The world. Grade 3 Workbook at 2 o'clock Pleshakov A.A.

M .: 2013. - Part 1 - 113s., Part 2 - 113s.

The workbook has been prepared in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. Tasks presented in workbook organization oriented learning activities children, including the development of the most essential elements of the content of the textbook, fixing the results of observations, experiments, practical work, as well as creative activity. For classes in the family, the “Scientific Diary” insert (in the 1st part of the notebook) is intended with tasks that the child, with the help of adults, performs during the school year.

Part 1.

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Part 2.

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Watch, download:november .2019, links removed at the request of the Prosveshchenie publishing house (see note)

Part 1.
Dear third graders! 3
How the world works
Nature 6
Man 9
Project "Wealth given to people" 12
Society 14
What is ecology 17
Nature is in danger! 18

This amazing nature
Bodies, substances, particles 23
Variety of substances 25
Air and its protection 27
Water 29
Transformations and the water cycle 33
Save water! 35
What is soil 36
Plant diversity 39
Sun, plants and you and me 42
Reproduction and development of plants 45
Plant protection 47
Variety of animals 50
Who eats what 55
Project “Diversity of nature native land» 58
Reproduction and development of animals 60
Animal protection 63
In the mushroom kingdom 66
The Great Cycle of Life 69
Check yourself and evaluate your achievements 70
We and our health
Human body 71
Sense organs 73
Reliable body protection 75
Body support and movement 76
Our meals 78
Project "School of Culinary Arts" 80
Respiration and circulation 82
Know how to prevent diseases 84
Healthy lifestyle 86
Check yourself and evaluate your achievements 88
GLOSSARY 89
APPENDIX 91
SCIENTIFIC DIARY (in the middle of the notebook)

Part 2.
Our security
Fire, water and gas 3
To make the path happy 6
Road signs 9
Project "Who Protects Us" 12
Dangerous places 14
Nature and our security 16
Environmental safety 19
Check yourself and evaluate your achievements 22
What economics teaches
What is the economy for 23
Natural resources and human labor are the basis of the economy 26
Minerals 28
Crop production 32
Livestock 34
What is the industry 38
Project "Economy of the native land" 42
What is money 44
State budget 46
Family budget 48
Economy and ecology 51
Check yourself and evaluate your achievements 52
Journey through cities and countries
Golden Ring of Russia 53
Travel Museum project 60
Our nearest neighbors 62
In the north of Europe 67
What is Benelux 73
In the center of Europe 76
Traveling in France and Great Britain 80
In the south of Europe 86
Famous places of the world 91
Check yourself and evaluate your achievements 96
GLOSSARY 97
APPENDIX 99

DEAR THIRD GRADE STUDENTS!
Our wonderful friends, whom you see in the picture, will again help us in the lessons on the subject "The World Around Us". Remember what their names are.
Think about what questions you would like to ask them about the world around them in the new school year. Write down 2-3 questions. What did the other guys ask?
Remember what books and notebooks you worked with in the last school year. Get acquainted with those books and notebooks that will be our helpers now. Please tick (fill the circle) which ones you already have.

This page presents GDZ around the world Grade 3 Part 1 - workbook authors Pleshakov A.A. and Novitskaya M.Yu. for 2019 - 2020 academic year. We hope that this "reshebnik" will help in the preparation of homework on the subject of the world around us.

Joy of knowledge

Page 3 - 5 - Light of Knowledge

1. Pick up the proverbs of the peoples of your region about the power of the mind, knowledge, skillful hands. Write them down.

Proverbs about the power of the mind- Mind will win. - Any advice to the mind is good. - What is the mind, such are the speeches. - The mind is more beautiful than gold, but the truth is the light of the sun. - With a fist you will defeat one, and with your mind - thousands. more proverbs about mind and reason Proverbs about the power of knowledge- Literacy is not evil, but the truth is strong. - Knowledge is better than wealth. - The bird is red with feathers, and the man with knowledge. - Knowledge is more valuable than wealth. - Knowledge and wisdom adorn a person. Proverbs about skillful hands - Skillful hands- assistants to science. You can't buy golden hands with silver. - A hundred tips will not replace a pair of experienced hands. - A craftsman and a needleworker brings joy to himself and to people.

2. Questions "how?", "why", "why?" mankind owes most of the great discoveries. Make up and write down questions about what you would like to learn in the classroom at school?

How do black holes appear? How were the pyramids built in Egypt? Why is Japan called the Land of the Rising Sun? Why in bermuda triangle missing planes? Why explore space? Why does a woodpecker knock on a tree? Why do birds fly in a school?

3. Consider the corner of nature in the photo above. Tell her what you already know about this plant. Make up and write down questions about what else you would like to know about him. Try to find answers to your questions.

Douglasia or pseudosuga tissolista or pseudosuga Menzies The picture shows Douglasia. It is also called pseudosuga tissolista or pseudosuga menzies, pseudosuga Ienzis, Douglas fir, pseudosuga tissolist, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, Douglas fir. "Where can you meet Menzies' false sugu?"- Liesuga Menzies is found in North America and also in Asia. - What is the maximum height of a douglas?- Douglas can reach a height of up to 100 meters. - Why does this plant have so many names and how did they appear?- During a trip to North America in 1791, the biologist and physician Archibald Menzies saw a big tree which looked like fir. The message about this tree went unnoticed. But in 1827, this tree was rediscovered by the English botanist David Douglas, who brought it to Europe. Then the tree was given the name "Douglas fir". During the study, it was found that with all the similarities with fir, there are a number of differences that made it possible to distinguish the genus - pseudo-hemlock in the pine family. So "Douglas fir" became Douglas pseudo-hemlock, and even later - yew-leaved pseudo-hemlock. Then it was decided to name the tree in honor of the discoverer, that is, the Menzies pseudo-hemlock, but the old names: "Douglas fir" or "Douglas fir" have been preserved and are used by arborists.

4. Based on the photo on page 5, tell us what you already know about Red Square in Moscow. Compose and write down questions about what else you would like to know about the cultural monuments depicted in the photograph. Try to find answers to your questions.

Red Square in Moscow The picture shows Red Square. On the left is St. Basil's Cathedral, and on the right is the Spasskaya Tower. In front of the Temple there is a place of execution, where in the old days royal decrees were announced. There are other attractions on Red Square, for example, the Lenin Mausoleum is located there. - What is total area Red Square in Moscow in kilometers and how much people can fit in the square? - The length of Red Square is 330 meters long and 70 meters wide, while the total area is 23,100 square meters or 0.023 square kilometers. If we translate square meters into hectares, it turns out that the area of Red Square is 2.31 hectares. One person occupies an area - 0.21 m2, then it turns out that Red Square can fit: 23100: 0.21 = 110,000 people. At the same time, the entire population of Moscow, which is 12,380,664 people in 2017 on Red Square, will not be able to fit on Red Square. - Why is the red square in Moscow called red? - Often in fairy tales there is an expression "beautiful girl", which means a beautiful girl. In relation to the area, red means beautiful. According to another version, he believes that when Moscow was founded, there were many wooden buildings in it, which burned very often. The area next to the Kremlin was no exception. So, due to frequent fires, the area was called Fire, and later they began to call it "Red Square" because it is the color of fire. - What is the height of the Spasskaya Tower? - The height of the Spasskaya Tower together with the star is 71 meters.

5. Color the illustration for ancient Greek myth about Daedalus and Icarus.

Illustration for the ancient Greek myth of Daedalus and Icarus

Page 6 - 11 - How the world is studied

1. What ways of studying the world do these textbooks use? Sign yourself or use words for reference.

Reference words: observation, experience, definition natural objects, measurement, modeling.

2. Practical work "Observation".
Purpose of work: to master the stages of observation.
Monitor behavior aquarium fish(or other animals) during feeding. Think through the steps and take notes.

