. Academy of General Staff General Major A. M. Zolotarev; Veteran of patriotic journalism, publisher V. V. Komarov; Future Minister of Agriculture A. V. Krivoshei; Future Statis Secretary of the State Council V. A. Lyschinsky; lawyer and writer for church issues A. A. Folders; censor N. M. Sokolov; Publisher A. S. Suvorin; Future TOV. Minister of Internal Affairs A. N. Haruzin; Writer N. A. Engelgardt; Musicologist, librarian of the State Chancellery S. V. Yuferov.

Initially, PC was engaged exclusively by discussing reports and an evening device. The first form of activities were meetings on Fridays, dedicated to social and political issues and literary Mondays. Fridays initially led V. V. Komarov, but they acquired popularity and influence from the fall of 1902 when V. L. Velichko was headed. From autumn 1901, except for Fridays and Mondays, special meetings appeared (the outskin department was most actively worked chaired by prof. A. M. Zolotarev). From the fall of 1903, chaired by N. A. Engelhardt, literary Tuesdays were held.

The number of PC began to grow rapidly. Already by to. 1901 there were about 1,000 members in it, and to. 1902 - approx. 1600. In Feb. 1903 PC has his own printed organ "News of the Russian Assembly", which have been published by special issues for almost 2 years. 6 Nov. 1903 In Kharkov, professors A. S. Jesigin, V. I. Albitsky, etc. The first PC department was opened. In 1904, departments were created in Odessa, Orenburg, Ekaterinoslava, Warsaw and Wilna. In the fall of 1904, a circle of Russian students under the leadership of the popular Belletrist KN was organized at PC. M. N. Volkonsky and the chairmanship of the student V. I. Yermolov. A little earlier, a similar circle was created in Kharkov. The authority of the assembly increased significantly after December 31. 1904 held the highest reception of the PC deputation as part of the Chairman of the CN Council. DP Golitsyn, Comrades, Chairman of Major General A. M. Zolotarev and N. L. Mordvinov, members of the Council of Prince M. N. Volkonsky and N. A. Engelgardt. I favorably listen to the address reading by them, the emperor Nicholas II Aleksandrovich said: "I thank the heart for honest truthful thoughts. In the fact that you have read, not to add anything, or you can not debug. "

However, during the revolutionary troubles 1905-1906, the Russian meeting did not show any special behavior. As usual reported reports, in Jan. 1906 Instead of the word "Izvestia" began to go out "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly" During 1906, departments in Kazan, Irkutsk, Perm and Poltava were opened. A serious blow to PC became released in the city. 1905 Circular, which prohibited military personnel to consist in political societies. The Russian meeting, which appeared in the list of such societies, was forced to leave St. 200 officers, including one of the founders and most active members of A. M. Zolotarev. The only noticeable event in the life of the organization was the All-Russian Congress of the Russian Assembly, which was held on 8-12 Feb. 1906 in St. Petersburg and who later became known as the 1st All-Russian Congress of Russian People (1st Congress (1st All-Russian Congress of Russian People in St. Petersburg 8-12 Feb. 1906, or the All-Russian Congress of the Russian Assembly)). But the situation required other, primarily the political and more than decisive, actions. However, the PC leaders sought not to interfere with politics and focused exclusively on academic and educational activities.

The situation has radically changed from the 2nd floor. 1906. March 19, 1906 KN. D.P.Golitsyn refused the post of chairman due to frustrated health. For merits to the organization of the Russian meeting, he was elected its first honorary member. (The Charter of PC assumed three forms of membership: Actual, honorable (for merit) and life (for large cash deposits)). Honorary members in the entire history of the existence of PC were only 6. In addition to the KN. Golitsyn was awarded: Chairman of the Council in 1906-1909 kN. M. L. Shakhovskaya, Chairman of the Council in 1909-1912 and member of the Council in 1915-1917 kN. A. N. Lobanov-Rostovsky, member of the Council in 1905-1915, the first editor-publisher of the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly" A. K. Puryshev and two authoritative bishops who actively participate in the activities of PC - Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky) and Seraphim (Chichagov ), consisting by a member of the PC Council. Following the CN Golitsyn left posts. Chairman Chamber of the courtyard I. S. Leontyev. The council elected two TOV. Chairman GR. N.F.Gaidena and N. A. Engelgardta, the last until October performed the responsibility of the Chair. Finally, October 29. 1906 KN was elected chairman of the PC board. M. L. Shakhovskaya. The meeting management was updated, and from that time the PC was significantly activated, starting to turn into a full-fledged political organization. On December 28, a program was adopted, which was based on the Triad "Orthodoxy, autocracy and Russian nationality". The main provisions of the program were such:

