Aviation: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Russian Air Force: history of development and current composition Types of Air Force aircraft

The Russian Federation is a powerful aviation power with its own history, military air force capable of resolving any conflict, threatening our country. This was clearly demonstrated by the events recent months in Syria, where Russian pilots are successfully flying fighting against the ISIS army, which represents a terrorist threat to the entire modern world.

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Russian aviation began its existence in 1910, but officially the starting point was August 12, 1912 when Major General M.I. Shishkevich took control of all units in the Aeronautical Unit of the General Staff organized by that time.

Having existed for a very short time, the military aviation of the Russian Empire became one of the best air forces of that time, although the aircraft industry in Russian state was in its infancy and Russian pilots had to fight on foreign-made aircraft.

"Ilya Muromets"

Although Russian state bought planes from other countries, the Russian land has never been scarce for talented people. In 1904 Professor Zhukovsky founded an institute for the study of aerodynamics, and in 1913 the young Sikorsky designed and built his famous bomber. "Ilya Muromets" and a biplane with four engines "Russian Knight", designer Grigorovich developed various hydroplane schemes.

The aviators Utochkin and Artseulov were very popular among the pilots of that time, and the military pilot Pyotr Nesterov amazed everyone by completing his legendary “dead loop” and became famous in 1914 by ramming an enemy plane in the air. In the same year, Russian pilots conquered the Arctic for the first time during flights to search for the missing pioneers of the North from the Sedov expedition.

The Russian Air Force was represented by the Army and Naval aviation, each type had several aviation groups, which included air squadrons of 6-10 aircraft each. Initially, the pilots were engaged only in adjusting artillery fire and reconnaissance, but then with the help of bombs and machine guns they destroyed enemy manpower. With the advent of fighters, battles began to destroy enemy aircraft.

1917

By the autumn of 1917, Russian aviation numbered about 700 aircraft, but then the October Revolution broke out and it was disbanded, many Russian pilots died in the war, and most of the survivors of the revolutionary coup emigrated. The young Soviet republic in 1918 founded its own air force under the name of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Air Fleet. But the fratricidal war is over and about military aviation forgotten, only at the end of the 30s, with the course towards industrialization, did its revival begin.

The Soviet government intensively took up the construction of new enterprises in the aviation industry and the creation of design bureaus. In those years, brilliant Soviet aircraft designers – Polikarpov, Tupolev, Lavochkin, Ilyushin, Petlyakov, Mikoyan and Gurevich.

For the training and education of flight personnel, flying clubs were founded as schools for the initial training of pilots. After receiving piloting skills in such institutions, cadets were sent to flight schools, and then distributed to combat units. More than 20 thousand cadets were trained in 18 flight schools, technical personnel were trained in 6 institutions.

The leaders of the USSR understood that the first socialist state was in dire need of an air force and took all measures to rapid increase aircraft fleet. At the turn of the 40s, wonderful fighters appeared, built in the Yakovlev and Lavochkin Design Bureau - these are Yak-1 And LaG-3, Ilyushin Design Bureau commissioned the first attack aircraft, designers led by Tupolev created a long-range bomber TB-3, and the design bureau of Mikoyan and Gurevich completed flight tests of the fighter.

1941

At the beginning of the summer of 1941, the aviation industry, on the verge of war, produced 50 aircraft per day, and three months later doubled the production of aircraft.

But for the Soviet aviation, the beginning of the war was tragic, most of the aviation equipment located at the airfields in the border zone was broken right in the parking lots without having time to take off. Our pilots in the first battles, having no experience, used outdated tactics and as a result suffered heavy losses.

It was possible to reverse the situation only in the middle of 1943, when the flight crew gained the necessary experience and aviation began to receive more modern technology, aircraft such as fighters Yak -3, La-5 And La-7, modernized attack aircraft with an air gunner IL-2, bombers, long-range bombers.

In total, more than 44 thousand pilots were trained and released during the war period, but the losses were huge - 27,600 pilots died in battles on all fronts. By the end of the war, our pilots had gained complete air superiority.

After the end of hostilities, a period of confrontation began, known as cold war. In aviation, the era of jet aircraft began, a new type of military equipment appeared - helicopters. During these years, aviation developed rapidly, more than 10 thousand aircraft were built, the creation of projects for fourth-generation fighters and Su-29, began the development of machines of the fifth generation.

1997

But the subsequent collapse Soviet Union buried all undertakings that emerged from its composition, the republics divided all aviation among themselves. In 1997, the President of the Russian Federation, by his decree, announced the creation of the Russian Air Force, which combined the air defense and air force forces.

Russian aviation had to participate in two Chechen wars and the Georgian military conflict; at the end of 2015, a limited contingent of the air force was redeployed to the Syrian Republic, where it successfully conducts military operations against world terrorism.

The nineties were a period of degradation of Russian aviation, this process was stopped only in the early 2000s, by the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Major General A.N. Zelin in 2008 described the situation in Russian aviation as extremely difficult. The training of military personnel has significantly decreased, many airfields have been abandoned and collapsed, aircraft equipment has been serviced unsatisfactorily, training flights have practically ceased due to lack of finances.

year 2009

Since 2009, the level of preparedness of personnel has begun to rise, aviation equipment has been modernized and overhauled, purchases of new aircraft and renewal of the aircraft fleet have begun. The development of the fifth generation aircraft is nearing completion. Flight personnel began regular flights and improves his skills, the material well-being of pilots and technicians has increased.

The Russian Air Force is steadily conducting exercises, improving combat skills and craftsmanship.

Structural organization of the air force

On August 1, 2015, the Air Force organizationally merged into the military space forces, the commander-in-chief of which was Colonel-General Bondarev. The Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces is currently Lieutenant General Yudin.

The Russian Air Force consists of the main types of aviation - these are long-range, military transport and army aviation. Radio engineering, anti-aircraft and missile troops are also included in the Air Force. The most important functions for ensuring intelligence and communications, protection against weapons mass destruction, rescue operations and electronic warfare are carried out by special troops also included in the air force. In addition, the Air Force cannot be imagined without engineering and rear services, medical and meteorological units.

The Russian Air Force is designed to perform the following tasks:

Reflection of any attacks of the aggressor in the air and space.
Implementation of air cover for launchers, cities and all significantly important objects,
Conducting reconnaissance.
Destruction of enemy troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.
Close air support for ground forces.

Back in 2008, a reform of Russian aviation took place, which structurally divided the air force into commands, brigades and air bases. The command was based territorial principle, which abolished the Air Force and Air Defense Army.

To date, the commands are located in four cities - St. Petersburg, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk and Rostov-on-Don. A separate command exists for long-range and military transport aviation, located in Moscow. By 2010, there were about 70 former aviation regiments, and now these are air bases, in total there were 148 thousand people in the air force, and the Russian Air Force is second only to US aviation in numbers.

Military equipment of Russian aviation

Long-range and strategic aircraft

One of the brightest representatives of long-range aviation is the Tu-160, which carries affectionate name"White Swan". This machine was produced during the Soviet Union, develops supersonic speed and has a variable sweep wing. according to the plan of the developers, it is capable of overcoming enemy air defenses at ultra-low altitude and delivering a nuclear strike. There are only 16 such aircraft in the Russian Air Force, and the question is - will our industry be able to establish the production of such aircraft?

The aircraft of the Tupolev Design Bureau first took to the air during Stalin's lifetime and has been in service ever since. Four turboprop engines allow long-distance flights along the entire border of our country. Nickname " Bear"deserved because of the bass sound of these motors, capable of carrying cruise missiles and nuclear bombs. In the Russian Air Force, 30 of these machines remained in service.

A long-range strategic missile carrier with economical engines capable of flying at supersonic speed, equipped with a variable sweep wing, the production of these aircraft was launched back in the last century in the 60s. Are in the ranks of 50 cars, a hundred aircraft Tu-22M mothballed.

Fighter aircraft

The front-line fighter was produced in the Soviet era, belongs to the first aircraft of the fourth generation, late modifications of this aircraft, about 360 units, are in service.

On the base Su-27 a vehicle with electronic equipment was released, capable of identifying targets on the ground and in the air at a great distance and transmitting target designations to other crews. There are 80 such aircraft in total.

Even deeper modernization Su-27 became a fighter, this aircraft belongs to the 4 ++ generation, it has high maneuverability and is equipped with the latest electronics.

These aircraft entered combat units in 2014; the air force has 48 aircraft.

The fourth generation of Russian aircraft began with MiG-27, more than two dozen modified models of this machine were produced, in total 225 combat units are in service.