Purpose of observation: to observe the behavior of aquarium fish during feeding.
Observation plan:
- feed goldfish with dry food, pouring it on the surface of the water,
- track fish behavior
- record the results of the observation.
Observation results: if goldfish have not eaten all the poured food within 5 minutes, then they are overfed and food leftovers will spoil the water.
Conclusions: It is important that goldfish get enough, but not too much food.

Make up questions for each other to find out if the goal of the observation is achieved. Evaluate your progress by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate boxes.
We were able to formulate the purpose of observation.
We made a clear plan of observation.
We successfully completed the observation plan and recorded the results.
We were able to draw conclusions from observation.

3. Practical work "Experience".
The purpose of the work: to master the stages of the experiment.
Experiment with a magnet. Think through the steps and take notes.

The purpose of the experiment: to find out if a magnet can attract any metal.
Experiment plan:
1. Take a magnet.
2. Scatter objects made of metal (pins), gold (earrings), silver (pendant) on the table.
3. Bring a magnet to each item.
4. Write down the result.
Results of the experiment: the magnet attracts objects made of metal, but not from any.
Conclusions: a magnet can attract objects made of metal, but not from any. Objects made of gold and silver, which are also metals, cannot be attracted by a magnet.

Make up questions for each other to find out if the goal of the experience is achieved. Evaluate your progress by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate boxes.
We were able to formulate the purpose of the experiment.
We made a clear plan for the experience.
We successfully completed the experiment plan and recorded the results.
We have learned from experience.
4. What device (tool) will be required for each case? Point with arrows.

5. Practical work "Measurement of mass".
Purpose of work: to learn how to measure mass using scales.
1. With the help of the picture, study the device of the balance.

2. Consider a set of weights for scales. Record the mass of each weight.
3. Measure the weight of the items given by the teacher. Enter the measurement results in the table.

4. Add.

A scale is a device for measuring weight.

We learned how scales work.
We understand how scales work.
We have learned how to measure mass.

6. Practical work "Measurement of length".
Purpose of work: to learn how to measure length using a ruler (tape measure).

1. Using the picture, study the device of the ruler and tape measure. Compare them. Consider when you should use a ruler and when you should use a tape measure.

The ruler should be used to measure objects of small length. When the subject is large, it is advisable to use a tape measure.

2. Fill in the blanks.

Completed task:

3. Measure the length of objects given (or indicated) by the teacher. Enter the measurement results in the table.

4. Add.

Ruler and tape measure are tools for measuring length.

Come up with questions and tasks for each other to find out if the goal of the work has been achieved. Evaluate your progress by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate boxes.
We learned how the ruler and tape measure work.
We understood in which cases a ruler should be used, and in which - a tape measure.
We have learned how to measure length.
We have learned how to record measurement results.

Page 12 - 13 - The book is a source of knowledge

1. Write down the details of a non-fiction book that you especially liked:

2. Draw an illustration for this book. Instead of a picture, you can stick a photo on the topic of the book.

3. Read the statements about the importance of books and the native language in a person's life, which are posted on the Reading Moscow train of the Moscow Metro.

A house without books is like a body without a soul. Cecerone True love for one's country is unthinkable without love for one's language. K.G. Paustovsky

Cicero Mark Tullius - Roman political figure, speaker and writer. Information taken from the New Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary, page 798. Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich - Russian writer. Master of lyrical prose. Information taken from the New Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary, page 545.

4. Make up your own statement about the benefits of books and reading. Write it down.

All human wisdom is hidden in books, and only by reading you can comprehend it.

5. In what reference books you can find out what is famous ancient greek city Troy? Write it down.

The Ancient World, The Complete Encyclopedia, Sh. Hardman, F. Steele, R. Tames, 2007 - A. B. Preobrazhensky. I Know the World: Children's Encyclopedia: History ancient world. 2001.

Page 14 - 15 - Going on a tour

1. Find a description and point with arrows.

Completed version:

2. Give 1-2 examples.

Art museums: Tretyakov Gallery, Museum fine arts named after A. S. Pushkin

Museum-apartment, house-museum, museum-estate: Museum of Vladimir Mayakovsky, Apartment Museum of S.S. Prokofiev

Reserves, national parks: Moscow State Museum-Reserve Kolomenskoye , Izmailovsky Island - museum-reserve

3. Think of and write down the questions you would like to ask at the zoo or botanical garden.

Why do hippos have pink milk?
Is it true that elephants are afraid of mice?
What color is a giraffe's tongue?
How many years do acorns appear on an oak tree?
Why Walnut called walnut?

Find out what questions other guys have prepared. Can you answer them?

4. On your own or with the help of additional literature, on the Internet, determine which museums are shown in the photographs in the Appendix. Cut and paste them into the appropriate boxes.


Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin

5. Think and write where you can go on an excursion in your area. Underline the name of the place that seems most interesting to you.

Garage Museum of Contemporary Art
Museums of the Moscow Kremlin
Planetarium
Museum "Upside Down House"

Page 16 – 17 – Our tour

Go on a tour and make a photo story about it. Write down how you rate the tour and why.

Armory in Moscow

I liked the tour. I learned a lot of new and interesting things.

Page 18 - 21 - What the plan will tell you

Terrain plan- This precise drawing terrain, made with the help of conventional signs.

2. On your own or with the help of a textbook, sign the symbols of the plan.

3. Cut out the symbols of the plan from the Appendix and stick them in the appropriate boxes.

			1 - Arable land. 2 - Garden.

4. Draw the symbols of the plan.

Check yourself in the textbook.

5. At the lesson, the teacher asked: “What does the scale of the plan depicted in the textbook mean?” The children responded like this:

Seryozha: “One centimeter on the plan corresponds to one meter on the ground.”
Nadia: “One centimeter on the map corresponds to 50 meters on the ground.”
Vitya: "One centimeter on the ground corresponds to 10 meters on the plan."
Ira: One centimeter on the map corresponds to 100 meters on the ground.

Who answered correctly? Mark with a tick.

6. Practical work "Tourist plans".

1) Consider the plan of the zoo in the textbook.

Orient yourself on the sides of the horizon and determine in which parts of the zoo they live:

a) tigers - in the north
b) lions - in the south
c) bullfinches and other birds - in the west
d) camels - in the east

2) Consider a fragment of the plan of Moscow in the textbook.

Fragment plan of Moscow

Write down what sights of the city are depicted on it.

Sparrow Hills Luzhniki Stadium

3) Consider the plan of the central part of St. Petersburg. Determine how to get from the Moscow railway station to Winter Palace. Write what you can see on this route.

Plan of the central part of Saint-Petersburg From the Moskovsky railway station you need to go to the left along Nevsky Prospekt, pass by the Anichkov Bridge, and after the Alexander Column turn right. And then we will find ourselves near the Winter Palace. Following this route, you can see the Anichkov Bridge, the Kazan Cathedral, the Alexander Column and Palace Square.

Put on the plan any other route. Describe it orally.

If you brought other travel plans to class, consider them. Make up questions and tasks for each other to see if you have learned how to read travel plans.

We have learned to determine the sides of the horizon on the plan.
We learned how to find various sights on the plan.
We have learned to determine according to the plan how to get to one place or another.
We learned how to lay a certain route on the plan.

Page 22 - 23 - Planet on a sheet of paper

1. Using the textbook, complete the definition.

A map is a reduced image of the earth's surface on a plane using conventional signs.

2. Mark the sides of the horizon on the world map.

3. Color as indicated on the map:

4) Using the textbook, complete the definitions.

Mainland It is a huge piece of land, surrounded on all sides by water. It is also called the continent. part of the world- this is the mainland or part of the mainland with islands located nearby.

Explain (orally) what are the similarities and differences between the mainland and part of the world.

5. Write down in the table the names of all the continents and parts of the world.

Color in any color that does not match the names of the continents and parts of the world.

6. Using the map of the textbook, give examples (3-4 names in each paragraph).

Seas: Barents Sea, Arabian Sea, Norwegian Sea, Beaufort Sea. Rivers: Lena, Amazon, Volga, Ob. Islands: Aleutian Islands, New Zealand Islands, Madagascar Island, Tasmania Island.