1. Orthodoxy. The program noted that "Orthodox faith should be dominant in Russia as professionable by the king and the people and as an immutable basis for Russian education and popular education"; "The Church of the Orthodox should belong to the freedom of internal life and management"; "The voice of the church must be listening to power in all state affairs"; "The arrival device must be laid in the base of the church system, church cathedrals should be revived on the exact basis of the canons." PC proclaimed that it "refers to Old Believers, as to the True-Russian people, jealously keeping legends of their native antiquity, and implies them whenever it speaks about the Orthodox Russian people."

2. Autocracy. The meeting stated that "recognizes the royal autocracy of the most advanced form of government in Russia, seeing the main deposit of both the fulfillment by Russia of its world-Christian calling and its external state power and internal state unity." The program unequivocally proclaimed that "a self-adjustable king, like a supreme judge and the expressive of people's conscience in state affairs, cannot be subject to any responsibility in any other way than God and history." The program urged not to confuse autocratic with despotism, nor with absolutism, for "the autocracy of the Orthodox states is based on the constant union of the king with the people and consists in the unconditional completeness and the inseparalness of the supreme power, so that the unlimited and non-limitation of this power is a fundamental sign of the Concept of autocracy and no The law can neither assign him nor take this sign from him. " The unity of the king with the people involves the need to communicate the king with the population, which "everything is more expedient can be carried out through the central electoral advisory institutions, constantly or periodically convened, or local self-government, alien and bureaucracy, and bureaucracy."

3. Russian nationality. First of all, the program proclaimed that "Russia is one and indivisible, no" autonomy "is not allowed and each attempt to dismember our homeland under any kind, pretext or title, should be found to decisive and solid opposition of all government and public forces " In the outskirts of the first place, it was proposed to put the nationwide interests and the willingness of each nationality to serve Russia. Russian should be state in all institutions. In relation to the basis of social system, PC firmly stood "for the data, as the organizing social beginning, ensuring the order and discipline and inextricably linked with the self-adjusting monarchical system." However, the meeting recognized "their ideal such a system, in which the entire population of the Empire is divided without a balance of estates, flexible and numerous and numerous to cover all groups and classes of the population."

The Jewish question assembly proposed to resolve particularly "in view of the consecrated Talmud and at the same time spontaneously inherent hostility of Jewry to Christianity and Christian peoples and the desire of Jews to the world domination." Moreover, it was emphasized that "said it is predetermined as the impossibility of providing Jews to full equality and cancel or expand the legal disdequacy feature and the need for new restrictions that can neutralize Jewry, protect the spiritual and property safety of the Russian population and public order and prevent violent action against Jews, inevitable all other conditions. "

After the adoption of the program 27 Jan. 1907 The General Assembly decided to supplement the PC Charter. In art. 3, which regulated the rights of the organization, was introduced by "F", which stated that the PC has the right to participate in the elections to the Members of the State Council and the State Duma ... to implement the goals set by the Russian meeting. " This amendment was adopted in the midst of the election campaign. PC took part in the block with the Union of the Russian People (SRN) and a moderately conservative party of legal order in the elections of the State Duma deputies. The union with the legal order party caused serious disagreements inside the PC. A number of prominent leaders (B. V. Nikolsky, A. A. Maikov, KN. A. G. Shcherbatov, etc.) sharply opposed, since they considered an unacceptable agreement with any constitutional party. Only a small majority of votes at the general meeting question was resolved positively. However, the benefits did not bring it, because no deputy from St. Petersburg could have been held.

One of the most important tasks The monarchists always considered the change in the school system that they wanted to see the Orthodoxy and National Education built on the principles. Back in 1902, the member of the Council of PC A. F. Rittich read the report in which he pointed to school as the most reliable means of breeding the youth in the Russian National Spirit. The report was approved and at the same time a charter of an educational institution was developed. But there was no funds, and the opening of the school was postponed to more favorable times.