Another fighter-bomber that cannot be left out is the latest aircraft in service with the Air Force in the amount of 75 units.

Attack aircraft and interceptors

- This exact copy The F-111 aircraft of the US Air Force, which has not been flying for a long time, its Soviet counterpart is still in service, but by 2020 all aircraft will be decommissioned, now there are about a hundred such aircraft in service.

Legendary Stormtrooper Su-25 Grach, which has high survivability, was developed in the 70s so successfully that after so many years of operation they are going to modernize it, since they do not yet see a worthy replacement. Today, 200 combat-ready vehicles and 100 aircraft are on conservation.

The interceptor develops high speed in a matter of seconds and is designed for a long range. The modernization of this machine by the twentieth year will be completed, in total there are 140 such aircraft in parts.

Military transport aviation

The main fleet of transport aircraft is the Antonov Design Bureau and several modifications of the Ilyushin Design Bureau. Among them are light transporters and An-72, medium duty vehicles An-140 And An-148, solid heavy trucks An-22, An-124 And . About three hundred transport workers carry out tasks for the delivery of goods and military equipment.

training aircraft

Designed after the collapse of the Union, the only training aircraft went into production, immediately gaining a reputation as an excellent training machine with an aircraft imitation program for which a future pilot is being retrained. In addition to him, there is a Czech training aircraft L-39 and an aircraft for training pilots of transport aviation Tu-134UBL.

Army Aviation

This type of aviation is represented mainly by Mil and Kamov helicopters, and even by the machine of the Kazan Ansat Helicopter Plant. After being discontinued, the Russian army aviation was replenished with a hundred and the same number. Most of the helicopters in combat units are proven and Mi-24. Eights in service - 570 units, and Mi-24- 620 units. The reliability of these Soviet machines is beyond doubt.

Unmanned aircraft

In the USSR, little importance was attached to this type of weapon, but technological progress does not stand still, and in modern times, drones have found worthy use. These aircraft conduct reconnaissance and filming of enemy positions, carry out the destruction of command posts without risk to the lives of people who control these drones. In the Air Force, several types of UAVs are "Pchela-1T" And "Reis-D", the obsolete Israeli drone is still in service "Outpost".

Prospects for the Russian Air Force

In Russia, several aircraft projects are under development and some are close to completion. Undoubtedly, the new fifth-generation aircraft will arouse great interest among the general public, especially since it has already been demonstrated. PAK FA T-50 passes the final stage of flight tests and will enter combat units in the near future.

An interesting project was presented by the Ilyushin Design Bureau, the aircraft and, developed by its designers, are replacing the Antonov machines and removing our dependence on the supply of spare parts from Ukraine. The newest fighter aircraft is put into operation, test flights of new rotorcraft are being completed and Mi-38. Started developing a project for a new strategic aircraft PAK-DA, they promise that it will be lifted into the air in 2020.

Military aircraft are aircraft used for military front-line or combat sorties, respectively, designed for high power without regard to economy, in contrast to civil aviation aircraft.

From military aircraft, first of all, a high rate of climb is required, as well as high speed, altitude and flight range. For the operational conduct of air warfare, long-range bomber aircraft and missile carriers are used to destroy military installations. Tanker aircraft, which have only fuel on board, have the ability to refuel combat aircraft directly in flight. Military aircraft include long-range reconnaissance aircraft with long range, altitude and airspeed. Tactical military aircraft include fighter (or fighter) aircraft, fighter-bombers, light bombers, and tactical reconnaissance aircraft. Modern military aircraft are often designed as multipurpose, i.e. they are intended for combat use as attack aircraft, fighter-interceptors and reconnaissance aircraft.

1) Fighter aircraft (fighters)

A fighter aircraft is a very fast one- or two-seat combat aircraft to destroy (search for) enemy combat aircraft, unmanned missiles, etc. All modern fighters, as a drive, are equipped with one or two air-jet engines. The speed exceeds the sound speed and is currently about 3,500 km/h, the rate of climb near the ground is over 200 m/s, and the maximum operating altitude is up to 30,000 m. .7 cm) and ballistic, radio-controlled or homing air-to-air missiles. In addition, for the most part, fighter planes have extensive electronic equipment such as radar, recognition device, etc.

Heavy fighter aircraft or fighter-bombers combine the flight power and flight qualities of fighters - high combat speed and rate of climb, high maximum flight altitude, good maneuverability - and the qualities of light and medium bombers - long flight range, good armament, high payload, extensive electronic and radar equipment. In their combat capabilities, they are highly versatile. Among them designated purpose, among other things, include actions to intercept and assault ground targets, search for submarines, support ship formations and ground combat operations, combat use as an escort fighter or reconnaissance aircraft. Armament and equipment correspond to the tasks assigned. Radar installations are standard; armament consists, as a rule, of large-caliber guns and missiles (air-to-air or air-to-ground), as well as bombs and torpedoes as bomber weapons. Since these military aircraft are not in the fuselage free space, then bombs, rockets and additional fuel tanks are suspended under and at the ends of the wings. The speed indicators of heavy bombers are between Mach 0.2 and 2, the maximum flight altitude is from 15,000 to 20,000 m, and the flight range is from 1,500 to 4,500 km.

Previously, there were special night fighters that were used specifically for combat operations at night, as they were equipped with devices for blind flight. Most modern fighter planes are all-weather, i.e. they can make sorties in case of bad weather conditions and also at night. Also, often all-weather fighter aircraft are called heavy fighters, since they are in most cases two-seat and equipped with two engines.

The essence of effective air defense is to "intercept" the attacking enemy and interfere with the performance of his combat mission, and therefore destroy. This requires fighter planes with good takeoff power, high speeds, with a large maximum flight altitude and good weapons, namely interceptor fighters. First of all, they are deployed in close proximity to the border of industrial centers and other protected objects.

The use of high-speed and high-flying combat aircraft (bombers) with a jet engine significantly increased the requirements for rate of climb, speed and maximum height of fighter-interceptors. This results in the following power characteristics: maximum speed from 2000 to 2500 km/h, flight range is 2000-3500 km. Such indicators require, with an average takeoff weight of 7 to 12 tons, the use of engines with a thrust of 3000 to 5000 kgf, whose power can be increased by another 50% due to additional fuel combustion. For short-term acceleration, especially when climbing, additional rocket propulsion systems can serve.

2) Bomber planes (bombers)

Fighter aircraft are primarily used to solve defensive tasks, while for bombers, offensive operations are put in the foreground. A bomber is a large, heavy military aircraft with multiple turbojet engines (jet turbines or turboprops). On short runways or when overburdened, bombers are often equipped with auxiliary launch rockets.

Bombers are tasked with quickly and at high altitudes to attack distant targets with bursting charges in the form of bombs. Due to the great danger of approaching a target in an enemy area, more and more bombers are being upgraded to missile carriers, which launch missiles at a great distance from the target and remotely control it until it is hit, while the bomber itself is outside the area controlled by enemy forces. The take-off weight of modern bombers reaches 230 tons, and the total thrust is over 50,000 kgf, or, accordingly, the total power is approximately 50,000 hp. Bomb load depends on tactical range; it is up to 16,000 km without refueling, and even more with air refueling. The flight altitude reaches 20,000 m, and the crew can be 12 people. The speed of modern bombers exceeds 2000 km/h; on this moment bombers are being designed that will have even greater speed. Defensive armament consists of missiles, machine guns and automatic cannons.

Like all types of aircraft, bombers can also be classified according to various aspects, such as bomb load and thus takeoff weight (light, medium and heavy bombers) or depending on their military purpose(tactical and strategic bombers).

Tactical bombers are aircraft designed to solve certain particular tasks of operational warfare, namely, tactical missions. This refers to such actions that change the situation on a certain sector of the front and subjugate the entire target, and therefore the destruction of enemy troops, assembly areas, firing positions, airfields, supply routes, etc. in a certain area of concentration of enemy troops.

Proceeding from such a statement of the problem, it is possible to formulate the main requirements for tactical bombers: high combat speed, bomb load up to 10 tons, maximum flight range up to 6000 km. As a result of these requirements, design features, which can be summarized as follows: aircraft with one, two, three or four jet engines with a takeoff weight of 20 to 50 tons, with remotely controlled defensive weapons or air-to-air missiles, electronic and radar equipment, with a strong body capable of withstanding heavy loads when flying at low altitudes. From all this, it can be argued that tactical bombers have a certain similarity with heavy fighters, both in their tasks and in terms of parameters.

strategic bombers. Strategy is the science of waging war on a large scale. The word strategic means large-scale military operations. This also explains the combat mission of strategic bombers. These military aircraft are designed to perform combat missions deep behind enemy lines.