Page 24 - 25 - Countries and peoples on the political map of the world

1. Consider a wall political map of the world. Determine the name and boundaries of the country where Rome is the capital - ancient city, about the culture of which you already know a lot. What are the names of its neighboring countries? Write down the information obtained through the study of the political map of the world:

Let's turn to the map and see that the neighboring countries are: France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. Rome is the capital of Italy Italy's neighbors are Austria, Switzerland, France and Slovenia.

2. Read the story about Heinrich Schliemann. Find on the wall political map of the world, the countries whose languages he learned, where he lived and worked. Check them off.

Heinrich Schliemann was born in 1922 in Germany. A childhood dream of finding the ancient city of Troy led him at the age of 18 as a sailor on the ship Dorothea, which was heading to Venezuela. The ship got into a storm and sank, and Heinrich miraculously escaped and ended up in Amsterdam. Here he worked in a trading office and in two years mastered Russian , English , French , Dutch , Spanish , Portuguese And Italian languages. Then Heinrich Schliemann went to Petersburg and for 20 years he conducted his trading business in the Russian capital. During this time he learned Polish , Swedish , Greek, Arab and other languages, got rich in gold mining in America. And finally went to Greece- fulfill your dream. In order to read the Iliad in the original, he learned in six weeks ancient Greek. Homer's text became his guide. AND ancient land Greece revealed its secret to the archaeologist. G. Schliemann was buried in Athens.

We mark on the map with flags all the countries whose languages G. Schliemann learned, where he lived and worked.

Political map of the world - click to enlarge the image

3. Consider Representatives different countries in traditional costumes. Find the country of their native language on the political map of the world. Write down the names of these countries and their capitals.

Country - Belarus Capital - Minsk	Country — Mexico Capital - Mexico City
Country - Türkiye Capital - Ankara	Country - China Capital - Beijing

Page 26 — 27 — Traveling, we learn the world

1. Together with your friends, discuss and make a plan for preparing a trip around your city (village). Use the sample plan from the textbook for this.

Purpose of Travel: learn about the death of the royal family. Place of travel: Temple on blood Sources of information about the place of travel: Internet. Reference literature: Pilgrims from all over Russia will set off in July along the route "The Shrines of the Yekaterinburg Diocese, Tsar's Days." Pravoslavie.ru; E. Gilbo "The Secret of the Death of the Royal Family", article 2004; Greg King, Penny Wilson The Romanovs. The fate of the royal dynasty. Publishing house "Eksmo", Moscow, 2005 Maps, schemes, plans, guides: map of the city of Yekaterinburg. Equipment: camera, navigator. Weather forecast: find out on the website gismeteo.ru. Dress code: loose, comfortable shoes. My companion(s): parents.

2. After the trip, choose the most interesting thing from the diary and write it down on these lines.

The tragic death of Emperor Nicholas II was the end of the great Russian Empire. The fateful events that took place in Yekaterinburg, in the house of engineer Ipatiev, gave rise to many legends. There are many mysteries left for historians to unravel.

3. In the farm "On the Edge" of the Belgorod Region, we will learn the art of beekeeping. Cut out the drawings from the Application. Complete the photo story with them, observing the order in the work of working bees and in the worries of the beekeeper.

Page 28 – 29 – Transport

1. Draw an old vehicle for the peoples of your region or paste a photo.

Photo of an ancient vehicle - a sled pulled by a troika

2. Distribute the vehicles by type. Mark land transport with a red circle, water transport with a blue circle, and air transport with a yellow circle.

Which of these vehicles are old and which are modern? Answer verbally.

3. Project "Inquisitive Passenger". Read the story and look at the photos.

You already know about the Reading Moscow train. And the Aquarelle train runs in the Moscow metro. You get into the car and it's like you're in an art gallery. Boys, girls and guys of your age are interested in the creations of Russian artists. Often the passengers of this train move from car to car to see as many paintings as possible. Many photograph what they especially liked. The "Watercolor" train is a wonderful gift for all art lovers and just inquisitive people.
Train "Watercolor"

Come up with a project of one of the modes of transport for inquisitive passengers. What phenomena of nature and culture of your region would you like to present in your project? Draw and describe the project on pages 30-31.

Project name : classical music tram
Name of means of transport : tram
Appearance :

Description: Classical music will be played in the tram. In the intervals between compositions, the announcer will talk about different interesting facts associated with writing works, the composers who wrote them, their lives, performers.

Page 32 — 33 — Media and communication

1. Come up with symbols to convey information. Draw them on the flags.

Swap notebooks with a friend and decipher the information on the flags. Write it down in words.

On the left is a sign warning of some event that requires attention. On the right is an arrow to the right - indicating the direction of further movement.

2. Imagine that you are sending a letter to a friend. Complete the mailing envelope using the required information.

3. Frame information from a local newspaper or magazine about natural phenomena or cultural events that interest you, about the people of your region.

4. Write down from memory the names of the media and communications. Check yourself in the textbook.

Means of information and communication Postal service, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, internet.

The world is like a home

Page 34 - 35 - The world of nature in folk art

1. Using the text of the textbook on p. 46 complete the sentence:

The word "ekos" ("oikos") in Greek means " house, dwelling ". The word "logos" in Greek means knowledge . The ancient Greeks called the word "oecumene" part of the world inhabited and developed by man .

2. Color a fragment of an old spinning wheel. Determine how many tiers of the universe it depicts. Describe them orally.

3. Make up a chain of questions and answers on the model of the song “Where are you going, Foma?” Using knowledge about the nature and life of the people of your region. For the final answer, use the hints of the textbook or put the name of the person to whom you are writing this song. You can make a drawing for the text as a gift (on a separate sheet).

Option 1- Where are you going, shepherd? Where are you taking your sheep? - On the field. - Why are you on the field? - Feed the sheep. Why feed the sheep? - To give wool. Why do you need wool? - To keep the kids warm in winter. Option #2- Where are you going, Anya? - Collect mushrooms. Why do you need mushrooms? - To cook soup. - Why do you need soup? - To feed yourself and treat your friends!

Page 36 - 37 - What everything is made of

1. Find the extra photo in each row and circle it. Explain (verbally) your choice.

natural objects - everything related to nature. In addition, we are surrounded by countless objects created by man. The first figure shows natural objects, except for a mug, which is a man-made object, so it will be superfluous in this row. The second drawing shows objects created by man, except for the tit, which is natural object, respectively, it will be superfluous in this series.

2. Give examples of natural objects (3-4 in each row).
Objects of inanimate nature: planets, waterfalls, stones.
Objects of wildlife: trees, animals, birds, insects.
3. Fill in the table using the text and illustrations of the textbook. You can add your own examples.

4. Find out by the description of the substances and write their names in the boxes.
- This substance is part of any living organism. The human body is 2/3 of this substance.

- This substance is found in the form of a stone underground, and also dissolved in the water of the seas and oceans. It can be found in every home - the kitchen.

- This substance is added to many products - sweets, cakes, pastries. In nature, it is found in plants.

Sugar

- This substance is our helper in the kitchen, because it burns well. But in the event of a leak, it can spread throughout the apartment, but it is very dangerous.

Natural gas

— These substances are created artificially. They are used to make household items, window frames, toys and many other products.

Plastic

5. Underline the names of solids in blue pencil, and the names of substances in green: salt, nail, iron, horseshoe, aluminum, wire, copper, gasoline can, plastic, gasoline, icicle, water, ice floe, candy, sugar, salt shaker.

Page 38 – 39

6. Practical work (experience) "Water is a solvent".

The purpose of the experiment: to determine which substances water dissolves and which does not.
1) Suggest a plan (order) for the experiment.