Finally, 24 seconds. 1907 The General Assembly decided to open the Russian National Academy of Education at PC with the Rights Rights of the Ministry of Folk Enlightenment. In this regard, November 8th. Art. 3 PC Charter was supplemented with a new provision that the meeting has the right to "establish educational institutions and educational institutions with a preliminary relevant permit." The need for a school institution was caused by the belief that Zemskiy and government educational institutions, corrupted to the brain of bones, are brought up from students of bootiers and riots. The first donations to the content of the gymnasium were made by prominent figures of the monarchical movement E. A. Seboyarinov (3000 rubles), A. K. Puryshev (300 rubles) and B. V. Nikolsky (150 rubles).

6 dec. On the feast of Nicholas the Wonderworker (the day of the asoimenitis of the sovereign of the emperor), the gymnasium was solemnly open. EP. Evlegal (Georgievsky) in serving with the clergy - members of the Russian meeting served Prayers. In the opening of the CN. M. L. Shakhovskaya expressed the hope that the institution of the Gymnasium PC will be "the first stone for a strong and durable foundation, in which the Russian National School should develop throughout Russia." Classes in the gymnasium began 11 dec. The director was the teacher of the 1st Cadet Corps of Vasily Aleksandrovich Pankov.

At about the same time, a Russian national men's gymnasium and a diligence house for helping the unemployed were opened at the same time under the Irkutsk PC. The number of local PC departments grew, in 1908 there were already 14. Of these, Kharkov, Kiev, Kazan, Irkutsk and Verkhneudinsky were most actively operating. 27 Apr. 1908 With PC, a Russian outdoor society was opened under the chairmanship of the Doctor of Criminal Law prof. N. D. Sergievsky. The assembly has grown in the rental building on the street. Troitskaya became closely. I needed a permanent room gymnasium. And on May 8, 1908 it was decided to buy for the purpose of the PC building for blacksmith trans. - House of the Russian Assembly.

However, at this time the first signs of the decline of the organization began to appear. Seriously weakened the Russian meeting of the departure from the affairs of the authoritative KN. M. L. Shakhovsky. In connection with the disease on May 9, 1909, he left Petersburg to Kharkov, and then to Crimea. Treatment was delayed, and in Oct. He had to be folded with himself the powers of the Chairman of the Council. 25 Oct. 1909 The PC Council elected the new Chairman of the Member of the State Council of the CN. A. N. Lobanova-Rostovsky, who up to 1912 led the meeting.

During this period, the monarchist movement, including PC, was overwhelmed with splits. As one of the most authoritative and influential monarchical parties, the members of which at different times were almost all prominent figures of the monarchist movement, PC was trying to reconcile supporters A. I. Dubrovina and N. E. Markova. However, this attempt was not crowned with success. Moreover, a sad incident took place in the walls of PC, almost led to the collapse of the organization and aggravated to the limit of the relationship between Dubrovintsev and Markovtsev. At one of the meetings 18 Nov. 1911 there was a collision of a supporter A. I. Dubrovina, B. V. Nikolsky with N. E. Markov about the so-called "dark money". On that day, Nikolsky read the report "The Fourth New Policy Course and the History", which was met by the hands of the listeners. Criticia Chairman of the Council of Ministers P. A. Stolypin for the fact that he conducted a policy aimed at discrediting the right-hand parties, the speaker touched on "dark money". He accused Markov's supporters in the fact that their "splitting activity" is paid from certain secret funds. During the break between him and late Markov, a combination of a fight arose. In this time, it was from a series of out the emerging event. On November 20, the PC Council made a sharp decision on the incident in which Nikolsky condemned. However, the general meeting in which there was a lot of supporters of Dubrovin, not all the points of the ruling took. This led to a crisis in PC. At first, the Council has resigned the powers that practically paralyzed the organization's activities. By long-term negotiations managed to convince the majority of members of the Council to take their statement back. However, the KN. Lobanov-Rostov compounded the responsibilities of the chairman and came out of the Council. The Russian meeting was left without the Chairman.

This incident fell on the page of liberal printing, which used it to discredit the patriotic movement. However, some right journalists helped her. For example, V. I. Drozd-Bonjachevsky in the "Russian Banner" frankly provoked Markov to bring Nikolsky to a duel. After this incident, from 1912 in the inner struggle in the monarchic movement, the PC began to support N. E. Markov's supporters and the Allied Him V. M. Purishkevich. Moreover, 12 Apr. 1912 The most consistent supporters of Dubrovin B. V. N. Yeremchenko (and N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, N. N. Yeremchenko (moreover, Nikolsky was one of the oldest and most active member members and was even its life Member for significant donations for PC needs).