All bombers are equipped with radar devices to search for targets and determine the location of attacking fighter aircraft. A sortie is made in small groups or alone. Since modern bombers have almost the same speed as fighters, the same flight range as them, and also significant defense capability due to air-to-air missiles, fighter cover is often abandoned today.

For the first time, bombers began to be used during the First World War alone or in small groups. In the Second World War, "massive" sorties took place as part of large groups, which numbered several hundred bombers and flew under the cover of fighter planes. The then bombers had several engines, were relatively slow, designed for maximum bomb load and a large number of defensive weapons. Modern ones, on the other hand, are designed for long range, altitude, and flight speed. In most cases, reconnaissance aircraft flew ahead and were intended to search for a target. Unlike the bombers of the time, they were equipped with radar instruments. Thanks to the luminous aerial bombs dropped by parachutes, the target was designated. A dive bomber was considered a special type, which approached the target from a high altitude, then rammed it in a fast dive flight, and dropped one or more bombs from a short distance. After that, the bomber again leveled its position in flight. After the design of intercontinental missiles, there was an opinion that strategic bombers were outdated. But thanks to their improvement to missile carriers and flying launchers in Lately they have regained their importance.

3) Reconnaissance aircraft (scouts)

These are multi-seat, lightly armed fighters or bombers (without bomb load), which are equipped with aerial cameras, radar instruments, often devices for transmitting television signals, or also shipborne aircraft for aerial reconnaissance, i.e. for reconnaissance of positions, objects, etc. of the enemy, territory and weather conditions in the interests of all parts of their own armed forces. Previously, depending on the maximum flight range and scope, short-range and long-range reconnaissance aircraft were distinguished. Today they talk, depending on the combat mission, about tactical and strategic intelligence officers. There are special reconnaissance aircraft for conducting artillery fire from the air, for reconnaissance of the area in the zone of fire of their own artillery thanks to visual reconnaissance or aerial photographs, as well as to control the camouflage of their own artillery. Such aircraft are called artillery aircraft. They refer to short-range reconnaissance or tactical reconnaissance.

4) Military transport aircraft

These are large aircraft that have from 2 to 8 engines and a flight range of 3000 km or more. They are lightly armed or not armed at all and are designed to transport supplies for the troops (food, fuel, ammunition, weapons, as well as guns, tanks, vehicles, etc.). Military transport aircraft are used for landing (landing) airborne troops, as well as the transportation of troops during regroupings. The fleet of military transport aviation vehicles consists of transport aircraft, cargo gliders and helicopters, which are suitably equipped.

"Our answer to Chamberlain" - the latest Russian military aircraft

If you look at what the Russian aviation industry can now offer to the domestic air force, then we will mainly see modifications of the fourth generation Su-27 and MiG-29 aircraft. They even came up with a new classification for them, the MiG-35, and they refer to the 4 ++ generation, thereby indicating that this is almost the fifth generation. There is no doubt, and the MiG-29 and Su-27 are really wonderful machines that were among the best in the world. But that was in the late eighties. The latest versions of these machines, of course, have been seriously modified, engines have been improved, new electronics and navigation systems have been installed, but will they be able to withstand the Raptor in battle?

A new generation aircraft has already been created in Russia - this is PAK-FA (a promising front-line aviation complex), aka T-50. With its futuristic shape, the new Russian aircraft is very reminiscent of the F-22. The aircraft first took to the air in 2010, and in 2011 it was shown to the general public for the first time at the MAKS air show. We have very little reliable information about this latest machine. Currently, the aircraft is being finalized, but in the near future it should go into series.

In order to try to compare the PAK-FA with its American counterpart F-22, you need to clearly understand what the fifth generation aircraft is and how it differs from previous machines. The military put forward clear requirements for the new generation car. Such an aircraft must have low visibility in all wavelength ranges, primarily in radar and infrared, it must be multifunctional, extremely maneuverable, maintain supersonic cruising speed (go to supersonic speed without afterburner), be able to conduct all-aspect close combat and carry out multi-channel firing of missiles. at a great distance. The aircraft of the fifth generation must have "advanced" electronics, which would greatly facilitate the work of the pilot.

Experts are already comparing the F-22 and PAK-FA, using the meager information that is available today. The newest Russian aircraft has large dimensions, including wingspan, and therefore, most likely, it will be more maneuverable than its American counterpart. PAK-FA has a slightly higher maximum speed, but loses to the "American" in cruising. The Russian aircraft has a greater practical range and a lower takeoff weight. However, the PAK-FA loses to the F-22 in stealth.

It is not easy to compare these two aircraft, and above all because of the lack of information. There is one more nuance: modern aircraft are not only aerodynamics and weapons, but primarily electronics that control all aircraft systems. The USSR has always lagged behind in this area, and Russia is doing the same for the time being. The radar of a Russian aircraft is not inferior to the best world analogues, but the onboard equipment leaves much to be desired.

In 2014 it started small mass production PAK-FA, the start of serial production of the aircraft is scheduled for 2019.

Here is a comparison of the two aircraft.

The flight of the Berkut

Another very interesting machine created at the Sukhoi Design Bureau is the Su-47. It is a pity that it is still at the prototype stage. This aircraft has a reverse swept wing, which provides the machine with unprecedented maneuverability and rate of climb. Composite materials were widely used in the Su-47, and the control interface in the cockpit was significantly improved.

The Su-47 was also created as a prototype of the fifth generation aircraft. But it still falls short of the requirements put forward for such machines. "Berkut" cannot fly at supersonic speed without afterburner. In the future, they plan to equip the aircraft with a new engine with a variable thrust vector, which would allow the Su-47 to overcome the supersonic barrier without afterburner.

Berkut made its first flight in 1997, only one such aircraft was built. It is currently being used as a test.

Here are the characteristics of the Su-47 Berkut aircraft.

Another new aircraft recently adopted by the Russian Air Force is the . In 2014, 12 such aircraft arrived in the VKS air regiments, in total, by the end of 2019, the Air Force will receive 48 Su-35s. This aircraft, developed at the Sukhoi Design Bureau, belongs to the 4++ generation and has technical and combat characteristics almost at the level of the fifth generation aircraft.

It differs from PAK-FA only in the absence of stealth technologies and an active phased antenna array (AFAR). The aircraft is equipped with a new information and control system, phased array radar, new engines with thrust vector control, which can reach supersonic speed without afterburner. The airframe has also been strengthened.

With the adoption of this aircraft, Russian military pilots can fight back against the latest aircraft of the latest generation.

The main characteristics of the Su-35 aircraft:

All of the above aircraft have already left the design bureaus and factory floors and have long made their first flight. Currently, the Ilyushin Design Bureau is developing new lightweight transport aircraft, which should replace the obsolete An-26.

The first flight of the future transport aircraft is scheduled for 2019, and the start of its mass production is scheduled for 2019. The new machine will have a carrying capacity of up to six tons, it will be equipped with two turboprop engines. The IL-112 will be able to land and take off both from equipped runways and from unpaved airfields. In addition to the cargo modification of the aircraft, aircraft manufacturers plan to create a passenger version of the aircraft, which can be used on regional airlines.

"Mig" of the fifth generation

Sergei Korotkov, general director of the RAC MiG, told reporters that the design bureau specialists are working on a fifth-generation fighter. The new vehicle will most likely be based on the MiG-35 (another Russian 4++ generation vehicle). According to the developers, the new MiG will be very different from the PAK FA and will perform completely different functions.

New strategic bomber

Russia is developing a new strategic bomber to replace the Tu-160 and Tu-95 aircraft. The development of the new PAK DA (a promising long-range aviation complex) was entrusted to the Tupolev Design Bureau, although it can be noted that the Tupolev team began work on this machine back in 2009. In 2014, a contract was signed between the Design Bureau and the Ministry of Defense for design work.

There is very little information about the future aircraft, but the leadership of the Russian Air Force has stated that the aircraft will be subsonic, will be able to carry more weapons than the Tu-160, and most likely will be made according to the "flying wing" design.

The readiness of the first machine is expected in 2020, and the start of mass production in 2025. It should be noted that work on the creation of a similar aircraft is now underway in the United States. As part of the Next Generation Bomber project, a subsonic aircraft is being developed with low level visibility and a large range (about nine thousand kilometers). According to media reports, the cost of one such machine can reach half a billion dollars.