Pour water into 4 glasses.
Put sugar in the 1st glass.
Put salt in the 2nd glass.
Put chalk in the 3rd glass.
Put clay in the 4th glass.
Watch the result.
Write Output

2) Look at the drawing. Select the equipment that we will need for the experiment. Mark the selected items with a checkmark.

3) Follow the instructions.

Pour the water from the flask into 4 beakers. Pour sugar into glass No. 1, salt into glass No. 2, crushed chalk into glass No. 3 (grind chalk in a mortar), and clay into glass No. 4. Stir all the substances with a glass rod. What are you watching? Describe verbally.

4) Record the results of the experiment by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate columns of the table.

5) Make a conclusion. Check yourself on the Application.

Water dissolves sugar and salt, but does not dissolve sand and chalk.

Think questions for each other to see if the goal of the experience is achieved. Evaluate your progress by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate boxes.
We proposed right plan experience.
We have chosen the right equipment.
We accurately recorded the results of the experiment.
We correctly drew a conclusion from experience.

Page 40 - 41 - World of celestial bodies

1. Using the textbook information, write the numbers into the text.

Sun diameter in 109 times the diameter of the earth. The mass of the sun in 330 thousand times the mass of our planet. The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 150 million kilometers . The temperature on the surface of the sun reaches 6 thousand degrees , and at the center of the sun 15-20 million degrees .

Tell your classmates about the Sun. Include in your story the data written out from the textbook.

2. Fill in the table. Take one example from a textbook (figure on p. 56). Try to find other examples (1-2 in each column) in additional literature, on the Internet.

The difference between stars by color

Names of stars by color

3. The sun and those moving around it celestial bodies make up the solar system. Build the Model solar system. To do this, mold planet models from plasticine and place them in correct sequence on a piece of cardboard. Sign the names of the planets on the plates and stick them on your model.

4. Solve the crossword.

1) Most big planet solar system.
2) A planet that has rings that are clearly visible in a telescope.
3) The closest planet to the Sun.
4) The planet farthest from the sun.
5) The planet we live on.
6) Planet - a neighbor of the Earth, located closer to the Sun than the Earth.
7) Planet - a neighbor of the Earth, located farther from the Sun than the Earth.
8) A planet located between Saturn and Neptune.

5. Using various sources information, prepare a message about a star, constellation, or planet that you would like to learn more about. Write down the basic information for your message. Specify sources of information.

Star Aldebaran One of the most bright stars in the night sky, the main, brightest star in the constellation Taurus is called Aldebaran. In Arabic, this word also means "following." Aldebaran is an orange-red giant star. Its brightness is 150 times greater than that of the Sun. It is located at a distance of 65 light years from us. Source: Tarasov L.V., Tarasova T.B. Space: encyclopedia - M.: Eksmo, 2015.- 96 p.: ill. - (Your first encyclopedia).

Page 42 - 43 - Invisible Treasure

1. In the text of the textbook, find the paragraph that explains the occurrence of wind. Read it carefully. Imagine and draw a diagram of the occurrence of wind.

In nature, moving air is wind. As you know, the earth different places differently heated by the sun. Air is heated from the ground. Warm air is lighter than cold air; it rises, and cold air rushes to its place. This is where the wind comes in.

See what other guys have suggested. Evaluate your work and the work of your comrades. Whose scheme is correct, accurate, understandable? Who made mistakes? Tell us about the occurrence of wind according to the most successful schemes.
2. Sign on the diagram the names of the gases that are part of the air. Check yourself in the textbook.

Underline with a green pencil the names of the gas that living organisms absorb when they breathe.
Underline with a red pencil the name of the gas that living organisms emit when they breathe.
3. Study the properties of air and write down your findings.

1) Is air transparent or opaque?
The air is transparent.
2) Does air have color?
Air has no color.
3) Does the air smell?
The air is odorless.
4) What happens to air when heated or cooled?
hot air expands .

This experience shows that cold air compresses.
5) How does air conduct heat?
Air does not conduct heat well.

4. What is the name of the equipment used in these experiments? Point with arrows.

Page 44 - 45 - The most important substance

Practical work "Investigation of the properties of water."

Goal of the work: determine the properties of water.

Dip a glass rod into a glass of water. Is she visible? What property of water is this talking about?

Conclusion: water is transparent.

Compare the color of the water with the color of the stripes shown on this page. What do you see? What does it say?

Conclusion: Water is colorless.

Smell clean water. What property of water can be established in this way?

Conclusion: water has no smell.

Immerse a flask with a tube filled with colored water in hot water. What are you watching? What does this indicate?

Conclusion: when heated, water expands.

Place the same flask on ice. What are you watching? What does this indicate?

Conclusion: As water cools, it contracts.

General conclusion: water is transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated, contracts when cooled.

Determine the purpose of each experience. Describe (verbally) its course. Check your conclusions on the Appendix.

We have chosen the right equipment for experiments.
Our conclusions coincided with those given in the Appendix.
We correctly determined the properties of water, but inaccurately formulated the conclusions.
We made mistakes in determining some properties of water.

Page 46 - 47 - Natural elements in folk art

1. Cut out photos from the Application. Stick them under the names of natural elements. At the bottom of the table, draw images of fire, water and air, characteristic of the fine and applied arts of the peoples of your region.

2. Write down riddles about fire, water and air, created by the creativity of the peoples of your region. Guess them to members of other working groups.

Riddles about fire The firebird flies, drops golden feathers. (Fire) Lives without drinking. But it is necessary to drink - dies. (Fire) The scarlet rooster went out in the water. (Fire) Chew - I don’t chew, but I eat everything. (Fire) Riddles about water Falls in winter, murmurs in spring, rustles in summer, drips in autumn. (Water) In frying, the day is the most desired. (Water) Why not roll it up the mountain, not carry it away in a sieve and not hold it in your hands? (Water) Riddles about air What are we breathing? What do we not see? (Air) What can you not see either in the room or on the street? (Air)

3. Consider patterns of folk embroidery. Define the images of fire, water and air.

Orally compose a fairy tale about natural elements.

Page 48 – 49 – Storage lands

Complete the definitions on your own or with the help of a textbook.

Minerals are natural substances Rocks are natural compounds of minerals.

2. Practical work "Composition of granite".

The purpose of the work: to determine the minerals that make up granite.

Consider and compare samples of minerals: feldspar, quartz, mica. Orally describe their properties (color, transparency, gloss).
Examine a piece of granite with a magnifying glass. Find colored grains. It is the mineral feldspar. Find translucent grains. It is the mineral quartz. Look for black shiny grains. This is the mineral mica.
Fill in the diagram based on the results of the study.

4. Make a conclusion (orally). Check yourself on the Application.

Come up with questions and tasks for each other to find out if the goal of the work has been achieved. Evaluate your progress by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate boxes.

We have correctly described the properties of minerals.
We correctly identified the minerals that make up granite.
We correctly filled out the “Granite Composition” chart.
Our conclusion coincided with that given in the Appendix.

3. Do you know what is stored in the pantries of the Earth? Cut out photos from the Application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

4. Write down the names of minerals in your region.

Gold, gas, oil, granite, asbestos, iron ore.

Page 50 - 51 - Miracle underfoot

Practical work "Study of the composition of the soil."

The purpose of the work: to determine what is included in the composition of the soil.

Consider equipment prepared for practical work. Indicate the names of objects with arrows. Explain (verbally) what they are used for.

Throw a lump of dry soil into the water. What are you watching? What does it say?

Conclusion: The soil contains air.

Heat some fresh soil over a fire. Hold a cold glass over the soil. What are you watching? What does it say?

Conclusion: Soil contains water.

Keep heating the soil. Wait for smoke and bad smell to appear. This burns the humus of the soil, which is formed from the remains of plants and animals. The humus gives the soil dark color. What does this experience indicate?

Conclusion: the soil contains humus.

The calcined soil, in which the humus burned down (it is gray), pour into a glass of water and stir. Watch what settles to the bottom first and what after a while. What does this experience say?

Conclusion: The soil contains clay and sand.