In March 1913, the Chairman of the Assembly Council was elected a retired general, the former Kharkov Governor General, and at that time the head of the commission on organizing campaigns to the North Poles N. Peshkov. But exactly a year later he has folded the chairmanship. The organization showed explicit signs of decline. It is significant that after the departure of Peshkov PC could not be elected to himself. The organization alternately led TOV. Chairman GR. N.F. PAIDEN (from March 1913 to March 1914), in the position of Hoffmeister consisting of a public Alexander Fedorovna c. P. N. Apraksin (from March 1914 to to. 1916) and general from infanteria N.N. Belyavsky (with to. 1916). Difficulties, including financial, led to the fact that in 1913-1914 did not leave the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly".

A serious blow to the prestitution of PC was the inability due to financial difficulties to contain a gymnasium. In June 1913, an aggravated article was published in the newspaper "Start of the end of the Russian Assembly". The entire 1913 Council of PC was looking for the possibility of transferring the gymnasium to the Kazyny cat. However, the Ministry of Folk Enlightenment required to abolish the special charter of the gymnasium, which, in fact, was the most essence of its existence and distinguished the gymnasium from other institutions. The PC Council was forced to agree with this requirement, although he stated his intention in the future to introduce a special charter. 1 Saint. 1913 PC Gymnasium became an ordinary educational institution of St. Petersburg.

Finally, the sad experience of political activity and the situation in the monarchist movement led to the fact that inside the PC prevailed the opinion of the need to return to the initial form of existence - discussing reports and organization of evenings. Jan 26 1914 General Assembly excluded from the charter of paragraph "F" Art. 3. The oldest monarchical party again became an academic circle. Its activity gradually collapsed. This, undoubtedly, influenced the war. Many PC members went to the front. 21 Aug. 1914 "Ladiesky Committee of the Russian Assembly for Help Harvest and Wounded Warriors was created (Honorary Chairman of the gr. E. V. Apraksina). Jan 20 1915 He was adopted under the highest patronage of the Empress Empress Alexandra Fedorovna.

30 Oct. 1914 The Council adopted the proposal of the CN. A. N. Lobanova-Rostovsky and c. P. N. Apraksina on the resumption of the publication of the "Bulletin of the Russian Assembly". Moreover, they assumed 2/3 of the expenses by the publication of the Bulletin. 7 Jan. 1915 came out the first issue of the renewed magazine. Its content corresponded to the overall state of the meeting. In 1916, only 2 general meetings were held, although the Charter was not less than seven. After the February coup, the PC ceased its activities.

In 1918-1919 in the Civil War, one of the well-known members of the organization, a deputy of the State Duma, G. G. Poksamsky tried to revive the Russian meeting in the south of Russia. However, his attempt was not crowned with success. He did not meet an understanding from the command of the Volunteer Army. And soon and he himself died from the typhus in Vladikavkaz. PC played a big role in the awakening of the national self-consciousness in the circles of metropolitan officials and intelligentsia. When PC only made the first steps, evil liberal languages \u200b\u200bnicknamed the organization of the Russian Colonia in St. Petersburg. Responding to the enemies, an anonymous author of the "historical essay of the Russian meeting" wrote: "Yes, the Russian meeting turned out to be the first Russian colony arising in the non-Russian capital of the Russian state. The colony was boldly crashed into an impermanent Dotola foreign trap and there, in the very center of the Thale hell of those days, she boldly unfolded and raised the sacred staging with the Great Russian inscription "Orthodoxy, autocracy, Russian people". "

A. Stepanov

House of the Russian Collection

House of the Russian Assembly, headquarters of the first monarchical organization Russian Assembly (PC) in St. Petersburg, the place of monarchical forums.

The idea of \u200b\u200bacquiring his own home appeared when PC opened the gymnasium, and in the rental building on the street. Troitskaya became closely. The history of the House of the Russian Assembly began typically in Russian: "In Tikhvina, Novgorod province, in the Big Tikhvin monastery, famous for his wellness, gathered Russian people - members of the Russian Assembly: A. K. Puryshev, F. G. Bazhanov and P . P. Surin. Feb 29. 1908, Friday, after the dinner, the Russian people were sitting for tea and the first conversation arose about the Russian meeting and its activities ... "Puryshev, Bazhanov and Surin were large and highly respected in St. Petersburg merchants, long-standing PC members. They concluded that for the needs of PC, primarily for the placement of the gymnasium, it is necessary to purchase its own home. Bazhanov, just going to sell his house for blacksmith trans. 20, agreed to give him a meeting of cheaper costs and on preferential terms. May 8, 1908 At the General Assembly, it was decided to buy this building for the purposes of PC. And on June 25, a member of the PC prot. I. I. Vestogolov served prayers in the new building of the meeting.