After the collapse of the USSR, the aviation industry went through hard times. Many projects have been delayed for years and now is the time to catch up. A sixth-generation fighter is to be developed, but so far this is almost a fantasy.

Video: new Russian aircraft

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Modern Air Force Russian Federation are traditionally the most mobile and maneuverable branch of the Armed Forces. The equipment and other means in service with the Air Force are intended, first of all, to repel aggression in the aerospace sphere and protect the administrative and industrial and economic centers of the country, groupings of troops and important objects from enemy attacks; to ensure the actions of the Ground Forces and the Navy; strikes against enemy groupings in the sky, on land and at sea, as well as against its administrative-political and military-economic centers.

The existing Air Forces, in terms of their organizational and staffing structure, date back to 2008, when the country began to form a new look for the Russian Armed Forces. Then the Air Force and Air Defense Commands were formed, subordinate to the newly created operational-strategic commands: Western, Southern, Central and Eastern. The Air Force High Command was assigned the tasks of planning and organizing combat training, the long-term development of the Air Force, as well as training the leadership of the control bodies. In 2009-2010, a transition was made to a two-level air force command and control system, as a result of which the number of formations was reduced from 8 to 6, and air defense formations were reorganized into 11 aerospace defense brigades. Air regiments were consolidated into air bases with a total of about 70, including 25 air bases for tactical (front-line) aviation, of which 14 are purely fighter.

In 2014, the reform of the Air Force structure continued: the air defense forces and assets were concentrated in air defense divisions, and the formation of aviation divisions and regiments began in aviation. An air force and air defense army is being created as part of the joint strategic command "North".

The most fundamental transformation is expected in 2015: the creation of a new type - Aerospace Forces based on the integration of forces and means of the Air Force (aviation and air defense) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (space forces, air defense and missile defense).

Simultaneously with the reorganization, an active renewal of the aircraft fleet is taking place. The planes and helicopters of previous generations were replaced by their new modifications, as well as promising machines with wider combat capabilities and flight performance. Current development work was continued and new development work was started on advanced aviation systems. Active development of unmanned aircraft began.

The modern air fleet of the Russian Air Force is second only to the US Air Force in its numbers. True, its exact quantitative composition has not been officially published, but on the basis of open sources, quite adequate calculations can be made. As for the renewal of the air fleet, according to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense for VVSI.Klimov, the Russian Air Force in 2015 alone, in accordance with the state defense order, will receive more than 150 new aircraft and helicopters. These include the latest aircraft Su-30SM, Su-30M2, MiG-29 SMT, Su-34, Su-35S, Yak-130, Il-76MD-90A, as well as helicopters Ka-52, Mi -28 N, Mi-8 AMTSh/MTV-5-1, Mi-8 MTPR, Mi-35 M, Mi-26, Ka-226 and Ansat-U. It is also known from the words of the former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force, Colonel-General A. Zelin, that as of November 2010, the total number of Air Force personnel was about 170 thousand people (including 40 thousand officers).

All aviation of the Russian Air Force as a branch of service is divided into:

Long-range (strategic) aviation,
Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation,
military transport aviation,
Army aviation.

In addition, the Air Force includes such types of troops as anti-aircraft missile troops, radio engineering troops, special troops, as well as rear units and institutions (all of them will not be considered in this material).

In turn, aviation by birth is divided into:

bomber aircraft,
assault aircraft,
fighter aircraft,
reconnaissance aircraft,
transport aviation,
special aviation.

Further, all types of aircraft in the Air Force of the Russian Federation, as well as promising machines, are considered. The first part of the article covers long-range (strategic) and operational-tactical (front-line) aviation, the second part - military transport, reconnaissance, special and army aviation.

Long-range (strategic) aviation

Long-range aviation is the means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Russia and is designed to solve strategic, operational-strategic and operational tasks in theaters of military operations (strategic directions). Long-range aviation is also a component of the triad of strategic nuclear forces.

The main tasks performed in Peaceful time- deterrence (including nuclear) of potential adversaries; in the event of a war - the maximum reduction in the military-economic potential of the enemy by destroying his important military facilities and violating state and military control.

The main promising areas for the development of long-range aviation are maintaining and building up operational capabilities to fulfill the assigned tasks as part of the strategic deterrence forces and general-purpose forces through the modernization of aircraft with the extension of their service life, the purchase of new aircraft (Tu-160 M), as well as the creation of a promising long-range aviation complex PAK-DA.

The main weapons of long-range aircraft are guided missiles, both in nuclear and conventional equipment:

Kh-55SM long-range strategic cruise missiles;
aeroballistic hypersonic missiles X-15 C;
operational-tactical cruise missiles X-22.

As well as free-falling bombs of various calibers, including those in nuclear weapons, one-time bomb clusters, and sea mines.

In the future, it is planned to introduce high-precision cruise missiles of the new generation X-555 and X-101 with a significantly increased range and accuracy into the armament of long-range aviation aircraft.

The basis of the modern fleet of long-range aviation of the Russian Air Force is bombers-missile carriers:

strategic missile carriers Tu-160-16 units. Until 2020, it is possible to supply about 50 modernized Tu-160 M2 machines.
Tu-95MS strategic missile carriers - 38 units, and about 60 more are in storage. Since 2013, these aircraft have been upgraded to the level of Tu-95 MSM in order to extend their service life.
Tu-22M3 long-range missile bombers - about 40 units, and another 109 in reserve. Since 2012, 30 aircraft have been upgraded to the level of Tu-22 M3 M.

The long-range aviation also includes Il-78 tanker aircraft and Tu-22MR reconnaissance aircraft.

Tu‑160

Work on a new multi-mode strategic intercontinental bomber began in the USSR in 1967. Having tried a variety of layout options, the designers eventually came up with the design of an integral low-wing with variable sweep wing with four engines installed in pairs in engine nacelles under the fuselage.

In 1984, the Tu-160 was put into mass production at the Kazan Aviation Plant. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, 35 aircraft were produced (of which 8 prototypes), by 1994, KAPO transferred six more Tu-160 bombers to the Russian Air Force, which were deployed near Engels in Saratov region. In 2009, 3 new aircraft were built and put into service, by 2015 their number is 16 units.

In 2002, the Ministry of Defense entered into an agreement with KAPO for the modernization of the Tu-160 in order to gradually repair and modernize all bombers of this type in service. According to the latest data, by 2020, 10 Tu-160M modification aircraft will be put into service with the Russian Air Force. conventional bomb weapons. In view of the need to replenish the fleet of long-range aviation in April 2015, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu instructed to consider the issue of resuming the production of the Tu-160 M. In May of the same year, Supreme Commander V. V. Putin officially instructed to resume the production of improved Tu-160 M2.

Main characteristics of Tu-160
	4 people

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	4 × turbofan NK-32
Thrust maximum	4 × 18,000 kgf
Afterburner thrust	4 × 25,000 kgf
	2230 km/h (M=1.87)
Cruising speed	917 km/h (M=0.77)
Maximum range without refueling
Range with combat load
Combat radius
Flight duration
practical ceiling	about 22000 m
rate of climb
Take-off / run length
Armament:
Strategic cruise missiles X‑55 SM/X‑101
Tactical aeroballistic missiles Kh-15 S
free falling aviation bombs caliber up to 4000 kg, bomb clusters, mines.

Tu‑95MS

The creation of the aircraft was started by the design bureau headed by Andrey Tupolev in the distant 1950s. At the end of 1951, the developed project was approved, and then the layout built by that time was approved and approved. The construction of the first two aircraft began at the Moscow Aviation Plant No. 156, and already in the fall of 1952, the prototype made its first flight.

In 1956, the aircraft, which received the official designation Tu-95, began to arrive in the long-range aviation unit. Subsequently, various modifications were developed, including carriers of anti-ship missiles.

In the late 1970s, a completely new modification of the bomber was created, which received the designation Tu-95 MS. The new aircraft in 1981 was put into serial production at the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant, which continued until 1992 (about 100 aircraft were produced).

Now, the 37th Air Army of Strategic Aviation has been formed as part of the Air Force of the Russian Federation, consisting of two divisions, which includes two regiments on the Tu-95 MS-16 (Amur and Saratov regions) - a total of 38 aircraft. About 60 more units are in storage.

Due to the obsolescence of equipment, since 2013, the modernization of aircraft in service to the level of Tu-95 MSM began, the service life of which will last until 2025. They will be equipped with new electronics, a sighting and navigation system, a satellite navigation system, and it will be possible to carry new Kh-101 strategic cruise missiles.