Place a few drops of water on the glass, in which the soil has been for a long time. Hold the glass over the fire. What happened to the water? What's left on the glass? These are mineral salts. What does this experience say?

Conclusion: The soil contains mineral salts.

General conclusion: the composition of the soil includes air, water, humus, clay, sand, mineral salts.

Determine the purpose of each experience. Describe (verbally) its course. Check your conclusions on the Appendix. Rate your work by putting a "+" sign in the appropriate boxes.
We correctly named the equipment for experiments.
Our findings are consistent with those in the Appendix.
We correctly determined the composition of the soil, but inaccurately formulated the conclusion.
We made mistakes in determining the composition of the soil.

Page 52 - 53 - World of Plants

1. Find out the groups of plants according to the descriptions. Write the names of the groups in the boxes.

These plants have roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits in which seeds ripen - 9 letters. Answer: flowery. flowering plants have flowers and fruits. They have all the other parts too: roots, stems, leaves. These plants are the most diverse. The group includes 250,000 species. Examples of flowering plants: Narcissus, calendula, marigold, willow, lily of the valley, aster, sunflower, pear, potato, linden, coltsfoot, dandelion.
These plants do not have roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits. Their body is called the thallus - 9 letters. Answer: algae. Seaweed- the inhabitants of the water. An example of algae is sea kale. Algae do not have roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits. The body of algae looks like long brown ribbons, it is called the thallus. The group includes 100,000 species.
Plants of this group have stems and leaves, but no roots, flowers and fruits with seeds - 3 letters. Answer: moss. mosses grow in wet places. They have stems and leaves, but they do not have roots, flowers, or fruits with seeds. The group includes 27,000 species.
These plants have all parts except flowers and fruits. Their seeds ripen in cones - 7 letters. Answer: conifers. coniferous plants have roots, stems, leaves (needles), but do not have flowers and fruits. Instead of fruits, they have cones in which seeds ripen. The group includes 600 species. Examples coniferous plants : pine, thuja, larch, spruce.
Plants of this group have roots, stems and leaves that look like large feathers. But they do not have flowers, fruits and seeds - 11 letters. Answer: ferns. ferns easily recognizable by the beautiful leaves that look like large feathers. In addition to leaves, ferns have roots and stems. They do not have flowers, fruits or seeds. The group includes 10,000 species.

2. In class, the teacher asked for examples of flowering plants. The children responded like this:

Seryozha: narcissus, calendula, marigolds, willow, pine.
Nadia: lily of the valley, aster, sunflower, pear, potato.
Vitya: thuja, larch, fern, water lily, strawberry.
Ira: seaweed, spruce, linden, coltsfoot, dandelion.

Which of the guys answered correctly? Who made one mistake, two mistakes, three mistakes?

Nadia has the correct answer, Serezha has one mistake, Ira has two mistakes, Vitya has three mistakes.

3. Identify these plants. Write the names of the plants and the groups they belong to.

Flowering	Flowering	Flowering	Flowering
Fern	mosses	Conifers	Conifers

4. Using the book " Green Pages”, prepare a report about one of the plant species of any group. Write the names of species, groups and brief information for your message.

Burdock, he is a burdock

Many plants: lilies of the valley, snow-white water lilies - disappear from the face of the earth, but not burdock.
Due to the fact that its fruit baskets are firmly attached to a person’s clothing and spread everywhere, the burdock grows everywhere.

If you arm yourself with a magnifying glass and examine this plant carefully, then inside the ball-basket there are small purple flowers, and outside - special leaves. They end with spikes-thorns, thanks to which they are easily attached to humans and animals.

Page 54 – 55 – Our journey into the world of plants

On these pages, prepare a photo story about wonderful world plants of your region or other places where you happened to visit. In photographs and captions, try to convey your attitude to the world of plants.

Plants of the Urals

Blue cornflower is an annual plant. It occurs along the edges of forests, glades, roadsides, as a weed plant in vegetable gardens and fields of cereal crops.

Shrub up to 120 cm high. She is a close relative of lingonberries. Blueberries bloom in June-July, and bear fruit in August-September. Its fruits are very tasty. They are widely used for cooking various dishes.

- perennial herbaceous plant. In Russia, it grows everywhere (with the exception of the Far North): in glades, forest edges, among shrubs, in dry open grassy places, along hillsides. In Europe, it is called - oregano, it is a distant relative of mint, lemon balm, sage, basil and other herbs. Oregano is almost the most important spice for making the legendary Italian pizza and Greek salad.

Page 56 - 57 - Fertile land and plants in folk art

1. Color the patterns on the vintage towel. Define the images of the earth and plants. Decorate the second towel with ancient patterns typical of the arts and crafts of the peoples of your region.

Now we will offer several options for embroidery on vintage towels. But first of all, we note that mainly white and red colors were used for embroidery. This is due to the fact that there were simply no other dyes.

At the same time, the following rules were used for old Russian embroidery.

The earth was displayed at the bottom of the towel, while black colors were allowed. used to represent the earth geometric figures: squares, rhombuses.
Plants were embroidered on the top of the towel, usually an image of flowers, leaves. Picture allowed
ears in the middle of the towel.

2. Draw an illustration for the fairy tale of the peoples of your region, in which the plant plays an important role in the development of the action.

Before completing this task, let's remember the fairy tales in which the plant plays important role in the development of action.

First of all, the Russian- folk tale"Turnip".
Russian folk tale "Rejuvenating apples".
Russian folk tale "Tops and Roots".
Russian folk tale "Spikelet".
Russian folk tale "Golden Ears".
"Toad and Rose" Vsevolod Garshin.
"The Scarlet Flower" by Sergei Aksakov.
"Flower-seven-flower" Valentina Kataev.
"Unknown Flower" by Andrey Platonov.
"Twelve Months" by Samuil Marshak.

And now we will give some drawings to the named fairy tales.

3. Pick up and write down the riddles and proverbs of the peoples of your region about the land-nurse and plants.

Proverbs and sayings about the land-nurse and plants The plant is an ornament of the earth. The earth loves care. Who cherishes the earth, the earth pities. Fertilize the land more - the harvest will be higher. In the land of crumbs, from the land of cakes. The deeper the seed is buried, the better it will be born. Grass without clover is like porridge without butter.

And now the riddles

Riddles about the land-nurse and plants It breathes and grows, but cannot walk. (Answer: plant) *** Hey, blue bells! With a tongue, but no ringing! (Answer: flowers are bells) *** Head on a leg, peas in the head. (Answer: poppy) *** Sisters are standing around: Yellow eyes, white cilia. (Answer: daisies) *** The whole world feeds. (Answer: earth)

Page 58 – 59 – Animal World

1. Write the names of the groups of animals listed. Use reference words if necessary.

Frog, toad, newt is amphibians. Earthworm, beer is worms. Snail, slug, octopus, squid is shellfish. Crayfish, crab, shrimp is crustaceans. Starfish, sea urchin, sea lily is echinoderms. Spider, scorpion, haymaker - this is arachnids. Lizard, snake, crocodile, turtle is reptiles.

2. Identify the animals. Write the names of the animals and the groups they belong to. Use reference words as needed.



		Already

Page 80 - 81 - How to preserve the wealth of nature

1. Using the text of the textbook, fill in the right column of the table.

The negative impact of man on nature	Measures for the protection of nature
Poison emissions into the air industrial enterprises and cars	Construction of installations that trap harmful substances. Creating cars that pollute less (running partly on gasoline and partly on electricity).
Ingress of domestic wastewater, waste from industrial enterprises, farms into the water	Construction of a treatment plant in which polluted water will pass through various filters. In addition, at the treatment facilities it is worth using invisible bacteria that neutralize toxic substances.
Losses of minerals during extraction, transportation, processing	Carefully and economically use minerals in their extraction, transportation and processing.
Destruction of plants that protect the soil	Plants strengthen the soil with their roots, so to preserve soil is important to protect and plant plants.
Collection of rare plants by the population	Guard rare plants by constructing nature reserves, national parks and botanical gardens.
Excessive hunting of animals, poaching	Prohibit and restrict the hunting of rare animals. Guard animals, constructing nature reserves and national parks. Also help animal protection zoos.