However, the building needed restructuring and expansion. He began collecting funds, one of the first 200 rubles. donated about. John Kronstadt. Nevertheless, money was missing, construction threatened to delay. And then the king came to the rescue. March 24, 1909 on the eve of the Great Christian holiday of the Annunciation, when the Orthodox adopted gifts, KN. M. L. Shakhovsky notified that the next day it is necessary to assemble the meeting of the Council. By 2 h. He arrived in the Tsarist Prascan - a member of the PC KN. A. A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, who did a state report on the needs of the meeting, - and told the gathered: "His Majesty Sovereign to the Emperor Nikolay Alexandrovich, the autocrat of the All-Russian, was well-known, in the joyful for the whole Christian world the Day of Annunciation - March 25 of this 1909, - Everyworthist to come to a post of thousand rubles to the House of the Russian Assembly and His Gymnasium. "

Apr 1 The emergency solemn meeting took place. Speaking on it, Chairman PC KN. Shakhovskaya said that "this royal grace will respond in the heart of each of us, as the favor of the August leader of the Russian people to the cultural tasks of the Russian meeting, as recognition from the height of the throne of the Russian meeting, fruitful and useful on the soil of the historical foundations of Russian life." At the suggestion of his oldest member, L. N. Pavlekova PC decided: the church in the meeting house is consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas on the day of the sovereignness of the sovereign; Collect permission to name the PC house them. Emperor Nicholas II; Of the granted funds, establish the Nikolaev scholarship in the gymnasium of the meeting; Agricultural address and send deputation to the sovereign (adopted by King 22 Apr.). Thanks to the donation of the sovereign, construction accelerated, and already July 1, 1909 PC and gymnasium moved to their own home. Finally, the dreams of PC members "firmly settle in their own home are firmly settle down on their own Earth."

Consecration of the house PC took place 21 Oct. On the day of the Emperor's Emperor's throne. Archite Volynsky and Zhytomyr Anthony (Khrapovitsky), who served Prayer, appealing to the members of the oldest monarchical organization, said: "The Russian meeting, like the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, at one time from the caveman who made the center of spiritual education in Russia should fulfill its high task" National Enlightenment people. Vladyka expressed the hope that the PC house will become a school for all Russia and the Russian people.

The house consisted of two flibels - facial and supervisory. The facial classes of the gymnasium, the library and the reading room, the Cabinets of the Chair, the Council meetings, the reception, office and living rooms were located. Particularly wonderful was the surveillance flaghel. In it on the first floor there was a special chamber. Alexander III, painted in the style of Russian chambers of the XVII century. and tired of the furniture of that time. The Painting of the Chamber was carried out in drawings of a member of the meeting N. N. Rubtsov. Above the ward there was a large two-year-old hall of common assemblies with choras and pops with three outdates, one of which led to the Avanzal, decorated with sketches of the same Rubsov. Above the hall was the recreational hall of the gymnasium and the church. The iconostasis, the icons and utensils of the PC church were also fulfilled in the Old Russian style. The church had a ringing. Feb. 2 1910 The first divine liturgium in the PC temporary church was served.

January 23, 1911 EP. Chisinau Seraphim (Chichagov) in serving with priests, members of the PC, the church was consecrated in the name of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (so solved the priesthood). The abbot of the church and at the same time a member of the State Council of Prof. became the penis of the Gymnasium PC. Theology prot. T. I. Butkevich.

In the House of the Russian Assembly, not only the general meetings and meetings of PC were held, often the premises rented other monarchical organizations, but the main public meeting, held in the walls of the house, was undoubtedly a meeting of Petrograd (meeting of monarchists November 21-23, 1915 in Petrograd), In which many prominent state and church figures of Russia took part in the work.

After the revolution, the church in the PC house was closed, the building belonged to many organization, repeatedly rebuilt, stucco, painting and furniture are lost. Now in the building is the St. Petersburg Medical School of the October Railway.

A. Stepanov

Materials are used: black hundred. Historical encyclopedia 1900-1917. Ot. Editor O.A. Platonov. M., Kraft +, Institute of Russian Civilization, 2008.