Main characteristics of Tu-95MS
	7 people

Wingspan:

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	4 × TVD NK-12 MP
Power	4 × 15,000 l. With.
Maximum speed at altitude
Cruising speed	about 700 km/h
Maximum range
Practical range
Combat radius
practical ceiling	about 11000 m
Take-off / run length
Armament:
built-in Strategic cruise missiles X‑55 SM/X‑101–6 or 16 Free-falling bombs of caliber up to 9000 kg, bomb clusters, mines.

Tu‑22M3

The Tu-22 M3 long-range supersonic bomber with variable wing geometry is designed to conduct combat operations in the operational zones of land and sea theaters of war day and night in simple and adverse weather conditions. It is capable of delivering Kh-22 cruise missile strikes against naval targets, Kh-15 supersonic aeroballistic missiles against land targets, as well as precision bombing. Named "Backfire" in the west.

In total, 268 Tu-22 M3 bombers were built at the Kazan Aviation Production Association until 1993.

Currently, about 40 Tu-22M3 units are in service, and another 109 are in reserve. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade about 30 vehicles at KAPO to the level of Tu-22 M3 M (the modification was put into service in 2014). They will install new electronics, expand the range of weapons through the introduction of the latest precision-guided munitions, and extend their service life to 40 years.

Main characteristics of Tu‑22M3
	4 people

Wingspan: At the minimum sweep angle At maximum sweep angle

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × TRDDF NK-25
Thrust maximum	2 × 14 500 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 25,000 kgf
Maximum speed at altitude
Cruising speed
Range of flight
Combat radius with a load of 12 t	1500…2400 km
practical ceiling
Take-off / run length
Armament:
built-in 23 mm defensive installation with guns GSh-23
X-22 anti-ship cruise missiles
Tactical aeroballistic missiles Kh-15 S.

Promising developments

PAK YES

In 2008, R&D funding was opened in Russia to create a promising long-range aviation complex PAK DA. The program provides for the development of a fifth-generation long-range bomber to replace aircraft in service with the Russian Air Force. The fact that the Russian Air Force formulated the tactical and technical requirements for the PAK DA program and preparations for the participation of design bureaus in the development competition was announced back in 2007. According to I. Shevchuk, Director General of JSC Tupolev, the contract under the PAK DA program was won by Tupolev Design Bureau. In 2011, it was reported that a preliminary design of the avionics integration complex of a promising complex had been developed, and the long-range aviation command of the Russian Air Force issued a tactical and technical assignment for the creation of a promising bomber. It was announced plans to build 100 vehicles, which they expect to be put into service before 2027.

Most likely, advanced hypersonic missiles, long-range cruise missiles of the X-101 type, short-range precision missiles and guided bombs, as well as free-fall bombs, will most likely be used as weapons. It was stated that some of the missiles had already been developed by the Tactical missile armament". It is possible that the aircraft will also be used as an air carrier for an operational-strategic reconnaissance and strike complex. It is possible that for self-defense, in addition to the electronic warfare complex, the bomber will be armed with air-to-air missiles.

Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation

Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation is designed to solve operational, operational-tactical and tactical tasks in operations (combat actions) of groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations (strategic directions).

Bomber aviation, which is part of front-line aviation, is the main strike weapon of the Air Force, mainly in operational and operational-tactical depths.

Assault aviation is intended primarily for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects, mainly on cutting edge, in the tactical and nearest operational depth of the enemy. In addition, it can also fight enemy aircraft in the air.

The main promising areas for the development of bombers and attack aircraft of tactical aviation are maintaining and building up capabilities in the framework of solving operational, operational-tactical and tactical tasks during combat operations in the theater by supplying new ones (Su-34) and upgrading existing ones (Su-25SM ) aircraft.

Bombers and ground attack aircraft are armed with air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, unguided missiles different types, aviation bombs, including corrected ones, cluster bombs, aircraft cannons.

Fighter aviation is represented by multi-role and front-line fighters, as well as fighter-interceptors. Its purpose is to destroy aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles of the enemy in the air, as well as ground and sea targets.

The task of air defense fighter aviation is to cover the most important directions and individual objects from an enemy air attack by destroying his aircraft at maximum ranges with the help of interceptors. Air defense aviation is also armed with combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

The main promising areas for the development of fighter aviation are maintaining and increasing the capabilities to fulfill the tasks set through the modernization of existing aircraft, the purchase of new aircraft (Su-30, Su-35), as well as the creation of a promising PAK-FA aviation complex, which has been tested since 2010 of the year and, possibly, a promising long-range interceptor.

The main armament of fighter aircraft is air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles of various ranges, as well as free-fall and corrected bombs, unguided rockets, cluster bombs, and aircraft guns. Advanced missile weapons are being developed.

The modern aircraft fleet of attack and front-line bomber aviation includes the following types of aircraft:

attack aircraft Su-25-200 units, including Su-25UB, about 100 more are in storage. Despite the fact that these aircraft were put into service in the USSR, their combat potential, taking into account modernization, remains quite high. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade about 80 attack aircraft to the level of the Su-25SM.
front-line bombers Su-24M - 21 units. These Soviet-made aircraft are already outdated and are being actively put out of action. In 2020, it is planned to dispose of all the Su-24M in service.
fighter-bombers Su-34-69 units. The latest multi-purpose aircraft that replace obsolete Su-24M bombers in the units. The total number of ordered Su-34s is 124 units, which will enter service in the near future.

Su-25

Su-25 is an armored subsonic attack aircraft designed for close support of ground forces over the battlefield. It is capable of destroying point and area targets on the ground day and night under any weather conditions. We can say that this is the best aircraft of its class in the world, tested in real combat operations. In the army, the Su-25 received the unofficial nickname "Rook", in the west - the designation "Frogfoot".

Serial production was carried out at aircraft factories in Tbilisi and Ulan-Ude (1320 aircraft of all modifications were produced for the entire time, including for export).

The vehicles were produced in various modifications, including the combat training Su-25UB and the carrier-based Su-25UTD for the Navy. Currently, the Russian Air Force has about 200 Su-25 aircraft of various modifications, which are in service with 6 combat and several training aviation regiments. About 100 more old cars are in storage.

In 2009, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced the resumption of purchases of Su-25 attack aircraft for the Air Force. At the same time, a program was adopted to upgrade 80 vehicles to the level of the Su-25SM. They are equipped with the latest electronics, including an aiming system, multifunctional indicators, new electronic warfare equipment, suspended radar "Spear". The new Su-25UBM aircraft, which will have equipment similar to the Su-25 SM, has been adopted as a combat training aircraft.

The main characteristics of the Su-25
	1 person

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × TRD R-95Sh
Thrust maximum	2 × 4100 kgf
Max speed
Cruising speed
Practical range with combat load
ferry range
practical ceiling
rate of climb
Take-off / run length
Armament:
built-in 30 mm double-barreled gun GSh‑30–2 (250 rounds) On external suspension Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 ML, Kh‑25 MLP, S‑25 L, Kh‑29 L Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, RBC‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, FAB‑100, KMGU‑2 containers Shooting-cannon containers - SPPU-22-1 (23-mm cannon GSh-23)

Su-24M

The Su-24M variable-sweep wing front-line bomber is designed to deliver missile and bomb strikes in the operational and operational-tactical depths of the enemy day and night in simple and adverse weather conditions, including at low altitudes, with targeted destruction of ground and surface targets with guided and unguided munitions. In the west received the designation "Fencer"

Serial production was carried out at NAPO named after Chkalov in Novosibirsk (with the participation of KNAAPO) until 1993, about 1200 machines of various modifications were built, including for export.

At the turn of the century, due to the obsolescence of aviation equipment in Russia, a program was launched to modernize front-line bombers to the level of the Su-24 M2. In 2007, the first two Su-24 M2s were transferred to the Lipetsk Combat Operations Center. The delivery of other vehicles to the Russian Air Force was completed in 2009.

Currently, the Russian Air Force has 21 Su-24M aircraft of several modifications, but as the newest Su-34s and Su-24s enter service, they are removed from service and disposed of (by 2015, 103 aircraft were disposed of). By 2020, they should be completely withdrawn from the Air Force.