2. Think up and draw conventional signs showing security natural communities

c) a reservoir

Discuss the symbols suggested by other groups. Choose the most successful ones.

Tell by conventional signs on the protection of natural communities.

Page 82 - 83 - Nature protection in the culture of the peoples of Russia and the world

1. Write down (optional) proverbs, legends, fairy tales of the peoples of your land, which say that it is necessary to love and protect nature.

Proverbs that say that it is necessary to love and protect nature- Fire is the king, water is the queen, earth is mother, heaven is the father, wind is the master, rain is the breadwinner. Whoever cherishes the earth, she pities. - Feed the earth - it will feed you. - Love nature - she will respond with kindness! - To break a tree - a second, and to grow - years. - Take care of your dear land, like a beloved mother.

2. Imagine yourself as the main environmentally friendly settlement. Draw in a box a diagram of your imaginary farm, where for heating, lighting, for different types The activities use the power of water, wind, the heat of the sun, the processing of waste and garbage, and the areas intended for felling are replanted with trees. Use the experience of the peoples of your region, which has been preserved in rural and dacha settlements, in books about the ancient and modern culture of the peoples of Russia and the world.

Page 84 - Wonderful Journey

Visit (optionally) a local history or zoological museum, a batanical garden, a zoo, a natural or historical and cultural reserve in your region. Glue yourself interesting photo your journey.

Explanation: To download the book (from Google Drive), click on the top right - ARROW IN A RECTANGLE. Then in a new window, top right - DOWN ARROW. To read, simply scroll the pages up and down.

Text from the book:

A. A. Pleshakov Surrounding the WORLD ENLIGHTENMENT PUBLISHING HOUSE SCHOOL OF RUSSIA Federal State Educational Standard A. A. Pleshakov Surrounding the WORLD "l H Textbook for educational institutions with an appendix ^ on electronic media In two parts Part 1 3rd edition Recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation class Moscow "Enlightenment" \ 2013 h yo: "UDK 373.167.1: 502 LBC 2ya72 P38 The School of Russia series was founded in 2001. Positive conclusions were received on the textbook Russian Academy Sciences (No. 10106-5215/320 of 11/01/2010) and the Russian Academy of Education (No. 01-5/7d-538 of 10/20/2010). The textbook is part of the "School of Russia" system LEGEND - what we learn, what we learn we work in pairs work in a group work with adults a task of increased complexity modeling workbook atlas-determinant "From earth to sky" - we conclude ISBN 978-5-09- 030779-6(1) ISBN 978-5-09-030780-2(gen.) © Enlightenment Publishing House. 2012 © Artwork. Prosveshchenie Publishing House, 2012 All rights reserved to how the world works By studying this section, we will learn: to classify objects of nature; realize and reveal the value of nature for people; distinguish between a person's appearance and inner world, observe and describe the manifestations of the inner world of a person; tv - determine the place of a person in the world around him; discover relationships in nature, between nature and man and depict them with the help of models; recognize the need for a responsible attitude towards nature. Nature We find out what kingdoms scientists divide into wildlife. We will learn to classify objects of nature. Let's try to realize the value of nature for people. Remember what applies to inanimate and living nature. Which plants are called wild and which are cultivated? What groups are animals divided into? DIVERSITY OF NATURE Using an illustration, prove that nature is amazingly diverse. The diversity of nature amazes and delights people. To understand it, people classify (that is, distribute into groups) all objects of nature. As you already know, nature is divided into living and non-living. Living nature is studied by a special science - biology (from Greek words"bios" - life, "logos" - science). Biologists divide all living things into large groups- kingdoms. There are kingdoms of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria. Bacteria are tiny organisms. Many of them are thousands of times smaller than a grain of sand! Bacteria live everywhere - in water, in the air, even in the human mouth. But for the first time they were seen only when they invented a magnifying device - a microscope. G-- 1 1 THE VALUE OF NATURE FOR PEOPLE Is it true that without human life? Prove it. nature is impossible Nature - essential condition people's lives. We need the warmth and light of the sun, air, water, food. All this is given to us by nature. Nature gives people cotton and wool, wood and metals, coal and oil, and much, much more. Nature delights, delights us with its beauty. She takes care of our health. Did you know that the green color of leaves and grass calms a person, relieves fatigue? Perfectly temper outdoor games, swimming in the river, skiing on winter forest ... Love for nature, care for it make a person kinder. And one more thing: nature constantly gives us the joy of discovery. Only he lives interestingly, who every day learns something new, amazing. Everything in nature is amazing. There are many mysteries in it - just solve it! 1. Read the first paragraph of the text "Diversity of nature" in the workbook. What refers to inanimate nature, and what - to living? 2. Remember what you learned in grade 2 about the differences between living beings and inanimate objects. Compare on these grounds a stone and a cat. Give your examples confirming the differences between inanimate and living things. 3. Come up with a task for the drawing on p. 4 - 5 and invite other children to complete it. t 4. Which kingdoms of wildlife include: birch, boletus, cuckoo, beetle, russula, squirrel, tulip, boletus, hazel? Test yourself on the Self Test Pages. Check yourself 1. What does it mean to classify objects of nature? What is it for? 2. What kingdoms are wildlife divided into? Find their representatives in the picture. 3. Discover the value of nature for people. Nature is amazingly diverse. Living nature is divided into kingdoms: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria. People could not live without the nature around them. o Homework assignments 1. Write in the dictionary: organisms, biology, kingdoms, bacteria, microscope. Orally explain the meaning of these words. 2. If you imagine living nature in the form of fairy-tale kingdoms, who, in your opinion, would be the king in the kingdoms of plants, animals, mushrooms? Get ready to speak in class as one of these kings. To do this, make him a mask and think up a speech with which he could address his subjects. 3. In the Green Pages book, find the chapter on mushrooms. Read the story "Not Plants and Not Animals." Pay attention to the fact that earlier scientists attributed mushrooms to plants, and then they began to consider them an independent kingdom of nature. Find an explanation for this in the story. PAGES FOR THE CURIOUS What are lichens? Look how beautiful lichens are! The forest, where there are a lot of them, looks like a fairy tale. Many scientists attribute lichens to the kingdom of fungi. But other scientists consider them an independent kingdom of wildlife! Why do scientists have such different opinions about the place of lichens in nature? The fact is that a lichen is an amazing organism consisting of a fungus and algae. Under the microscope, it can be seen that the body of the lichen is, as it were, woven from mushroom threads, between which there are tiny green algae. Lichens on tree trunks Let's find out how a person differs from other living beings. Let's learn to distinguish between a person's appearance and his inner world. Let us try to be aware of the extraordinary complexity of the inner world of man. Remember the outer internal structure human body. Think, the internal structure and the inner world of a person are one and the same? If not, how do you understand the difference? r d Human Think about how humans differ from other living beings. Man is a part of nature, its living world. Like other living beings, he breathes, eats, grows, develops, he has children. And therefore, people, like animals, need air, water, food, warmth. Yet man is different from animals. The difference is huge. Human - sentient being. Yes, there are many smart animals among animals, for example, aquatic inhabitants - dolphins or our four-legged dog friends. But only man has true intelligence. 10 Thanks to this, people have created a special world - modern cities, roads, factories and factories, cars and planes, telephones, televisions, computers. People write books, create sculptures, paintings, music. They study nature, reveal more and more of its secrets. Where does a person's mind "get in the way", where does he "live"? In the brain. Animals also have a brain, but in humans it is especially developed. Without a doubt, this is the most amazing human organ. Thanks to him, each of us carries a whole world within us! At any moment, without leaving the room, we can imagine and starry sky, and thick a tropical forest, and the ice of Antarctica, and undersea world ocean. Isn't it amazing? 11 All the pictures that the brain paints reflect our knowledge of the world around us. Add to them the experiences of a person (joy, delight, sympathy, regret, etc.), his character traits, human qualities (kindness, responsiveness, respect for other people's opinions), and you will understand how complex the inner world of each of us is. It is no coincidence that the great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky said: “Every person is complex and deep as the sea ...” The inner world of a person is called mental life. It is studied by the science of psychology (from the Greek words "psyche" - soul, "logos" - science). STAGES OF KNOWLEDGE Throughout his life, a person learns the world. Cognition begins with the work of our sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.), which send information about the environment to the brain. Thanks to this, we see objects, hear sounds, and smell. This is how a person perceives the world around him. Memory helps us to save the information received. It can be compared to a pantry. Thanks to memory, a person accumulates knowledge about the environment in his brain and, if necessary, can use it. When the teacher tells you to “remember”, he asks you to “get” something you need from memory. But a person not only remembers different information about the world around him. He ponders them: 1 12 G' compares, classifies, establishes connections between objects, phenomena, draws conclusions. All this is called thinking. Here is a simple example of the work of thinking: looking out the window and seeing passers-by in warm clothes, we understand that it is cold outside, although we ourselves, being in warm room we don't feel the cold. One more thing is closely related to thinking. amazing property man - the ability to imagine what is not in front of him. This ability is called imagination. Looking at the globe, we use our imagination to travel around the planet. When we read a book, we imagine the characters and their actions. With the help of imagination, we can travel to the past and the future. 13 g ’n f c. M. Vasnetsov. Flying carpet Without imagination, creativity is impossible, that is, the creation of something new that has not yet been. For example, you cannot compose a story or a fairy tale, you cannot draw or make anything, because we must imagine in advance what we want to create. Without imagination, a person could not work at all, because he always needs to imagine the result of labor in advance. Perception, memory, thinking and imagination work together. Thanks to them, a person learns the world in all its diversity, in all its complexity. With their help, he works and creates. 1. Observe your peers. Try to describe the manifestations of the inner world of a person. For what spiritual qualities do you appreciate this person? 2. Discuss in pairs and then as a class how the riches of a person's inner world come about. 14 t Check yourself 1. How to prove that a person is a part of wildlife? 2. How is a person different from animals? 3. Where is the mind "placed" in a person? 4. What makes up the inner world of a person? 5. List the steps of a person's knowledge of the environment. Man is a part of nature, its living world. Mind distinguishes him from other living beings; man is a rational being. It's connected with special development his brain. Man cognizes the world with the help of perception, memory, thinking, imagination. Homework assignments 1. Write in the dictionary: psychology, perception, memory, thinking, imagination. 2. Together with friends, play games that develop perception, memory, thinking and imagination. Examples of such games can be found in the workbook. ^ii>j 23 E WHAT IS ECOLOGY THE STORY WITH MOSQUITOES AND CATS On ONE island people decided to exterminate mosquitoes. To do this, they used pesticides. The mosquitoes really disappeared, but after a while, a lot of rats appeared on the island. They attacked the fields and barns in hordes. local residents by eating grain. People could not understand why this attack appeared. It turned out that pesticides used to kill mosquitoes got on the plants. Cockroaches fed on these plants (there were many of them on the island, and they lived not in houses, but in nature). 24 Cockroaches did not die from poison, but it accumulated in their bodies. Cockroaches were caught and eaten by lizards. They weakened from the poison and became easy prey for cats. But for cats that ate poisoned lizards, the poison turned out to be fatal. Soon they were completely gone from the island. Well, expanse then came for the rats! Soon I had to bring cats to the island. They were brought on planes from other places. This is the only way to deal with the rat scourge. All this, probably, could not have happened if the inhabitants of the island, before using pesticides, consulted environmental scientists. Follow the diagram of the main events of this story. Based on the diagram, tell about them. 25 WHAT THE SCIENCE OF ECOLOGY STUDIES We already know that any Living being(including man) is connected with everything that surrounds him with many invisible threads: with inanimate nature, with other organisms, with what is created by human hands. These invisible threads - ecological connections - are exactly what ecology studies. Everything that surrounds a living being and with what it is connected is called the environment. Ecology is the science of the relationships between living beings and their environment. The word "ecology" itself was formed from two Greek words: "ecoe", which means "house", and "logos" - science. Therefore, we can say that ecology is the science of the home. For humanity, the whole of our huge and at the same time such a small planet Earth is home. Now our natural home is in danger. In order to save it, each person must become at least a little ecologist. Then the whole society will live in harmony and community with nature. 1. Name the groups of ecological links that are represented by these diagrams. Note that the arrows point in different directions. What do you think this means? Give examples of links for each group. Consider the directions of the arrows in your answer. 