Literature:

Alekseev I. E. In the name of Christ and to the glory of the Sovereign (the history of the "Kazan Society of Swords" and the Kazan Department of the Russian Assembly in short essays, documents and comments to them): in two parts. Ch. I. Kazan, 2003;

Bulatsel P. F. Russian Assembly. 1901-1910. Brow, essay // Bulletin of the Russian Assembly. 1911. No. 5;

Bulletin of the Russian Assembly. 1912. No. 1; House and gymnasium of the Russian meeting. St. Petersburg, 1910;

House and gymnasium of the Russian meeting. St. Petersburg., 1910.

East. Essays of the Russian Assembly (until 1911) // Bulletin of the Russian Assembly. 1912. No. 1;

Kiryanov Yu. I. Russian meeting. 1900-1917. M., 2003;

Omelianchuk I. V. A pregnant movement in the Russian Empire (1901-1914). Monograph. Kiev, 2006;

Report on the activities of the Kharkov Department of the Russian Assembly for 1903-1904. Kharkov, 1905;

Report of the Russian Assembly for 1908-1916. St. Petersburg, 1909-1916;

Right parties. 1905-1917. Documents and materials. In 2 tt. / Sost. Art., comments. Yu. I. Kiryanova. M., 1998;

The program of the Russian Assembly. St. Petersburg, 1906;

List of founders of the Russian meeting. SPb., 1901;

The list of members of the Russian meeting with adj. East. Essay assembly. St. Petersburg, 1906;

List of members of the Russian Assembly. 1913. SPb., 1913;

Stepanov A. D. Russian Assembly // Holy Rus. Big Encyclopedia of the Russian People. Russian patriotism. GL Ed., Sost. O. A. Platonov, Sost. A. D. Stepanov. M., 2003;

Charter of the Russian meeting. SPb., 1901; GHG, 1916.

Regional departments of PC:

Kazan Department of the Russian Assembly (Cors), one of the most influential law-monarchical organizations of Kazan and Kazan lips. in n. XX century.

Kiev Russian meeting (CRS), one of the most influential law-monarchical organizations in Kiev. CRS was founded in 1904 initially as Kiev Department of the Russian Assembly

(All-Russian Congress of People of Land Russian), passed in Kiev October 1-7, 1906

Fourth All-Russian Congress of the Joint Russian People (The All-Russian Congress of Russian People), passed in Moscow on April 26 - May 1, 1907.

Jewish pogroms, the organization of which is attributed to the mannefacts.

"Russian Assembly"

monarchy monarchy. Organization in Russia; Created in St. Petersburg in Okt. - Nov. 1900 (Charter - Jan. 1901). United representatives of the reaction. Intelligentsia, officials, clergy and landowners of the capital. Original "R. s." It was lit.-art. Club. He was controlled by the Council of 18 people. (Prev - KN. D. Golitsyn, then kN. M. X. Shakhovskaya et al.). There had branches in Kharkov, Kazan, Odessa and other cities. To active politics. The activities have passed since the fall of 1904 (feeding the king of addresses, delegations to the king, stormy propaganda in print, etc.). 1st Congress "R. s." (1906) approved the program platform: autocratic and indivisible Russia, the preservation of landlord land ownership, dominance. The provisions of Orthodoxy, but recognition of laws. State Duma ("autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nature"). "R. s." Take part in all monarchy. and worm conventions. Had a number of periodic. Editions: "Izvestia", from 1905 - "Sella. Bulletin", "Pakhac", "Rus. Business", etc. existed before the fall of autocracy (Fevr. 1917).

Lit.: "Union Rus. People." According to Mat-Lama, extraordinary investigations. Commission time. pr-va. 1917 Sost. A. Chernovsky, L., 1929; B. Nikolsky diary (1905-07), "ka", 1934, vol. 2 (63); Bogdanovich A. V., Diary. The last three autocrats, M.-L., 1924; Tikhomirov L. A., memories, M.-L., 1927; Levitsky V., Right Party, in the book: Societies. Movement in Russia in the beginning. XX century, vol. 3, St. Petersburg, 1914.

N. P. Eroshkin. Moscow.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. E. M. Zhukov. 1973-1982 .

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Books

• Vocal works. 1893-1905. Notes rated Maurice. This publication opens the first complete russian meeting The vocal writings of the outstanding French composer Maurice Ravel (1875-1937). Many vocal miniatures of interest ...