The main characteristics of the Su-24M
	2 persons

Wingspan At maximum sweep angle At the minimum sweep angle

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × turbofan AL-21 F-3
Thrust maximum	2 × 7800 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 11200 kgf
Maximum speed at altitude	1700 km/h (M=1.35)
Maximum speed at 200 m
ferry range
Combat radius
practical ceiling	about 11500 m
Take-off / run length
Armament:
built-in 23 mm 6-barrel gun GSh‑6–23 (500 rounds) On external suspension: Guided air-to-air missiles - R-60 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 ML/MR, Kh‑23, Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑59, S‑25 L, Kh‑58 Unguided rockets - 57 mm S-5, 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13, 240 mm S-24, 266 mm S-25 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑1500, KAB‑1500 L/TK, KAB‑500 L/KR, ZB‑500, FAB‑500, RBC‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, OFAB‑100, KMGU‑2 containers Shooting-cannon containers - SPPU-6 (23-mm cannon GSh-6-23)

Su-34

The Su-34 multifunctional fighter-bomber is the latest aircraft of this class in the Russian Air Force and belongs to the 4+ generation of aircraft. At the same time, it is positioned as a front-line bomber, as it should replace obsolete Su-24M aircraft in the troops. Designed for delivering high-precision missile and bomb strikes, including using nuclear weapons, against ground (surface) targets at any time of the day in any weather conditions . In the west it has the designation "Fullback".

By the middle of 2015, 69 Su-34 aircraft (including 8 prototypes) out of 124 ordered were delivered to combat units.

In the future, the Russian Air Force plans to supply approximately 150-200 new aircraft and by 2020 completely replace the obsolete Su-24s with them. Thus, now the Su-34 is the main strike aircraft of our Air Force, capable of using the entire range of high-precision air-to-surface weapons.

The main characteristics of the Su-34
	2 persons

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × TRDDF AL-31 F-M1
Thrust maximum	2 × 8250 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 13500 kgf
Maximum speed at altitude	1900 km/h (M=1.8)
Maximum ground speed
ferry range
Combat radius
practical ceiling
Armament:
Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 On the external sling - all types of modern air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles, unguided rockets, aerial bombs, bomb clusters

The modern aircraft fleet of fighter aviation consists of the following types of aircraft:

MiG-29 front-line fighters of various modifications - 184 units. In addition to modifications of the MiG-29 S, MiG-29 M and MiG-29UB, latest options MiG‑29 SMT and MiG‑29UBT (28 and 6 units as of 2013). At the same time, there are no plans to upgrade old-built aircraft. On the basis of the MiG-29, a promising multi-role fighter MiG-35 was created, but the signing of a contract for its production was postponed in favor of the MiG-29 SMT.
Su-27 front-line fighters of various modifications - 360 units, including 52 Su-27UB. Since 2010, there has been a re-equipment with new modifications of the Su-27SM and Su-27SM3, of which 82 units have been delivered.
Su-35 S front-line fighters - 34 units. According to the contract, by 2015 it is planned to complete the delivery of a series of 48 aircraft of this type.
Su-30 multirole fighters of various modifications - 51 units, including 16 Su-30 M2 and 32 Su-30 SM. At the same time, the delivery of the second series of Su-30SM is currently underway, until 2016 30 units should be delivered.
fighter-interceptors MiG-31 of several modifications - 252 units. It is known that since 2014 the MiG-31BS aircraft have been upgraded to the MiG-31 BSM level, another 60 MiG-31 B aircraft are planned to be upgraded to the MiG-31 BM level by 2020.

MiG‑29

The fourth-generation light front-line fighter MiG-29 was developed back in the USSR and has been mass-produced since 1983. In fact, it was one of the best fighters of its class in the world and, having a very successful design, was repeatedly modernized and, in the form of the latest modifications in the Russian Air Force, entered the 21st century as a multi-purpose one. It was originally intended to gain air superiority at tactical depth. Known in the west as "Fulcrum".

By the time of the collapse of the USSR, about 1400 cars were produced at factories in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod various options. buy MiG‑29 at different options is in service with the armies of more than two dozen countries near and far abroad, where he managed to take part in local wars and armed conflicts.

Now the Russian Air Force is armed with 184 MiG-29 fighters of the following modifications:

MiG-29 S - had an increased combat load compared to the MiG-29, was equipped with new weapons;
MiG-29M - a multi-role fighter of the "4+" generation, had an increased range and combat load, was equipped with new weapons;
MiG-29UB - two-seat combat training version without radar;
MiG-29 SMT is the latest upgraded version with the ability to use high-precision air-to-surface weapons, increased flight range, the latest electronics (first flight in 1997, put into service in 2004, 28 units were delivered by 2013), weapons are placed on six underwing and one ventral external suspension units, there is a built-in 30 mm gun;
MiG-29UBT - combat training version of the MiG-29 SMT (supplied 6 units).

For the most part, all MiG-29 aircraft of the old production were physically obsolete and it was decided not to repair or modernize them, but to purchase new equipment instead - MiG-29 SMT (in 2014 a contract was signed for the supply of 16 aircraft) and MiG-29UBT, and also promising MiG-35 fighters.

The main characteristics of the MiG‑29 SMT
	1 person

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × turbofan RD-33
Thrust maximum	2 × 5040 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 8300 kgf

Maximum ground speed
Cruising speed
Practical range
Practical range with PTB	2800…3500 km
practical ceiling
Armament:
On external suspension: Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑35 Containers KMGU‑2

MiG‑35

The new Russian multirole fighter of the 4++ generation MiG-35 is a deep modernization of the MiG-29M series aircraft developed by the MiG Design Bureau. By design, it is maximally unified with early production aircraft, but at the same time it has an increased combat load and flight range, reduced radar visibility, is equipped with an active phased array radar, the latest electronics, an on-board electronic warfare system, has an open avionics architecture, and the ability to refuel in the air. The two-seat modification is designated MiG‑35 D.

The MiG-35 is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack means, strike precision weapons on ground (surface) targets without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather conditions, as well as conducting aerial reconnaissance using airborne means.

The issue of equipping the Russian Air Force with MiG-35 aircraft remains open until the contract with the Ministry of Defense is signed.

The main characteristics of the MiG‑35
	1 - 2 persons

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × TRDDF RD‑33 MK/MKV
Thrust maximum	2 × 5400 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 9000 kgf
Maximum speed at high altitude	2400 km/h (M=2.25)
Maximum ground speed
Cruising speed
Practical range
Practical range with PTB
Combat radius
Flight duration
practical ceiling
rate of climb
Armament:
Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) On external suspension: Air-to-air guided missiles - R-73, R-27 R/T, R-27ET/ER, R-77 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 ML/MR, Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑35 Unguided rockets - 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13, 240 mm S-24 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, KAB‑500 L / KR, ZB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, OFAB‑100

Su-27

The Su-27 front-line fighter is a fourth-generation aircraft developed in the USSR at the Sukhoi Design Bureau in the early 1980s. It was intended to gain air superiority and was at one time one of the best fighters in its class. The latest modifications of the Su-27 continue to be in service with the Russian Air Force, in addition, as a result of the deep modernization of the Su-27, new types of 4+ generation fighters have been developed. Along with the light front-line fighter of the fourth generation, the MiG-29 was one of the best aircraft in its class in the world. According to Western classification, it has the name "Flanker".

At present, the Air Force combat units include 226 Su-27 and 52 Su-27UB fighters of the old production. Since 2010, the rearmament to the upgraded version of the Su-27SM began (first flight in 2002). Now 70 such machines have been delivered to the troops. In addition, fighters of the Su-27SM3 modification (12 units were produced) are supplied, which differ from the previous version in the AL-31 F-M1 engines (afterburner thrust 13,500 kgf), a reinforced airframe structure and additional weapon suspension points.

The main characteristics of the Su-27 SM
	1 person

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × turbofan AL‑31F
Thrust maximum	2 × 7600 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 12500 kgf
Maximum speed at high altitude	2500 km/h (M=2.35)
Maximum ground speed
Practical range
practical ceiling
rate of climb	over 330 m/s
Take-off / run length
Armament:
Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, KAB‑500 L / KR, ZB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, OFAB‑100

Su-30

The heavy two-seat multi-role fighter Su-30 of the 4+ generation was created at the Sukhoi Design Bureau on the basis of the Su-27UB combat training aircraft through a deep modernization. The main purpose is to control group combat operations of fighters in solving the tasks of gaining air supremacy, to ensure the combat operations of other types of aviation, to cover ground troops and objects, to destroy airborne assault forces, as well as to conduct aerial reconnaissance and destroy ground (surface) targets. The features of the Su-30 were the long range and duration of flights and the effective control of a group of fighters. The aircraft's western designation is "Flanker-C".