2. Using a picture, tell what makes up the environment for a plant, animal, or person. Suggest a model showing the relationship between organisms and their environment. Discuss the models presented in class. Choose the most successful ones. ""-"A 27 o f Check yourself 1. What is environment? Describe the environment of natural objects depicted in the diagram. 2. What does the science of ecology study? 3. What is the importance of ecology for people? 4. How can ecological relationships be shown with a model? Everything that surrounds a living being and with what it is connected is called the environment. Ecology is the science of the relationships between living beings and their environment. Assignments for homework 1. Write in the dictionary: environment, ecology. 2. Find books on ecology in the library. Read the book of your choice. Prepare a message based on it that complements the lesson material. ^ "^o> "E 7j ■'."■ L ■Dl^:! ■>." w V -^. ‘ ■h:^ * ■,^ Y g.) "’v" """.^ .7 . ^ V"S si .4 V V" ■^4 Our DIVERSITY OF THE NATURE OF THE NATIVE LAND More than a hundred years ago, the outstanding scientist Dmitry Nikiforovich Kaigorodov wrote the following lines: “I am drawn in the distant future (or maybe not so far!) Such a wonderful ideal : with the appearance of the first green leaf on the tree, the doors of all classes are closed and all lessons ... are transferred to that great auditorium ^ under open sky, on the pulpit2 of which sits the greatest professor in the world - Nature itself. D. N. Kaigorodov and his house in St. Petersburg Yes, Dmitry Nikiforovich dreamed that schoolchildren would study nature not only in the classroom, but also in nature itself! 1 Auditorium - a room in which lectures, reports are given, other classes are held. 2 Department - a place from which a professor (teacher) gives a lecture, conducts a lesson. X 98 "■ mi 'u Well, let's do it. And let's not wait for spring. Nature surrounds us at all times of the year, and it is always amazing. And the most amazing thing in nature is its incredible diversity. How many plants, mushrooms, animals surrounds us! And everyone has a name! Organize the study of this amazing diversity in your region. You have a good P0M01DNIK - an atlas-key "From earth to sky". In addition to the atlas, you can take other books about nature. f: ■ Getting Started work, clearly define the goal of the project Agree on the form of work: individually, in pairs, groups or as a whole class Think over the stages of work, assign responsibilities, agree on deadlines In such a study, you cannot do without adults Go with them to the park, to the forest, to a meadow, to a reservoir. Write down the names of natural objects in a special diary, take photographs, sketches. Collect additional information from various sources. Based on the results of the study, compile a "Book of the nature of your native land." Overall plan book in advance. You can take as a basis the plan of the atlas-determinant. Summarize the results of the study at the conference-holiday. Invite the adults who helped you with the project and other guests. Together with them evaluate the results of your work. ■ Reproduction and DEVELOPMENT of animals 1. Select a group of animals and follow the drawings of the textbook on how these animals reproduce and develop. 2. Supplement the information obtained using the illustrations with information from the text of the textbook. 4. Based on the reports of other children, compare the reproduction and development of different animals (find similarities and differences.) Reproduction and development of insects Development of a butterfly Development of a grasshopper o A nettle butterfly lays eggs on nettles. "They are not at all like adult butterflies. Caterpillars feed on nettle leaves, grow quickly, and then turn into motionless pupae. It will take a little time, and an adult butterfly will appear from each pupae. Not all insects can have pupae. For example, pupae do not have grasshoppers Their larvae are very similar to adult grasshoppers, only very small and do not have wings. Growing up, each larva sheds its skin several times. When it happens in last time, an adult insect comes out of the skin - large and with wings. Reproduction and development of fish, amphibians and reptiles 101 In spring, female fish spawn into the water. From the eggs, fry appear, which are similar to adult fish, only very small. The fry feed, grow and gradually become adult animals. In the spring, in the pond, river, lake, the loud voices of frogs and toads are heard - real concerts! At this time, female frogs and toads lay eggs in the water. After a few days, tadpoles emerge from the eggs, which look more like small fish than adult amphibians. Tadpoles live in water, feed, grow and gradually turn into adult frogs or toads. Female lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles lay eggs. Small lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles hatch from eggs. They grow and gradually turn into adult animals. Reproduction and development of birds Almost all birds build nests in spring. Birds lay their eggs in the nests and incubate them - they warm them with their warmth. In some birds, such as ducks, eggs hatch with downy, very mobile chicks. Within a day, they jump out of the nest, follow their mother as a brood, swim, dive and forage on their own. In other birds, chicks are born helpless, naked. They grow fast and need a lot of food. It is not easy for birds - 102 parents - a female and a male. Starlings, for example, bring food to chicks 300 times a day, and tits - 400 times! The food is mainly insects. In late spring - early summer, the chicks of many birds leave their nests. Although they are already covered with feathers, they still fly poorly. They are also unable to eat on their own. Parents feed their chicks for a while and protect them from enemies, trying to drive even a cat or a dog away from them! Reproduction and development of animals Animals, or mammals, give birth to cubs and feed them with milk. In most mammals, cubs are born in the spring. In a fox they live in a hole, in a squirrel they live in a hollow or in a nest in a tree, in a beaver they live in a hut. Foxes and squirrels are born blind and helpless. But beavers are born sighted. Most animals take care of their offspring: adults guard the cubs, and eventually teach them to get food on their own. o Who is developing? Answer orally what words are missing. Egg - ... - an adult bird. Egg - ... - an adult frog. ... - small - adult fish. Egg - larva - ... - butterfly. According to these verbal schemes, build models of animal development. Check yourself 1. How do insects reproduce and develop? 2. Compare the development of fish and amphibians, amphibians and reptiles. 3. What have we learned about the reproduction and development of birds? 4. How is the reproduction of animals different from the reproduction of all other animals? 5. How do birds and animals take care of their offspring? Most animals lay eggs or eggs. Animals give birth to cubs and feed them with milk. Developing, the offspring turns into adult animals. Many parent animals take care of their offspring. ----................ tsish shsh yriliuyi 1 104 D Assignments for homework 1. Write in the dictionary: larva, pupa, fry, tadpole. Orally explain the meaning of these words. 2. Make a model showing the development of those animals that are of particular interest to you. 3. If you have the opportunity, observe how a dog, cat, and other domestic animals take care of their offspring. Take photographs or drawings. Be prepared to share your observations in class. 4. Using the Green Pages book, prepare a message on one of the following topics: a) how ladybug; b) how finches breed offspring; c) how beavers take care of their cubs. 5. In the book "The Giant in the Clearing" read the stories "Studied", "The Tadpole Story". What do you think about the cases that are described in these stories? spho4sg 105 O S ":;. We will find out why many animals have become rare, how animals should be protected. We will learn to evaluate people's actions in relation to nature, formulate the rules of friends of nature. Remember what animals are important for plants and humans. Which ones do you know Animals included in the Red Book of Russia? only because they provide food and valuable furs, but also because almost all animals are very beautiful and interesting.Cutting down the forest or polluting the water in the river, people unwittingly destroy many wild animals for which the forest or the river is home.Because of economic activity people and immoderate hunting, some animals disappeared forever, while others became rare. Walrus, tiger, golden eagle, flamingo, beetle-kra-sotel... These and many other species are now in danger. They are included in the Red Book of Russia. People have to save them! Read the descriptions of animals from the Red Book of Russia. Recognize the animals in the photos from the descriptions. Walrus - mighty sea animal. Its length is more than 3 meters, and its weight is about one and a half tons. Fangs of walruses - up to 80 centimeters in length! They help animals get food from the bottom - sea mollusks, protect themselves from polar bears, and also get out of the water. g-------- ■ J--■ 106 Tiger - close relative our house cat. Its length is over 3 meters. Strong, dexterous, beautiful beast. Lives in the forests in the east of our country. The golden eagle is a large, majestic bird. Its wingspan is up to 2 meters. The golden eagle can soar beautifully high in the sky for a long time, looking for prey. Flamingo. These are amazing beautiful birds with pale pink plumage live near the water. They feed on crustaceans, insects, seeds of aquatic plants. The beauty beetle lives in the forests. Its body length is about 3 centimeters. It eats caterpillars dangerous for the forest. 107 All over the world and in our country, hunting for rare animals is prohibited, and for some species it is limited. Fishing is also limited. Animals are under special protection in nature reserves, national parks . Help protect animals and zoos. When there are a lot of animals of any kind in the reserve or zoo, they are moved to other places. So it was possible to save, for example, a beaver, a sable. Beavers Sable It is necessary to protect not only rare animals, but also those of which there are still many, which have not yet been included in the Red Book. Their life often depends on you, on your behavior in nature. If you run through the forest, make noise, climb trees, you disturb the animals. This is especially dangerous for them during breeding - in spring and early summer. Many birds, for example, cannot build nests because of this, or they leave the nest in which they have already laid their eggs. It is necessary to protect not only the animals themselves, but also the places in which they live - their environment. 108 Rules of the friends of nature Formulate the rules of behavior in nature using these conventional signs. Compare them with the rules in the textbook. 1. We will feed the birds in the winter, and in the spring, with the help of the elders, we will make houses for them. 2. We will not come close to bird nests. After all, in our footsteps, they can be found and ruined by predators. We will not touch the nest so that the parent birds do not leave it. 3. In the spring and early summer in the forest and park, we will not let the dog off the leash. After all, she can catch helpless chicks and cubs of animals. 4. We will not catch and take home healthy chicks and cubs of animals. In nature, adult animals will take care of them. Check yourself 1. What role do animals play in nature and human life? 2. Why are many species of wild animals becoming rare? 3. What animals do you know from the Red Book of Russia? 4. How should one behave in nature so as not to harm animals? 5. What do people do to protect animals? 109 Due to the economic activities of people, immoderate hunting, improper human behavior in nature, many wild animals are becoming rarer, some are listed in the Red Book. Hunting for rare animals is prohibited. It is necessary to protect not only the animals themselves, but also the places where they live. Homework assignments 1. In the book "Giant in the Clearing" read the story "Do not catch insects for collections." Pay attention to which insects are included in the Red Book of Russia. 2. Analyze your behavior in nature. Do you always take care of animals and their environment? 3. With the help of adults, design a baby book “Take care of animals!” for your younger comrades. On the first page, write what the animals would say to the children if they could talk. PAGES FOR THE CURIOUS What is a zoo? Every year, millions of people visit zoos, among which there are especially many children. That's what zoos are for, to acquaint everyone with animals. But not only for this. Zoologists conduct their research here. In the Moscow Zoo, for example. 1 110 g 3 k studied the nutritional habits of hundreds of animal species. This scientific data is used by employees of other zoos when they create menus for their pets. Zoos are also a haven for rare animals. When there were almost no sables left in the taiga, the Moscow Zoo managed to get offspring from them. And this helped save the sable from complete extinction. Now zoos contain rare animals of many species. So what is a zoo? This is a "living museum" for all nature lovers. It is a "living laboratory" for scientists. This is a sanctuary for rare animals. ^ And ShM tr.-r "J ^. n: j