The Russian Air Force currently has 3 Su-30s, 16 Su-30 M2s (all manufactured by KNAAPO) and 32 Su-30 SMs (manufactured by the Irkut plant). The last two modifications are supplied in accordance with contracts dated 2012, when two batches of 30 Su-30SM units (until 2016) and 16 Su-30M2 units were ordered.

The main characteristics of the Su-30 SM
	2 persons

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × turbofan AL‑31FP
Thrust maximum	2 × 7700 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 12500 kgf
Maximum speed at high altitude	2125 km/h (M=2)
Maximum ground speed
Flight range without refueling near the ground
Flight range without refueling at altitude
Combat radius
Flight duration without refueling
practical ceiling
rate of climb
Take-off / run length
Armament:
Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) On an external sling: Guided air-to-air missiles - R-73, R-27 R/T, R-27ET/ER, R-77 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 L/T, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 M Unguided rockets - 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13 Air bombs, cassettes - FAB‑500, KAB‑500 L / KR, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, KMGU

Su-35

The Su-35 multipurpose super-maneuverable fighter belongs to the 4++ generation and is equipped with thrust vector control engines. Developed at the Sukhoi Design Bureau, this aircraft is close in its characteristics to fifth-generation fighters. The Su-35 is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack weapons, strike ground (surface) targets with precision weapons without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather.

conditions, as well as conducting aerial reconnaissance using airborne means. In the west, it has the designation "Flanker-E +".

In 2009, a contract was signed for the supply of the Russian Air Force with 48 newest serial fighters Su-35C in the period 2012-2015, of which 34 units are already in the army. It is planned to conclude another contract for the supply of these aircraft in 2015-2020.

The main characteristics of the Su-35
	1 person

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × TRDDF with OVT AL‑41F1S
Thrust maximum	2 × 8800 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 14500 kgf
Maximum speed at high altitude	2500 km/h (M=2.25)
Maximum ground speed
ground flight range
Flight range at altitude	3600…4500 km
practical ceiling
rate of climb
Take-off / run length
Armament:
Built-in - 30 mm gun GSh‑30–1 (150 rounds) On external suspension: Air-to-air guided missiles - R-73, R-27 R/T, R-27ET/ER, R-77 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑29 T/L, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 M, advanced long-range missiles Unguided rockets - 80 mm S-8, 122 mm S-13, 266 mm S-25 Air bombs, cassettes - KAB‑500 L/KR, FAB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250, KMGU

MiG‑31

The MiG-31 long-range supersonic all-weather fighter-interceptor was developed in the USSR at the Mikoyan Design Bureau in the 1970s. At that time it was the first aircraft of the fourth generation. It was designed to intercept and destroy air targets at all altitudes - from the lowest to the highest, day and night, in any weather conditions, in a difficult jamming environment. In fact, the main task of the MiG-31 was to intercept cruise missiles in the entire range of altitudes and speeds, as well as low-flying satellites. The fastest combat aircraft. The modern MiG-31 BM has an airborne radar with unique characteristics not yet available to other foreign aircraft. According to Western classification, it has the designation "Foxhound".

The MiG-31 fighter-interceptors (252 units) now in service with the Russian Air Force have several modifications:

MiG-31 B - serial modification with aerial refueling system (put into service in 1990)
MiG-31 BS is a variant of the basic MiG-31, upgraded to the level of the MiG-31 B, but without aerial refueling.
The MiG-31 BM is a modernized version with the Zaslon-M radar (developed in 1998), which has a range increased to 320 km, equipped with the latest electronic systems, including satellite navigation, capable of using air-to-surface guided missiles. Until 2020, it is planned to upgrade 60 MiG-31Bs to the level of the MiG-31BM. The second stage of state testing of the aircraft was completed in 2012.
MiG-31 BSM - an upgraded version of the MiG-31 BS with the Zaslon-M radar and related electronics. Modernization of combat aircraft has been underway since 2014.

Thus, the Russian Air Force will have 60 MiG-31 BM and 30-40 MiG-31 BSM aircraft in service, and approximately 150 older aircraft will be decommissioned. It is possible that in the future there will be a new interceptor, known under the code name MiG-41.

The main characteristics of the MiG‑31 BM
	2 persons

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × turbofan D-30 F6
Thrust maximum	2 × 9500 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 15500 kgf
Maximum speed at high altitude	3000 km/h (M=2.82)
Maximum ground speed
Cruise speed subsonic
Cruise speed supersonic
Practical range	1450…3000 km
Range at high altitude with one refueling
Combat radius
practical ceiling
rate of climb
Take-off / run length
Armament:
Built-in: 23 mm 6-barrel gun GSh‑23–6 (260 rounds) On external suspension: Guided air-to-air missiles - R-60 M, R-73, R-77, R-40, R-33 C, R-37 Air-to-surface guided missiles - Kh‑25 MPU, Kh‑29 T/L, Kh‑31 A/P, Kh‑59 M Air bombs, cassettes - KAB‑500 L/KR, FAB‑500, FAB‑250, RBC‑250

Promising developments

PAK-FA

A promising front-line aviation complex - PAK FA - includes a fifth-generation multi-role fighter developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau under the designation T-50. In terms of the totality of characteristics, it will have to surpass all foreign analogues and in the near future, after being put into service, it will become the main aircraft of the Russian Air Force front-line fighter aviation.

PAK FA is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack weapons in all altitude ranges, as well as strike ground (surface) targets with high-precision weapons without entering the air defense zone day and night in any weather conditions, can be used for air reconnaissance using onboard equipment. The aircraft fully meets all the requirements for fifth-generation fighters: stealth, supersonic cruising speed, high maneuverability with high g-forces, advanced electronics, multifunctionality.

According to plans, serial production of the T-50 aircraft for the Russian Air Force should begin in 2016, and by 2020 the first aviation units equipped with it will appear in Russia. It is also known that production for export is also possible. In particular, an export modification is being created jointly with India, which received the designation FGFA (Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft).

Main characteristics (estimated) PAK-FA
	1 person

Wingspan

Wing area
Empty weight
Normal takeoff weight
Maximum takeoff weight

Engines	2 × TRDDF with UVT AL‑41F1
Thrust maximum	2 × 8800 kgf
Afterburner thrust	2 × 15000 kgf
Maximum speed at high altitude
Cruising speed
Practical range at subsonic speed	2700…4300 km
Practical range with PTB
Practical range at supersonic speed	1200…2000 km
Flight duration
practical ceiling
rate of climb
Armament:
Built-in - 30 mm gun 9 A1-4071 K (260 cartridges) On the internal suspension - all types of modern and promising air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles, aerial bombs, bomb clusters

PAK-DP (MiG‑41)

Some sources report that at present, the MiG Design Bureau, together with the Design Bureau of the Sokol aircraft plant (Nizhny Novgorod), are developing a long-range high-speed interceptor fighter with the code name "promising long-range interception aviation complex" - PAK DP, also known as the MiG-41. It was stated that the development was started in 2013 on the basis of the MiG-31 fighter by order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces. Perhaps, this refers to the deep modernization of the MiG-31, the study of which was carried out earlier, but was not implemented. It was also reported that a promising interceptor is planned to be developed as part of the arms program until 2020 and put into service until 2028.

In 2014, the media reported that the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force, V. Bondarev, said that now only research work is underway, and in 2017 it is planned to begin development work to create a promising long-range aircraft interception complex.

(continued in the next issue)

Summary table of the quantitative composition of aircraft
Air Force of the Russian Federation (2014–2015)*

aircraft type	Quantity in service	Scheduled build	Scheduled modernize
Bomber aviation as part of long-range aviation
Strategic missile carriers Tu-160
Strategic missile carriers Tu-95MS
Long Tu-22M3 bomber bombers
Bomber and assault aviation as part of front-line aviation
Attack aircraft Su-25
Su-24M front-line bombers
Su-34 fighter-bombers		124 (total)
Fighter aviation as part of front-line aviation
Front-line fighters MiG-29, MiG-29SMT
Front-line fighters Su-27, Su-27SM
Front-line fighters Su-35S
Multipurpose fighters Su-30, Su-30SM
Fighter-interceptors MiG-31, MiG-31BSM
Prospective aviation complex of front-line aviation - PAK FA
Military transport aviation
An-22 transport aircraft
An-124 and An-124-100 transport aircraft
Transport aircraft Il-76M, Il-76MDM, Il-76MD-90A
An-12 transport aircraft
An-72 transport aircraft
Transport aircraft An-26, An-24
Transport and passenger aircraft Il-18, Tu-134, Il-62, Tu-154, An-148, An-140
Promising military transport aircraft Il-112V
Promising military transport aircraft Il-214
Army aviation helicopters
Multipurpose helicopters Mi-8M, Mi-8AMTSh, Mi-8AMT, Mi-8MTV
Transport and combat helicopters Mi-24V, Mi-24P, Mi-35
Mi-28N attack helicopters
Attack helicopters Ka-50
Attack helicopters Ka-52		146 (total)
Transport helicopters Mi-26, Mi-26M
Perspective multipurpose helicopter Mi-38
Reconnaissance and special aviation
Aircraft AWACS A-50, A-50U
RER and EW aircraft Il-20M
An-30 reconnaissance aircraft
Tu-214R reconnaissance aircraft
Tu-214ON reconnaissance aircraft
Air command posts IL-80
Tanker aircraft Il-78, Il-78M
Promising aircraft AWACS A-100
Prospective aircraft RER and EW A-90
Tanker aircraft Il-96-400TZ
Unmanned aerial vehicles (transferred to the Ground Forces)
"Pchela-1T"

Designed to protect the centers, regions of the country (administrative, industrial and economic), groupings of troops and important objects from enemy strikes from air and space, ensuring the actions of the Ground Forces and delivering strikes against the enemy’s aviation, land and sea groupings, its administrative-political and military and economic centers. The main tasks of the Air Force in modern conditions are: opening the beginning of an attack by an air enemy; notification of the main headquarters of the Armed Forces, headquarters of military districts, fleets, civil defense agencies about the beginning of an enemy air attack; gaining and maintaining air supremacy; covering troops and rear facilities from aerial reconnaissance, air and space strikes; air support for the Ground Forces and the Navy; destruction of objects of the military-economic potential of the enemy; military and government controlled enemy; the destruction of nuclear missile, anti-aircraft and aviation groups of the enemy and his reserves, as well as air and sea landings; defeating enemy ship groupings at sea, in the ocean, at naval bases, in ports and bases; dropping military equipment and landing troops; transportation by air of troops and military equipment; conducting strategic, operational and tactical air reconnaissance; control over the use of airspace in the border zone. In peacetime, the Air Force performs the tasks of protecting the state border of Russia in the airspace, notifying about the flights of foreign reconnaissance vehicles in the border zone. The air force includes the air armies of the Supreme Command for Strategic Purposes and the Supreme Command for Military Transport Aviation; Moscow Air Force and Air Defense District; armies of the Air Force and Air Defense: separate corps of the Air Force and Air Defense. The Air Force includes the following types of troops (Fig. 1): aviation (types of aviation - bomber, assault, fighter, air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special); anti-aircraft missile troops; radio engineering troops; special troops; units and institutions of the rear. bomber aviation is armed with long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers various types. It is designed to defeat groupings of troops, destroy important military, energy facilities and communication centers mainly in the strategic and operational depth of the enemy’s defense. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles. Attack aircraft designed for aviation support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects mainly at the forefront, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as orders to combat enemy aircraft in the air. Rice. 1. Structure of the Air Force One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is the high accuracy of hitting ground targets. Armament: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets. Fighter aviation air defense is the main maneuvering force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attack. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from the defended objects. Air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters. reconnaissance aviation Designed to conduct aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, can destroy enemy hidden objects. Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. To do this, they are specially equipped with photographic equipment for day and night shooting at various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, and magnetometers. Reconnaissance aviation is subdivided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation. Transport aviation designed to transport troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, landing airborne assault, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc. Special aviation designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, control and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick. Anti-aircraft missile troops designed to protect the country's most important facilities and groupings of troops from enemy air strikes. They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, which have great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons. Radio engineering troops is the main source of information about air enemy and are designed to conduct its radar reconnaissance, control the flights of its aircraft and comply with the rules for the use of airspace by aircraft of all departments. They give out information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile troops and air defense aviation, as well as information for managing formations, units and subunits of air defense. Radio-technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar complexes capable of detecting not only air but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference. Units and divisions of communications are intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities. Units and subdivisions of electronic warfare designed to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation means of enemy air attack. Units and divisions of communications and radio engineering support designed to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters. Units and divisions of engineering troops, and units and divisions of radiation, chemical and biological protection designed to perform the most challenging tasks engineering and chemical support, respectively. The Air Force is armed with Tu-160 (Fig. 2), Tu-22MZ, Tu-95MS, Su-24, Su-34, MiG-29, MiG-27, MiG-31 aircraft of various modifications (Fig. 3), Su -25, Su-27, Su-39 (Fig. 4), MiG-25R, Su-24MP, A-50 (Fig. 5), An-12, An-22, An-26, An-124, Il -76, IL-78; helicopters Mi-8, Mi-24, Mi-17, Mi-26, Ka-31, Ka-52 (Fig. 6), Ka-62; anti-aircraft missile systems S-200, S-300, S-300PM (Fig. 7), S-400 "Triumph", radar stations and complexes "Opponent-G", "Nebo-U", "Gamma-DE" , "Gamma-C1", "Casta-2". Rice. 2. Strategic supersonic bomber Tu-160: wingspan - 35.6 / 55.7 m; length - 54.1 m; height - 13.1 m; maximum takeoff weight - 275 tons; maximum combat load - 45 tons; cruising speed - 960 km / h; range - 7300 km; ceiling - 18000 m; weapons - missiles, bombs (including nuclear); crew - 4 people Rice. 3. Multipurpose fighter MiG-31F / FZ: wingspan - 13.46 m; length - 22.67 m; height - 6.15 m; maximum takeoff weight - 50,000 kg; cruising speed - 2450 km / h; range - 3000 km; combat radius of action - 650 km; ceiling - 20,000 m; armament - 23-mm six-barreled gun (260 rounds, rate of fire - 8000 rounds / min); combat load - 9000 kg (UR, bombs); crew - 2 people Rice. 4. Attack aircraft Su-39: wingspan - 14.52 m; length - 15.33 m; height - 5.2 m; maximum speed near the ground - 2450 km / h; range - 1850 km; ceiling - 18,000 m; armament - 30 mm cannon; combat load - 4500 kg (ATGM with ATGM. RCC, NUR, U R. bombs - conventional, induced, cluster, nuclear) Rice. 5. A-50 long-range radar detection and control aircraft: wingspan - 50.5 m; length - 46.59 m; height - 14.8 m; normal takeoff weight - 190,000 kg; maximum cruising speed - 800 km / h; range - 7500 km; ceiling - 12000 m; target detection range: air - 240 km, surface - 380 km; crew - 5 people + 10 people tactical calculation Rice. 6. Combat attack helicopter Ka-52 "Alligator": rotor diameter - 14.50 m; length with rotating screws - 15.90 m; maximum weight - 10,400 kg; ceiling - 5500 m; range - 520 km; armament - 30-mm cannon with 500 rounds of ammunition; combat load - 2000 kg on 4 hardpoints (ATGM, unified containers with machine-gun and cannon weapons, NUR, UR); crew - 2 people Rice. 7. Anti-aircraft rocket system S-300-PM: hit targets - aircraft, winged and tactical missiles all types; affected area - range 5-150 km, height 0.025-28 km; the number of simultaneously hit targets - up to 6; the number of simultaneously aimed missiles at the target - 12; readiness for combat work from the march - 5 minutes beauty Shoes Style life hacks images My images Contacts Advertising About the site Search uofa.ru - Beauty. Shoes. Images. Style. Life hacks. News Beauty. Shoes. Images. Style. Life hacks. 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Story

1917

1941

1997

year 2009

Structural organization of the air force

The Russian Air Force is designed to perform the following tasks:

Military equipment of Russian aviation

Long-range and strategic aircraft

Fighter aircraft

Attack aircraft and interceptors

Military transport aviation

training aircraft

Unmanned aircraft

Prospects for the Russian Air Force

"Our answer to Chamberlain" - the latest Russian military aircraft

The flight of the Berkut

"Mig" of the fifth generation

New strategic bomber

Video: new Russian aircraft

Long-range (strategic) aviation

Tu‑160

Tu‑95MS

Tu‑22M3

Promising developments

PAK YES

Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation

Su-25

Su-24M

Su-34

MiG‑29

MiG‑35

Su-27

Su-30

Su-35

MiG‑31

Promising developments

PAK-FA

PAK-DP (MiG‑41)

Summary table of the quantitative composition of aircraft Air Force of the Russian Federation (2014–2015)*

Summary table of the quantitative composition of aircraft
Air Force of the Russian Federation (2014–2015)*